67 results on '"Garbage Collectors"'
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2. Object Memory Verification in Virtual Machines
- Author
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Igor Petrov
- Subjects
object memory verification ,virtual machines ,garbage collectors ,memory management ,java ,allocators ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
In this paper we discuss object memory heap verification algorithms of the Java virtual machine and developed and implemented a proprietary object memory verification algorithm. This verification algorithm iterates over all heap objects, after which it applies two stages of checking references to other objects in the object memory of the virtual machine with special verification functions. At the first stage, it is checked that the reference to references to the memory area allocated by some allocator (a special component of the virtual machine that allocates memory for its various structures). At the second stage, knowing to which memory area allocated by some allocator the checked reference belongs, it is determined directly by the correct given reference. These stages of the verifier can be applied before and after the garbage collector by the options given when starting the virtual machine. This algorithm allows us to check that the garbage collector and other virtual machine components that interact with the object heap are working correctly with virtual memory. The developed tool is already used by the company's developers to debug run-time errors and identify shortcomings in working with objects in the program source code. To check the correctness of verification, a set of unit tests was implemented that covers many situations of working with the memory of a virtual machine, both correct and deliberately erroneous. This verifier can be improved to increase the speed of the virtual machine and reduce the impact on its operation.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Caméra aux poings. Images dans la grève : des usages pluriels dans la lutte syndicale
- Author
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Jordane Burnot and Lina Cardenas
- Subjects
strike ,documentary ,social intervention film ,medias ,visual sociology ,garbage collectors ,Social Sciences - Abstract
This work intends to provide lines of thought in order to feed the work on the iconographic construction of collective mobilizations. More specifically, it will retrace the plurality of uses of images during the strike of Lyon’s garbage collectors in April 2019 supported by the Union Syndicale Solidaires (USS). This tool for representing the conflict is invested by the strikers and by the supporters, thus making social networks a space for mobilization in itself. The image produced becomes an essential media counterpoint to make the strikers’ demands visible. In the same way, the image will move to the courts when the employer takes the dispute to court and will support the arguments on either side of the parties. Finally, the activists take ownership of the images shot during the mobilization to make a documentary and training materials with the aim of developing the trade unionism carried by the USS activists.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The use of new technologies in safety and health protection of waste pickers
- Author
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Trajano Felipe Barrabas Xavier da Silva, Humberto Costa, Marcelo Ribeiro, and Sara Rodrigues
- Subjects
waste collectors ,waste pickers ,garbage collectors ,technology ,occupational health ,safety ,Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention ,T55-55.3 ,Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare ,HD7260-7780.8 - Abstract
Solid waste production grows annually, reaching 2.2 billion tons per year in 2025. While in some developed countries more than 60% of the waste is sent to landfills, in developing countries the destination is still observed from waste to landfills or open burning, while concern about recycling remains without consolidated government actions or other mitigating actions. In countries such as Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, recycling is carried out by recyclers or urban recyclers, informal workers who take up this activity due to unemployment and poverty in these regions. Due to the problems involved in the entire collection and recycling process, it is essential to use technologies that favor the professional practice of collectors of recyclable materials, combining popular knowledge with scientific technical knowledge, social organization and society participation, of better health and occupational conditions for this range of society. Thus, a systematic review is proposed to identify the use of technologies that contribute to the improvement of the health and safety conditions of solid waste handlers after their conventional disposal. So, following the preferential reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P), this systematic review protocol was developed with the objective of presenting suitable guidelines for the development of a research that can provide results to meet the goal sought. Five databases will be accessed (SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCOhost and Web of Science) and a total of 9 keyword combinations will be used.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. "O motor é a gente mesmo": cuidado em saúde dos trabalhadores da reciclagem.
- Author
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Filipak, André, Stefanello, Sabrina, Midori Okada, Jaqueline, Hennings Hunzicker, Marian, and Dantas dos Santos, Deivisson Vianna
- Subjects
SOCIAL norms ,SANITATION workers ,SOCIAL history ,MEDICAL care ,SOLID waste - Abstract
Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Photo workshop as a device for analyzing garbage collection activity
- Author
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Aguiar, Emanuelle, Silva, Cláudia Osório da, and Louback, Alessandra
- Subjects
oficina de fotos ,collecteurs de déchets ,coletores de lixo ,clinique de l’activité ,activity clinic ,clínica da atividade ,photo workshop ,garbage collectors ,atelier photos - Abstract
Résumé L’article présente une expérience d’analyse des activités du travailleur de la collecte des déchets dans une ville, basée sur le dispositif de l’Atelier photo et ayant comme référence théorique la Clinique de l’Activité. L’objectif de l’étude est d’analyser l’activité des travailleurs exerçant le métier d’éboueurs dans une ville de l’État de Rio de Janeiro. L’Atelier photo a été choisi comme dispositif de recherche et d’intervention afin d’utiliser les images comme déclencheurs de la coanalyse du travail, faisant émerger une réalité collective, présente dans toutes les activités de travail. L’objectif de ce dispositif est de déclencher, à partir de la production d’images, des questions et des réflexions sur l’activité de travail. En ce sens, à travers les résultats recueillis lors de cette recherche et intervention, il est devenu évident que l’Atelier photo peut être un dispositif possible dans le développement du pouvoir d’agir des travailleurs, permettant ainsi des échanges collectifs, le genre professionnel étant un instrument décisif du pouvoir d’agir des personnes impliquées. Abstract The article presents an experience of analysis of the activities of the garbage collection worker in a city, based on the device of the Photo Workshop and having as a theoretical reference the Clinic of the Activity. The focus of the study is on the analysis of the activity of workers who work as garbage collectors in a city in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The Photo Workshop was chosen as a research and intervention device in order to use the images as triggers for the co-analysis of the work, giving rise to a collective reality, present in all work activities. The purpose of this device is to trigger, from the production of images, questions and reflections about the work activity. In this sense, through the results collected from this research and intervention, it became evident that the Photo Workshop can be a possible device in the development of the workers’ power to act, thus enabling collective exchanges, with the professional genre being a decisive instrument of the workers’ power to act. involved. Resumo O artigo apresenta uma experiência de análise das atividades do trabalhador de coleta de lixo em uma cidade, com base no dispositivo de Oficina de fotos e tendo como referência teórica a Clínica da Atividade. O foco do estudo está na análise da atividade dos trabalhadores que exercem o ofício de coletores de lixo, em uma cidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A Oficina de fotos foi escolhida como dispositivo de pesquisa e intervenção a fim de utilizar as imagens como disparadores da co-análise do trabalho, fazendo emergir uma realidade coletiva, presente em todas as atividades de trabalho. O objetivo desse dispositivo é disparar, a partir da produção de imagens, questionamentos e reflexões acerca da atividade de trabalho. Nesse sentido, através dos resultados coletados desta pesquisa e intervenção, ficou evidenciado que a Oficina de Fotos pode ser um dispositivo possível no desenvolvimento do poder de agir dos trabalhadores, possibilitando assim intercâmbios coletivos, sendo o gênero profissional um instrumento decisivo do poder de agir dos envolvidos.
- Published
- 2023
7. Effects of Occupational Exposures on the Lung Functions and Quality of Life of Garbage Collectors in the Urban Area.
- Author
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Kulkarni, Madhur S. and Pingale, Deepali P.
- Subjects
- *
LUNG diseases , *MATHEMATICAL statistics , *METROPOLITAN areas , *NONPARAMETRIC statistics , *QUALITY of life , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *WASTE management , *PULMONARY function tests , *SPIROMETRY , *T-test (Statistics) , *OCCUPATIONAL hazards , *ENVIRONMENTAL exposure , *PARAMETERS (Statistics) , *CROSS-sectional method , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MANN Whitney U Test , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background: The present study was aimed to investigate the lung functions and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of garbage collection workers of the urban cities in India. Study Setting: Urban city in India. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study encompassed 110 participants, 55 garbage collection workers in a garbage depot in the urban city of India and 55 age-matched control group volunteering to participate in the study. Assessment of the lung function was done by using computerized spirometry and HRQoL with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: Various statistical measures such as mean, standard deviations (SD), test of significance were utilized to analyze the data. Parametric data were analyzed by unpaired t-test and nonparametric data by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A statistically significant difference was seen in the lung functions and quality of life in garbage collection workers except for the psychological component of WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a greater impairment in the lung functions of garbage collection workers as compared to that of normal individuals. Moreover, the quality of life is lower in garbage workers than that of normal individuals considering the physical, social, and environmental aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. 'Lower than a Snake's Belly': Discursive Constructions of Dignity and Heroism in Low-Status Garbage Work.
- Author
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Hamilton, Peter, Redman, Tom, and McMurray, Robert
- Subjects
DIGNITY ,SANITATION workers ,SOCIAL status ,WORK environment ,SEMI-structured interviews ,DISCOURSE ,PROFESSIONAL identity ,ATTITUDES toward work - Abstract
In this paper, we consider how dignity is discursively constructed in the context of work dominated by physicality and dirt. Based on semi-structured interviews with garbage workers, our analysis considers how the deprivations they experience are cast through discourses intended to construct their individual and collective worth. We consider the manner in which dignity maybe denied to such workers through popular repudiations of individuality and status. We demonstrate how this positioning arises from contact with physical dirt, and associations with socially dirty work based on ascriptions of servility, abuse and ambivalence. We go on to consider how garbage workers respond to this positioning through discourses of 'everyday heroism'. Heroism is evoked through three inter-related narratives that speaks to a particular type of masculinity. The first takes the form of a classic process of reframing and recalibration through which workers not only renegotiate their public position and status, but also point to the inherent value to be had in working with dirt as part of that which we identify as a process of 'affirmation'. The second narrative arises from the imposition of favourable social and occupational comparisons that effectively elevate garbage collectors' social position. The third discourse—and previously unobserved in respect of garbage work—centres on paternalistic practices of care. Combined, these discourses disrupt the generally held view that dirty work is antithetical to heroism and wounds dignity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. "Aqui tem que ter atividade mesmo, nesse trabalho tem que ser ligado": Riscos, implicações e estratégias de defesa para a saúde de coletores de lixo domiciliar.
