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The fungus Fusarium oxysporum is responsible for causing a destructive wilting disease in numerous crops including banana. To date, only two non-TIR-NBS-LRR genes that confer resistance to F. oxysporum, the I2 and Fom-2 genes from tomato and melon, respectively, have been isolated. We previously identified two partial non-TIR-NBS sequences, designated RGC2 and RGC5, from FOC race 4 resistant banana, Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis. In the present study, we have isolated and characterized the entire cDNA sequences of RGC2 and RGC5 from the root transcriptome of M. acuminata ssp. malaccensis. The open reading frames (ORFs) of both genes were predicted to encode the typical structure of non-TIR-NBS-LRR proteins. Similarity searches using the entire ORF of RGC2 and RGC5 revealed considerable sequence similarity to the I2 gene. Further, phylogenetic analyses showed that the banana RGC2 and RGC5 clustered within the ancient non-TIR clade N1.1. Interestingly, although phylogenetically distantly related, the known Fusarium R genes I2 and Fom-2 also grouped within the clade N1.1. The fact that the I2 and Fom-2 genes cluster in the same phylogenetic clade N1.1 opens the possibility that other unknown Fusarium R genes from different plant families may share the same clade. These findings may assist future attempts to identify Fusarium R genes in banana and other plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most plant disease resistance (R) genes encode proteins with a nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeat structure (NBS-LRR). In this study, degenerate primers were used to amplify genomic NBS-type sequences from wild banana ( Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis) plants resistant to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum formae specialis (f. sp.) cubense (FOC) race 4. Five different classes of NBS-type sequences were identified and designated as resistance gene candidates (RGCs). The deduced amino acid sequences of the RGCs revealed the presence of motifs characteristic of the majority of known plant NBS-LRR resistance genes. Structural and phylogenetic analyses grouped the banana RGCs within the non-TIR (homology to Toll/interleukin-1 receptors) subclass of NBS sequences. Southern hybridization showed that each banana RGC is present in low copy number. The expression of the RGCs was assessed by RT-PCR in leaf and root tissues of plants resistant or susceptible to FOC race 4. RGC1, 3 and 5 showed a constitutive expression profile in both resistant and susceptible plants whereas no expression was detected for RGC4. Interestingly, RGC2 expression was found to be associated only to FOC race 4 resistant lines. This finding could assist in the identification of a FOC race 4 resistance gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]