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The “western” and “eastern” allospecies of the superspecies complex Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758) sensu lato includes the most widespread and abundant gastropods in the Ukrainian aquatic fauna. The range of the “western” allospecies includes the north and central parts of Right Bank Ukraine, while the range of the “eastern” allospecies comprises the north-eastern and eastern parts of Left Bank Ukraine, and the extreme south (as far as the Danube River) of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The food preferences of these snails were established for the first time. Such data may provide the basis for studying the role of both allospecies in the food webs of the river systems of Ukraine.

Bulinus globosus snails inhabiting ephemeral rivers and ponds in sub-Saharan Africa experience seasonal water-level fluctuations and habitat desiccation. These environmental changes can instigate the aestivation of snails as a survival strategy. However, the net effect of these changes on snail population size following a period of desiccation and resuscitation is poorly understood. To lessen this knowledge gap, we evaluated the effects of desiccation on the fecundity and longevity of Bulinus globosus snails under laboratory conditions. The periods of desiccation used were 57, 64, 71 and 78 days. Our results showed that an increase in desiccation time from 57 to 78 days was associated with a twofold reduction in fecundity. Furthermore, the survival time of B. globosus snails decreased linearly with desiccation time. The median survival time of snails exposed to desiccation for 57 and 78 days was 63 days and 35 days, respectively. Reduction in the fecundity and snail survival post-desiccation may lead to population shrinkage of B. globosus.

We present a checklist of 86 valid freshwater mollusc species of Serbia (65 gastropods and 21 bivalves) belonging to 19 families (15 gastropods and four bivalves). The list is based on our latest research and includes data from published sources and personal communications. The most diverse family among gastropods is Planorbidae (16 species), while Sphaeriidae are most diverse within the bivalves (10 species). Ten species are local endemics (all of them gastropods), while eight are introduced species (three gastropods and five bivalves). The Danube River and its smaller tributaries harbour the most diverse gastropod community, with a total of 61 species (41 gastropods and 20 bivalves). The snail Theodoxus transversalis (Pfeiffer, 1828) and the bivalve Unio crassus Philipson, 1788 are listed as EN (endangered) on the global (IUCN) level, while the snail Plagigeyeria gladilini Kuščer, 1937 and the bivalves Pseudanodonta complanata (Rossmässler, 1835) and Sphaerium rivicola (Lamarck, 1818) are considered as VU (vulnerable) species. Of those IUCN taxa, only U. crassus is listed as protected on the national level (along with 12 mostly local endemic gastropod species). In comparison with the previous checklist of gastropods by Karaman & Karaman (2007), a total of seven species are added here: Belgrandiella serbica Glöer 2008, Bythinella istoka Glöer & Pešić 2014, B. nonveilleri Glöer 2008, B. pesterica Glöer 2008, Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758), Melanoides tuberculata (O.F. Müller, 1774) and Armiger crista (Linnaeus, 1758). In view of global and regional trends in taxonomy, ecology and invasive biology, an even richer diversity of the Serbian freshwater malocofauna can be expected.

We present the first record of the freshwater gastropod Pettancylus tenuis from the Pune region of India. This species, which resembles a limpet, was found in November and December 2020 in a wetland formed near the confluence of Mula and Ram rivers in Pune city. The shell characters of the specimens match the available description of the species. The other records of this species from Maharashtra are nearly 150 km from Pune.

O gastropode Biomphalaria glabrata presente em grande parte do territorio nacional, atua como principal hospedeiro intermediario do trematodeo, Schistosoma mansoni , causador da esquistossomose no Brasil. O nematoide entomopatogenico (NEP) Heterorhabditis associado com a bacteria, Photorhabdus luminescens, e usado mundialmente no controle biologico de diversos organismos. Porem, nada se conhece sobre a susceptibilidade de B. glabrata a NEPs. Nesse estudo, alem de demonstrar a susceptibilidade do molusco ao nematoide, tambem avaliamos as alteracoes induzidas por Heterorhabditis bacteriophora em seu metabolismo glicemico. Pra tanto, seis grupos foram formados: tres grupos controle, constituido por organismos nao expostos ao nematoide, e tres grupos infectados, que foram expostos as formas infectantes do NEP. O experimento foi realizado em duplicata, utilizando um total de 240 molucos. Significativas alteracoes no metabolismo de carboidratos de B. glabrata foram observadas apos 3 semanas de infeccao. Os resultados indicam diminuicao dos niveis de glicose hemolinfatica, bem como nos conteudos de glicogenio estocados na glândula digestiva e glândula de albumen do caramujo. Em paralelo, os grupos infectados tambem apresentaram aumento na atividade da enzima lactato desidrogenase (LDH), indicando que a infeccao induz a ativacao de vias fermentativas do molusco. Apesar da ausencia de letalidade dos grupos expostos, a infeccao gerou comprometimento no metabolismo glicidico de B. glabrata , sobretudo, nas reservas de galactogenio, sugerindo potencial aplicabilidade em programas de controle biologico do gastropode.

Armiger crista (Linnaeus, 1758), a holartic freshwater gastropod, has been rediscovered inAlgeria. It was found in a small lake whose malacofauna was almost exclusively paleartic/ho-lartic. This aquatic environment is probably unique in the Maghreb, where cold-climate faunal elements are rapidly disappearing due to global warming. Monitoring of the site and study ofother groups is highly recommended.

