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6 results on '"alpha-rays"'

1. Determination of absolute Np L x-ray emission intensities from 241Am decay using a metallic magnetic calorimeter

Author

Matias Rodrigues, Martin Loidl, Sylvie Pierre, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and European Project: EMPIR 17FUN02,MetroMMC

Subjects
instrumentation, standardization, detector, metallic magnetic calorimeter, Decay data measurement, General Engineering, Primary activity measurement, gamma-rays, spectrum analysis, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], calibration, alpha-rays, spectrometry, metrology, detection efficiency, radioactivity, X-rays, calorimeter, photons, ionizing radiation, signal processing, nuclear instrumentation
Abstract

Photon emission intensities of radionuclides, i.e. the number of emitted photons per decay, are the single most important decay data when the photon spectrometry technique is employed in ionizing radiation metrology. However, their precise measurement is problematic because they are usually determined by photon spectrometry with spectrometers having a detection efficiency calibrated with x-ray and γ-ray emission intensities from other radionuclides. Therefore, these intensities are ultimately interdependent and correlated to some extent. A novel method was applied to determine the photon intensities of α-emitting radionuclides by measuring the ratio between the rate of photons in the full energy peaks and the rate of detected α-particles with the same detection set-up. Thus, there is no need to calibrate the detection efficiency and to standardize calibration sources by primary methods. The main condition to reach low uncertainties is to have a spectrometer with an intrinsic detection efficiency close to unity for the measured photons and α-particles. This condition was fulfilled by a metallic magnetic calorimeter (MMC) with an intrinsic efficiency of around 99% between 5 keV and 25 keV. In addition, the MMC provides an ultra-high energy resolution of 28 eV (full width at half maximum), facilitating the processing of the spectrum. The method was applied to determine L x-ray emission intensities from the decay of 241Am(α) → 237Np emitted between 11.9 keV and 22.4 keV. A total L x-ray emission intensity of 37.90 (12) per 100 disintegrations was obtained; the value agrees well with previous measurements and has a lower uncertainty. The uncertainties of the L x-ray groups Lα, Lηβ and Lγ were improved by a factor of two. Moreover, due to the high-energy resolution of 28 eV, a detailed set of 33 L x-ray emission intensities are provided.

Published
2023

2. Development of a compact alpha and beta camera for dismantlement applications

Author

Sylvain Leblond, Pascal Fichet, Rémi Laumonier, Sophie Billon, Paul Sardini, Kimberly Colas, Laboratoire d’analyse en soutien aux exploitants (LASE), Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces (SEARS), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Ateliers Laumonier, France (13 Ateliers Laumonier, 11 rue de Chenival - BP 29 - F-95690 Nesles la Vallée, France), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and This work was performed within the Investments for the future program of the French Government and operated by the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Andra).

Subjects
instrumentation, gamma imaging, Electronic architecture, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, dismantling, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, gamma-rays, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], image reconstruction, Pollution, plastic scintillator, alpha-rays, beta imaging, alpha imaging, Analytical Chemistry, image processing, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, radioactivity, beta-rays, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, ionizing radiation, signal processing, Spectroscopy, nuclear instrumentation
Abstract

International audience; A new method has been developed to image surface contamination on-site by short range radiation emitters (such as alpha or beta particle emitters). The measurement is performed in direct contact with the contaminated surface and uses a solid scintillator coupled with Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays. The signal readout is processed using a dedicated electronic. The experimental setup used to acquire the data, as well as the analysis procedure, are described and the results are discussed with regard to dismantling requirements. Image reconstruction is investigated using various algorithms. A proof of principle is performed in laboratory using a simple prototype and multiple alpha and beta sources. All the common beta and alpha emitters are detected (including tritium) and tests on gamma radiation are also performed. The minimum detectable activity is estimated to be 0.4 Bq/cm² for beta radiations (14C) and 0.3 Bq/cm² for alpha radiations (239Pu). Finally, promising discrimination capability of the prototype is highlighted.

