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The achatinellid Pacificella variabilis Odhner, 1922, is reported for the first time since its original description from its type locality, Easter Island (Rapa Nui), South Pacific Ocean, Chile. Specimens were found living on the bark of a lemon tree in Hanga Roa town and among the endemic grass Paspalum forsterianum on Motu Nui Islet. A redescription of the shell based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is provided. This represents the first report of the habitat of the species on Easter Island.

Among the terrestrial invertebrates, the molluscan species of central and northern Chile have been scarcely studied and here, for the first time, a record of the diversity of land snail species of Los Molles (32◦14' S, 71◦31' W), in the Valparaiso region, central Chile is reported. Four species were found: Chiliborus rosaceus (King & Broderip, 1831); Lilloiconcha lopezi Araya & Aliaga, 2015; Plectostylus chilensis (Lesson, 1830), and Plectostylus reflexus (Pfeiffer, 1842); all of them are ground dwelling snails, endemic, occurring in small geographical ranges or in fragmented populations along northern and central Chile; L. lopezi is an endemic species to Los Molles. The geographic distribution records of P. chilensis and P. reflexus are also extended and illustrations of the species and distribution records are presented. The areas around Los Molles harbor a comparatively high diversity of plants and invertebrates, and they should be considered in future conservation efforts.

The widespread sea hare species Aplysia parvula includes four genetically distinct lineages, containing a total of ten different species. While the four lineages can be differentiated by their external characteristics, species in each clade are often morphologically indistinguishable. A review of literature and type material revealed that several available names exist for species recognized herein: Aplysia parvula is retained for a species from the north-eastern Atlantic; A. atromarginata, A. elongata, A. nigrocincta and A. japonica are resurrected for species from the western Pacific Ocean, the Hawaiian Islands, the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, and Japan and Korea, respectively. Two new species names are introduced for animals from the eastern Pacific, and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Mitochondrial sequences from Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic specimens identified as A. parvula, resulted to be A. punctata. However, two specimens were heterozygotes of histone H3 alleles of A. punctata and of a new Atlantic species described herein, suggesting they could be hybrids. These results contradict the hypothesis that the Mediterranean was colonized by A. parvula. If an invasion occurred, it was a limited introgression of nDNA from an Atlantic species into native A. punctata populations.

Nuevas adiciones a la fauna de moluscos de tierra del Archipiélago de Juan Fernández (Chile) se presentan por primera vez desde o dhner (1922). Los ejemplares fueron colectados incidentales a especies de artrópodos obtenidas por el método Berlese en la Isla de Robinson Crusoe en 2011. Un nuevo género y especie de Charopidae es descrito: Neoparyphantopsis crusoeana gen. y sp. n.; se establece además un nuevo nombre para el achatinélido Tornatellina aperta o dhner 1922 (non Tornatellina aperta P eaSe 1864); se propone una nueva combinación para Punctum conicum o dhner 1922, transfiriendo esta especie desde el género Punctum MorSe 1864 de la familia Punctidae al género Sinployea S oleM 1983, de la familia Charopidae; y cinco especies pertenecientes a los géneros Amphidoxa a lberS 1850, Fernandezia h yatt & P ilSbry 1911, Sinployea S oleM 1983 y Tornatellina P FeiFFer 1842 son re-descritas. También se registra la primera ocurrencia de una espe - cie de molusco Vertiginidae en Chile. Todas las especies estudiadas son, hasta el momento, endémicas al Archipiélago de Juan Fernández. El presente trabajo confirma el status de la Isla Robinson Crusoe como la comuna con la mayor riqueza de moluscos terrestres en Chile relativa a su área. New additions to the land mollusk fauna of the Juan Fernández Archipelago (Chile) are presented for the first time since o dhner (1922). The specimens were collected incidental to arthropod species obtained by the Berlese method in Robinson Crusoe Island in 2011. A new Charopidae Neoparyphantopsis crusoeana gen. and sp. n. is described. A new name is established for the achatinellid Tornatellina aperta o dhner 1922 (non Tornatellina aperta P eaSe 1864). A new combination is proposed for Punctum conicum o dhner 1922, transferring this species from the genus Punctum MorSe 1864 of family Punctidae to the genus Sinployea SoleM 1983, of the family Charopidae; and five species belonging to the genera Amphidoxa a lberS 1850, Fernandezia h yatt & P ilSbry 1911, Sinployea S oleM 1983 and Tornatellina P FeiFFer 1842 are re-described. Also, the first occurrence of a Vertiginidae species in Chile is recorded. All of the studied taxa are so far endemic to the Juan Fernández Archipelago. The present paper confirms the status of Robinson Crusoe Island as the commune with the richest fauna of terrestrial snails in Chile relative to its area. Fil: Miquel, Sergio Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ; Argentina Fil: Araya, Juan Francisco. Universidad de Atacama; Chile

