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Numerical simulations play an essential role in helping us to understand the physical processes behind relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei. The large number of hydrodynamic codes available today enables a variety of different numerical algorithms to be utilized when conducting the simulations. Since many of the simulations presented in the literature use different combinations of algorithms it is important to quantify the differences in jet evolution that can arise due to the precise numerical schemes used. We conduct a series of simulations using the flash (magneto-)hydrodynamics code in which we vary the Riemann solver and spatial reconstruction schemes to determine their impact on the evolution and dynamics of the jets. For highly refined grids the variation in the simulation results introduced by the different combinations of spatial reconstruction scheme and Riemann solver is typically small. A high level of convergence is found for simulations using third-order spatial reconstruction with the Harten–Lax–Van-Leer with contact and Hybrid Riemann solvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that kpc-scale inverse-Compton (iC) scattering of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons into the X-ray band is mandated, proof of detection in resolved quasar jets is often insecure. High redshift provides favourable conditions due to the increased energy density of the CMB, and it allows constraints to be placed on the radio synchrotron-emitting electron component at high energies that are otherwise inaccessible. We present new X-ray, optical, and radio results from Chandra, HST , and the VLA for the core and resolved jet in the z  = 3.69 quasar PKS J1421−0643. The X-ray jet extends for about 4.5 arcsec (32 kpc projected length). The jet's radio spectrum is abnormally steep and consistent with electrons being accelerated to a maximum Lorentz factor of about 5000. Results argue in favour of the detection of iC X-rays for modest magnetic field strength of a few nT, Doppler factor of about 4, and viewing angle of about 15°, and predict the jet to be largely invisible in most other spectral bands including the far- and mid-infrared and high-energy gamma-ray. The jet power is estimated to be about 3 × 1046 erg s−1 which is of order a tenth of the quasar bolometric power, for an electron–positron jet. The jet radiative power is only about 0.07 per cent of the jet power, with a smaller radiated power ratio if the jet contains heavy particles, so most of the jet power is available for heating the intergalactic medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present new high-resolution and high-sensitivity studies of the jets in the WAT source 3C 465, using deep transverse-resolved radio observations from e-MERLIN, and with complementary observations from the Very Large Array (VLA). We derive a lower limit β j = (ν j/ c) ≳ 0.5 for the jet speed, and an upper limit |$\theta _{\rm j}\, \lesssim$| 61° for the jet angle to the line of sight. The jet spectral index (α , defined in the sense S  ∝  ν α ) is fairly constant (< α jet > = − 0.7), and spectral flattening within 4.4 kpc of the core coincides with bright knots and is consistent with the site of X-ray particle acceleration at the base of the radio jet found in previous studies. There is little difference between the spectra of the two hotspot components, plausibly indicating that electron populations of the same properties are injected there. The north-west (NW) and south-east (SE) plumes are approximately homologous structures, with variations in mass injection and propagation in external pressure and density gradients in the two regions plausibly accounting for the slightly steeper spectrum in the NW plume, < α NWp> = −1.43 compared with the SE plume, < α SEp> = −1.38. Our synchrotron lifetime model supports plausible reacceleration of particles within the plume materials. Overall, our results show that the first-order Fermi process at mildly relativistic and non-relativistic shocks is the most likely acceleration mechanism at play in 3C 465 and distinguish differences between the acceleration at |$\beta _{\rm j}\, \gt $| 0.5 and |$\beta _{\rm j}\, \lt $| 0.5. The former case can accelerate electrons to higher Lorentz factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radio galaxy 3C 75 is remarkable because it contains a pair of radio-loud active galaxies, each of which produces a two-sided jet, with the jet beams appearing to collide and merge to the west of the galaxies. Motivated by 3C 75, we have conducted three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of jet collisions. We have extended previous studies by modelling the physical properties of the cluster atmosphere, including an external wind, and using realistic jet powers obtained from observational data. We are able to produce a morphology similar to that of 3C 75. The simulations imply that direct contact between the bulk jet flows on the west of the source is required to produce a morphology consistent