The spread of freshwater invasive species through aquarium trade poses a threat to the ecosystem, economy and human health. The availability of the exotic freshwater gastropod mollusc, Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), in pet shops in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, raises concern for its potential establishment as an invasive species. Assuming the role of the native predators as a potential biotic barrier for invasion, observations on the predation pattern of the malacophagous leech, Glossiphonia weberi (Blanchard, 1897) (Clitellata: Glossiphoniidae) against P. corneus was made in single as well as in combination with the native snail Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1834) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Using varying size classes and densities of P. corneus, the predation potential of G. weberi was estimated after a 24 hour period. In another set of experiments, the predation of G. weberi against the snail P. corneus was observed in the presence of I. exustus under four different habitat conditions. The purpose was to justify - (1) the effect of conspecific and heterospecific conditions of the prey availability and (2) the effect of habitat complexity on the predatory efficacy of G. weberi. The results indicated that G. weberi consumed varied numbers of P. corneus, depending on the size and the densities of the prey and predator. Although the prey heterogeneity and complex habitats caused significant reduction of predation on both of the prey species, G. weberi significantly preferred P. corneus over I. exustus in open (P < 0.0001), macrophyte (P = 0.002) and pebbles and macrophyte containing habitats (P < 0.0001). Apparently, G. weberi preferred the exotic snail P. corneus in presence of alternative prey snail I. exustus, under different habitat conditions. Therefore, G. weberi may act as a significant biotic resistance against the colonization and establishment of P. corneus in the Indian context. However, further studies including the multiple prey and predators are required to ascertain the food web level impact of the exotic snail P. corneus in invaded freshwater ecosystems.

Two endogenous biorhythms of mass specific rate of oxygen consumption with periods of 10.8 and 4.7 weeks were detected in the late postlarval ontogenesis of freshwater gastropod mollusks Planorbarius corneus using a singular spectral analysis. The local extreme points of both biorhythms in different individuals fall at the same ages. Periods of both biorhythms are approximately the same in all the animals studied and remain unchanged throughout the individual development. Both biorhythms are fading and have a similar amplitude, which decreases from approximately 1.1 μL O2/(h g) up to 20 weeks to 0.26 μL O2/(h g) at the time of death. Thus, new, previously undescribed endogenous biorhythms associated with metabolic rate have been identified.

The planorbid species that were described by Shuichi (Syuiti) Mori from Japan have long been enigmatic and their taxonomy has been highly confused. This situation is also an impediment to action fo...

The diversity of freshwater gastropods recorded in the Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine is reviewed and comments on their distribution and ecology are provided. Thirty-five species were revealed in samples collected from the lowland and mountainous parts of the Ukrainian Transcarpathia. Three species are recorded for the first time in the regional fauna: Viviparus sphaeridius, Bithynia troschelii and Segmentina montgazoniana. For species found in the region brief remarks on the biotopes in which they were registered and relevant taxonomic comments are given. The most distinctive features of the mollusc fauna of Ukrainian Transcarpathia are considered; the presence as well as the absence of some taxa in comparison with adjacent regions is discussed. The results of our observations confirm that the distribution of gastropod species depends on the types of waterbodies and their altitude location. The presented data contribute to the knowledge of the regional malacofauna and should help to assess the biogeographic status of the Transcarpathian Region more clearly.

The change in the rate and mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption was studied during individual ontogenesis of nine Planorbarius corneus individuals starting from 3 weeks after hatching until the death of animals. It is shown that, at the initial stages of development, the mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption increases, reaching a maximum at 3–7 weeks after hatching. The rate of oxygen consumption then permanently increases, and the mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption permanently decreases. The dependences of mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption (q) on the age (t) for individual P. corneus can be described by the equation qst/(1 – exp(–k (t + t0))). The values ​​of the coefficients of this equation for different specimens do not differ significantly and are, on average, k = 0.134 ± 0.016 weeks–1; qst = 0.117 ± 0.006 mL O2/(h g). The dependence of the rate of oxygen consumption (Q, mL O2/h) on body weight (M, g) in individual development is well described by allometric equations, the power coefficients of which vary from 0.647 to 0.944 and significantly differ from each other (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the data for all mollusks can be described by the united equation Q = 0.061 M0.795. The power coefficient of this equation does not significantly differ from the Hemmingsen constant 0.75.

54. Anisus septemgyratus (Rossmässler, 1835) Findings in Serbia. Paraspira septemgyrata: Hesse (1929). Anisus septemgyratus: Jaeckel et al. (1958). Anisus (Anisus) septemgyratus: Karaman & Karaman (2007); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.). Morphology. Small-sized snail (up to 8 mm diameter). Shell is thin and flat, with 7–8.5 regularly increasing whorls. Aperture is oval. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 59, figure on the top of the page). Distribution and ecology. Central European species. Lives in small stagnant waters in lowlands. Tolerates temporary droughts (from Welter-Schultes 2012). Scarce findings in Serbia are limited to the Pannonian part—the Danube River, ponds and accumulations near the Danube, and few canals in DTD system. Other remarks. The species is considered extinct in Austria, critically endangered in the Czech Republic, and vulnerable in Germany and Poland. On the IUCN Red List of threatened species, it has been assessed as LC (Killeen & Seddon 2011)., Published as part of Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara & Živić, Ivana, 2021, The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5003 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5120059, {"references":["Rossmassler, E. A. (1835 - 1837) Iconographie der Land- & Susswasser- Mollusken, mit vorzuglicher Berucksichtigung der europaischen noch nicht abgebildeten Arten. Museum of Zoology, Arnoldische Buchhandlung, Dresden and Leipzig, 288 pp.","Hesse, P. (1929) Schnecken aus dem nordlichen Serbien. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 61 (1), 230 - 240.","Jaeckel, S. V., Klemm, W. & Meise, W. (1958) Die Land und Susswasser-Mollusken der nordlichen Balkanhalbinsel. Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 23, 141 - 205.","Karaman, B. & Karaman, G. (2007) Catalogus of the freshwater snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Serbia. Crnogorska Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti Glasnik Odjeljenja prirodnih nauka, Podgorica, 17, 167 - 222.","Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]"]}