Published
2022

3. Preparation and performance of plastic scintillators with copper iodide complex-loaded for radiation detection

Author

Wen Li, Yunyun Li, Martin Nikl, Matthieu Hamel, Hongshu Wu, Sen Qian, Romana Kucerkova, Vladimir Babin, Guohao Ren, Yuntao Wu, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), China Jiliang University (CJLU), Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (FZU / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 12005288), the State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect (grant no. SKLIPR2119), the State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics (grant no. SKLPDE-KF-202112), and the Advance Launch Fund of Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shanghai Institute of Ceramics (2020). Partial support of the Operational Program Research, Development and Education financed by European Structural and Investment Funds and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Project No. SOLID21 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000760) is acknowledged.

Subjects
Plastic scintillator, instrumentation, Polymers and Plastics, Cu-based phosphorescent complex, Organic Chemistry, spectrum analysis, gamma-rays, optical transmittance, alpha-rays, poly(vinyltoluene), radioactivity, polymerization, X-rays, Radiation detection, Materials Chemistry, phosphorescent sensitizer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ionizing radiation, nuclear instrumentation
Abstract

International audience; Development of plastic scintillators loaded with low-cost phosphorescent sensitizer is currently an important topic toward enhancing the scintillation light yield for radiation detection applications. In this work, we report plastic scintillators loaded with deep-blue-emitting phosphorescent sensitizer CuI(PPh$_3$)$_2$(t-BuPy), where PPh$_3$ and $t$-BuPy stand for triphenylphosphine and 4-$tert$-butylpyridine, respectively. CuI(PPh$_3$)$_2$($t$-BuPy)-loaded poly(vinyltoluene) plastic scintillators with a high optical transmittance of over 80% were synthesized via bulk polymerization method. The optical absorption, photoluminescence spectra and decay kinetics, and scintillation performance under X-ray, $\gamma$-ray, and $\alpha$-particle excitation were comprehensively investigated. The scintillation yield was reduced with the increase of CuI(PPh$_3$)$_2$($t$-BuPy) loading concentration. The physical mechanism and the role of the copper iodide complex in scintillation yield reduction are proposed.

Published
2022

4. A reliable absolute and relative bayesian method for nuclear decommissioning: low-level radioactivity detection with gamma-ray spectrometry

Author

Frederick Carrel, Thomas Dautremer, Maugan Michel, Nicolas Dufour, Frederic Laine, Hanan Arahmane, Jonathan Dumazert, Eric Barat, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation de Systèmes (LM2S)

Subjects
Bayesian hypothesis test, Computer science, Bayesian probability, 02 engineering and technology, spectrum analysis, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, surface activity of uranium in concrete, alpha-rays, Constant false alarm rate, uranium, spectrometry, decommissioning, Frequentist inference, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, signal processing, nuclear instrumentation, Statistical hypothesis testing, gamma spectrometry, instrumentation, detector, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Probabilistic logic, Response time, gamma-rays, Semiconductor detector, radioactivity, A priori and a posteriori, ionizing radiation, Algorithm, Non Parametric Bayesian method
Abstract

International audience; In this article, we aim at measuring a low-activity uranium contamination deposited on concrete surfaces of a nuclear facility and presenting varying enrichment levels. Considering this application field, CEA LIST, has developed an original approach, combining gamma-ray spectrometry based on high-purity germanium (HPGe) measurements and specific Bayesian algorithms. This methodology gives access to an indirect surface activity estimation, assuming that the ratio between the number of alpha particles to be quantified and the number of detected gamma rays is known. The Bayesian approach characteristic property is able to inject a representation of the physical context in the form of a probabilistic a priori. It enables to improve the tradeoff between the true detection rate (TDR) and the false alarm rate (FAR) at low count rates and takes benefit of a richer time-energy information structure than the algorithms used in the conventional detection procedures. The performance evaluation and characterization of Bayesian statistical tests are performed using classical receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves by comparison to frequentist hypothesis tests. Results indicate that the Bayesian approach has a superior detection performance for low-activity uranium contamination compared to the frequentist approach. The estimated gain is contained between 30% and 50%, considering a variable or stable radiological background. The Bayesian approach offers the best tradeoff between the TDR, FAR, and the response time and is compatible with the user's requirements.

