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The experiment considered the influence of different methods of agricultural technologies on the yield of winter barley in the dependence of the investigated factors. Field experiments were carried out in the fields of the central experimental base of the Kashkadarya branch of the Research Institute of Grain and Legumes in the Karshi district of the Kashkadarya region under conditions of irrigated light gray soils. Stationary experience is represented by the following factors: the level of fertility (factor A); fertilizer system (factor B); plant protection system (factor C) and methods of basic soil cultivation (factor D). The relationship between the influence of the level of soil fertility, fertilizer rates, plant protection products, tillage system and yield, and crop structure of the promising winter barley variety Mavlono was determined. It has been established that (fertilizers, tillage, sowing method, means of protection) increases the yield of winter barley and positively affects the elements of the yield structure. The yield increase in comparison with the control changed from 10.4 to 26.8 c/ha. The statistical processing data show that the fertilizer system (35.8%) and soil cultivation (27%) had a certain influence on the number of productive stems; the fertilizer system (44.6%) influenced the spike size, the fertilizer system (28%) and the tillage (32.8%) had influence on the amount of grain in the spike and influenced the mass of grain from the spike. Keywords: winter barley, monitoring, variety, yield, yield structure, regression. Key words: healthy lifestyle, adaptation, rehabilitation, healthy physical education, functional laterality profile, sinistrality, left-handedness, left-handed schoolchildren.

This article presents a comprehensive technical and economic analysis of the implementation of solar air collectors (SAC) in the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Characterized by a continental climate, the Fergana region enjoys a remarkable abundance of solar resources, with sunshine durations reaching between 2900 to 3100 hours annually. The text delves into the region’s climatic conditions, focusing on key metrics such as average annual temperature, total solar radiation, and the extent of sunshine hours. By assessing the operational efficiency of SAC under varying climatic circumstances specific to areas like Fergana, Kokand, and Shakhimardan, the study provides valuable insights into the potential of solar energy solutions. This research represents a significant advancement in promoting renewable energy sources in the region, highlighting their importance as a means to reduce reliance on traditional energy systems and to enhance environmental sustainability. The article aims to encourage stakeholders to adopt solar technologies, fostering a transition toward a greener, energy-independent Uzbekistan.

This article presents the results of a study on the introduction of South Korean rice varieties, the influence of transplanting methods on the biometric indicators of local and foreign varieties, as well as the selection of varieties adapted for transplanting method using mechanization.

In planning water reservoirs, it’s significant to understand surface runoff behaviors, especially in medium and small rivers. The article examines water availability results during different watery years of The Chatkal River, which is the biggest left tributary of The Chirchik River. The computation of intra-annual runoff distribution for three different years of watery and for two distinguished periods of watery was carried out. It is derived that independently from the watery of year, 80% of runoff originates in high water period and 20% in the low water period.

The article highlights the unique role of irrigation canals in the supply of water in the required amount, depending on crop demand and the rational use of it. The study of the prevention of filtration in irrigation networks and the study of the existing malfunctions in the operation of irrigation networks, the sequence of works on the repair of irrigation networks were analyzed, and the priority of repair work was determined. The current state of the Khumbuz canal in Khiva, Khorezm region of the Republic of Uzbekistan was studied. Information was obtained and analyzed on compliance with design specifications during construction and the presence of protection zones in the canal design. Analytical indicators have been developed to extend the service life of the Khumbuz canal to ensure its normal operation and supply the required amount of water to crops. In the implementation of water supply to agricultural crops, priority is given to the repair and construction of hydraulic structures, including the Khumbuz canal. In addition, all the work to be done was planned based on the priority of the work. It has been found that the amount of water required to irrigate crops can be achieved uniformly along the length of the canal, at the top, middle, and bottom of the canal, by ensuring that the irrigation networks operate at the required level. Specific scientific recommendations have been given for the normal operation of the Khumbuz canal. Repairing the canal has been shown to increase water use by 20 percent and increase crop yields by 15 percent by ensuring that crops receive the required amount of water on time. The service area of the Khumbuz canal is 1.460 hectares. The length of the canal to be repaired is 6 km. of which 2,568 km of new concrete. The maximum water flow of the canal is 2.5 m3/sec, and the normal water flow is 2.0 m3/sec. The efficiency of the channel (canal) is 0.93. The article provides information on how to achieve efficient use of irrigation water by repairing hydraulic structures at the required level and the construction of new ones.

