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The thesis deals with methods of working with pupils using improvised experiments. At the beginning of the thesis, the theoretical background of teaching physics with teaching aids is presented. These theoretical principles are then tested by pupils in school practice with specific experiments. These experiments are included in the practical part, which is complemented by audiovisual documentation, detailed analysis and final self-reflection on the experiment. The conclusion discusses the results of these experiments and the methods used. Additionally, a questionnaire survey focused on the teacher's approach to physics teaching and the use of improvised aids before, during and after distance learning during the Covid-19 epidemic complements the thesis.