58. Armiger crista (Linnaeus, 1758) Findings in Serbia. Gyraulus (Armiger) crista: Novakovi&cacute; (2015 pers. comm.); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.). Common name. Nautilus ramshorn. Morphology. Minute snail (up to 3 mm diameter). Shell is thin and translucent, finely striated and sometimes ribbed. Aperture is nearly circular, while the shell is convex at the upper side and flat, or convex, on the lower side. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 62, figure at the bottom of the page). Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 1400 m.a.s.l. (a few lowland findings in Serbia, up to 100 m. a.s.l.) Inhabits permanent smaller water bodies, lakes and ponds rich in vegetation. Can tolerate soft waters (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, it has been found in the Danube (Kovin Municipality) and Plazovi&cacute; Rivers. Other remarks. Shell morphology can be variable, hence three morphotypes: Armiger c. f. nautileus (smooth form), A. c. f. cristatus (ribbed form) and A. c. f. spinulosus (jagged form) (Glöer 2019). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species, it has been assessed as LC (Seddon & Killeen 2011b). Genus Gyraulus Charpentier, 1837, Published as part of Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara & Živić, Ivana, 2021, The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5003 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5120059, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Apud J. B. Delamolliere, Detroit, Lugduni, 220 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]","Gloer, P. (2019) The freshwater gastropods of the West-Palaearctis. Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Hetlingen, 399 pp.","Killeen, I. & Seddon, M. B. (2011 b) Hippeutis complanatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2011, e. T 155940 A 4870303. [downloaded 3 May 2021]","Charpentier, J. de (1837) Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Suisse. Formant la seconde partie de la faune Helvetique. Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften - Nouveaux Memoires de la Societe Helvetique des Sciences Naturelles, 1 (2), 1 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10700"]}

51. Ferrissia californica (Rowell, 1863) Findings in Serbia. Ferrissia wautieri: Velkovrh (1974). Ferrissia fragilis: Rakovi&cacute; (2015); Gojšina (2021, pers. comm.); Stojanovi&cacute; (2021 pers. comm.). Common name: Fragile ancylid. Morphology. Small-sized snail, up to 6 mm long. Flattened, translucent and thin shell with apex bent to the right side. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 49, figures in the middle of the page). Distribution and ecology. Invasive species (Nearctic orign), wide ecological valence. Often found on submerged water plants. Prefers shallow stagnant or slowly flowing waters (Glöer 2019). In Serbia, reported from the Danube, a flooded gravel pit near the Nera River, and few smaller ponds (Tvrdenjava near Belgrade, Vrnja&ccaron;ka banja Spa). Other remarks. The species can be confused with Acroloxus lacustris sometimes. It tolerates droughts by forming a septum and closing the shell. This species is often found in clusters, with two or more smaller individuals sticking on the back of the larger one (Glöer 2019). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species, it has been assessed as LC (Cordeiro & Perez 2011)., Published as part of Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara & Živić, Ivana, 2021, The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5003 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5120059, {"references":["Rowell, J. (1863) Description of a new California mollusk, discovered by Rev. Joseph Rowell, at Marysville, in the waters of Feather River. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 1, 3, 21 - 22.","Velkovrh, F. (1974) Ferrissia wautieri (Mirolli, 1960) (Gastropoda, Ancylidae) v Jugoslaviji. Bioloski Vestnik, 22 (2), 251 - 254.","Rakovic, M. (2015) Diversity of Molluscs in the Danube River (1260 - 863.5 rkm) and Taxonomic Analysis of the Genera Planorbarius, Radix, Physella and Ferrissia (Pulmonata: Basommatophora). University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 147 pp. [PhD. thesis, in Serbian]","Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]","Gloer, P. (2019) The freshwater gastropods of the West-Palaearctis. Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Hetlingen, 399 pp.","Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. (2011) Ferrissia fragilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2011, e. T 189119 A 8686887. [downloaded 3 May 2021] https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2011 - 2. RLTS. T 189119 A 8686887. en"]}

62. Planorbis carinatus O. F. Müller, 1774 Findings in Serbia. Planorbis carinatus: Hesse (1929); Jaeckel et al. (1958); Karaman (2005); Karaman & Karaman (2007). Common name. Keeled ramshorn. Morphology. Medium-sized snail (up to 15 mm diameter). Shell is flattened and keeled, keel is sharp, centrally positioned. Whorls are rapidly increasing. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 68, figure in the middle of the page). Distribution and ecology. Western Palearctic species up to 1000 m.a.s.l. Permanent standing and slow-flowing waters with a muddy substrate and plenty of vegetation (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, it could be found in the northern, Pannonian, parts, usually in ponds, permanent marshes and accumulations near the Danube and Sava Rivers (Zasavica, Petrovaradinski rit, Srebrno jezero). There are also findings from the southern parts (Toplica River). Other remarks. On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Van Damme & Kebapçý 2011 b)., Published as part of Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara & Živić, Ivana, 2021, The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5003 (1) on pages 31-32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5120059, {"references":["Hesse, P. (1929) Schnecken aus dem nordlichen Serbien. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 61 (1), 230 - 240.","Jaeckel, S. V., Klemm, W. & Meise, W. (1958) Die Land und Susswasser-Mollusken der nordlichen Balkanhalbinsel. Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 23, 141 - 205.","Karaman, B. (2005) Fauna Gastropoda (Mollusca) sliva Juzne Morave (Srbija i Crna Gora). Crnogorska Akademija nauka i umjetnosti, Glasnik odeljenja prirodnih nauka, 16, 41 - 49. [in Serbian]","Karaman, B. & Karaman, G. (2007) Catalogus of the freshwater snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Serbia. Crnogorska Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti Glasnik Odjeljenja prirodnih nauka, Podgorica, 17, 167 - 222.","Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]","Van Damme, D. & Kebapcy, U. (2011 b) Planorbis carinatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2011, e. T 156070 A 4883728. [downloaded 3 May 2021]"]}

52. Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758) Findings in Serbia. Planorbarius corneus: Hesse (1929); Jaeckel et al. (1958); Frank et al. (1990); Jovanovi&cacute; (1990, 1995 a, 1998); Arambaši&cacute; (1994); Reh et al. (1997); Karaman (2001, 2001 a); Karaman & &Zcaron;ivi&cacute; (2001); &Zcaron;ivi&cacute; et al. (2005, 2006); Karaman & Karaman (2007); Savi&cacute; et al. (2016); Stojanovi&cacute; (2017); &Zcaron;ivi&cacute; (2020); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.). Common name. Great ramshorn. Morphology. Large snails up to 35 mm diameter. Shell is flattened and thick, weakly striated. It consists of 4.5–5 fast increasing whorls. For more details see Glöer (2019: 265, fig. 331). Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 750 m. a.s.l. (in Serbia up to 600 m. a.s.l.). Lives in standing and slow-flowing waters with a muddy substrate, and plenty of vegetation (Welter-Schultes 2012). Quite common in Serbia this species has been found in Kraljevac Lake, Obedska bara and Carska bara Wetlands, Danube, Tamiš, Sava, Nišava, Viso&ccaron;ica, Toplica Rivers, and few other rivers from the southern part of Serbia. Other remarks. Due to self-fertilization it has a quite high spreading potential, sometimes only one snail can form stable populations in new habitats (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Albrecht et al. 2010)., Published as part of Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara & Živić, Ivana, 2021, The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5003 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5120059, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Apud J. B. Delamolliere, Detroit, Lugduni, 220 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Hesse, P. (1929) Schnecken aus dem nordlichen Serbien. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 61 (1), 230 - 240.","Jaeckel, S. V., Klemm, W. & Meise, W. (1958) Die Land und Susswasser-Mollusken der nordlichen Balkanhalbinsel. Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 23, 141 - 205.","Frank, C., Jungbluth, J. H. & Richnovszky, A. (1990) Die Mollusken der Donau vom Schwarzwald bis zum Schwarzen Meer: eine monographische Darstellung. Akaprint, Budapest, 142 pp.","Jovanovic, B. (1990) Prilog poznavanju faune Gastropoda (Mollusca) Deliblatske pescare. Glasnik Prirodnjackog muzeja, 45, 21 - 26. [in Serbian]","Jovanovic, B. (1995 a) Vodeni puzevi (Gastropoda, Mollusca) podrucja Bora. Zbornik radova Nasa ekoloska istina, 3, 337 - 341. [in Serbian]","Jovanovic, B. (1998) Diverzitet faune Gastropoda (Mollusca) Borskog regiona (Srbija). Zbornik radova Ekoloska istina, 6, 239 - 241. [in Serbian]","Arambasic, M. (1994) Composition and structure of mollusc fauna of the Yugoslav part of the Danube and saprobity estimation. In: Jankovic, D. & Jovicic, M. (Eds.), The Danube in Yugoslavia: Contamination, protection and exploitation. Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stankovic, Beograd, pp. 124 - 130.","Reh, Z., Jovanovic, B. & Bobic, M. (1997) Preliminarna hidrobioloska istrazivanja Brestovacke reke. Zbornik radova Nasa ekoloska istina, 5, 126 - 131.","Karaman, B. & Zivic, I. (2001) Fauna Gastropoda (Mollusca) nekih fruskogorskih potoka (Vojvodina, Srbija). Zbornik radova Zasavica 2001, 1, 201 - 207. [in Serbian]","Zivic, I., Markovic, Z. & Ilic, J. (2005) Composition, structure and seasonal dynamics of macrozoobenthos in the Temska and Visocica Rivers (Serbia). Archives of Biological sciences, 57 (2), 107 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.2298 / ABS 0502107 Y 0 Z","Zivic, I., Markovic, Z. & Brajkovic, M. (2006) Influence of the temperature regime on the composition of the macrozoobenthos community in a thermal brook in Serbia. Biologia, 61 (2), 179 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11756 - 006 - 0029 - 5","Karaman, B. & Karaman, G. (2007) Catalogus of the freshwater snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Serbia. Crnogorska Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti Glasnik Odjeljenja prirodnih nauka, Podgorica, 17, 167 - 222.","Savic, A., Randelovic, V., Dordevic, M. & Pesic, V. (2016) Assemblages of freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Nisava River, Serbia: ecological factors defining their structure and spatial distribution. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 68 (2), 235 - 242.","Stojanovic, K. Z. (2017) Influence of trout farms on macrozoobenthos communities with special emphasis on larvae of the genus Baetis (Ephemeroptera, Insecta). University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 374 pp. [PhD. thesis, in Serbian]","Zivic, I. (2020) Monitoring of biological, physico-chemical and hydromorphological parameters in order to define reference sites in the Republic of Serbia. Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, sumarstva i vodoprivrede republike Srbije, Beograd, 439 pp. [in Serbian]","Gloer, P. (2019) The freshwater gastropods of the West-Palaearctis. Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Hetlingen, 399 pp.","Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]","Albrecht, C., Schreiber, K. & Hauffe, T. (2010) Planorbarius corneus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e. T 156083 A 4888895. [downloaded 3 May 2021]"]}