- Author
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Pereira de Souza, Celiana, da Silva Araújo, Anísio José, and César Zambroni-de-Souza, Paulo
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Psicologia. Organizacoes e Trabalho is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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10. ¿Qué formas del trabajo al engagement en el 'trabajo sucio' de un recolector de basura? Un acercamiento a través de la sociología de la actividad
- Author
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Bouville, Gregor, Le Lay, Stéphane, Mahut, Dominique, Laboratoire de Recherche Magellan, Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon, Institut de psychodynamique du travail (IPDT), Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
work engagement ,méthodes mixtes ,mixed methods ,dirty work ,sociologie de l’activité ,engagement au travail ,sale boulot ,éboueurs ,work relationship ,rapport au travail ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,workplace studies ,garbage collectors ,typology ,typologie - Abstract
International audience; The objective of our research is to understand the forms that work engagement can take in a low-valued profession such as that of garbage collector. In this article, work engagement of garbage collectors is discussed with reference to the work of Alexandra Bidet. Through a mixed methodology, we explore how garbage collectors develop internal and external valuations in the relationship they have with their activities. A typological analysis makes it possible to grasp the diversity of the types of work engagement, referring to its sociological dimension: cooperation, appropriation of autonomy, mobilization of the body, technicality, and forms of adherence to professional standards. This original approach to work engagement criticizes its approach in management science, where work engagement is often understood from the perspective of a worker idealized by the employer rather than that of the actual worker.; L’objectif de notre recherche est de comprendre les formes que peut revêtir l’engagement au travail dans un métier peu valorisé comme celui d’éboueur. Dans cet article, l’engagement au travail des éboueurs est abordé en référence aux travaux d’Alexandra Bidet. Au travers d’une méthodologie mixte, nous explorons la façon dont les éboueurs élaborent des sources de valorisations internes et externes dans le rapport qu’ils entretiennent avec leurs activités. Une analyse typologique permet de saisir la diversité des modes d’engagement dans le travail, renvoyant à sa dimension sociologique : coopération, appropriation de l’autonomie, mobilisation du corps, technicité et formes d’adhésion aux normes professionnelles. Cette approche originale de l’engagement au travail critique son abord en sciences de gestion, l’engagement au travail y étant souvent appréhendé du point de vue d’un travailleur idéalisé par l’employeur plutôt que celui du travailleur réel.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. DISPUTAS EN TORNO AL USO DEL ESPACIO PÚBLICO EN BUENOS AIRES.
- Author
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Perelman, Mariano D.
- Abstract
Copyright of Caderno CRH is the property of Universidade Federal da Bahia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
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12. Assessment of Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Functional Impairments among a Group of Garbage Collectors
- Author
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Farshid Khodaparast, Masoud Neghab, Jafar Hassanzadeh, and Fardad Ahmadzadeh
- Subjects
Garbage Collectors ,Pulmonary Function Tests ,Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Respiratory Symptoms ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Garbage collectors areoccupationally exposed to a variety of airborne contaminants. The mainobjective of this study was to evaluate the respiratory health of garbagecollectors. This study was carried out in Fars Province, south of Iran. A groupof 105 garbage collectors and 93 referent subjects were investigated. Astandard questionnaire was administered to both groups. Furthermore, subjectsunderwent Pulmonary Function Tests. The data revealed that a few symptoms ofrespiratory disease were significantly more prevalent among garbage collectors.Likewise, significant decrements were observed in some parameters of pulmonaryfunction such as FEV1and FEV1/FVC ratio among garbage collectors. Theventilatory disorder found in spirometry of garbage collectors was consistentwith that of obstructive pulmonary disease. Our findings indicate that theprevalence of respiratory symptoms as well as impaired lung functionalcapacities were more common among garbage collectors than in their controlcounterparts. This is likely to be attributed to the occupational exposure ofthis group to workplace contaminants, particularly, bioaerosols.
- Published
- 2013
13. Caméra aux poings. Images dans la grève : des usages pluriels dans la lutte syndicale
- Author
-
Burnot, Jordane and Cardenas, Lina
- Subjects
sociologie visuelle ,social intervention film ,médias ,éboueurs ,documentary ,medias ,grève ,cinéma d’intervention social ,trade unionism ,documentaire ,strike ,visual sociology ,garbage collectors ,syndicalisme - Abstract
Ce travail entend apporter des pistes de réflexion afin de nourrir les travaux sur la construction iconographique des mobilisations collectives. Il s’agira plus particulièrement de retracer la pluralité d’usages des images lors de la grève des éboueurs·euses lyonnais·ses en avril 2019 soutenue par l’Union syndicale Solidaires (USS). Cet outil de représentation du conflit est investi par les grévistes et par les soutiens faisant ainsi des réseaux sociaux un espace de mobilisation en soi. L’image produite devient également un contrepoint médiatique essentiel pour rendre visibles les revendications des grévistes. De même, l’image va se déplacer dans les tribunaux lors de la judiciarisation du conflit par l’employeur pour appuyer les arguments de part et d’autre des parties. Pour finir, les militants s’approprient des images tournées pendant la mobilisation pour faire un documentaire et des supports de formation dans l’objectif de développer le syndicalisme porté par les militants de l’USS. This work intends to provide lines of thought in order to feed the work on the iconographic construction of collective mobilizations. More specifically, it will retrace the plurality of uses of images during the strike of Lyon’s garbage collectors in April 2019 supported by the Union Syndicale Solidaires (USS). This tool for representing the conflict is invested by the strikers and by the supporters, thus making social networks a space for mobilization in itself. The image produced becomes an essential media counterpoint to make the strikers’ demands visible. In the same way, the image will move to the courts when the employer takes the dispute to court and will support the arguments on either side of the parties. Finally, the activists take ownership of the images shot during the mobilization to make a documentary and training materials with the aim of developing the trade unionism carried by the USS activists.
- Published
- 2022
14. Effects of Occupational Exposures on the Lung Functions and Quality of Life of Garbage Collectors in the Urban Area
- Author
-
Deepali P Pingale and Madhur S Kulkarni
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Cross-sectional study ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Medicine ,Urban area ,lung functions ,Occupational safety and health ,Test (assessment) ,Quality of life ,quality of life ,Environmental health ,Quality (business) ,Original Article ,garbage collectors ,Psychology ,Garbage ,media_common ,Garbage collection - Abstract
Background: The present study was aimed to investigate the lung functions and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of garbage collection workers of the urban cities in India. Study Setting: Urban city in India. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study encompassed 110 participants, 55 garbage collection workers in a garbage depot in the urban city of India and 55 age-matched control group volunteering to participate in the study. Assessment of the lung function was done by using computerized spirometry and HRQoL with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: Various statistical measures such as mean, standard deviations (SD), test of significance were utilized to analyze the data. Parametric data were analyzed by unpaired t-test and nonparametric data by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A statistically significant difference was seen in the lung functions and quality of life in garbage collection workers except for the psychological component of WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a greater impairment in the lung functions of garbage collection workers as compared to that of normal individuals. Moreover, the quality of life is lower in garbage workers than that of normal individuals considering the physical, social, and environmental aspects.
- Published
- 2019
15. Awareness of Occupational Health Hazards among Street Sweepers and Garbage Collectors at Beni-Suef City, Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study
- Author
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Mervat Rahma, Ashraf Ewis, and Tamer Hifnawy
- Subjects
street sweepers ,garbage collectors ,occupational hazards ,awareness ,attitude ,egypt ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Street sweepers and garbage collectors play an important role in maintaining health and hygiene in the communities. However, they usually work at risky environments that expose them to various morbid conditions. Objective: In this study, we aimed at evaluating awareness and attitudes of Egyptian street sweepers and garbage collectors regarding the occupational risks they are exposed to and its preventive measures. Methods: In a descriptive study, 70 randomly-selected street sweepers and garbage collectors from Beni-Suef city, Egypt were randomly selected and approached through direct interviews with a semi-tailored questionnaire. Results: The results indicated that street sweepers and garbage collectors were aware of occupational health hazards and diseases, to which they are exposed and may encounter at work. Nevertheless, during the past 12 months, 41.4% of them experienced a job-related health problem. They sweep streets and collect garbage directly with unprotected hands and without using any personal protective equipment. Additionally, their attitudes towards taking preventive measures while working did not match their knowledge about their job-related health hazards. Conclusion: Street sweepers and garbage collectors should be treated as a vulnerable group that requires pre-placement and in-service orientations, health education, vaccinations, medical check-ups, with close monitoring of their attitudes and practice.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Assessment of Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Functional Impairments among a Group of Garbage Collectors
- Author
-
MASOUD NEGHAB, FARSHID KHODAPARAST-KAZEROUNI, JAFAR HASSANZADEH, and FARDAD AHMADZADEH
- Subjects
Garbage Collectors ,Pulmonary Function Tests ,Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Respiratory Symptoms ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Garbage collectors are occupationally exposed to a variety of airborne contaminants. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the respiratory health of garbage collectors. This study was carried out in Fars Province, south of Iran. A group of 105 garbage collectors and 93 referent subjects were investigated. A standard questionnaire was administered to both groups. Furthermore, subjects underwent Pulmonary Function Tests. The data revealed that a few symptoms of respiratory disease were significantly more prevalent among garbage collectors. Likewise, significant decrements were observed in some parameters of pulmonary function such as FEV1and FEV1/FVC ratio among garbage collectors. The ventilatory disorder found in spirometry of garbage collectors was consistent with that of obstructive pulmonary disease. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of respiratory symptoms as well as impaired lung functional capacities were more common among garbage collectors than in their control counterparts. This is likely to be attributed to the occupational exposure of this group to workplace contaminants, particularly, bioaerosols.