The technologies used to prepare the soil for sowing potatoes on ridges, consisting of numerous soil preparation operations, lead to loss of moisture, prolonging the sowing period and increasing operating costs. The aim of the research is to develop a machine for processing and preparing the soil for sowing potatoes on ridges. The authors have developed a technology for preparing fields for sowing potatoes on ridges and a machine for its implementation. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis and statistics were used in this study. On the basis of multifactorial experiments, the following parameters are justified: the angle of inclination of the ploughshare blade in the range of 6-70, the height and length of the guiding knife in the range of 94-110 mm and 107.2-136 mm, respectively. The main parameters of the working bodies of the machine and its technical characteristics are given. The results of the tests have established that the proposed machine for preparing the soil for sowing on the ridges reliably performs the specified technological process and its performance indicators fully meet the requirements. The use of the machine provides a reduction in operating costs for processing 1 hectare of area in comparison with the technical means used by 33.8 %.

This article is devoted to such issues as smoothing the schedule of loads of manufacturing factories in the “intensive” periods due to the correct use of the system of tariffs, which is stratified by time. It is possible to achieve smoothing of the load schedule of the energy system through the correct use of the time-stratified tariff system by taking into account the above-mentioned issue. Proper use of the time-stratified tariff system by consumers will reduce the load period of the energy system and change its modes.

The mechanism of influence the UV- radiation biological processes into seeds of agricultural plants is considered. The technical parameters of installation for pre-sowing treatment seeds with ultraviolet radiation lamps for increasing the permeability of biological membranes of cells in seed are defined. The results of experimental researches on have established that for processing of seeds cotton pre-sowing treated with ultraviolet rays, increasing of their germination and productivity of agricultural crops are shown.

The technology of electro-processing by UV-radiation soil of agricultural plants is considered. The mechanism of the effect of UV irradiation to change by redox reactions a chemical potential of the soil is shown. As the result of experimental researches, optimum parameters for processing soils with ultraviolet radiation lamps for increasing the absorption of the most mobile manganese forms in plants are defined.

The article discusses methods for monitoring solar radiation and wind characteristics and practical principles of use. The efficiency of using solar and wind energy largely depends on how accurately the design took into account specific data on the arrival of solar radiation or wind speed at the site of the intended operation of installations. The instability of the primary energy supply makes it necessary to supply the installations with accumulators, the choice of capacity of which also affects the size of the energy receivers, and therefore the technical and economic indicators.

This paper is devoted to the issues such as modelling the design parameters and operating modes and improving the design of micro hydroelectric power plants operating in low-pressure water flow. Taking into consideration above-mentioned issues, it is possible to increase the efficiency of using low-pressure water energy systems. The main dimensions of the water wheel of a micro hydropower plant depend on the water flow velocity v, water volume Q, acting at a fixed point in time on the water wheel blade, and also on the depth of the water level H.

Seedbed preparation to achieve desired aggregate size requires many tillage operations when performed on dry soil. A very common implement used for the initial operation is the moldboard plough, subsequent passes may include disk, chisel ploughs, cultivators, rototillers and harrows. Therefore ploughing should form flat soil surface to ensure favorable conditions for performance of subsequent operations. Mechanical reconsolidation by fragmenting and packing at spot ploughing on dry soils was studied in a soil bin, and on loam soil in the field. The results show that in dry soil fragmentation by ploughing and packing is attained by tearing the natural clods from each other and by stressing and translocating them. The maximum bulk density after ploughing was about 964 kg m-3, after ploughing and packing was about 1071 kg m-3 . Packing considerably reduced soil surface roughness from about 0.12m to 0.04m. Moreover, packing by rolling increased soil fragmentation from about 68.2 % (after ploughing) to 79.8 %. A series of experiments showed that the roller had only a slight influence on draught resistance. The spot ploughing draught were increased about 1.3% at this operating conditions.