with 3C 75. We quantify how the merging jets decelerate, how the wind deflects the jets and cocoons, the entrainment of intra-cluster material into the cocoons, the cocoon energetics, and how the jet interactions generate enstrophy. By comparing simulations of pairs of two-sided jets with those of single two-sided sources, we determine how the interaction between two bipolar jets changes their evolution. The unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution of upcoming observatories will lead to the detection of many more complex sources at high redshift, where interacting jets are expected to be more numerous. The morphology of these complex sources can provide significant insight into the conditions in their environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a spectral analysis of the lobes and X-ray jets of Cygnus A, using more than 2 Ms of Chandra observations. The X-ray jets are misaligned with the radio jets and significantly wider. We detect non-thermal emission components in both lobes and jets. For the eastern lobe and jet, we find 1 keV flux densities of $$71_{-10}^{+10}$$ and $$24_{-4}^{+4}$$ nJy, and photon indices of $$1.72_{-0.03}^{+0.03}$$ and $$1.64_{-0.04}^{+0.04}$$ , respectively. For the western lobe and jet, we find flux densities of $$50_{-13}^{+12}$$ and $$13_{-5}^{+5}$$ nJy, and photon indices of $$1.97_{-0.10}^{+0.23}$$ and $$1.86_{-0.12}^{+0.18}$$ , respectively. Using these results, we modelled the electron energy distributions of the lobes as broken power laws with age breaks. We find that a significant population of non-radiating particles is required to account for the total pressure of the eastern lobe. In the western lobe, no such population is required and the low energy cutoff to the electron distribution there needs to be raised to obtain pressures consistent with observations. This discrepancy is a consequence of the differing X-ray photon indices, which may indicate that the turnover in the inverse-Compton (IC) spectrum of the western lobe is at lower energies than in the eastern lobe. We modelled the emission from both jets as IC emission. There is a narrow region of parameter space for which the X-ray jet can be a relic of an earlier active phase, although lack of knowledge about the jet’s electron distribution and particle content makes the modelling uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present new X-ray (Chandra) and radio (ATCA) observations of the z = 0.09 radio galaxy PKS B1416-493, a member of the southern equivalent of the 3CRR sample. We find the source to be embedded in a previously unrecognized bright kT = 4.6-keV non cool-core cluster. The discovery of new clusters of such high temperature and luminosity within z = 0.1 is rare. The radio source was chosen for observation based on its intermediate FR I/II morphology. We identify a cavity coincident with the northeast lobe, and excess counts associated with the southwest lobe that we interpret as inverse-Compton X-ray emission. The jet power, at 5.3 x 1044 erg s-1, when weighted by radio source density, supports suggestions that radio sources of intermediate morphology and radio power may dominate radio-galaxy heating in the local Universe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on deep Chandra observations of the nearby broad-line radio galaxy Pictor A, which we combine with new Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) observations. The new X-ray data have a factor of 4 more exposure than observations previously presented and span a 15 yr time baseline, allowing a detailed study of the spatial, temporal and spectral properties of theAGN, jet, hotspot and lobes.We present evidence for further time variation of the jet, though the flare that we reported in previouswork remains the most significantly detected time-varying feature. We also confirm previous tentative evidence for a faint counterjet. Based on the radio through X-ray spectrum of the jet and its detailed spatial structure, and on the properties of the counterjet, we argue that inverse-Compton models can be conclusively rejected, and propose that the X-ray emission from the jet is synchrotron emission from particles accelerated in the boundary layer of a relativistic jet. For the first time, we find evidence that the bright western hotspot is also time-varying in X-rays, and we connect this to the small-scale structure in the hotspot seen in high-resolution radio observations. The new data allow us to confirm that the spectrum of the lobes is in good agreement with the predictions of an inverse-Compton model and we show that the data favour models in which the filaments seen in the radio images are predominantly the result of spatial variation of magnetic fields in the presence of a relatively uniform electron distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the discovery of optical and X-ray synchrotron emission from the brighter radio jet in galaxy NGC 7385 using data from HST and Chandra. The jet has a projected length of 5 kpc and a similar morphology to other known optical jets in low-power radio