- Published
- 2015
17. Cooperativa de catadores Mofarrej em São Paulo. Diagnóstico socioambiental.
- Author
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Tamanaga, Beatriz, Almeida, Cátia, Itani, Alice, and Ferreira MacDowell, Silvia
- Abstract
Copyright of InterfacEHS is the property of Revista InterfacEHS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
18. Верификация кучи памяти объектов виртуальной машины
- Subjects
управление памятью ,сборщик мусора ,object memory verification ,верификация объектной кучи ,virtual machines ,аллокаторы ,виртуальные машины ,garbage collectors ,memory management ,allocators ,Java - Abstract
В настоящей статье рассмотрены алгоритмы верификации объектной кучи памяти (heap) виртуальной машины Java, а также разработан и реализован собственный алгоритм верификации объектной памяти на языке программирования С++, основанный на использовании собственных аллокаторов. Данный верификационный алгоритм обходит все объекты кучи, после чего применяет два этапа проверки ссылок на другие объекты в объектной памяти виртуальной машины специальными верификационными функциями. На первом этапе проверяется принадлежность ссылки к области памяти выделенной определённым аллокатором (специальной компонентой виртуальной машины, которая занимается выделением памяти под её различные структуры). На втором этапе, зная к какой области памяти, выделенной определённым аллокатором, принадлежит проверяемая ссылка, определяется непосредственно корректной данной ссылки. Данные этапы верификатора можно применять до и после работы сборщика мусора по опциям, подаваемым при запуске виртуальной машины. Такой алгоритм позволяет проверить правильность работы с виртуальной памятью как сборщика мусора, так и других компонент виртуальной машины, которые взаимодействуют с объектной кучей. Представленная работа является частью большого проекта компании Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. по разработке виртуальной машины Javaдля мобильных устройств. Разработанный инструмент уже используется разработчиками компании для отлаживания ошибок времени выполнения и выявления недочётов работы с объектами в исходном коде программы. Для проверки правильности верификации реализован набор unit-тестов, покрывающий многочисленные ситуации работы с памятью виртуальной машины как правильные, так и заведомо ошибочные. Данный верификатор может совершенствоваться для увеличения скорости работы виртуальной машины и уменьшение воздействия на её работу., In this paper we discuss object memory heap verification algorithms of the Java virtual machine and developed and implemented a proprietary object memory verification algorithm. This verification algorithm iterates over all heap objects, after which it applies two stages of checking references to other objects in the object memory of the virtual machine with special verification functions. At the first stage, it is checked that the reference to references to the memory area allocated by some allocator (a special component of the virtual machine that allocates memory for its various structures). At the second stage, knowing to which memory area allocated by some allocator the checked reference belongs, it is determined directly by the correct given reference. These stages of the verifier can be applied before and after the garbage collector by the options given when starting the virtual machine. This algorithm allows us to check that the garbage collector and other virtual machine components that interact with the object heap are working correctly with virtual memory. The developed tool is already used by the company's developers to debug run-time errors and identify shortcomings in working with objects in the program source code. To check the correctness of verification, a set of unit tests was implemented that covers many situations of working with the memory of a virtual machine, both correct and deliberately erroneous. This verifier can be improved to increase the speed of the virtual machine and reduce the impact on its operation., Международный научный журнал "Современные информационные технологии и ИТ-образование", Выпуск 3 2021, Pages 603-612
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. O IMPACTO DO LIXO NA SAÚDE E A PROBLEMÁTICA DA DESTINAÇÃO FINAL E COLETA SELETIVA DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS.
- Author
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NÓBREGA BARBOSA, KEVAN GUILHERME and NÓBREGA BARBOSA, AYLA CRISTINA
- Abstract
The health of those who need to be in contact with the solid waste undergoes a strong impact. The garbage collectors, street sweepers and professionals in the environmental sanitation has been the subject of research regarding exposure to waste. Thus, this paper seeks to review some of the studies reported in the literature that relate to health workers with exposure to waste. Moreover, we characterizes the situation of the country about the disposal of waste and separate collection service [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
20. Nexo biopsíquico humano no contexto dos catadores de lixo de uma associação do município de Arapiraca-AL
- Author
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Lucas Barros dos Santos and Diego de Oliveira Souza
- Subjects
H1-99 ,030505 public health ,Health (social science) ,social conditions ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,condições sociais ,catadores ,Social sciences (General) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,occupational health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,garbage collectors ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,0305 other medical science ,saúde do trabalhador - Abstract
Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o nexo biopsíquico humano dos catadores de material reciclável de uma associação. Trata-se de estudo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em 2017, no município de Arapiraca-AL. A partir de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, foram entrevistados sete catadores. O roteiro abordou quatro eixos: sociodemográfico, processo de trabalho, consequências da atividade de catação e condições gerais de vida, possibilitando reunir elementos para analisar o “nexo biopsíquico humano” desse grupo, conforme a proposta de Laurell e Noriega. Foi possível identificar algumas das cargas de trabalho que os catadores estão expostos, como as mecânicas, psíquicas e fisiológicas relacionadas à organização do processo de trabalho. O fenômeno da “normalidade sofrente” se faz presente entre os catadores, consubstanciando uma espécie de mecanismo de pseudoproteção da atividade que, embora provoque adoecimento, oferece-lhes algum sustento. Também foram identificadas as cargas biológicas, pelo contato de material contaminado, perfurocortantes e insetos. As cargas de trabalho compõem um processo mais amplo no qual as condições gerais de vida potencializam o processo de desgaste e adoecimento, porquanto esses catadores enfrentem problemas sociais como falta de saneamento, segurança, saúde e educação. Portanto, constitui-se um “nexo biopsíquico humano” no qual a doença se sobrepõe à saúde. Abstract The study aimed to analyze the human biopsychic nexus of recyclable material collectors in an association. This is a qualitative study, carried out in 2017, in the city of Arapiraca-AL, Brazil. From a semi-structured interview script, seven waste collectors were interviewed. The script covered four axes: sociodemographic, work process, consequences of the scavenging activity and general living conditions, making it possible to gather elements to analyze the “human biopsychic nexus” of this group, as proposed by Laurell and Noriega. We identified some of the workloads that the collectors are exposed to, such as the mechanical, psychological and physiological loads related to the organization of the work process. The phenomenon of “suffering normality” is among waste collectors, embodying a kind of pseudo-protection mechanism of the activity that, although it causes illness, offers them some sustenance. Biological loads were also identified by contact with contaminated material, sharps and insects. Workloads make up a broader process in which general living conditions enhance the process of wear and tear, as these collectors face social problems such as lack of sanitation, safety, health and education. Therefore, it is a “human biopsychic nexus” in which the disease overlaps with health.
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- 2020
21. Arte e política, estética e ética no documentário Lixo Extraordinário.
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Salgueiro MARQUES, Ângela Cristina and SENNA, Gustavo
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Comunicação Midiática is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Artes e Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
22. 'We are the engine': recycling workers’ healthcare
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Sabrina Stefanello, Deivisson Vianna Dantas dos Santos, Marian Hennings Hunzicker, Jaqueline Midori Okada, and André Filipak
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Health (social science) ,Uso de residuos sólidos ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Poblaciones vulnerables ,Garbage collectors ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Acesso aos serviços de saúde ,Use of solid waste ,Communication ,Access to healthcare ,Populações vulneráveis ,Recogedores ,Vulnerable population ,Health-disease process ,Proceso salud-enfermedad ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Processo saúde-doença ,Uso de resíduos sólidos ,Catadores ,Acceso a los servicios de salud - Abstract
O catador de materiais recicláveis é excluído pelo tipo de atividade que realiza, em condições inadequadas e sem reconhecimento social. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender o processo saúde-doença-cuidado de pessoas que trabalham com reciclagem para auxiliar na formação de estratégias de acolhimento dessa população na Atenção Primária. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo de base qualitativa, tendo sido realizadas oito entrevistas com trabalhadores da reciclagem e análise hermenêutica gadameriana. A análise evidenciou três grandes núcleos argumentais: cotidiano do trabalho, riscos ocupacionais e relação com os serviços de saúde. A reciclagem para muitos trabalhadores é uma última opção de sobrevivência dentro das regras sociais do mundo do trabalho; e a possibilidade de trabalhar, apesar de todas as suas dificuldades, esforços e sobrecargas, é vista como uma forma digna de sobrevivência e valorizada como um dos maiores bens de suas vidas. Recycling collectors are excluded for the activity they perform (in inadequate conditions and with no social recognition). The objective of this research was to understand the health-disease-care process of people who work with recycling to help build strategies to welcome this population in Primary healthcare. It was an exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study where eight interviews were conducted with recycling workers. The analysis was conducted based on Gadamer’s hermeneutics. The analysis evidenced three large argumentative nuclei: work routine, occupational risks, and health service relation. For most workers, recycling is their last resort to survive in the social rules of the occupational world, despite all its difficulties, efforts, and burdens. It is considered a dignified way of survival and valued as one of the greatest assets in their lives: the possibility to work. El recogedor de materiales reciclables es excluido por el tipo de actividad que realiza, en condiciones inadecuadas y sin reconocimiento social. El objetivo de este estudio fue entender el proceso salud-enfermedad-cuidado de personas que trabajan con reciclaje para auxiliar en la formación de estrategias de acogida de esta población en la Atención Primaria. Estudio exploratorio descriptivo de base cualitativa, habiéndose realizado ocho entrevistas con trabajadores del reciclaje y un análisis utilizando la hermenéutica gadameriana. El análisis mostró tres grandes núcleos argumentales: cotidiano del trabajo, riesgos ocupacionales y relación con los servicios de salud. Para muchos trabajadores, el reciclaje, es una última opción de supervivencia dentro de las reglas sociales del mundo del trabajo y, a pesar de todas sus dificultades, esfuerzos y sobrecargas, es vista como una forma digna de supervivencia y valorizada como uno de los mayores bienes de sus vidas: la posibilidad de trabajar.
- Published
- 2020
23. Assessment of Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Functional Impairments among a Group of Garbage Collectors.