Electric energy production in small-scale hydropower stations is attractive from both an ecological and an economical point of view. Technological innovations and measures to lessen environmental impacts make small-scale hydropower stations inexpensive and justified energy sources that provide renewable energy on an independent basis and help not only to protect the environment but also to weaken human dependence on fossil fuels. This study is devoted to finding solutions based on renewable energy technologies and innovations in Uzbekistan. This article is devoted to the development of a water wheel experimental model for the micro-hydroelectric power station. Experimental studies were carried out on the basis of this model and obtained results were used in the preliminary calculations. The results from the calculations showed that the installation can generate 7-11 kWh of electricity per hour, about 168-264 kWh of electricity per day and 61 to 96 MWh of electricity per year.

This paper presents the results of calculations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural sectors of the Republic of Uzbekistan within the framework of the project: “Sustainable Agriculture Development and Climate Change Mitigation”. The initial data were the characteristics of the implemented installations based on renewable energy sources for the period of 2014-2018. Most of these installations were biogas settings based on the principle of anaerobic fermentation, as well as solar water heating and photovoltaic stations. The calculations were performed according to the “AMS-III.D” and “AMS-I.J” methods by the “Global Environmental Fund” experts. The developed computer programs were applied to calculate the arrival of radiation and the duration of sunshine during the year on the territory of Uzbekistan. According to the calculations, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions was 1338840.5 tons of CO2 for the indicated period during the operation of installations based on renewable energy sources. Within the framework of this project, the total potential of generating electric energy from biogas settings and solar photovoltaic stations at the amount of 10,424 MWh was estimated.

The article deals with the results of the calculation of annual evaporation losses from the open water surfaces of reservoirs of Uzbekistan. For the estimations, we used the formula of the dependence of the temperature of open water surfaces of the reservoirs with the air temperature and average depth of them, and the tendency of air temperature change over time. The relationship between the wind speed above reservoirs and the weather station was defined.

The article presents the experiments of scientific study of the temperature changes of the pond layers at the given solar radiation values inside the solar pond device modeled using Comsol Multiphysics. The developed model of the solar pond with simplified geometry dimensions changes the sign of the experimental calculation in a positive direction, which helps to study and optimize the energy accumulation process. This research shows that computer modeling can be used to study and optimize the solar pond energy storage process. In addition, the results of this modeling can be used to improve the solar pond device and develop its new technologies. The models obtained from the 3D study of the process using the Comsol multiphysics program are analogs of the three-dimensional cross section in the vertical part of the solar pool. It has been shown that the bottom energy storage layer of the solar pool rises up to 60 ℃ when the concentration of the salt water mixture in the solar pool device varies around 25-30% and the energy storage reaches its maximum value when the solar radiation reaches its maximum value.

Currently, when much attention is paid to environmental protection, the disposal of waste from the chemical industry is one of the main problems. Every year, enterprises pollute the environment with hundreds of thousands of tons of waste and have a negative impact on the environmental situation. The neutralization of man-made waste, the use of low-waste and non-waste technologies are urgent tasks.

This article examines the potential utilization of solar energy in Uzbekistan, a country blessed with abundant sunshine throughout much of the year, making solar radiation an attractive resource. It discusses various approaches for determining the most effective angle for installing solar panels, drawing upon research conducted by several international scholars. Additionally, it presents findings from the application of one of these methodologies in Andijan, a mountainous region in Uzbekistan, offering insights into its feasibility and performance in the local context.

Microhydroelectric power plants with screw turbines operating on low-pressure watercourses represent a new form of small-scale hydropower. Modeling of the design parameters of a micro-hydroelectric power station with two parallel screw turbines operating in low-pressure water flows, and the optimal values were determined. The purpose of the conducted scientific research is the screw turbine outer diameter (Do), inner diameter (Di), total length of the screw (L), the number of blades (N), the angle of inclination of the screw (𝛽), the length of one revolution of the blade (S), the height (H) of the pressure generator is to increase the efficiency of the impact on the number of revolutions, torque and mechanical power based on the correct selection of optimal options.

New catalysts have been developed and studied for the synthesis of acetaldehyde and acetone in combination with acetylene hydration. The composition of the feedstock CCP catalyst used in the acetaldehyde synthesis was analyzed and identified. Based on the analysis results, active cadmium oxide was separated from the CCP catalyst composition, and new BCC-1, BCC-2, BCC-3, BCC-4, BCC-5, BCC-6, BCC-7, BCC-8, BCC-9 catalysts were prepared. These catalysts were tested, and during the acetaldehyde synthesis process, the BCC-7 catalyst yielded a high efficiency (65.7%). Optimal conditions were determined for the synthesis of acetaldehyde and acetone. Bentonite mineral was used as a core in the preparation of this catalyst. There are different brands of bentonite mineral, and Bentonite (PBG) brand mineral was used for BCC-7 catalyst. The high content of aluminum oxide in this mineral increases the strength of the catalyst.