Published
2021

5. Residual radioactivity of treated green diamonds

Author

Philippe Cassette, Thomas Hainschwang, Emmanuel Fritsch, Sylvie Pierre, Franck Notari, Candice Caplan, Marie-Christine Lépy, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, GGTL Laboratories--GemTechlab Geneva (GGTL), GGTL Laboratories--GemTechlab, GGTL Laboratories (GEMLAB) Balzers (GGTL), GGTL Laboratories, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, alpha counting, Residual, 01 natural sciences, Radium, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Gamma ray spectrometry, gamma spectrometry, Radiation, gamma-rays, Contamination, Alpha Particles, Spectrometry, Gamma, Radioactivity, Jewelry, Radon, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], ionizing radiation, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry, Polonium, 210Po, Surface Properties, Health impact, Color, chemistry.chemical_element, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], alpha-rays, spectrometry, 0103 physical sciences, Humans, 226Ra, Radiometry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Radioisotopes, Radiochemistry, Primary activity measurement, Regulatory policy, Beta Particles, Treated diamond, metrology, Activity measurements, chemistry, Gamma Rays, 13. Climate action, Radioactive gemstones, Diamond, Bismuth, 210Pb
Abstract

International audience; Treated green diamonds can show residual radioactivity, generally due to immersion in radium salts. We report various activity measurements on two radioactive diamonds. The activity was characterized by alpha and gamma ray spectrometry, and the radon emanation was measured by alpha counting of a frozen source. Even when no residual radium contamination can be identified, measurable alpha and high-energy beta emissions could be detected. The potential health impact of radioactive diamonds and their status with regard to the regulatory policy for radioactive products are discussed.

Published
2017

6. Detection of Special Nuclear Materials with tagged neutrons

Author

Vladimir Konzdrasovs, Gwenolé Corre, Cedric Carasco, Bertrand Perot, J. Gameiro, K. Boudergui, Clement Deyglun, Guillaume Sannie, Laboratoire de Mesures Nucléaires ( LMN ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information ( DM2I ), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies ( LIST ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Mesures Nucléaires (LMN), Service Mesures et modélisation des Transferts et des Accidents graves (SMTA), Département Technologie Nucléaire (DTN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Département Technologie Nucléaire (DTN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), KEP Nuclear, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))

Subjects
Data acquisition system, Special nuclear materials, Neutron detector, Nuclear engineering, Radioactive materials, Semiconductor detectors, associated particle technique, Nuclear instrumentation, 01 natural sciences, Prompt neutron, Neutron generator, Neutron detection, Cargo container inspection system, Inspection equipment, Instrumentation, Tagged neutron inspection system, Fusion reactions, Physics, Associated particle techniques, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Semiconductor detector, Neutron sources, Medical imaging, Gamma-rays, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Neutron detectors, Tagged neutron inspection systems, Numerical models, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Scintillator, plastic scintillator, alpha-rays, Containers, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], signal processing, 010306 general physics, Alpha particles, Neutrons, Neutron-gamma discrimination, detector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Inspection, Gamma rays, Data acquisition electronics, Data acquisition, Alpha particle, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Neutron source, Neutron-induced fission, MCNP PoliMi
Abstract

Conference of 2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop, NSS/MIC/RTSD 2016 ; Conference Date: 29 October 2016 Through 6 November 2016; Conference Code:131365; International audience; The Associated Particle Technique can be used to detect Special Nuclear Materials in cargo containers. A DT neutron generator, based on the 3H(2H,n)a fusion reaction, produces 14 MeV neutrons which are tagged both in direction and time with an embedded alpha detector. Prompt neutrons and gamma rays emitted during neutron-induced fissions are detected by plastic scintillators, in coincidence with the alpha particle. Nuclear materials are differentiated from non-nuclear materials and crosstalk events using high multiplicity coincidences. The data acquisition electronics is made of compact FPGA boards. Experiments performed with a mock-up of the measurement system are reported and compared to calculations to validate numerical simulation and post-processing tools. Measurements have been performed with different targets made of iron, lead, or uranium, placed in metallic or wood cargo matrixes. The performances of a full scale cargo container inspection system, with a larger number of detectors optimized for container inspection, are also studied by numerical simulation. Random background due to neutrons which are not correlated with an alpha particle, counting statistics, time and energy resolutions of the data acquisition system, are all taken into account to model the measurements as realistically as possible. A wide range of inspections, with the suspicious item in different positions in different cargo matrixes, have been studied.

Published
2016

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