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NEGHAB, MASOUD, KHODAPARAST-KAZEROUNI, FARSHID, HASSANZADEH, JAFAR, and AHMADZADEH, FARDAD
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- *
REFUSE collection , *WASTE management , *RESPIRATORY diseases , *LUNG diseases - Abstract
Garbage collectors are occupationally exposed to a variety of airborne contaminants. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the respiratory health of garbage collectors. This study was carried out in Fars Province, south of Iran. A group of 105 garbage collectors and 93 referent subjects were investigated. A standard questionnaire was administered to both groups. Furthermore, subjects underwent Pulmonary Function Tests. The data revealed that a few symptoms of respiratory disease were significantly more prevalent among garbage collectors. Likewise, significant decrements were observed in some parameters of pulmonary function such as FEV1and FEV1/FVC ratio among garbage collectors. The ventilatory disorder found in spirometry of garbage collectors was consistent with that of obstructive pulmonary disease. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of respiratory symptoms as well as impaired lung functional capacities were more common among garbage collectors than in their control counterparts. This is likely to be attributed to the occupational exposure of this group to workplace contaminants, particularly, bioaerosols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
24. A VIDA NO LIXO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE OS CATADORES DE MATERIAIS RECICLÁVEIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE IPAMERI, GO.
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Gonçalves, C. V., Malafaia, G., Castro, A. L. S., and Veiga, B. G. A
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- *
URBAN beautification , *CITIES & towns , *INDUSTRIAL pollution , *WORK environment , *HAZARDOUS wastes - Abstract
Garbage disposal is still a major social-environmental problem in Brazil. Waste Disposal Units are the working conditions of a ever increasing and not controlled, not even recognized, portion of the population. The recyclable material collectors are today the object of numerous public policies for social inclusion, but that does not have the proper reach, especially in small towns. This study aimed to identify the profile and working conditions of Waste Disposal Units gatherers in the city of Ipameri (GO), revealing that the situation is not different of that found in other Brazilian cities. The recognition of the problem by the public authority might be delayed when compared to large cities where the problem is more apparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
25. A imagem na pesquisa qualitativa em saúde.
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Velloso, Marta Pimenta and Guimarães, Maria Beatriz Lisbôa
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ANTHROPOLOGY ,MEDICAL informatics ,MEDICAL research ,PARTICIPANT observation ,QUALITATIVE research ,EMPIRICAL research - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. A Field Study on the Physiological Workload of Garbage Collectors in the Japanese Summer.
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TSUJIMURA, Hiroji, TAODA, Kazushi, and KITAHARA, Teruyo
- Abstract
The article focuses on a study done in order to determine the physiological workload on garbage collectors (GC) in Japan. It mentions that 10 male workers of garbage industry participated in this study. The study found that several cases in which the physiological Workload of GC in the humid summertime in Japan exceeded the permissible limits.
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. OS CATADORES DE RESÍDUOS E A RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL: A PERCEPÇÃO SOBRE SEU LUGAR SOCIAL.
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Filardi, Fernando, Siqueira, Elisabete Stradiotto, and Binotto, Erlaine
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SOCIAL responsibility of business ,SANITATION workers ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,WASTE recycling ,RAGPICKERS ,ENVIRONMENTAL management - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
28. Saúde coletiva, resíduos sólidos urbanos e os catadores de lixo.
- Author
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Siqueira, Mônica Maria and de Moraes, Maria Silvia
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POLLUTANTS ,PUBLIC health ,SANITATION workers ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,WASTE management - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Cairo's Zabaleen garbage recyclers: Multi-nationals’ takeover and state relocation plans
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Fahmi, Wael Salah and Sutton, Keith
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WASTE recycling , *SUSTAINABLE development , *INVESTORS , *BUSINESS relocation , *WASTE management - Abstract
Abstract: The paper investigates recently launched plans to privatize solid-waste management in Cairo, focusing on its adverse effects on the sustainability of the associated recycling economy and urban settlement system of the garbage collectors communities (Zabaleen) located within the Muqattam mountain area which is adjacent to Cairo''s old historical quarters. According to official development strategy, the privatization of solid-waste services is regarded as fundamental to overall government plans for Old Cairo''s rehabilitation. The objectives of the rehabilitation programme tend to favour tourist-orientated projects, whilst ignoring the local population''s interests through the removal of informal Zabaleen settlements in Muqattam mountain, and through the clearing of the Eastern Cemetery of its tomb dwellers and shanty town buildings. The study examines the consequences of recent official intervention in the sustainability of the Muqattam Zabaleen settlement in terms of physical and demographic growth, infrastructural development, and changes in land tenure system. The paper takes into consideration early 1980s programmes funded by the World Bank to improve the Zabaleens’ environment and to upgrade their settlement. These aimed to maintain the existing informal settlement pattern and to develop urban service delivery systems. The empirical study adopts a qualitative analysis employing ethnographic techniques of informal discussions with secondary stakeholder agencies (local municipality, planners, NGOs activists). A field survey of the primary stakeholder group (garbage collectors) involved in-depth interviews with householders and with community leaders in the Zabaleen settlement. The analysis explores narratives expressed by members of the Zabaleen community in response to the threat of enforced eviction resulting from potential state-controlled gentrification programmes for urban development and land speculation in the area. The findings emphasize the significance of local participatory mechanisms in restructuring solid-waste collection and in developing the recycling industry whilst putting vacant and under-used areas into productive use. These mechanisms would support the management of built environment and local resources and would build local capacity through developing new channels for co-operation and partnership between the garbage collectors’ association (Gamm’yya) and grass roots organizations together with the local authorities and multi-national companies. In order to promote sustainable livelihoods and better opportunities for the urban poor the study concludes that there is a need to draw on the sustainable flow of local resources within low-income garbage collectors groups, whilst seeking new means of supporting land acquisition and its development for improved housing standards, basic services and environmental quality. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Formal Verification of an Incremental Garbage Collector.
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Coupet-Grimal, Solange and Nouvet, Catherine
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MATHEMATICAL logic ,ALGORITHMS ,AXIOMS ,EMBEDDED computer systems ,COMPUTER software execution ,COMPUTER software correctness ,MATHEMATICAL induction - Abstract
We specify an incremental garbage collection algorithm and give a formal proof of its correctness carried out using the proof assistant Coq. The algorithm is represented as an infinite transition system and we establish safety and liveness properties. This work relies on the axiomatization of Linear Temporal Logic in the Calculus of Inductive Constructions, described in a companion paper in this Journal and based on a co-inductive representation of program executions. Although motivated by integrating the dynamic memory management to the Java Card platform, this study applies more generally to real-time embedded systems and to devices with virtually infinite memory. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Who Cleans Paris? Garbage Collectors in Their Own Words
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Ferrant, Coline, Mourad, Marie, and Waine, Oliver
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public services ,Paris ,civil service ,waste ,waste management ,garbage collectors ,urban public service - Abstract
Who are Paris’s garbage collectors? Coline Ferrant and Marie Mourad highlight the diverse working conditions covered by this job title, which includes both municipal and private-sector employees.
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- 2019
32. Conflits sur l’utilisation de l’espace public a Buenos Aires
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Mariano Perelman
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Cultural Studies ,Ilegalidades ,Sociology and Political Science ,BUENOS AIRES ,Public administration ,Espace public ,CIENCIAS SOCIALES ,Public space ,Recolectores de residuos ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,0601 history and archaeology ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,Vendeurs ambulants ,Collecteurs informels de déchets ,Conflits urbains ,Coletores de resíduos ,GARBAGE COLLECTORS ,060101 anthropology ,purl.org/becyt/ford/5 [https] ,URBAN STRUGGLES ,Disputas urbanas ,05 social sciences ,Ilegalismos ,06 humanities and the arts ,ILLEGALISMS ,0506 political science ,Venta ambulante ,Illégalismes ,Buenos Aires ,Otras Ciencias Sociales ,purl.org/becyt/ford/5.9 [https] ,PUBLIC SPACE ,AMBULANT VENDING ,lcsh:H1-99 ,Venda ambulante - Abstract
En este trabajo, me interesa centrar en la producción y pugna en torno a la ilegalidad de vendedores ambulantes y recolectores informales de basura. Abordar las actividades a partir de los ilegalismos, y ellos en relación a la desigualdad social, permite comprender los modos en que los sujetos legítimos se construyen en el espacio público. Ello permite repensar los procesos de legalidad o ilegalidad como algo dado, mostrando los juegos de poder existentes alrededor de actividades, pero sobre todo de sujetos legítimos. También permite comprender el entramado de relaciones sociales que no pueden entenderse como formas legales o ilegales estáticas. Atender a las dinámicas y a las acciones, el modo en que son presentadas, justificadas, nos da pistas sobre el modo en que ciertas actividades y ciertos grupos sociales luchan por el uso del espacio público y por acceder a la reproducción social en un sentido amplio, como formas dignas y legítimas de ganarse la vida.DISPUTAS SOBRE O USO DO ESPAÇO PÚBLICO EM BUENOS AIRESNeste trabalho, meu interesse é focalizar a produção e a luta em torno da ilegalidade de vendedores ambulantes e coletores informais de lixo. Abordar as atividades a partir das ilegalidades e tais ilegalidades em relação à desigualdade social permite compreender o modo como os sujeitos legítimos se constroem no espaço público. Isso permite repensar os processos de legalidade ou ilegalidade como algo dado, mostrando os jogos de poder existentes em torno de atividades, mas, sobretudo, de sujeitos legítimos. Também permite compreender a teia de relações sociais que não podem ser entendidas como formais legais ou ilegais estáticas. Atender às dinâmicas e às ações, o modo como são apresentadas nos dá pistas sobre o modo como certas atividades e certos grupos sociais lutam pelo uso do espaço público e para ter acesso à reprodução em sentido amplo, com formas dignas e legítimas de ganhar a vida.Palavras-chave: Buenos Aires. Coletores de resíduos. Venda ambulante. Ilegalidades. Disputas urbanas.STRUGGLES OVER THE USE OF PUBLIC SPACE IN BUENOS AIRESIn this article I focus on production and struggles around the illegality of street vendors and informal garbage collectors. Addressing activities from illegalism and the relation to social inequality allow us to understand the ways in which legitimate subjects are constructed in public space. This position allows thinking legality or illegality as a processes instead of something given and showing the existing power struggles around activities. It also allows understanding the network of social relationships that cannot be understood as static legal or illegal forms. Attending to dynamics and actions, and the way in which they are presented and justified, gives us clues of the way in which certain activities and certain social groups fight for the use of public space and for accessing social reproduction in a broad sense: as worthy and legitimate ways of make a living.Key-words: Buenos Aires. Garbage collectors. Ambulant vending. Illegalisms. Urban struggles. Public space.CONFLITS SUR L’UTILISATION DE L’ESPACE PUBLIC A BUENOS AIRESCet article centre son intérêt dans la production et le conflit autour de l’illégalité des collecteurs informels de déchets et vendeurs ambulants. Enquêter les activités à partir de ses illégalismes en relation avec l’inégalité sociale permet une compréhension des modes dans lesquels des sujets légitimes se construisent eux-mêmes dans l’espace public. Ainsi, nous pouvons réfléchir sur les procès de légalité ou d’illégalité comme quelque chose qui n’est pas donnée, en montrant les jeux de pouvoir autour des activités. Cela permet aussi comprendre le réseau des liens sociales qui ne peut pas être compris comme des formes légales ou illégales extatiques. Focaliser l’attention dans les dynamiques et les actions, dans les façons qu’elles sont présentées, justifiées, nous donne des éléments pour mieux comprendre les modes dans lesquels certaines activités et certains groupes sociaux luttent pour l’utilisation de l’espace publique et pour avoir accès à la reproduction sociale comme forme digne et légitime de gagner leurs vies.Mots-clés: Buenos Aires. Collecteurs informels de déchets. Vendeurs ambulants. Illégalismes. Conflits urbains. Espace public.