Today, improving energy efficiency in residential heat supply systems, saving fuel and energy resources, and increasing the efficiency of using devices based on renewable energy sources is an urgent issue. The aim of the article is to develop a mathematical model of the heat balance of one-story country houses based on the use of solar energy in a non-stationary mode and conduct theoretical research. The heat balance scheme of the solar house with autonomous heat supply and the electric-heat scheme of the physical model are proposed. Based on the proposed schemes, a mathematical model and calculation algorithm of the heat balance of a one-story rural house of the research object in non-stationary mode were developed, based on the mathematical modeling, the influence of the heat capacity of the wall structure on the temperature regime of the building was studied. The main temperature characteristics, which analyzed the change of the indoor air temperature of the building depending on the ambient temperature, were built on the basis of the MATLAB/SIMULINK program. The mathematical model of the building’s heat balance in dynamic mode and the obtained calculation results are recommended for use in the development of energy-efficient solar houses.

In the article, the thermal regimes of the layers of experimental solar pond with dimensions of 0.7 m and 1.5 m, height of 1.5 m, built in the training ground of Karshi Engineering Economics Institute, were mathematically modeled based on the climatic conditions of Karshi city. In the dynamic mode of the solar pond device, at a concentration of 25% of pond water, the energy collection efficiency of the layers was calculated analytically for the months of May, June, September and October, 2022. A mathematical model of the temperature changes of the layer over time during the absorption of solar radiation through the depth of the solar pond has been developed. The experimental and model calculation results of this solar pond were compared based on Fisher’s criterion. Among the monthly comparison results for each layer, the closest difference was observed in the LCZ layer, which was 8.8%.

The processes of synthesis of silicon carbide from natural mineral raw materials - diatomite mixed with coke (or coal, or graphite) have been studied. High-temperature heating was carried out using a flow of concentrated solar radiation (CSI) of high density (200 W/cm 2 ). The mixture was placed in a graphite crucible mounted on the focal zone of the Large Solar Furnace. The crucible with the material sample after irradiation with the XI flow was cooled in an arbitrary manner for 30 minutes. The analysis showed that such a diffraction pattern is due to the presence of three phases - silicon carbide β- SiC with a cubic system with lattice parameters a = 4.36 A and α- SiC with a hexagonal lattice with parameters a = 3.07 A c = 15.11 A, as well as graphite C of the hexagonal system.

In the work optimum angles of orientation of solar panels with bifacial silicon solar cell, essentially different from traditional solar panels with simple silicon solar cells are experimentally defined. Are shown optimum distance from a back vertical wall and height from horizon, and also color of a horizontal surface reflecting them for achievement of high efficiency of solar panels with bifacial solar cells. Temperature factors of the main basic photovoltaic parameters of power stations with simple and bifacial silicon solar cells shown. Advantage of use of photovoltaic power stations with bifacial silicon solar cells in the hot climate conditions is revealed.

In the field of hydropower, which is one of the sources of renewable energy, there are many places where water pressure of 2-5 meters can be created in water sources. However, hydraulic turbines operating on such sources are not widely used due to insufficient efficiency. This paper describes a counter-rotor hydraulic unit developed by installing an additional active impeller to a reaction hydraulic turbine based on a Segner wheel. Based on experimental results and theoretical analysis, the energy efficiency of a counter-rotor hydraulic unit was studied. As a result of research, it was found that the efficiency of a counter-rotor hydraulic unit varies between 87.2-93.5% at a water pressure of 2-5 meters.

The article briefly analyzes foreign approaches to regulating the salt regime of soils and compares them with leaching methods used in Uzbekistan. Based on experimental data from the authors’ field studies, a comparison was made of the effectiveness of check leaching and alternative methods of soil desalinization for the conditions of Uzbekistan. The purpose of this study is to find a method for amelioration of saline soils with economical use of water, taking into account the scarcity of water resources. The materials can serve as a guide for choosing technology for regulating the salt regime of the kidney in various conditions and situations.