A new introduced species, Otala punctata (Muller, 1774) and new records in Chile for Cornu aspersum (Muller, 1774) and Deroceras laeve (Muller, 1774) are documented based on surveys carried out in northern and central areas of the country. The presence and distribution of these alien species are complemented with a comprehensive compilation of all 34 non-indigenous species of marine, freshwater and terrestrial Mollusca in Chile; until 1999, only 16 alien species were known in Chile. Most of these alien species are found exclusively in transformed habitats, few exist in natural environments. The mechanism of introduction for the majority of these non-indigenous species is unknown; however, horticultural development, urban and suburban transformation of original natural habitats, and the aquarium trade are the most likely pathways of introduction. The highest threat of alien species is direct competition and predation of native molluscs, especially the small native land gastropods. Education and continuous ...

Se presentan nuevos registros para Bostryx holostoma (Pfeiffer, 1846), Pupoides minimus (Philippi, 1860), Stephacharopa calderaensis Miquel y Araya, 2013 y una especie no identificada de la familia Charopidae, basados en ejemplares recolectados cerca de la ciudad de Antofagasta, en el norte de Chile. Se presenta el primer registro de S. calderaensis desde su descripción, extendiendo su distribución conocida hacia el norte en cerca de 350 km. Se presentan además detalles de la protoconcha de B. holostoma que también extiende su intervalo de distribución 145 km al sur. El microhábitat de estas especies en litorrefugios podría explicar la presencia de estos pequeños moluscos terrestres en el hiperárido norte chileno, destacando asimismo la necesidad de estudios adicionales en esta fauna poca conocida. New records for Bostryx holostoma (Pfeiffer, 1846), Pupoides minimus (Philippi, 1860), Stephacharopa calderaensis Miquel & Araya, 2013 and an unidentified charopid species are presented on the basis of specimens collected near the city of Antofagasta, in northern Chile. This is the first record for S. calderaensis after its description, extending its known distribution about 350 km northwards. Details on the protoconch of B. holostoma are presented for the first time, and this species extends its distributional range 145 km southwards. The microhabitat of these species in litho-refugia may explain the presence of these minute terrestrial mollusks in hyper arid northern Chile, further highlighting the need of additional studies of this neglected fauna. Fil: Araya, Juan Francisco. Universidad de Atacama; Chile. Universidad de Concepción; Chile Fil: Miquel, Sergio Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ; Argentina Fil: Martínez, Edmundo. Antofagasta Minerals; Chile

A new species of the genus Aeneator Finlay, 1926 is described from off the coast of Caldera (27°S), northern Chile. Aeneator martae sp. n. has a small, broad, stout, angulated shell with more prominent axial ribs and a more obviously keeled periphery than all previously named Chilean species. Comparisons are provided with all other South American named species of Aeneator.