- Published
- 2018
33. A imagem na pesquisa qualitativa em saúde The image in qualitative research in health
- Author
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Marta Pimenta Velloso and Maria Beatriz Lisbôa Guimarães
- Subjects
Subjetividade ,Garbage pickers ,Catadores de lixo ,Qualitative research ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Coletores de lixo ,Image ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Subjectivity ,Pesquisa qualitativa ,Imagem ,Garbage collectors - Abstract
O presente artigo consiste em explorar o uso da imagem como instrumento metodológico na pesquisa qualitativa em saúde, sendo dividido em duas partes. A primeira, de cunho teórico, aborda aspectos do trabalho de campo antropológico em que diferentes olhares interagem na interpretação, seja na fala do ator social, seja na imagem produzida. Já a segunda, descreve dois estudos empíricos sobre a imagem como recurso metodológico na obtenção de dados qualitativos, apresentando pesquisas com imagens registradas em DVD e em fotografias, respectivamente, de coletores e catadoras de lixo. Conclui-se que a imagem pode ser utilizada tanto como complemento ilustrativo, quanto como instrumento na pesquisa qualitativa. A observação participante e as entrevistas podem ser complementadas com a imagem, mas a imagem gera por si só um acúmulo de informações, estimulando a capacidade de apreensão do espectador.This paper explores the use of the image as a methodological instrument in qualitative research in health. It is divided into two parts. The first part, which is theoretical in perspective, deals with aspects of anthropological fieldwork in which different views interact in the interpretation, either in the speech of the social actor or in the image that is produced. The second part describes two empirical studies on the image as a methodological instrument to obtain qualitative data, presenting research with images recorded on DVD and photographs of garbage pickers and garbage collectors, respectively. The conclusion reached is that the image can be used both as a complementary example, and as an instrument in qualitative research. Participant observation and interviews can be supplemented with the image but the image itself generates an accumulation of information, stimulating the viewer's ability to comprehend.
- Published
- 2013
34. Reciclagem, educação e meio ambiente: interlocuções da vivência numa associação de catadores
- Author
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Rossignoli, Marilena Kaizer, Flor, Cristhiane Carneiro Cunha, Menezes, Paulo Henrique Dias, Pinto, Vicente Paulo dos Santos, and Pinheiro, Paulo Cesar
- Subjects
Educação ,Recycling ,Reciclagem ,Meio ambiente ,CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO [CNPQ] ,Environment ,Catadores ,CTS ,Garbage collectors ,Education - Abstract
Em meio a tramas e dramas, a reciclagem se desenhou como objeto de investigação neste estudo por incitar uma série de inquietações a respeito de um sistema que privilegia grandes empresas e aprisiona os catadores numa teia de relações entre discursos políticos, econômicos e educacionais que os imobiliza em torno de um estado posto com poucas perspectivas de mudança e ascensão social. Assim, na tentativa de superar alguns julgamentos preconcebidos e compreender as numerosas potencialidades formativas da reciclagem, debruçada ora sobre a teoria, ora vivenciando a prática, foi possível entender um pouco mais sobre as questões centrais que permeiam esse tema, situando-o como um campo de tensão entre meio ambiente, sociedade e educação que necessita de intensas discussões a fim de superar a visão reducionista da questão da destinação do lixo, seja na escola ou fora dela. Neste trabalho, após traçar uma breve perspectiva histórica, abordar algumas questões técnicas, e revisar a literatura sobre o tema, debruço-me mais especificamente sobre a tarefa de procurar entender o papel dos catadores na amaranhada trama que permeia o processo de reciclagem de resíduos sólidos. Trilhando o caminho da Teoria da Ação Dialógica descrita na Pedagogia do Oprimido, de Paulo Freire e da Etnografia, desenho o percurso metodológico da pesquisa a partir da imersão em uma Associação de Catadores de Papel e Papelão. A análise dessa experiência me remete a cinco episódios que retratam os cinco primeiros dias de convívio com catadores: Respeito; Superação; Frustração; Alteridade; e Política. A partir dessa análise, procuro elucidar possíveis interlocuções entre reciclagem, meio ambiente e educação, orientada pelo olhar de sujeitos que têm a reciclagem como profissão e meio de subsistência. Os resultados deste estudo me permitiram desconstruir concepções e mitos que permeiam a forma como lidamos com o ideário da reciclagem preconizado pela sociedade, dentre as quais destaca-se: a inoperância dos projetos de educação escolar que abordam a reciclagem apenas pelo viés da separação do lixo; o enviesamento do olhar para o meio ambiente orientado apenas pelo ideal de desenvolvimento sustentável e sustentabilidade; e os interesses políticos e econômicos que norteiam as ações de reciclagem apenas para o cumprimento de metas estabelecidas internacionalmente. Amid schemes and dramas, recycling was designed as object of investigation in this study for inciting a series of concerns on a system that favors big corporations and imprisons the garbage collectors on a web of links among political, economic and educational speeches that immobilizes them around an imposed state, with little prospect of change and social rise. Therefore, in an attempt to overcome any preconceived judgement and to understand the high formative potential of recycling, sometimes leaning on theory or sometimes experiencing practice, it was possible to understand some of the main issues that permeate the subject, placing it as a field of tension between environment, society and education, which requires intense discussion in order to overcome the reductionist view on the issue of garbage disposal, whether at school or outside of it. This paper, after tracing a brief historical perspective, approaching some technical issues and reviewing literature on the subject, focuses specifically on the task of understanding the role of garbage collectors in the tangled plot that permeates the solid waste recycling process. Through the Dialogical Action Theory described in Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed and Ethnography, the methodological research path is designed from an immersion in the world of the Collectors of Paper and Cardboard Association – APARES. The analysis of this experience refers to five episodes portraying the first five days with the collectors: Respect; Overcoming; Frustration; Alterity and Politics. From this analysis, we seek to enlighten a possible dialogue between recycling, environment and education, guided by the perspective from individuals who have recycling as a profession and means of living. The results of this study allowed to deconstruct conceptions and myths that permeate the way we deal with recycling ideals advocated by society, among which stand out: the ineffectiveness of educational projects that approach recycling as merely waste sorting; the biased look at the environment, guided solely by the ideal of sustainable development and sustainability; and the political and economic interests that lead to recycling actions simply for the compliance of internationally established goals.
- Published
- 2016
35. Saúde coletiva, resíduos sólidos urbanos e os catadores de lixo Urban solid residues, garbage collectors and public health
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Mônica Maria Siqueira and Maria Silvia de Moraes
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Saúde coletiva ,Public health ,Catadores de lixo ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Resíduos urbanos ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Ambientes ,Environment ,Urban residues ,Garbage collectors - Abstract
O artigo aborda a problemática ambiental da produção e da geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos, destacando o conceito de saúde e de ambiente enquanto representação social. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, discute a incorporação da temática saúde e ambiente no campo de conhecimento e práticas de interconexão com a saúde coletiva. Associa nesse contexto a questão da exclusão social gerada pela forma de produção e de consumo da sociedade pós-moderna, introduzindo os catadores de lixo, grupo populacional vulnerável.The article approaches the issues of environmental production and the generation of urban solid residues, in particular the environment and health concept while social representation. From a bibliographical revision it argues the incorporation of the themes of health and environment in the practical field of knowledge and of interconnection with the Public Health. In this context it associates the question of the social exclusion generated by the form of production and consumption of the after-modern society, introducing the garbage collectors as a vulnerable population group.
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- 2009
36. Awareness of Occupational Health Hazards among Street Sweepers and Garbage Collectors at Beni-Suef City, Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Ashraf Ewis, Mervat Rahma, and Tamer Hifnawy
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Geography ,Cross-sectional study ,Environmental health ,street sweepers ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Garbage ,Occupational safety and health ,garbage collectors ,occupational hazards ,awareness ,attitude ,egypt - Abstract
Background: Street sweepers and garbage collectors play an important role in maintaining health and hygiene in the communities. However, they usually work at risky environments that expose them to various morbid conditions. Objective: In this study, we aimed at evaluating awareness and attitudes of Egyptian street sweepers and garbage collectors regarding the occupational risks they are exposed to and its preventive measures. Methods: In a descriptive study, 70 randomly-selected street sweepers and garbage collectors from Beni-Suef city, Egypt were randomly selected and approached through direct interviews with a semi-tailored questionnaire. Results: The results indicated that street sweepers and garbage collectors were aware of occupational health hazards and diseases, to which they are exposed and may encounter at work. Nevertheless, during the past 12 months, 41.4% of them experienced a job-related health problem. They sweep streets and collect garbage directly with unprotected hands and without using any personal protective equipment. Additionally, their attitudes towards taking preventive measures while working did not match their knowledge about their job-related health hazards. Conclusion: Street sweepers and garbage collectors should be treated as a vulnerable group that requires pre-placement and in-service orientations, health education, vaccinations, medical check-ups, with close monitoring of their attitudes and practice.