Incidents of train collisions with creatures on railway tracks are one of the major problems for railway transport today. The scientific article presents the results of the analysis of cases of trains hitting people and creatures on railway sections. Taking this into account, the aim of the scientific work is to develop a system of automated warning messages to creatures on railway tracks of approaching trains. In the creation of the system, the notification of the approaching trains to the creatures was selected based on the frequency of hearing of the creatures that gather a lot on the railway sections. In the article, the working algorithm of the system for notifying creatures of the noise generator of the approach of trains, as well as the types of auto-blocking systems on railway sections, to start the noise generator that transmits the message of the approach of trains, if the railway tracks are equipped with the auto-blocking system, the rail chains or the railway tracks are equipped with a semi auto-blocking system connecting the road sensors that notify when the train is approaching to the contacts of the road relays, and recommendations on the selection of frequencies for the noise generator of the train approach warning system based on the hearing frequency of the creatures that gather in large numbers around the railway sections.

This article analyzes counter-rotor hydraulic units developed on the basis of jet turbines. A new design of a counter-rotor hydraulic unit developed by the authors, consisting of a jet turbine with a nozzle and a water wheel, the principle of its operation and essence is described. Based on the velocity triangle of water flowing through the reactive and active impellers, the rotational speed of the impeller was analyzed. Accordingly, analytical relationships between the energy parameters of the impellers are presented.

Nowadays, the demand for electricity is becoming more and more important, so finding new, safe and renewable energy is considered an important issue. Micro hydroelectric power plants with screw turbines are ecologically clean, renewable and efficient operation in low-pressure water flows is presented in the article. This article examines the transmission of 2 parallel screw turbines to one generator through a chain drive and increasing the output power by controlling the part connected to the generator in obtaining electricity from low-pressure water flows.

This article analyzes the prospects for using a combined hybrid solar photovoltaic and hydroelectric device and presents their characteristics and energy parameters. In particular, since the hydroelectric device consists of a counter-rotor hydraulic unit, the functional relationship between the dynamic parameters of the reactive and active impellers and the efficiency of the hydraulic unit was investigated. Based on the obtained graphs and analytical expressions, the relationship between the energy parameters of the jet nozzle hydraulic turbine and the design parameters of the hydraulic unit was analyzed.

The possibility of using the method of artificial neural networks to analyze the modes of complex electric power systems with integrated large photovoltaic stations is considered. Based on the correlation analysis, the main factors influencing the energy parameters of photovoltaic power plants were selected and the boundary conditions for the Pearson coefficient were determined. The algorithm of the developed program for calculating the modes of electric power systems using neural networks is described, which makes it possible to more accurately predict generation, taking into account climatic conditions. On the example of calculations of the modes of the South-Western part of the energy system of Uzbekistan, taking into account the change in power flows as the generation of the Navoi photovoltaic plant with a capacity of 100 MW changes, a comparative analysis of the results obtained by calculation with real measurements was carried out.

In this article, the factors related to the improvement of the methodology of developing the professional competence of students on the basis of personalized educational technologies are analyzed from a scientific point of view, and the professional competence of future history teachers in the environment of the educational cluster is analyzed. Development on the basis of oriented educational technologies, analysis of didactic possibilities, improvement of the subject model based on new approaches, improvement of evaluation criteria and improvement of the level of development of students' professional competence are discussed.

The article presents the results of the yield of pyridine derivatives obtained on the basis of a catalyst of various compositions and, at the same time, the efficiency of new catalytic systems for the synthesis of pyridine derivatives is investigated. “Angren kaolin” (Uzbekistan) was used to develop catalytic systems. The development and implementation of new catalytic systems leads to a decrease in the problems associated with the purchase of catalysts from abroad and will entail economic benefits for the republic. To solve the problems, the following research methods were used: spectral analysis, microscopic analysis, potentiometric method, physicochemical methods of analysis, and methods of preparing catalysts.The catalysts have been developed with different ratios of starting components. The efficiency of heterogeneous catalysts was determined by the synthesis of pyridine derivatives at the facilities of JSC “Navoiyazot”. It was found that among the monocomponent catalysts, the CK-13 brand catalyst ((CdO-13.0%, kaolin-87.0%) (2-methylpyridine-41.2%, 4- methylpyridine-22.4%) was more efficient) with a yield of 63.6%, and among two-component catalysts of the CChK-13 brand (CdO-13.0%, Cr2O3-5.0%, kaolin-82.0%) (2-methylpyridine-45.4%, 4-methylpyridine - 24.8%)) with a yield of 70.2%. And also the influence of peptizers on the yield of finished products was studied.