galaxies. We also report a strong jet-cloud interaction which appears to be deflecting the counter-jet and causing a reversal in its direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most X-ray studies of radio-mode feedback have concentrated on locally-abundant low-power radio sources in relatively rich cluster environments. But the scaling found between mechanical and radiative power, when combined with the radio luminosity function, means that half of the heating in the local Universe is expected from higher-power sources, which lie within a factor of about three of the FRI/II transition, and these sources encounter a wide range of atmosphere properties. We summarize what is observed at FRI/II transition powers from a complete sample observed with modest Chandra exposure times. We then discuss two systems with deep Chandra data. In one we find that the work done in driving shocks exceeds that in evacuating cavities. This source also displays a remarkable jet-cloud interaction, and revealing hotspot X-ray emission. In the second we find evidence of radio-emitting plasma running along boundaries between gas of different temperature, apparently lubricating the gas flows and inhibiting heat transfer, and itself being heavily structured by the process. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We have completed a Chandra snapshot survey of 54 radio jets that are extended on arcsec scales. These are associated with flat spectrum radio quasars spanning a redshift range z=0.3 to 2.1. X-ray emission is detected from the jet of approximately 60% of the sample objects. We assume minimum energy and apply conditions consistent with the original Felten-Morrison calculations in order to estimate the Lorentz factors and the apparent Doppler factors. This allows estimates of the enthalpy fluxes, which turn out to be comparable to the radiative luminosities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

ABSTRACT PKS B2152−699, which has radio power characteristic of sources that dominate radio feedback, is exceptional in showing a wide range of features associated with radio-galaxy/gas interactions. We present new deep radio (Australia Telescope Compact Array), X-ray ( Chandra) and ground-based optical observations, and test the energetics of the feedback model. We report the first high-resolution observations of the radio jet, finding that the inner jet extends ∼8.5 kpc (10° viewing angle) in the direction of an optical emission-line high-ionization cloud (HIC) before taking a zigzag path to a position offset from the HIC. Jet synchrotron radiation to X-ray energies is seen. The HIC is associated with cool, kT∼ 0.3 keV, X-ray gas of anomalously low metallicity. On larger scales, the radio galaxy displays all three X-ray features that together confirm supersonic expansion of the lobes into the external medium: gas cavities, inverse Compton emission showing excess internal lobe pressure, and high-contrast arms of temperature above the kT∼ 1 keV ambient medium. The well-formed southern lobe on the counterjet side is expanding with a Mach number between 2.2 and 3. The lobe energy appears to be more gently dissipated in the north. We estimate a cavity power ∼3 × 1043 erg s−1, which falls well below previously reported correlations with radio power. The total inferred time-averaged jet power, ∼4 × 1044 erg s−1, is dominated by the kinetic and thermal energy of shocked gas, and if used instead would bring the source into better agreement with the correlations. The southern hotspot is the more complex, with a spiral polarization structure. Its bright peak emits synchrotron X-rays. The fainter northern hotspot is particularly interesting, with X-rays offset in the direction of the incoming jet by ∼1 arcsec relative to the radio peak. Here modest (δ∼ 6) relativistic beaming and a steep radio spectrum cause the jet to be X-ray bright through inverse Compton scattering before it decelerates. With such beaming, a modest proton content or small departure from minimum energy in the jet will align estimates of the instantaneous and time-averaged jet power. The hotspots suggest acceleration of electrons to a maximum energy ∼1013 eV in the jet termination shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present results from a 57.6 ks Chandra observation of the cluster gas associated with the fat-double radio galaxy 3C 310. We find a surface brightness discontinuity in the gas outside the southern radio lobe that we attribute to a shock driven by the supersonic inflation of this lobe ~180 kpc from the nucleus. Modeling the surface brightness/density jump, the shock has Mach number 1.5-1.9, depending on the assumptions one makes about the density profile and the nature of the energy input. There are not sufficient counts in the image to detect conclusively the temperature jump associated with the shock. The total mechanical energy of the outburst is 5 x 1060 erg. Assuming a Mach 1.9 shock, the age of the outburst is ~100 million yrs, and the time-averaged power of the outburst is ~1.3 x 1045 erg s-1. The power input is 100 times greater than the radiative losses of the gas within the radius of the shock. Most importantly, the equivalent heat input due to the entropy increase is roughly 10% of the thermal energy of the gas to the radius of the shock. 