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- 2009
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37. A cross-sectional household cluster serosurvey of hepatitis C virus antibodies in an urban slum of Cairo, Egypt in 2004
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Isabelle Nakhla, Sahar Samy, Michael T. Cosby, Manal Mostafa, Robert W. Frenck, Emad W. Mohareb, John W. Sanders, and Mark S. Riddle
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Blood transfusion ,Multivariate analysis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Tatoo ,Age adjustment ,Population ,Disease cluster ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Seroprevalence ,education ,Garbage collectors ,Cluster survey ,education.field_of_study ,Slum ,Transmission (medicine) ,business.industry ,Hepatitis C virus ,Research ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Occupational exposure ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,Risk factors ,Needles ,Latrine ,Egypt ,business - Abstract
Background Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) continues to be a burden to the Egyptian population and its economy. Despite all efforts, the prevalence of infection continues to be one of the highest in the world. The high national prevalence has been attributed to unintentional, nosocomial spread during an anti-schistosomiasis campaign conducted in the 1970’s, but that does not fully explain the persistent infection rates. Work is needed to further clarify risk associations. A serosurvey was performed in Manshiet Nasser, a slum in Cairo sometimes referred to as Mokattem Hills where a primary occupation is garbage collection and sorting, to characterize potential risk factors for infection. Methods Following a detailed mapping and census of the area, a cluster sampling was performed and demographic and risk behavior data and a blood sample were collected from subjects older than 6 months. Blood samples were tested using 4th generation anti-HCV EIA kit. Results The slum was estimated to house 45,000 residents. Blood samples were obtained from 2169 subjects. The age adjusted anti-HCV seroprevalence was 9.1 %. Participants with HCV antibodies were more likely to be male, heads of households, subjects without formal education, and those with a lower standard of living. After adjustment of all prevalence ratios (aPR) for age, the following risk factors were significantly associated with higher risk of HCV infection: Garbage collection (aPR 1.5), history of blood transfusion (aPR 2.0), tattooing (aPR 1.4), history of schistosomiasis (aPR 1.5), and use of traditional latrines (aPR 2.0) or pits for sanitation (aPR 1.3). The results of the multivariate analysis indicated that age (p
- Published
- 2015
38. La campagne d’Al-Misriyyîn Al-Ahrâr chez les chiffonniers de Manchiyit Nâsir
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Gaétan du Roy
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coptes ,informel ,chiffonniers ,Muqattam ,Copts ,Informal ,associations ,Garbage collectors - Abstract
Cet article est le fruit d’un terrain dans la communauté des chiffonniers (zabbalîn) de Manchiyit Nâsir durant les élections législatives de 2011. La plupart des zabbalîn sont coptes. Cette étude s’intéresse à la campagne du parti des Égyptiens libres située dans le contexte des réseaux de pouvoir locaux : des associations de développement, l’Église et des jeunes du quartier souhaitant participer au changement social après la révolution. Cette étude minutieuse de l’engagement politique et des luttes de pouvoir dans un quartier informel permet de saisir les enjeux locaux et la manière dont ils s’articulent avec la politique nationale. L’article tente également de mettre en perspective la dialectique du conflit et de la solidarité au sein de la communauté copte. This article is based on a fieldwork in the garbage collectors (zabbalîn) neighborhood of Manchiyit Nâsir, during the legislative election of 2011. Most of the zabbalîn are Copts. This study deals with the Free Egyptians party’s campaign put in the context of local networks of power including development associations, the Church and some young people eager to change their community after the revolution. This careful examination of the political work on the field in an informal area highlights the local stakes and how they articulate with national politics. Furthermore the article underlines the dialectic of conflict and solidarity within the Coptic community.
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- 2014
39. O SERVIÇO DOS COLETORES DE LIXO: RISCOS OCUPACIONAIS VERSUS AGRAVOS À SAÚDE
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Maria Lucia do Carmo Cruz Robazzi, Elucir Gir, Tokico Murakawa Moriya, and Janete Pessuto
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Workers ,Garbage collectors ,Work Accidents ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Nursing ,RT1-120 ,Mental healing ,RZ400-408 ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
Os autores estudaram o tipo de serviço executado por 36 coletores de lixo, de uma cidade do interior do Estado de são Paulo, observando o elevado índice de ausências ao trabalho por problemas decorrentes de acidentes de trabalho e de saúde, principalmente. Concomitantemente constaram vários riscos ocupacionais e o desuso de equipamentos de proteção individual a eles fornecidos, o que provavelmente contribui, entre outras causas, para o número de ausências ao trabalho.
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40. A estratégia de 'redução' e a carga de trabalho dos coletores de lixo domiciliar de uma grande cidade: estudo de caso baseado na Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho
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Renata Campos Vasconcelos, Francisco de Paula Antunes Lima, Ana Carolina Medeiros da Silveira Abreu, Raquel Christine Ribeiro Silva, João Alberto Camarotto, and Edmar Pires Murta
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garbage collectors ,residential garbage ,working method ,Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) ,work organization ,workload ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Este trabalho descreve a utilização do método de "redução" como estratégia de trabalho desenvolvida pelos coletores de lixo ("garis") de uma grande cidade e seus reflexos na organização e na carga de trabalho. O método de "redução" consiste de atividade preparatória à coleta de lixo por meio da formação de "estoques intermediários" antes do carregamento nos caminhões. O trabalho dos garis foi estudado utilizando-se a metodologia da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET), complementada por avaliações de esforço físico. Quanto à organização do trabalho, verificou-se que, ao utilizarem esta estratégia, os garis trabalham em ritmo mais cadenciado, conseguem executar melhor as tarefas de separação do lixo, como os sacos plásticos contendo vidros, podem interagir entre eles e estabelecer relações amistosas com os cidadãos sobre melhores práticas de acondicionamento do lixo. Em relação à segurança e à saúde, ao utilizarem este método, os garis ficam menos sujeitos a riscos de cortes, atropelamentos, quedas e desavenças com motoristas no trânsito, além de realizarem o trabalho com menos esforço físico. Concluiu-se que a utilização da "redução" não apenas diminui o esforço físico e a exposição a riscos de acidentes, mas também melhora a qualidade da coleta de lixo domiciliar.
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41. Estudo epidemiologico dos coletores de lixo seletivo
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Marcelo Haertel Miglioransa, Letícia Cunha da Rosa, Christiano Perin, Gabriel Zatti Ramos, Gilberto Ferreira Fossati, and Airton Stein
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Garbage Collectors ,Selective Garbage Collect ,Protection Equipaments ,Work injuries ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
O artigo aborda epidemiologicamente o perfil dos coletores de lixo seletivo e descreve as lesões musculares e acidentes de trabalho mais freqüentes. Este estudo transversal foi desenvolvido com duas empresas (denominadas como empresa A e empresa B), em Porto Alegre, selecionando-se 50 funcionários aleatoriamente (presentes e aptos nos dias das entrevistas para a pesquisa) e aos quais foi aplicado um questionário. A Média de idade da amostra foi de 34 e 22 anos para a empresa A e B, respectivamente. Cerca de 66% dos funcionários da empresa B trabalham a menos de 5 anos na companhia, ao passo que 95% dos funcionários da empresa A trabalham há mais de 5 anos. O índice de lesões entre as duas empresas é alta 90% e 46,6% para empresas A e B, respectivamente. Lesões são mais comuns nos membros inferiores, seguidas pelas lesões dos membros superiores e da coluna. Ambas as empresas apresentavam deficiência do uso de equipamentos de proteção, sendo estes praticamente ignorados pelos funcionários, embora de uso obrigatório. As avaliações médicas são realizadas esporadicamente, sem acompanhamento regular. Ambas as empresas apresentam altos índices de leões em geral, sendo as lesões de membros inferiores mais comuns. Também são altos os índices de cortes e outros pequenos ferimentos, provavelmente pelo não uso de equipamentos de proteção obrigatórios.
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42. A imagem na pesquisa qualitativa em saúde
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Maria Beatriz Lisbôa Guimarães and Marta Pimenta Velloso
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Information retrieval ,Garbage pickers ,Health Policy ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,Perspective (graphical) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Coletores de lixo ,Qualitative property ,Participant observation ,Subjectivity ,Pesquisa qualitativa ,Imagem ,Subjetividade ,Empirical research ,Catadores de lixo ,Qualitative research ,Image ,Psychology ,Garbage ,Garbage collectors - Abstract
O presente artigo consiste em explorar o uso da imagem como instrumento metodológico na pesquisa qualitativa em saúde, sendo dividido em duas partes. A primeira, de cunho teórico, aborda aspectos do trabalho de campo antropológico em que diferentes olhares interagem na interpretação, seja na fala do ator social, seja na imagem produzida. Já a segunda, descreve dois estudos empíricos sobre a imagem como recurso metodológico na obtenção de dados qualitativos, apresentando pesquisas com imagens registradas em DVD e em fotografias, respectivamente, de coletores e catadoras de lixo. Conclui-se que a imagem pode ser utilizada tanto como complemento ilustrativo, quanto como instrumento na pesquisa qualitativa. A observação participante e as entrevistas podem ser complementadas com a imagem, mas a imagem gera por si só um acúmulo de informações, estimulando a capacidade de apreensão do espectador. This paper explores the use of the image as a methodological instrument in qualitative research in health. It is divided into two parts. The first part, which is theoretical in perspective, deals with aspects of anthropological fieldwork in which different views interact in the interpretation, either in the speech of the social actor or in the image that is produced. The second part describes two empirical studies on the image as a methodological instrument to obtain qualitative data, presenting research with images recorded on DVD and photographs of garbage pickers and garbage collectors, respectively. The conclusion reached is that the image can be used both as a complementary example, and as an instrument in qualitative research. Participant observation and interviews can be supplemented with the image but the image itself generates an accumulation of information, stimulating the viewer's ability to comprehend.