In all countries the creation, operation and use of energy- and resource-saving, high-performance machines for turning the soil and preparing crops for planting plays an important role. In particular, in this direction it is important to carry out specific scientific and practical research on the preparation of a universal machine and the technological operation of its main nodes, as well as the achievement of resource savings in the case of interaction with the soil. A semi-screw body was selected as a furrow forming device of the machine that prepares the soil for planting potatoes in the field, and its parameters were theoretically and experimentally justified. Mathematical analysis, the most important principles and methods of classical mechanics were used in the conducted research. According to the results of theoretical and experimental scientific research, the covering width of the housing, which ensures compliance with the requirements of the formation of the nucleus by consuming less energy, should be 200 mm, and the minimum height of its pillar and column should be 330 mm and 560 mm. and the length of the wing should be between 515-545 mm.

The article discusses issues related to the creation of mathematical models that are used to solve various problems arising in the hydrological and hydrogeological cycles. The analysis of the mathematical correctness of the solved problems, which correspond to the initial boundary conditions, is given. When studying the phenomena associated with the exchange of mass between surface and groundwater flows, it becomes necessary to study several issues in order to hydraulically substantiate the models being developed and their numerical implementation. This circumstance is of great importance when creating a picture of the interacting processes of runoff and water infiltration.

The article presents the principle of the heliopyrolysis device with a solar concentrator and the temperature measurement scheme at the characteristic points of the reactor. Pyrolysis of organic waste was carried out according to the experimental method in laboratory conditions. Experiments were carried out on samples of organic waste (rubber, polyethylene film, plastic bottle) with an initial moisture content of 5÷20% and a size of 4÷6 mm. Based on the relationship between the amount of solar radiation and the ambient temperature for the city of Karshi (Uzbekistan), the experimental results of studying the temperatures inside the heliopyrolysis reactor when various organic wastes are loaded are presented. 0.25h according to the height of the reactor in the experiment; 0.35h; 0.25h; temperatures on the inner surface at distances of 0.15 h were recorded using the Mobile-CASSY 2 thermometer. It was determined that an average temperature of 350÷450 °C can be generated in the reactor of the experimental device. Experiments show that in the conditions of the city of Karshi, it is possible to create a mode of 300÷500°C sufficient for the pyrolysis of organic waste through a parabolic solar concentrator in the daytime mode.

The article presents the results of research on modeling the process of mass transfer by interacting ground and surface water flows, taking into account the migration of moisture in the humidification zone using the dimensionality analysis method, as when solving the problem of mass transfer by interacting ground and surface water flows in the humidification zone, associated with the determination of the mass transfer coefficient, the method of dimension analysis acquires special importance. Based on these considerations, stochastic differential equations of changes in the parameters of the infiltration flow in the humidification zone are derived and a one-dimensional hydraulic model of convective moisture transfer in hydromorphic media caused by irrigation of agricultural crops is obtained.

Analyzing the landslide situation is one of the urgent scientific and practical problems in determining the conditions for carrying out construction works and protecting human life and economic sectors from danger. Landslides can cause economic damage, disable large structures and roads, destroy large areas of crops, and destroy villages and cities. In this study, for Akhangaran reservoir lands, techniques for assessing slope stability, ground mass stability during landslides, and landslide pressure were established for the scenario when soils exhibit both frictional and viscous qualities. These approaches took into consideration the internal factors impacting landslides. The obtained results are based on the development of activities that suppress the factors affecting the movement of landslides.

This article presents the data analysis of pumping stations controlled by the Pumping Stations and Energy Departments (PS&ED) of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Collected data was analyzed according to the number of pumping stations, the amount of water they released, water delivery capacity, annual electricity consumption, and other parameters. The results of the observations and the data compared across districts are presented in tables and graphs. In addition, further measures have been developed to ensure efficient and reliable operation of pumping stations.

The research's main aim is to synthesize saturated alcohols containing four or more carbon atoms in the chain from ethylene and ethanol, which are products of natural gas processing. During of investigation, isobutyl and isohexyl alcohols were synthesized, and the optimal conditions for the process were determined. The dependence of the product yield on various factors has been studied.