53. Anisus leucostoma (Millet, 1813) Findings in Serbia. Paraspira leucostoma: Hesse (1929). Anisus leucostoma: Jaeckel et al. (1958)., Published as part of Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara & Živić, Ivana, 2021, The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5003 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5120059, {"references":["Millet, P. A. (1813) Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles, observes dans le Departement de Maine et Loire. Pavie, Angers, 82 pp.","Hesse, P. (1929) Schnecken aus dem nordlichen Serbien. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 61 (1), 230 - 240.","Jaeckel, S. V., Klemm, W. & Meise, W. (1958) Die Land und Susswasser-Mollusken der nordlichen Balkanhalbinsel. Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 23, 141 - 205."]}

60. Gyraulus albus (O. F. Müller, 1774) Findings in Serbia. Planorbis albus: Muller, 1774 Möllendorff (1873); Wohlberedt (1909). Gyraulus albu: Hesse (1929); Karaman (2005). Gyraulus (Gyraulus) albus: Karaman (2001); Karaman & Karaman (2007). Common name. White ramshorn. Morphology. Small-sized snail (up to 7 mm diameter). Shell is flat and transparent with radial and spiral sculpture, and characteristic reticulate pattern. Shell has 3–4 whorls, and it is not keeled. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 61, figure at the bottom of the page). Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 1500 m.a.s.l. Inhabits standing and slow-flowing waters with a muddy substrate and plenty of vegetation. Tolerates moderate pollution, yet sensitive to prolonged droughts (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, found in the Danube River, Srebrno jezero Lake, Ludaš Lake, Zasavica Wetland, and in Nišava, Jablanica and Ju&zcaron;na Morava Rivers. Other remarks. The species can be confused with other Gyraulus species if the grid sculpture is not preserved (Glöer 2019). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Seddon 2011 d)., Published as part of Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara & Živić, Ivana, 2021, The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5003 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5120059, {"references":["Mollendorff, O. (1873) Zur Molluskenfauna von Serbien. Malakozoologische Blatter, 21, 129 - 149.","Wohlberedt, O. (1909) Zur Fauna Montenegros und Nord-Albaniens. Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen aus Bosnien und der Herzegowina, 11, 585 - 722. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46222","Hesse, P. (1929) Schnecken aus dem nordlichen Serbien. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 61 (1), 230 - 240.","Karaman, B. (2005) Fauna Gastropoda (Mollusca) sliva Juzne Morave (Srbija i Crna Gora). Crnogorska Akademija nauka i umjetnosti, Glasnik odeljenja prirodnih nauka, 16, 41 - 49. [in Serbian]","Karaman, B. & Karaman, G. (2007) Catalogus of the freshwater snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Serbia. Crnogorska Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti Glasnik Odjeljenja prirodnih nauka, Podgorica, 17, 167 - 222.","Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]","Gloer, P. (2019) The freshwater gastropods of the West-Palaearctis. Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Hetlingen, 399 pp.","Seddon, M. B. (2011 d) Gyraulus albus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2011, e. T 155818 A 4848609. [downloaded 3 May 2021]"]}