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- 2013
43. The 'donkey without a tail' in consumer society: invisibility, conspicuous consumption and recognition
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NASCIMENTO, Josilene Barbosa do., RETONDAR, Anderson Moebus., OLIVEIRA, Roberto Veras de., LIMA, Elizabeth Christina de Andrade., BRITO, Simone Magalhães., and PORTILHO, Maria de Fátima Ferreira.
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Invisibilidade social ,Constituição de identidades ,Coleta seletiva de lixo ,Cooperativa de Trabalhadores de Materiais Recicláveis de Campina Grande ,Consumo ostensivo ,Recyclable waste pickers ,Cooperativa de Catadores e Catadoras de Materiais recicláveis de Campina Grande - CATAMAIS ,Ciências Sociais ,Sociedade de consumo ,Catadores de lixo ,Social Invisibility ,Catadores de materias recicláveis ,Habitus precário ,Garbage Collectors Cooperative ,Consumo para reconhecimento ,Garbage collectors - Abstract
Submitted by Ruth Quaresma de Freitas (ruth_quaresma@hotmail.com) on 2019-09-26T17:45:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSILENE BARBOSA DO NASCIMENTO - TESE PPGCS 2012.pdf: 2382713 bytes, checksum: fd4a68de485867ae5de3a0c7c1cc2f98 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-26T17:45:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSILENE BARBOSA DO NASCIMENTO - TESE PPGCS 2012.pdf: 2382713 bytes, checksum: fd4a68de485867ae5de3a0c7c1cc2f98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-26 O objetivo desta tese é analisar os motivos que orientam as práticas de consumo dos catadores de materiais recicláveis, considerando a capacidade restrita de consumo dos mesmos em consequência da realização de um trabalho mal remunerado e desqualificado socialmente, causador, também, de processos de estigmatização e invisibilidade social vivenciados por eles. A coleta de dados foi realizada em dois campos de pesquisa: nas cooperativas COTRAMARE (Cooperativa de Trabalhadores em Materiais Recicláveis de Campina Grande) e CATAMAIS (Cooperativa de Catadores e Catadoras de Materiais Recicláveis de Campina Grande Ltda), ambas localizadas no município de Campina Grande – PB. Realizamos, especificamente, uma análise comparativa entre o trabalho de catação no “lixão” e nas ruas da cidade de Campina Grande – PB e o trabalho desenvolvido via cooperativas, particularmente, através da “Coleta Seletiva Solidária”, apontando aspectos positivos e negativos pertinentes aos diferentes espaços de exercício da referida função; problematizamos o trabalho de catador de materiais recicláveis e sua relação com os processos de estigmatização e invisibilidade social, constatando que a não incorporação das pré-condições para o reconhecimento social por parte do grupo de catadores, devido a uma socialização precária, irá colocá-los bastante longe da conquista de um efetivo respeito de seu trabalho e de si mesmos; investigamos, finalmente, sobre a formação da identidade dos catadores a partir da esfera do consumo, evidenciando, entretanto, que o trabalho ainda é importante na constituição de sua identidade. Os resultados da pesquisa nos mostraram que apesar das limitações financeiras enfrentadas pelos catadores, os mesmos são consumidores bastante ativos, considerando importante em suas vidas as práticas de consumo, principalmente por ser uma das formas deles se definirem e se identificarem. Também verificamos a existência de uma multiplicidade de motivações que poderiam fazer o catador consumir. No entanto, uma em particular se destacou na fala dos catadores, quando levamos em consideração o trabalho de catação de materiais recicláveis – trabalho desvalorizado socialmente, causador de estigma e desrespeito – e como o mesmo proporciona, aos catadores, uma identidade deteriorada e ambígua: é o consumo motivado pelo desejo de reconhecimento, status e visibilidade social, ou seja, o consumo fortalecendo identidades. Aqui, o consumo só pode ser do tipo ostentatório, pois há necessidade de exposição dos objetos, caracterizada pelos sentimentos de orgulho e poder, objetivando uma positividade e reconhecimento do trabalho de catador e de si mesmos, enquanto catadores. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the motives that guide the consumption practices of collectors of recyclable material, considering the restricted purchasing power as a result of their poorly paid and socially disqualified job, which also causes the processes of stigmatization and social invisibility experienced by them. Data collection was conducted in two research fields: COTRAMARE Cooperatives (Cooperative of Recycling Workers of Campina Grande) and CATAMAIS (Cooperative of Male and Female Collectors of Recyclable Materials of Campina Grande Ltda), both located in Campina Grande - PB. We did, specifically, a comparative analysis between the work of picking the trash in landfills sites and in the streets of Campina Grande - PB and working through cooperatives, particularly through the "Joint Selective Collection," pointing out relevant strengths and weaknesses of these different spaces for this job; we formulated the framework of the problem of the collector of recyclable materials work and its relation to the processes of stigmatization and social invisibility, noting that a non-incorporation of pre-conditions for social recognition by the group of collectors, due to a poor socialization, will place them very far from achieving an effective respect for their work and for themselves; we investigated, finally, about the identity formation of the collectors from the sphere of consumption, highlighting, however, that the work is still important in the formation of their identity. The survey results showed us that, despite the financial constraints faced by the collectors, they are very active consumers, considering consumption practices important in their lives, mainly because it is one way to define them and to feel that they can relate to something. We also verified the existence of a multiplicity of motivations that could make the collector consume. However, one motivation in particular stood out in the speech of the collectors, when we consider the work of scavenging recyclable materials – a socially devalued job, that causes stigma and disrespect - and how it provides to collectors a degenerated and ambiguous identity: consumption is motivated by the desire for recognition, status and social visibility, i.e., the consumption strengthening identities. In this case, consumption can be the conspicuous type, because there is need for exposure of objects, characterized by feelings of pride and power, aiming positivity and recognition of the work of scavengers and of themselves as collectors.
- Published
- 2012
44. Plano de gest??o para a Associa????o de Catadores de Lixo de Parintins/AM ASCALPIN
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Souza, Felic??ssimo Barbosa de and Barreiros, Nilson Rodrigues
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Res??duos s??lidos ,Catadores de lixo ,Parintins/AM ,ENGENHARIA DE PRODU????O [ENGENHARIAS] ,Plano de gest??o ,Garbage collectors ,Management plan ,Solid waste - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:10:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felicissimo Barbosa de Souza.pdf: 1889177 bytes, checksum: 2d39f2b4e208053d7636bf32a98d6013 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-14 The amount of solid waste discarded by the urban population increases every day, becoming a problem for city managers. A viable solution, that assists municipal management, is the collection of solid waste recycled by collectors in an organized way and direction of waste for recycling. In Parintins, the Association of Garbage Collectors in Parintins - ASCALPIN performs the work of collecting, sorting, baling and sale of recyclable solid waste collected by its members. However, the collectors of ASCALPIN have no knowledge of management both in relation to work organization and administration of the association. In order to change this situation, this thesis aims to propose a management plan for the garbage collectors association of Parintins - ASCALPIN. The methodology used the descriptive and as a means to field research, the technique of direct observation and interviews. As a result we obtained a current diagnosis of ASCALPIN, from which it was developed a management plan for the association. This plan contemplates from the organizing daily activities of scavengers to aspects related to infrastructure works where ASCALPIN A quantidade de res??duos s??lidos descartada pela popula????o das cidades aumenta a cada dia, tornando-se um problema para os gestores municipais. Uma solu????o vi??vel, que auxilia a gest??o municipal, ?? a coleta dos res??duos s??lidos recicl??veis pelos catadores de forma organizada e o direcionamento desses res??duos para a reciclagem. Em Parintins, a Associa????o dos Catadores de Lixo de Parintins ASCALPIN realiza os trabalhos de coleta, sele????o, enfardamento e venda dos res??duos s??lidos recicl??veis coletados por seus associados. Por??m, os catadores da ASCALPIN n??o possuem conhecimento de gest??o tanto com rela????o ?? organiza????o do trabalho quanto a administra????o da associa????o. Visando mudar essa situa????o, essa disserta????o tem como objetivo propor um plano de gest??o para associa????o de catadores de lixo de Parintins ASCALPIN. Como metodologia utilizou-se a pesquisa descritiva e como meios a pesquisa de campo, a t??cnica de observa????o direta e entrevistas. Como resultados obteve-se um diagn??stico atual da ASCALPIN, a partir do qual foi desenvolvido um plano de gest??o para a associa????o. Esse plano contempla desde a organiza????o das tarefas di??rias dos catadores at?? aspectos relativos ?? infraestrutura do local onde funciona a ASCALPIN
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- 2012
45. Os agentes ambientais e a logística reversa dos resíduos sólidos urbanos na cidade de Juiz de Fora - MG
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Pimenta, Aline de Barros, Borges, Marcos Martins, Abdalla, José Gustavo Francis, and Lima Junior, Pedro de Novais
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ENGENHARIAS [CNPQ] ,Resíduos sólidos urbanos ,Urban solid waste ,Logística reversa ,Catadores ,Reverse logistics ,Garbage collectors - Abstract
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Em função da geração crescente e diversificada de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos e da implantação de um sistema de gestão inadequado, configura-se o agravamento de problemas ambientais, econômicos e sociais, relacionados tanto à saúde pública, quanto à contaminação do solo e da água. Diante deste contexto urbano, mundialmente reproduzido, apresenta-se como objetivo específico evidenciar a atividade logística reversa informal, realizada pelos catadores, e a sua capacidade de ampliar as possibilidades produtivas da tecnologia reversa e potencializar a redução, reutilização e reciclagem energética e material dos resíduos sólidos produzidos cotidianamente. A fim de avaliar a relação entre os trabalhadores de rua (catadores), o ambiente de trabalho e a qualidade de vida que caracteriza seus hábitos e atuações na cidade de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, foram analisados dados aferidos em 2008 e reiterados em 2010 e 2011, com base em referencial teórico multidisciplinar com o propósito de viabilizar uma análise apurada da realidade da gestão municipal de resíduos sólidos em comparação à realidade nacional. A busca por uma maior eficiência das políticas de gestão dos resíduos sólidos e da integração deste sistema está diretamente relacionada à conscientização de seus geradores e o comprometimento dos diversos setores, públicos e privados. Com a análise do potencial ambiental, econômico e social da redução, reutilização e reciclagem, energética e material, dos resíduos sólidos gerados e coletados na cidade, foi possível inferir que a gestão adequada de resíduos associa-se à maior sustentabilidade das operações de logística reversa e reinserção de bens e materiais ao ciclo produtivo. Due to the growing and diverse generation of urban solid waste and the establishment of an inadequate management system, the environmental, economic and social problems, all related to the public health and the contamination of soil and water, have gotten worse. In the face of this urban context, reproduced worldwide, it is presented as a specific objective to evidence the reverse logistics informal activity, conducted by the garbage collectors, and its ability to expand the productive possibilities of the reverse technology and enhance the energetic and material reduction, reuse and recycling of solid waste produced daily. In order to evaluate the relationship between street workers (garbage collectors), the work environment and the quality of life that characterizes their habits and actions in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, were analyzed measured data in 2008 and repeated in 2010 and 2011, based on a multidisciplinary theoretical reference with the aim of enabling a detailed analysis of the reality of the municipal management of solid waste in comparison to the national reality. The search for a greater efficiency of management policies of solid waste and the integration of this system is directly related to the awareness of their generators and the commitment of several sectors, public and private. By analyzing the environmental, economic and social potential of the reduction, reuse and recycling, energetic and material, of solid waste generated and collected in the city, we could infer that the proper management of waste has been associated to a greater sustainability of the reverse logistics operations and reintegration of goods and materials to the production cycle.