This article presents the modern state of energy-efficient residential building exterior wall constructions from aerated concrete, and the main properties of aerated concrete are analyzed. Properties of composite building materials, strength, and heat-technical properties depending on their structure are considered. Also, the analysis of existing problems in obtaining aerated concrete in the Republic of Uzbekistan is presented. The results of research on the use of industrial waste in aerated concrete have shown that it is appropriate to continue research using physical-mechanical and chemical activation methods for the wide application of secondary filler activation, particularly in construction production. The modern state of construction of external wall structures of energy-efficient residential buildings from aerated concrete is presented, in which the main properties of aerated concrete are analyzed. Properties of composite building materials, strength, and heat-technical properties depending on their structure are considered. Also, the analysis of existing problems in obtaining aerated concrete in the Republic of Uzbekistan is given.

In subsequent years the construction industry in our country is developing very rapidly. Accordingly, the requirements for the rational and efficient use of raw materials and energy resources in building materials are also increased. To effectively solve the problem of developing prefabricated, monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures with high strength and durability of concrete mixtures, and special chemical additives, the widespread use of superplasticizers is required. In particular, obtaining such products based on industrial secondary raw materials is more important. Pyrolysis of hydrocarbon raw materials is the main method for obtaining low molecular mass olefins, mainly ethylene, propylene, and acetylene. The increasing production of ethylene and propylene has also led to increasing by-products generated in this process. A large amount of pyrolysis oil as a by-product is also obtained at pyrolysis. During the investigation, a naphthalene fraction was isolated from this product, and on its basis, a synthesis of superplasticizer for concrete mixtures was carried out.

The article shows the importance of obtaining new composition of heavy drilling fluids based on composite chemical reagents from local raw materials and industrial wastes for drilling oil and gas wells. In the process of building oil and gas wells to maintain the stability of the walls, to prevent the flow of salts, and to prevent the penetration of formation fluids into the well, it becomes necessary to increase the density of the drilling fluid, which can be accomplished by introducing components with increased density. For obtaining and stabilization heavy drilling fluid were investigated and recommended new compositions of powder water soluble gossypol resin and carboxymetylcellylose sodium and other minerals. Stabilization indexes and their determination in the drilling process of oil and gas wells have been investigated. The result of research have been implemented in the drilling process of oil and gas wells with abnormally high reservoir pressure.

On the basis of theoretical prerequisites and experimental studies, to substantiate the choice of factors that determine the formation of a dynamic load on the track from modern rolling stock for high-speed and high-speed traffic. As a result, a method for determining the vertical design force acting from the wheel on the rail is given. Methodology. Fundamental structural changes in high-speed and high-speed trains, a significant increase in the speed of movement lead to the need to revise the methods for calculating the effect of rolling stock on the railway track, the ratio of standard deviations of various dynamic forces, and assessing the influence of various factors for different speeds of movement. The paper also investigates the change in the dynamic load based on the results of experimental measurements. Results. The dependences of the average and calculated vertical forces on the speed of movement for modern passenger trains. Using factorial dispersion analysis, numerical characteristics of the impact of various factors on the value of the effect of the vertical force of the wheel on the rail are obtained. The degree of influence of various factors on the formation of the value of this force is established.

The article presents an improved scheme and pilot-industrial copy of a flat reflector solar air heating collector with a heat accumulator. The heat balance equation of the flat reflector solar air heating collector with heat accumulator is constructed, and its energy efficiency is based on it. Considering the local climatic and meteorological characteristics of the city of Karshi, its useful performance coefficient was determined based on the experiment conducted on the flat reflector solar air heating collector with a heat accumulator. This designed device is proposed as an active solar heating system for the anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste based on energy and resource efficiency. As a result of experimental studies, a flat reflector solar air heating collector with a heat accumulator’s high energy efficiency was determined in the heating heat carriers (air up to + 75°C and heat accumulators up to +85°C) on February 24, 2023.

Foreign approaches to maintaining a favorable salt regime of soils are analyzed. On the basis of experimental studies, a change in the water-physical properties of the soil during deep loosening and an increase in salt leaching during leaching and vegetation irrigation using the Biosolvent preparation were established. Based on the analysis of the leaching results, the optimal technologies and norms for leaching saline soils have been established.