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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide public health issue specifically in patients with chronic diseases associated with a western lifestyle, such as metabolic diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Interestingly, both metabolic disorders and IBD are characterized by a chronic state of inflammation that contributes to the carcinogenesis with specific alteration of the gut microbiota composition and function. Evidence now shows that this altered gut microbiota contributes fueling a chronic pro-inflammatory state in a vicious circle that can favor CRC development. In this review article, we present the current knowledge concerning the involvement of the gut microbiota as a procarcinogenic factor shared by IBD and cardiometabolic diseases, and provide clues as to how it may be used to prevent or diagnose CRC., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest N.B. received lecture fees from Tillots Pharma and travel grants from Pfizer, participated on an adivisory board for Ferring Pharmaceuticals with payment to his institution, is a PI of a clinical trial supported by Exeliom Biosciences. GI has received personal fees for acting as speaker for Alfa Sigma, Biocodex, Illumina, Malesci, Sofar and Tillotts Pharma, and for acting as consultant/advisor for Biocodex, Malesci, and Tillots Pharma. The other authors have no potential competing interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)