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Background: Equipoise exists regarding the benefit of adjuvant therapy (AT) in patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC). The aim of this study was to critically review the available evidence for the effectiveness of AT in patients with GBC following surgery with curative intent., Methods: A systematic review was performed. Relevant studies were identified from Trip Database, BIREME-BVS, SciELO, Cochrane Central Register, WoS, MEDLINE, EMBASE and SCOPUS. Adjuvant therapies considered included chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and radiotherapy. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Subgorup analysis of patients with positive lymph node disease (PLND), positive surgical margin (PSM), or advanced stage (AS) were performed., Results: 748 related articles were identified; 27 met the selection criteria (3 systematic reviews and 24 observational studies). Evidence provided was moderate, poor and very poor for chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and radiotherapy. Existing evidence is not robust, but suggests certain benefits with AT in improving OS, especially in patients with PLND, PSM and AS., Conclusion: Results do not provide strong evidence that AT is effective in patients who undergo resection for GBC. Subgroups of PLND and PSM may have a survival advantage. Future studies with appropriate internal validity and adequate number of patients are required to better answer this question., (Copyright © 2019 International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To describe the results of the extension of surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in incidental gallbladder cancer (CVB), in terms of postoperative morbidity (POM) and 5-year overall survival rate., Method: Case series of patients operated on for incidental GBC in Clínica Mayor, Temuco, Chile (2001-2016). All cases were treated by partial hepatectomy (segments IVb and V), and regional lymphadenectomy. The minimum follow-up time was 12 months. Outcome variables were MPO and 5-year overall survival rate. Other variables of interest were: infiltration depth in vesicular wall, lymph nodes and resected liver; surgical time, need for reoperation, hospital stay, follow-up and mortality. Descriptive statistics were applied as well as bivariate analysis applying Fisher's exact and t-test and non-parametrical tests for continuous variables and Kaplan Meier curves., Results: The series was composed of 50 patients, whose average age was 58.6 ± 9.6 years; 68.0% of which were women. The mean surgical time and hospital stay were 224 ± 93 min (90 to 480) and 6.9 ± 2.9 days (4 to 20), respectively. POM was 28.0%. 5-year overall survival rate was 47%. There were no reoperations or mortality., Conclusions: The results verified in terms of POM and 5-year overall survival rate are similar to previously reported series., (Copyright: © 2019 Permanyer.)