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- 2012
46. The garbage collectors work: occupational risks versus health damages
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Tokico Murakawa Moriya, Maria Lúcia do Carmo Cruz Robazzi, Elucir Gir, and Janete Pessuto
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lcsh:RT1-120 ,Service (business) ,Work Accidents ,lcsh:Nursing ,Trabalhadores ,Coletores de lixo ,Sample (statistics) ,Work (electrical) ,Environmental health ,Damages ,Business ,Acidentes de Trabalho ,Garbage ,Workers ,Garbage collectors ,General Nursing - Abstract
Os autores estudaram o tipo de serviço executado por 36 coletores de lixo, de uma cidade do interior do Estado de são Paulo, observando o elevado índice de ausências ao trabalho por problemas decorrentes de acidentes de trabalho e de saúde, principalmente. Concomitantemente constaram vários riscos ocupacionais e o desuso de equipamentos de proteção individual a eles fornecidos, o que provavelmente contribui, entre outras causas, para o número de ausências ao trabalho. The authors studied the kind of work a sample of 36 garbage collectors have been doing in a city of the State of São Paulo. A high frequency of occupational accidents and sick-due to health problem and some occupational risks was observed among them, and also that these worker haven't worn the individual protection equipament received, that probably contributes to such number of stop workwing.
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- 1994
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47. Catadores da sobrevivência: a 'matéria viva' no cenário do lixo
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Carlos Antonio de Souza Moraes
- Subjects
Garbage collectors. Garbage. Life reports ,Catadores de lixo ,Life reports ,Relatos de vida ,lcsh:H1-99 ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,Garbage ,Lixo ,lcsh:Science (General) ,Garbage collectors ,lcsh:Q1-390 - Abstract
The purpose of the article is to discuss the identity of the garbage collector in the present time, and analyze what led this person to engage in such activity. Thus, we carried out an essentially qualitative methodology (based on field observations and interviews with 10 collectors) that could provide the knowledge concerning their life story and garbage collection. Results indicate that these workers are mostly men, with low level of education, age group between 40 and 81 years, with former devaluated and depreciated occupations and no informal economic activities. In this in case, one cannot ignore the inherent factors to the activity: low wages, precarious working conditions, and factors generated from it (health problems, competition, solidarity, prejudice, discrimination) that mark the itineraries that these actors of the garbage collection explore. Este artigo objetiva identificar quem é o catador de lixo na atualidade, além de analisar o que o levou a desempenhar esta atividade. Para tanto, realizamos pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo que possibilitaram compreender a trajetória de vida dos catadores relacionada ao trabalho com o lixo. Os resultados indicam que eles são, sobretudo, homens, com baixo nível de escolaridade, mais de 40 anos, possuindo um histórico em que suas ocupações são desvalorizadas e subalternizadas. Neste caso, nossas análises consideraram os fatores inerentes à atividade do lixo: baixos rendimentos, precárias condições de trabalho... E os gerados a partir dela: concorrência, solidariedade, estigmas.
- Published
- 2010
48. Work, Health and Organization in Garbage Collectors of Fortaleza, Brazil
- Author
-
MAciel, R. H., Matos, T. G. R., Eulaidia De Araujo Vieira, Maria, Fontenelle, M. F., Santos, J. B. F., Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITUS, Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), TROUFLEAU, Pascal, Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon)
- Subjects
[SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,[SHS.DEMO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography ,Fortaleza ,[SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Work and Health ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,garbage collectors ,work organization ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,[SHS.DEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2010
49. A estratégia de 'redução' e a carga de trabalho dos coletores de lixo domiciliar de uma grande cidade: estudo de caso baseado na Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho
- Author
-
Vasconcelos, Renata Campos, Lima, Francisco de Paula Antunes, Abreu, Ana Carolina Medeiros da Silveira, Silva, Raquel Christine Ribeiro, Camarotto, João Alberto, and Murta, Edmar Pires
- Subjects
carga de trabalho ,método de trabalho ,organização do trabalho ,Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho ,working method ,coletores de lixo domiciliar ,residential garbage ,garbage collectors ,work organization ,Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) ,workload - Abstract
Este trabalho descreve a utilização do método de "redução" como estratégia de trabalho desenvolvida pelos coletores de lixo ("garis") de uma grande cidade e seus reflexos na organização e na carga de trabalho. O método de "redução" consiste de atividade preparatória à coleta de lixo por meio da formação de "estoques intermediários" antes do carregamento nos caminhões. O trabalho dos garis foi estudado utilizando-se a metodologia da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET), complementada por avaliações de esforço físico. Quanto à organização do trabalho, verificou-se que, ao utilizarem esta estratégia, os garis trabalham em ritmo mais cadenciado, conseguem executar melhor as tarefas de separação do lixo, como os sacos plásticos contendo vidros, podem interagir entre eles e estabelecer relações amistosas com os cidadãos sobre melhores práticas de acondicionamento do lixo. Em relação à segurança e à saúde, ao utilizarem este método, os garis ficam menos sujeitos a riscos de cortes, atropelamentos, quedas e desavenças com motoristas no trânsito, além de realizarem o trabalho com menos esforço físico. Concluiu-se que a utilização da "redução" não apenas diminui o esforço físico e a exposição a riscos de acidentes, mas também melhora a qualidade da coleta de lixo domiciliar. This article discusses the "reduction" process as a working strategy implemented by the garbage collectors of a big city and its influence on workload and work organization. The so called "reduction" process consists in preparing garbage bags to be collected piling up 'intermediate stocks' before they are loaded on trucks. Garbage collectors' activitiy was studied through Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA), supplemented by physiological and biomechanical workload measuring. As far as work organization is concerned, it was observed that when garbage collectors adopt this strategy they improve their work rhythm; they have more possibilities to separate garbage, such as plastic bags containing glass pieces from the rest; they manage to interact more with co-workers and communicate better with local residents on better ways of garbage packing. As regard to health and safety, when garbage collectors follow this process they are less liable to getting cut, to being run over, to falling down or to having quarrels with drivers, and their tasks are performed with less biomechanical load. The authors concluded that the "reduction" strategy not only decreases biomechanical load and exposure to risks, but also improves residential garbage collection.
- Published
- 2008
50. A estratégia de 'redução' e a carga de trabalho dos coletores de lixo domiciliar de uma grande cidade: estudo de caso baseado na Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho
- Author
-
Renata Campos Vasconcelos, João Alberto Camarotto, Raquel Christine Ribeiro Silva, Ana Carolina Medeiros da Silveira Abreu, Edmar Pires Murta, and Francisco de Paula Antunes Lima
- Subjects
carga de trabalho ,método de trabalho ,working method ,residential garbage ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,work organization ,General Medicine ,workload ,organização do trabalho ,Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho ,coletores de lixo domiciliar ,garbage collectors ,Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) - Abstract
Este trabalho descreve a utilização do método de "redução" como estratégia de trabalho desenvolvida pelos coletores de lixo ("garis") de uma grande cidade e seus reflexos na organização e na carga de trabalho. O método de "redução" consiste de atividade preparatória à coleta de lixo por meio da formação de "estoques intermediários" antes do carregamento nos caminhões. O trabalho dos garis foi estudado utilizando-se a metodologia da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET), complementada por avaliações de esforço físico. Quanto à organização do trabalho, verificou-se que, ao utilizarem esta estratégia, os garis trabalham em ritmo mais cadenciado, conseguem executar melhor as tarefas de separação do lixo, como os sacos plásticos contendo vidros, podem interagir entre eles e estabelecer relações amistosas com os cidadãos sobre melhores práticas de acondicionamento do lixo. Em relação à segurança e à saúde, ao utilizarem este método, os garis ficam menos sujeitos a riscos de cortes, atropelamentos, quedas e desavenças com motoristas no trânsito, além de realizarem o trabalho com menos esforço físico. Concluiu-se que a utilização da "redução" não apenas diminui o esforço físico e a exposição a riscos de acidentes, mas também melhora a qualidade da coleta de lixo domiciliar.
- Published
- 2008
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