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Ji, Rui-Qing, Xie, Meng-Le, Zhou, Ji-Jiang, Meng, Li-Peng, Li, Yu, Zhang, Zhong-Hui, Li, Guo-Jie (2022): Russula rubiginosus sp. nov. in Russula subsect. Maculatinae from Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. Phytotaxa 575 (2): 140-148, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.575.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.575.2.3

Russula rubiginosus R. Q. Ji, M.L. Xie & J. J. Zhou, sp. nov., Figures 3 MycoBank 843715 Diagnosis:— Differs from Russula subrubescens by small-sized basidiospores and large-sized cystidia. Etymology:— Refers to the rusty spots on the cap and stipe of basidiomata. Holotype:— CHINA. Heilongjiang Province: Wudalianchi City, ASL 300 m, 126°11’E, 48°37’N, 13 August 2018, Peng-Jie Xing & Yang Xu (HMJAU58933, GenBank OL828349). Description:— Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 40‒72 mm diam., fleshy, firm, first hemispherical, then turned applanate with depressed center after maturation, margin becoming somewhat sulcate with age, glabrous, corinthain pink (xxvii 3ʹʹ d) to livid pink (xxvii 3ʹʹ f) when juvenile, corinthain red (xxvii 3ʹʹ) to corinthain pink (xxvii 3ʹʹd) with age, center orient pink (ii 11 f) to orange pink (ii 9 f) when juvenile, smiona orange (ii 11 b) to orange pink (ii 9 f) with age; mostly more or less covered with small ochraceous tawny (xv 15ʹ i) to mikado brown (xxix 13ʹʹ i) spots. Lamellae adnate, crowded, up to 6 mm wide, more or less furcate towards the stipe, slightly anastomosing, fragile, light ochraceous salmon (xv 13ʹ d) first, primuline yellow (xvi 19ʹ) when mature or dry, often with rust spots at lamellae. Stipe cylindrical to slightly clavate with rounded base, enlarged towards the base, firm, 40‒60 × 8‒13 mm, surface minutely wrinkled, white (liii) when juvenile, becoming baryta yellow (iv 21f) towards the base when old or dry, appearing ochraceous tawny (xv 15ʹ i) to mikado brown (xxix 13ʹʹ i) patches or spots when handled or with age, especially bottom. Context firm, white (liii) when juvenile, naples yellow (xvi 19ʹ d) with age, distinctly yellowing when dry or bruised. Taste acrid. Odor indistinct. Basidiospores (40/2/2) 7–10 (12–) × 6–9 μm, Q = (1.2–)1.3–1.25(–1.31), Q av. = 1.19 ± 0.05, broadly ellipsoid, ornamentation of moderately large and distant: 5–7 (–10) amyloid spines in the circle of diameter of 3 μm on basidiospore surface, spines 1.0–2.0 μm high, mostly isolated, occasionally fused in short chains or crests (0–2 fusions in the circle), line connections very rare and short (0–1 line connection in the circle), not forming a mesh. Basidia (30–) 40–53.7 × (13–) 15–17 (–20) μm, clavate to subclavate, thin-walled, oil granules present when viewed with KOH, 4‒spored, sometimes 2‒spored; sterigmata 6‒8 × 2‒3 µm. Subhymenium pseudoparenchymatic. Lamellar trama mainly composed of large sphaerocytes. Pleurocystidia 66–92 × 9–13 μm, fusiform, clavate to subclavate, often with a subacute tip, thin-walled, sometimes with a small appendage and dense crystal inclusions. Cheilocystidia 60–90 × 8–13 µm, mostly similar to pleurocystidia. Pileipellis is composed of suprapellis and subpellis; suprapellis strongly gelatinized, 140–250 μm thick, composed of dense, ascending or erect hyphal ends and protruding and near surface repent pileocystidia, terminal cells 15–45 × 2–3 μm, cylindrical, often constricted towards the apex; subpellis less gelatinized, 40–100 μm thick, hyphae 2–6 µm wide, dense, strongly intricate, often branched. Pileocystidia numerous and often large sized, narrowly to broadly clavate or fusiform, mainly two or three celled, occasionally one-celled, rarely with more cells, thin-walled, obtuse to subacute, usually inflated near apical part, with terminal cells measuring 30–50 × 6–8 µm, contents in Congo red heteromorphous, usually granulose, but sometimes partly crystalline or banded. Stipitipellis cutis composed of thin-walled, septate, cylindrical, hyaline hyphae 2–4 μm wide, caulocystidia present, dispersed, rare, mainly two or three celled, occasionally one celled, rarely with more cells, thin-walled, obtuse to subacute, usually inflated near apical part, with terminal cells measuring 33–65 × 5–7 μm. Clamp connections absent in all tissues. Habitat and distribution:—Ectomycorrhizal fungi symbiotic with Q. mongolica. Solitary in July to August under Q. mongolica forests. Known from Northeast China. Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Heilongjiang Province: Wudalianchi City, ASL 300 m, 126°11’E, 48°37’N, 13 August 2018, Peng-Jie Xing & Yang Xu (HMJAU58934, GenBank OL828348). Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: Zhalantun County, Xiushui Scenic Area, ASL 370 m, 27 July 2013, Sai-Fei Li, Dong Zhao & Guo-Jie Li (HMAS267826, GenBank KX441111); ibid., 28 July 2013, Sai-Fei Li, Dong Zhao & Guo-Jie Li (HMAS267741, GenBank KX441095).