50. Ancylus fluviatilis O. F. Müller, 1774 Findings in Serbia. Ancylus fluviatilis: Jaeckel et al. (1958); Jovanovi&cacute; (1995 a, 1995 b, 1998); Reh et al. (1997); Karaman (2001); Karaman & &Zcaron;ivi&cacute; (2001, 2005); Jovi&cacute; et al. (2006); &Zcaron;ivi&cacute; et al. (2006); Karaman & Karaman (2007); &Dstrok;ikanovi&cacute; et al. (2008); Savi&cacute; et al. (2016); Stojanovi&cacute; (2017); &Zcaron;ivi&cacute; (2020). Ancylus capuloides: possible misidentification in Möllendorff (1873). Common name. River limpet. Morphology. Small-sized snail (up to 8 mm long). Shell is flat and translucent with reticulate sculpture. Apex is blunt and slightly bent to the right side, animal is grey. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 48, figure on the top of the page). Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species up to 2300 m.a.s.l (in Serbia up to 1200 m.a.s.l.). Common in clean springs, streams, smaller and medium-sized rivers with hard substrate and high oxygen content (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, one of the most frequent species in the southern hilly-mountainous parts. Reports from the northern, Pannonian part, are scarce, and limited to few streams at Fruška Gora Mtn.. It has been reported from the Iron Gate Danube (Karataš) as well. Other remarks. On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Albrecht et al. 2011). Genus Ferrissia B. Walker, 1903, Published as part of Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara & Živić, Ivana, 2021, The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5003 (1) on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5120059, {"references":["Jaeckel, S. V., Klemm, W. & Meise, W. (1958) Die Land und Susswasser-Mollusken der nordlichen Balkanhalbinsel. Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 23, 141 - 205.","Jovanovic, B. (1995 a) Vodeni puzevi (Gastropoda, Mollusca) podrucja Bora. Zbornik radova Nasa ekoloska istina, 3, 337 - 341. [in Serbian]","Jovanovic, B. (1995 b) Preliminarni prikaz faune Gastropoda (Mollusca) podrucja Bora. Drugi Simpozijum o zastiti karsta, Akademsko speleolosko alpinisticki klub Beograd, Beograd, pp. 235 - 245. [in Serbian]","Jovanovic, B. (1998) Diverzitet faune Gastropoda (Mollusca) Borskog regiona (Srbija). Zbornik radova Ekoloska istina, 6, 239 - 241. [in Serbian]","Reh, Z., Jovanovic, B. & Bobic, M. (1997) Preliminarna hidrobioloska istrazivanja Brestovacke reke. Zbornik radova Nasa ekoloska istina, 5, 126 - 131.","Karaman, B. & Zivic, I. (2001) Fauna Gastropoda (Mollusca) nekih fruskogorskih potoka (Vojvodina, Srbija). Zbornik radova Zasavica 2001, 1, 201 - 207. [in Serbian]","Karaman, B. (2005) Fauna Gastropoda (Mollusca) sliva Juzne Morave (Srbija i Crna Gora). Crnogorska Akademija nauka i umjetnosti, Glasnik odeljenja prirodnih nauka, 16, 41 - 49. [in Serbian]","Jovic, A., Paunovic, M., Stojanovic, B., Milosevic, S. & Nikolic, V. (2006) Aquatic invertebrates of the Ribnica and Lepenica rivers: composition of the community and water quality. Archives of Biological Sciences, 58 (2), 115 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.2298 / ABS 0602115 J","Zivic, I., Markovic, Z. & Brajkovic, M. (2006) Influence of the temperature regime on the composition of the macrozoobenthos community in a thermal brook in Serbia. Biologia, 61 (2), 179 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11756 - 006 - 0029 - 5","Karaman, B. & Karaman, G. (2007) Catalogus of the freshwater snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Serbia. Crnogorska Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti Glasnik Odjeljenja prirodnih nauka, Podgorica, 17, 167 - 222.","Dikanovic, V., Jakovcev-Todorovic, D., Nikolic, V., Paunovic, M. & Cakic, P. (2008) Qualitative composition of communities of aquatic macroinvertebrates along the course of the Golijska Moravica River (West-Central Serbia). Archives of Biological Sciences, 60 (1), 133 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.2298 / ABS 0801133 D","Savic, A., Randelovic, V., Dordevic, M. & Pesic, V. (2016) Assemblages of freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Nisava River, Serbia: ecological factors defining their structure and spatial distribution. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 68 (2), 235 - 242.","Stojanovic, K. Z. (2017) Influence of trout farms on macrozoobenthos communities with special emphasis on larvae of the genus Baetis (Ephemeroptera, Insecta). University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 374 pp. [PhD. thesis, in Serbian]","Zivic, I. (2020) Monitoring of biological, physico-chemical and hydromorphological parameters in order to define reference sites in the Republic of Serbia. Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, sumarstva i vodoprivrede republike Srbije, Beograd, 439 pp. [in Serbian]","Mollendorff, O. (1873) Zur Molluskenfauna von Serbien. Malakozoologische Blatter, 21, 129 - 149.","Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]","Albrecht, C., Seddon, M. B. & Van Damme, D. (2011) Ancylus fluviatilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2011, e. T 156181 A 4919610. [downloaded 3 May 2021]","Walker, B. (1903) Notes on eastern American Ancyli. The Nautilus, 17 (2 / 3), 13 - 19, 25 - 31."]}

56. Anisus vortex (Linnaeus, 1758) Findings in Serbia. Planorbis vortex: Möllendorff (1873). Spiralina vortex compressa: Hesse (1929). Anisus vortex: Frank et al. (1990); Jovanovi&cacute; (1990); Novakovi&cacute; (2014 –2020 pers. comm.); Savi&cacute; et al. (2016). Anisus (Disculifer) vortex: Karaman (2001); Karaman & Karaman (2007). Common name. Whirlpool ramshorn snail. Morphology. Small-sized snail (up to 9 mm diameter). Shell is flattened and slim, strongly keeled. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 59, figure at the bottom of the page). Distribution and ecology. European-Siberian species up to 1000 m.a.s.l. Lives in small stagnant and slowflowing waters rich with vegetation in lowland regions. It can inhabit temporary habitats as well, yet it needs moist substrate preserved during drought periods (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, scarce findings—the Danube River, a few ponds near the Danube, DTD canals, and Plazovi&cacute; and Jezava Rivers. Other remarks. Vulnerable in Austria and Switzerland (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Moorkens et al. 2011)., Published as part of Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara & Živić, Ivana, 2021, The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5003 (1) on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5120059, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Apud J. B. Delamolliere, Detroit, Lugduni, 220 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Mollendorff, O. (1873) Zur Molluskenfauna von Serbien. Malakozoologische Blatter, 21, 129 - 149.","Hesse, P. (1929) Schnecken aus dem nordlichen Serbien. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 61 (1), 230 - 240.","Frank, C., Jungbluth, J. H. & Richnovszky, A. (1990) Die Mollusken der Donau vom Schwarzwald bis zum Schwarzen Meer: eine monographische Darstellung. Akaprint, Budapest, 142 pp.","Jovanovic, B. (1990) Prilog poznavanju faune Gastropoda (Mollusca) Deliblatske pescare. Glasnik Prirodnjackog muzeja, 45, 21 - 26. [in Serbian]","Novakovic, B. (2014) Distribution of the freshwater snail Physella acuta (Dreparnaud, 1805) in the 2009 - 2013 period. \" Zastita voda 2014 \", 2014, 77 - 81.","Savic, A., Randelovic, V., Dordevic, M. & Pesic, V. (2016) Assemblages of freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Nisava River, Serbia: ecological factors defining their structure and spatial distribution. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 68 (2), 235 - 242.","Karaman, B. & Karaman, G. (2007) Catalogus of the freshwater snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Serbia. Crnogorska Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti Glasnik Odjeljenja prirodnih nauka, Podgorica, 17, 167 - 222.","Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]","Moorkens, E., Killeen, I. & Seddon, M. B. (2011) Anisus vortex. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2011, e. T 155613 A 4808390. [downloaded 3 May 2021]"]}

61. Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838) Findings in Serbia. Gyraulus laevis: Jaeckel et al. (1958); Frank et al. (1990); Arambaši&cacute; (1994); Paunovi&cacute; et al. (2012 a); Markovi&cacute; et al. (2013); Novakovi&cacute; (2015 pers. comm.). Gyraulus (Torquis) laevis: Karaman (2001). Common name. Shiny ramshorn, smooth ramshorn. Morphology. Small-sized snail (up to 5 mm diameter). Shell is flat and shiny, irregularly striated without spiral liner or keel. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 63, figure in the middle of the page). Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 1500 m.a.s.l. (in Serbia up to 120 m. a.s.l.) Inhabits standing and slow-flowing waters with a muddy substrate, plenty of vegetation and higher oxygen content (Welter-Schultes 2012). Scarce findings in Serbia include the Danube and Sava Rivers along with some smaller watercourses near Belgrade (Ralja River) and Subotica (Plazovi&cacute; River). Other remarks. The species is quite rare and highly localized across its distribution range. It is critically endangered in Germany and Switzerland, endangered in Ireland, Netherlands, Austria and Poland, vulnerable in Norway and Denmark (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Vavrova et al. 2011 b). Genus Planorbis O. F. Müller, 1773, Published as part of Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara & Živić, Ivana, 2021, The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5003 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5120059, {"references":["Alder, J. (1838) Supplement to a catalogue of the land and fresh-water Testaceous Mollusca, found in the vicinity of Newcastle. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle upon Tyne, 2, 337 - 342.","Jaeckel, S. V., Klemm, W. & Meise, W. (1958) Die Land und Susswasser-Mollusken der nordlichen Balkanhalbinsel. Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 23, 141 - 205.","Frank, C., Jungbluth, J. H. & Richnovszky, A. (1990) Die Mollusken der Donau vom Schwarzwald bis zum Schwarzen Meer: eine monographische Darstellung. Akaprint, Budapest, 142 pp.","Arambasic, M. (1994) Composition and structure of mollusc fauna of the Yugoslav part of the Danube and saprobity estimation. In: Jankovic, D. & Jovicic, M. (Eds.), The Danube in Yugoslavia: Contamination, protection and exploitation. Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stankovic, Beograd, pp. 124 - 130.","Paunovic, M., Tomovic, J., Kovacevic, S., Zoric, K., Zganec, K., Simic, V., Atanackovic, A., Markovic, V., Kracun, M., Hudina, S., Lajtner, J., Gottstein, S. & Lucic, A. (2012 a) Macroinvertebrates of the Natural Substrate of the Sava River - preliminary results. Water Research and Management, 2 (4), 33 - 39.","Markovic, V., Tomovic, J., Kracun, M., Ilic, M., Zoric, K., Vasiljevic, B., Atanackovic, A., Tubic, B. & Paunovic, M. (2013) Freshwater snails in the Belgrade region. \" EcoIst \" 13 \", Conference Proceedings, 21, 296 - 301.","Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]","Vavrova, L., Seddon, M. B. & Killeen, I. (2011 b) Gyraulus laevis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2011, e. T 155828 A 4850378. [downloaded 3 May 2021]","Muller, O. F. (1773 - 1774) Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Vol. 1. Heineck & Faber, Leipzig, 358 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12733"]}

65. Segmentina nitida (O. F. Müller, 1774) Findings in Serbia. Segmentina nitida: Jaeckel et al. (1958); Karaman (2001a); Karaman & Karaman (2007); Rakovi&cacute; (2015); Novakovi&cacute; (2014, 2018, 2019 pers. comm.). Common name. Shining ramshorn snail. Morphology. Small snails, up to 6 mm diameter. Yellow, or brown, shell is flattened, translucent and shiny. Aperture is oblique, umbilicus is wide. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 70, figure on the top of the page). Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species up to 650 m. a.s.l. Lives in stagnant and slow flowing-waters rich in vegetation. Tolerates high humine content and temporary droughts (Welter-Schultes 2012). Scarce findings in Serbia include pools and small ponds in Pan&ccaron;evo and Subotica Municipalities. Most recently it has been recorded in the Danube and Plazovi&cacute; Rivers. Other remarks. Critically endangered in Austria, endangered in Switzerland, vulnerable in Germany and England, rare in Czech Republic (from Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Vinarski 2021). The species is protected on national level (Annex 1-strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016)., Published as part of Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara & Živić, Ivana, 2021, The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5003 (1) on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5120059, {"references":["Jaeckel, S. V., Klemm, W. & Meise, W. (1958) Die Land und Susswasser-Mollusken der nordlichen Balkanhalbinsel. Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 23, 141 - 205.","Karaman, B. (2001 a) Fauna Gastropoda (Mollusca) u plavnim zonama reke Tamis (Srbija). Zbornik radova naucnog skupa \" Zasavica 2001 \", 1, 196 - 200. [in Serbian]","Karaman, B. & Karaman, G. (2007) Catalogus of the freshwater snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Serbia. Crnogorska Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti Glasnik Odjeljenja prirodnih nauka, Podgorica, 17, 167 - 222.","Rakovic, M. (2015) Diversity of Molluscs in the Danube River (1260 - 863.5 rkm) and Taxonomic Analysis of the Genera Planorbarius, Radix, Physella and Ferrissia (Pulmonata: Basommatophora). University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 147 pp. [PhD. thesis, in Serbian]","Novakovic, B. (2014) Distribution of the freshwater snail Physella acuta (Dreparnaud, 1805) in the 2009 - 2013 period. \" Zastita voda 2014 \", 2014, 77 - 81.","Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]","Vinarski, M. V. (2021) Segmentina nitida. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2021, e. T 177076848 A 176939581. [down- loaded 3 May 2021] https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2021 - 1. RLTS. T 177076848 A 176939581. en"]}