3C 310 is another example where regular outbursts of the observed strength with a duty cycle of 0.1 could offset the radiative losses of the gas near the Bondi radius and regulate feedback. We also detect a cool filamentary X-ray arm along the eastern periphery of the southern radio lobe. This arm is probably composed of low-entropy gas dredged up in the inflation of the radio plasma, similar to features seen in M87. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radio source 3C 270, hosted by nearby elliptical galaxy NGC 4261, is the brightest known example of counterjet X-ray emission from a low-power radio galaxy. We report on the X-ray emission of the jet and counterjet from 130 ks of Chandra data. We argue that the X-ray emission is synchrotron radiation and that the internal properties of the jet and counterjet are remarkably similar. We find a smooth connection in X-ray hardness and X-ray-to-radio ratio between the jet and one of the X-ray components within the core spectrum. We observe wedge-like depressions in diffuse X-ray surface brightness surrounding the jets, and interpret them as regions where an aged population of electrons provides pressure to balance the interstellar medium of NGC 4261. About 20 per cent of the mass of the interstellar medium has been displaced by the radio source. Treating 3C 270 as a twin-jet system, we find an interesting agreement between the ratio of jet-to-counterjet length in X-rays and that expected if X-rays are observed over the distance that an outflow from the core would have travelled in . X-ray synchrotron loss times are shorter than this, and we suggest that most particle acceleration arises as a result of turbulence and dissipation in a stratified flow. We speculate that an episode of activity in the central engine beginning ago has led to an increased velocity shear. This has enhanced the ability of the jet plasma to accelerate electrons to X-ray-synchrotron-emitting energies, forming the X-ray jet and counterjet that we see today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the brightest regions of the kpc-scale jet in the powerful radio galaxy 3C 346, using new optical Hubble Space Telescope ( HST) ACS/F606W polarimetry together with Chandra X-ray data and 14.9 and 22.5 GHz Very Large Array (VLA) radio polarimetry. The jet shows a close correspondence between optical and radio morphology, while the X-ray emission shows a offset from the optical and radio peak positions. Optical and radio polarimetry show the same apparent magnetic field position angle and fractional polarization at the brightest knot, where the jet undergoes a large kink of almost 70° in the optical and radio images. The apparent field direction here is well aligned with the new jet direction, as predicted by earlier work that suggested the kink was the result of an oblique shock. We have explored models of the polarization from oblique shocks to understand the geometry of the 3C 346 jet, and find that the upstream flow is likely to be highly relativistic , where the plane of the shock front is inclined at an angle of to the upstream flow which is at an angle deg to our line of sight. The actual deflection angle of the jet in this case is only 22°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present Chandra X-ray results for the jet, nucleus and gaseous atmosphere of NGC 315, a nearby radio galaxy whose jet kinematics are known through deep radio mapping. Diffuse X-ray synchrotron emission is detected from the jet out to 30 arcsec from the nucleus, through regions both of fast bulk flow and deceleration. The X-ray-to-radio flux ratio drops considerably where the flow decelerates, but the X-ray and radio emissions show similar transverse extents throughout, requiring distributed particle acceleration to maintain the supply of X-ray-emitting electrons. A remarkable knotty filament within the jet is seen in both the radio and X-ray, contributing roughly 10 per cent of the diffuse emission along its extent at both wavelengths. No completely satisfactory explanation for the filament is found, though its oscillatory appearance, roughly aligned magnetic field and requirements for particle acceleration, suggest that it is a magnetic strand within a shear layer between fast inner and slower outer flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the structure of the kpc-scale jet in the nearby radio galaxy 3C 15, using new optical Hubble Space Telescope ( HST) ACS/F606W polarimetry together with archival multiband HST imaging, Chandra X-ray data and 8.4-GHz VLA radio polarimetry. The new data confirm that synchrotron radiation dominates in the optical. With matched beams, the jet is generally narrower in the optical than in the radio, suggesting a stratified flow. We examine a simple two-component model comprising a highly relativistic spine and lower-velocity sheath. This