We describe a new fossil littorinid species, Echinolittorina nielseni sp. nov., from the Quaternary Caldera Strata, Region de Atacama, northern Chile. Fossils of littorinids are globally rare because of their high-intertidal habitat on rocky shores. The new species has a large, broad shell with strong spiral ribs and an angled periphery, differing from the two living littorinids currently found along the coasts of mainland Chile and from all the extant species distributed in the southeastern Pacific. In comparison with the living Chilean Echinolittorina peruviana, the new species shows stronger ribs and more inflated whorls, but they share an unusual detail in the irregular arrangement of spiral sculpture. We hypothesize that the new species may be ancestral or sister to E. peruviana and discuss the adaptive significance of shell sculpture.

The molluscan diversity of deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems in Japan has been in general well documented with about 80 described species, of which over half are gastropods (Sasaki et al. 2005; Fujikura et al. 2012; Sasaki et al. 2016). Recently, however, a number of novel hydrothermal vent sites were discovered in the area using multibeam echo-sounding (Nakamura et al. 2015), providing opportunities for new discoveries. As a part of ongoing studies documenting the biodiversity of such sites, we present the first record of Columbellidae from hydrothermal vents, with a new species recovered from Natsu and Aki sites, in the Iheya North hydrothermal field (for map and background on the vent field see Nakamura et al. 2015).

A new species ofScutalusAlbers, 1850 (Gastropoda: Bulimulidae),Scutalus changosp. n., is described from a coastal area of northern Chile. Empty shells of this new species were found buried in sand and under boulders and rocks in the foothills of the Chilean Coastal Range at Paposo, Región de Antofagasta. This new species is distinguished from all other Chilean terrestrial snails by its slender shell with a flared and reflected aperture, and by the presence of a columellar fold. This is the first record ofScutalusin Chile, and the southernmost record for this endemic South American bulimulid genus. The presence of this species in Paposo highlights the need for further research and for conservation guidelines in coastal areas of northern Chile, which have comparatively high levels of biodiversity and endemism.

Marine mollusks from northern Chile and from the Region de Atacama in particular have been sparsely documented, and only a few works have reviewed the area (see Araya & Araya, 2015; Labrin et al. 2015; Araya & Valdes 2016). Mollusks from deep water and offshore areas are one of the least known groups and, apart from some classic works from the 19th century, only McLean (1970), Bernard (1983), Veliz and Vasquez (2000), Fraussen & Haddorn (2000), Houart (2003), Vilvens & Sellanes (2010), and Araya (2013) have included deep-water molluscan species from northern Chile. Among the Neogastropoda, the Columbellidae constitute a quite diverse and well-distributed family of small snails, with about seven hundred extant species distributed in 70 genera (deMaintenon, 2014). Most columbellids are active epibenthic carnivores or scavengers; their shells are small, normally between 3 and 20 mm in height and they can have determinate growth, with many adult shells presenting a thickened outer lip with denticles on the interior surface (Squires, 2015). In the southeastern Pacific off Chile this family is represented by only 14 species, all from shallow water, mostly found in the northern and central parts of the country (Valdovinos, 1999).

The coast of northern Chile has been sparsely studied in regards to its invertebrate fauna, with just a few works reviewing the distribution of local mollusks. This work presents a survey of the shallow water heterobranch sea slugs currently occurring around the port of Caldera (27 °S), in the Región de Atacama, northern Chile. Eight species of sea slugs were found in this study:Aplysiopsiscf.brattstroemi(Marcus, 1959),Baptodoris peruviana(d’Orbigny, 1837),Diaulula variolata(d’Orbigny, 1837),Doris fontainiid’Orbigny, 1837,Onchidella marginata(Couthouy in Gould, 1852),Phidiana lottini(Lesson, 1831),Tyrinna delicata(Abraham, 1877) and the new speciesBerthella schroedlisp. nov., described herein. All of the species found in the area are endemic to South America, having distributions in the southeastern Pacific and South Atlantic Oceans, from Ancash, Perú to Peninsula Valdés, Argentina, and two of them represent species which are endemic to the Chilean coasts (Aplysiopsiscf.brattstroemiandBerthella schroedli). The finding of a previously undescribed species emphasizes the need of further surveys, particularly in subtidal and deeper waters, in order to improve the knowledge on this neglected fauna in Atacama.