64. Hippeutis complanatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Findings in Serbia. Hippeutis complanatus: Hesse (1929); Karaman (2001); Karaman & Karaman (2007); Novakovi&cacute; (2016 pers. comm.); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.). Common name. Flat ramshorn. Morphology. Small snails, up to 5 mm diameter. Flattened and shiny translucent shell is finely striated and consists of 3–4 rapidly increasing whorls. The last whorl is large and medial keeled. Umbilicus is 1/6–1/4 of shell diameter. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 65, figure at the bottom of the page). Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 1100 m.a.s.l. Inhabits stagnant and slow-flowing waters rich in vegetation. Does not tolerate droughts (Welter-Schultes 2012). Rare in Serbia, it was recorded in the Danube, Jezava and Plazovi&cacute; Rivers, and a small pond near the Nera River (Bela Crkva Municipality). Other remarks. Due to threatened and polluted habitats the species has scarce findings across its distribution range. Considered as vulnerable species in Austria and Switzerland (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Killeen & Seddon 2011 b). Genus Segmentina J. Fleming, 1818, Published as part of Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara & Živić, Ivana, 2021, The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 5003 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5120059, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Apud J. B. Delamolliere, Detroit, Lugduni, 220 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Hesse, P. (1929) Schnecken aus dem nordlichen Serbien. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 61 (1), 230 - 240.","Karaman, B. & Karaman, G. (2007) Catalogus of the freshwater snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Serbia. Crnogorska Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti Glasnik Odjeljenja prirodnih nauka, Podgorica, 17, 167 - 222.","Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]","Killeen, I. & Seddon, M. B. (2011 b) Hippeutis complanatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2011, e. T 155940 A 4870303. [downloaded 3 May 2021]"]}

Rogers, D. Christopher, Cruz-Rivera, Edwin (2021): A preliminary survey of the inland aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity of St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands. Journal of Natural History 55 (13-14): 799-850, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1923850, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1923850

Background The Lake Victoria basin is one of the most persistent hotspots of schistosomiasis in Africa, the intestinal form of the disease being studied more often than the urogenital form. Most schistosomiasis studies have been directed to Schistosoma mansoni and their corresponding intermediate snail hosts of the genus Biomphalaria, while neglecting S. haematobium and their intermediate snail hosts of the genus Bulinus. In the present study, we used DNA sequences from part of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region to investigate Bulinus populations obtained from a longitudinal survey in Lake Victoria and neighbouring systems during 2010–2019. Methods Sequences were obtained to (i) determine specimen identities, diversity and phylogenetic positions, (ii) reconstruct phylogeographical affinities, and (iii) determine the population structure to discuss the results and their implications for the transmission and epidemiology of urogenital schistosomiasis in Lake Victoria. Results Phylogenies, species delimitation methods (SDMs) and statistical parsimony networks revealed the presence of two main groups of Bulinus species occurring in Lake Victoria; B. truncatus/B. tropicus complex with three species (B. truncatus, B. tropicus and Bulinus sp. 1), dominating the lake proper, and a B. africanus group, prevalent in banks and marshes. Although a total of 47 cox1 haplotypes, were detected within and outside Lake Victoria, there was limited haplotype sharing (only Haplotype 6 was shared between populations from Lake Victoria open waters and neighbouring aquatic systems) – an indication that haplotypes are specific to habitats. Conclusions The Bulinus fauna of Lake Victoria consists of at least B. truncatus, B. tropicus, Bulinus sp. 1 (B. trigonus?) and B. ugandae. The occurrence and wide distribution of Bulinus species in Lake Victoria potentially implies the occurrence of urogenital schistosomiasis in communities living along the shores and on islands of the lake who depend solely on the lake for their livelihood. More in-depth studies are needed to obtain a better picture of the extent of the disease in the Lake Victoria basin.

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The Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia is a crucial freshwater biodiversity hotspot and supports one of the world’s largest inland fisheries. Within the Tonle Sap basin, freshwater molluscs provide vital ecosystem services and are among the fauna targetted for commercial harvesting. Despite their importance, freshwater molluscs of the Tonle Sap basin remain poorly studied. The historical literature was reviewed and at least 153 species of freshwater molluscs have been previously recorded from throughout Cambodia, including 33 from the Tonle Sap basin. Surveys of the Tonle Sap Lake and surrounding watershed were also conducted and found 31 species, 15 bivalves (five families) and 16 gastropods (eight families), in the Tonle Sap basin, including three new records for Cambodia (Scaphula minuta, Novaculina siamensis, Wattebledia siamensis), the presence of globally invasive Pomacea maculata and potential pest species like Limnoperna fortunei. This study represents the most comprehensive documentation of freshwater molluscs of the Tonle Sap basin, and voucher specimens deposited at the Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Cambodia, represent the first known reference collection of freshwater molluscs in the country. In order to combat the combined anthropogenic pressures, including invasive species, climate change and dams along the Mekong River, a multi-pronged approach is urgently required to study the biodiversity, ecology, ecosystem functioning of freshwater molluscs and other aquatic fauna in the Tonle Sap basin.

A new fossil species of Biomphalaria Preston is described for the Upper Cretaceous of Uruguay (Queguay Formation). The new species is characterized by a conspicuous spiral ornamentation, a unique character within the genus. This new Biomphalaria species is the third known for the Queguay Formation, in addition to B. walteri (Parodiz) and B. reversa Cabrera, Martínez and Norbis. They represent the oldest record of this genus worldwide.