configuration is broadly consistent with polarization angle differences seen in the optical and radio data. The base of the jet is relatively brighter in the ultraviolet and X-ray than at lower energies, and the radio and optical polarization angles vary significantly as the jet brightens downstream. Further out, the X-ray intensity rises again and the apparent magnetic field becomes simpler, indicating a strong shock. Modelling the synchrotron spectrum of this brightest X-ray knot provides an estimate of its minimum internal pressure, and a comparison with the thermal pressure from X-ray emitting gas shows that the knot is overpressured and likely to be a temporary, expanding feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the first detection, with Chandra, of X-ray emission from the jet of the powerful narrow-line radio galaxy 3C 346. X-rays are detected from the bright radio and optical knot at which the jet apparently bends by approximately 70°. The Chandra observation also reveals a bright galaxy-scale atmosphere within the previously known cluster and provides a good X-ray spectrum for the bright core of 3C 346. The X-ray emission from the knot is synchrotron radiation, as seen in lower-power sources. In common with these sources, there is evidence of morphological differences between the radio/optical and X-ray structures, and the spectrum is inconsistent with a one-component continuous-injection model. We suggest that the X-ray-bright knot is associated with a strong oblique shock in a moderately relativistic, light jet, at∼ 20° to the line of sight, and that this shock is caused by the jet interacting with the wake in the cluster medium behind the companion galaxy of 3C 346. The general jet curvature can result from pressure gradients in the cluster atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have observed the twin-jet radio galaxy 3C 296 withChandra. X-ray emission is detected from the nucleus, from the inner parts of the radio jet and from a small-scale thermal environment around the jet deceleration region. As we have found in previous observations of other twin-jet radio galaxies, the X-ray jet and a steep pressure gradient in the external thermal environment are associated with the region where strong bulk deceleration of the jet material is suggested by radio observations. Our observations provide additional evidence that the inner jets of twin-jet objects are always associated with a relatively cool, dense central X-ray emitting component with a short cooling time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Evidence has been found for optical emission from the northern radio jet of 3C 31, the radio source associated with NGC 383. The jet emerges from the dust disc and ring of emission at a radius of 5 arcsec, and within 10.4 arcsec is measured to have a B-band flux of 2.1 μJy and an R-band flux of 2.3 μJy. The radio-to-optical spectral index of this region is 0.78. A second connected region, 11.8 arcsec along the jet in position angle 340°, found to have similar optical colours and radio-to-optical spectral index may also be jet emission. We combine our new data with recent radio and X-ray results to conclude that the emission of the jet is synchrotron from the radio to the X-ray. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an earlier paper we presented nuclear X-ray flux densities, measured with ROSAT, for the B2 bright sample of nearby low-luminosity radio galaxies. In this paper we construct a nuclear X-ray luminosity function for the B2 radio galaxies, and discuss the consequences of our results for models in which such radio galaxies are the parent population of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects. Based on our observations of the B2 sample, we use Monte Carlo techniques to simulate samples of beamed radio galaxies, and use the selection criteria of existing samples of BL Lac objects to compare our simulated results to what is observed. We find that previous analytical results are not applicable since the BL Lac samples are selected on beamed flux density. A simple model in which BL Lacs are the moderately beamed (γ ∼ 3) counterparts of radio galaxies, with some random dispersion (∼0.4 decades) in the intrinsic radio-X-ray relationship, can reproduce many of the features of the radio-selected and X-ray-selected BL Lac samples, including their radio and X-ray luminosity functions and the distributions of their radio-to-X-ray spectral indices. In contrast, models in which the X-ray and radio emission have systematically different beaming parameters cannot reproduce important features of the radio-galaxy and BL Lac populations, and recently proposed models in which the radio-toX-ray spectral index is a function of source luminosity cannot in themselves account for the differences in the slopes of the radio- and X-ray-selected BL Lac luminosity functions. The redshift distribution and number counts of the X-ray-selected Einstein Medium Sensitivity Survey (EMSS) sample are well reproduced by our best models, supporting a picture in which these objects are beamed Fanaroff-Riley type I radio galaxies with intrinsic luminosities similar to those of the B2 sample. However, we cannot match the redshift distribution of the radioselected 1-Jy sample, and it is likely that a... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Chandra ACIS observations of PKS 0521-365 find that the X-ray emission of this BL Lac object consists of emission from an unresolved core, a diffuse halo and a 2-arcsec jet feature coincident with the inner radio/optical jet. A comparison with a new ATCA 8.6-GHz map also finds X-ray emission from the bright hotspot south-east of the nucleus. The jet spectrum, from radio to X-ray, is probably synchrotron emission from an electron population with a broken power-law energy distribution, and resembles the spectra seen from the jets of low-power (FR I) radio galaxies. The hotspot X-ray flux is consistent with the expectations of synchrotron self-Compton emission from a plasma close to equipartition, as seen in studies of high-power (FR II) radio galaxies. While the angular structure of the halo is similar to that found by an analysis of the ROSAT High Resolution Imager image, its brightness is seen to be lower with Chandra, and the halo is best interpreted as thermal emission from an atmosphere of similar luminosity to the haloes around FR I radio galaxies. The X-ray properties of PKS 0521-365 are consistent with it being a foreshortened, beamed, radio galaxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have used a deep Chandra observation of the central regions of the twin-jet Fanaroff–Riley class I (FRI) radio galaxy 3C 31 to resolve the thermal X-ray emission in the central few kpc of the host galaxy, NGC 383, where the jets are thought to be decelerating rapidly. This allows us to make high-precision measurements of the density, temperature and pressure distributions in this region, and to show that the X-ray emitting gas in the centre of the galaxy has a cooling time of only 5×10[sup 7] yr . In a companion paper, these measurements are used to place constraints on models of the jet dynamics. A previously unknown one-sided X-ray jet in 3C 31, extending up to 8 arcsec from the nucleus, is detected and resolved. Its structure and steep X-ray spectrum are similar to those of X-ray jets known in other FRI sources, and we attribute the radiation to synchrotron emission from a high-energy population of electrons. In situ particle acceleration is required in the region of the jet where bulk deceleration is taking place. We also present X-ray spectra and luminosities of the galaxies in the Arp 331 chain of which NGC 383 is a member. The spectrum and spatial properties of the nearby bright X-ray source 1E 0104+3153 are used to argue that the soft X-ray emission is mostly due to a foreground group of galaxies rather than to the background broad absorption-line quasar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chandra Multiwavelength Project has discovered a jetlike structure associated with a newly recognized QSO at redshift z = 1.866. The system was 9farcm4 off-axis during an observation of 3C 207. Although significantly distorted by the mirror point-spread function, we use both a ray trace and a nearby bright point source to show that the X-ray image must arise from some combination of point and extended sources, or else from a minimum of three distinct point sources. We favor the former situation, as three unrelated sources would have a small probability of occurring by chance in such a close alignment. We show that interpretation as a jet emitting X-rays via inverse Compton scattering on the cosmic microwave background is plausible. This would be a surprising and unique discovery of a radio-quiet QSO with an X-ray jet, since we have obtained upper limits of 100 μJy on the QSO emission at 8.46 GHz and limits of 200 μJy for emission from the putative jet., Astronomy

A correction to the article "The structure of the jet in 3C 15 from multiband polarimetry," that was published in one of the previous issues of 2007, is presented.

We report the Chandra detection of resolved X-ray emission of luminosity 3.5 × 10[SUP40] erg s[SUP-1] (0.4-4.5 keV) and power-law energy spectral index α = 1.5 ± 0.7 from a roughly 10 arcsec length of the north-west radio jet in NGC 315. The X-ray emission is brightest at the base of the radio-bright region about 3 arcsec from the nucleus, and is consistent with a synchrotron origin. At a projected distance of 10 arcsec from the core, the jet is in approximate pressure balance with an external medium which is also detected through its X-ray emission and which has kT &ap; 0.6 ± 0.1 keV, consistent with earlier ROSAT results. The high spatial resolution and sensitivity of Chandra separates nuclear unresolved emission from the extended thermal emission of the galaxy atmosphere with higher precision than possible with previous telescopes. We measure an X-ray luminosity of 5.3 × 10[SUP41] erg s[SUP-1] (0.4-4.5 keV) and a power-law energy index of α = 0.4 ± 0.4 for the nuclear component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]