1. Dietary intake and nutritional deficiencies in patients with diabetic or idiopathic gastroparesis.
- Author
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Parkman HP, Yates KP, Hasler WL, Nguyan L, Pasricha PJ, Snape WJ, Farrugia G, Calles J, Koch KL, Abell TL, McCallum RW, Petito D, Parrish CR, Duffy F, Lee L, Unalp-Arida A, Tonascia J, and Hamilton F
- Subjects
- Adult, Avitaminosis etiology, Body Weight, Diabetes Complications, Dietary Supplements, Female, Gastric Emptying, Gastroparesis diet therapy, Humans, Iron Deficiencies, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Potassium Deficiency epidemiology, Prospective Studies, Referral and Consultation statistics & numerical data, Severity of Illness Index, Surveys and Questionnaires, Zinc deficiency, Avitaminosis epidemiology, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Gastroparesis complications, Gastroparesis etiology, Registries
- Abstract
Background & Aims: Gastroparesis can lead to food aversion, poor oral intake, and subsequent malnutrition. We characterized dietary intake and nutritional deficiencies in patients with diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis., Methods: Patients with gastroparesis on oral intake (N = 305) were enrolled in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Gastroparesis Registry and completed diet questionnaires at 7 centers. Medical history, gastroparesis symptoms, answers to the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire, and gastric emptying scintigraphy results were analyzed., Results: Caloric intake averaged 1168 ± 801 kcal/day, amounting to 58% ± 39% of daily total energy requirements (TER). A total of 194 patients (64%) reported caloric-deficient diets, defined as <60% of estimated TER. Only 5 patients (2%) followed a diet suggested for patients with gastroparesis. Deficiencies were present in several vitamins and minerals; patients with idiopathic disorders were more likely to have diets with estimated deficiencies in vitamins A, B(6), C, K, iron, potassium, and zinc than diabetic patients. Only one-third of patients were taking multivitamin supplements. More severe symptoms (bloating and constipation) were characteristic of patients who reported an energy-deficient diet. Overall, 32% of patients had nutritional consultation after the onset of gastroparesis; consultation was more likely among patients with longer duration of symptoms and more hospitalizations and patients with diabetes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that nutritional consultation increased the chances that daily TER were met (odds ratio, 1.51; P = .08)., Conclusions: Many patients with gastroparesis have diets deficient in calories, vitamins, and minerals. Nutritional consultation is obtained infrequently but is suggested for dietary therapy and to address nutritional deficiencies., (Copyright © 2011 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
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