Russula quercina J. J. Zhou & R. Q. Ji, sp. nov., (Figs. 2–4) MycoBank: MB840897 Etymology:—The name refers that the holotype host genus is the Quercus. Holotype:— CHINA, Heilongjiang Province, Wudalianchi County, Wudalianchi Scenic Area, Quercus mongolica forest, 126˚11’ E, 48˚37’ N, asl. 303 m, Peng-Jie Xing & Yang Xu, 12 August 2018 (holotype HMJAU49121, ITS: MZ 571933). Diagnosis:— Russula quercina is morphologically similar to R. integriformis, but is distinguished by its association with Quercus mongolica whereas R. integriformis is associated with Picea. In addition, R. quercina has caulocystidia and longer pleurocystidia while R. integriformis has 47–70 × 9–12 μm size pleurocystidia and 25–32 × 8–11 μm size basidia. Description:— Basidioma medium-sized. Pileus 34–64 mm broad, hemispheric to convex at first, and then gradually flattens and becomes slightly concave. The edge is raised and dented toward the middle when mature, coral pink to light coral red (xiii 5ʹ d–5ʹ b) when juvenile, xanthine orange to coral pink (iii 13ʹ i–xiii 5ʹ d) with age, and pompeian red to acajou red (xiii 3ʹʹ i–1ʹʹ i) when dried; center flesh is ocher to apricot buff (xiv 9ʹʹ b–11ʹʹ b) when juvenile, vinaceous rufous to cinnamon rufous (xiv 7ʹʹ i–11ʹʹ i) with age, and eugenia red to coral red (xiii 1ʹʹ–5ʹʹ) when dried; viscid when wet and glabrous, smooth, and non-pruinose when dried; margin obtuse, very slightly striate when old, cracks absent, cuticle dry, peeling to almost 1/3 of radius. Context 1.0– 1.5 cm thick from the stipe top to the pileus center, brittle, white (iii) when juvenile, naples yellow (xvi 19ʹ d) with age, distinctly yellowing when dry or bruised. Taste is mild and odor is indistinct. Lamellae 2.2–5.0 mm broad, equal in length, no lamellulae, adnate to almost free, forked, fragile, pale yellow-orange (iii 15f) first, pale orange-yellow (iii 17f) when mature or dry. Stipe is clavate, enlarged towards the base, 3–6.4 × 0.7–1.6 cm, smooth, solid but irregularly hollowing when old, white (iii) when juvenile, becoming baryta yellow (iv 21f), wax yellow (xvi 21), or primuline yellow (xvi 19) towards the base when old or dry. Spore print yellow. Basidiospores [80/4/4] (6) 6.7–9.5 (10) × (4) 5.2–7.2 (8) μm, Q = (1.09) 1.14–1.28 (1.33), Q av = 1.20 ± 0.05, broadly ellipsoid, rarely subglobose; ornamentation amyloid, mostly isolated, rarely linked by fine lines and do not form a mesh, conic to cylindrical warts, 0.3–1.0 μm in height, suprahilar spot moderately large, amyloids. Basidia are (40) 44–57 (60) × 13–14 (15) μm, clavate to subclavate, broadly tapered towards the base, 4-spored, sometimes twospored, hyaline in KOH, occasionally contain a large droplet; sterigmata 3–5 μm. Pleurocystidia 75–90 × 9–15 μm, emergent, fusiform, clavate to subclavate, often have a subacute tip or mucronate apex and sometimes have a frayed small appendage and dense crystal inclusions. Cheilocystidia 50–61 × 7–13 μm and mostly similar to pleurocystidia. Pileipellis two-layered, 100–125 μm thick, gelatinous, epicutis ixotrichoderm; hyphae 3–4 μm in diameter, septate, branched, erect to suberect, tangled, hyaline in KOH; terminal cells are thin-walled and cylindrical with obtuse, undifferentiated, and often tapered ends. Hyphal terminations near the pileus margin are (27) 50‒70 (90) × (4) 5‒7 (10) μm, mainly unbranched, often apically flexuous; terminal cells are usually distinctly longer and thin-walled; terminal cells are apically attenuated or subcylindrical and obtuse and constricted on septa. Hyphal terminations near the pileus centre are (20) 37‒69 (90) × (3) 5‒7 (9) μm, and the terminal elements are similar to the hyphal terminations of the pileus margin. Pileocystidia 64–92 × 4–6 μm, dispersed, numerous on the surface, scattered, clavate, subclavate to cylindrical, with crystalline and granulate contents. Stipitipellis mostly composed of interwoven branched elongated hyphae, hyphae that are 2–4 μm in diam, and hyaline with inflated cells; caulocystidia 72–100 × 6–9 μm, dispersed, rare, clavate. Clamp connections are absent in all tissues. Habitat and distribution:—Solitary on soil under Q. mongolica from Heilongjiang, Northeast China. Additional specimens examined for taxa in this study:— CHINA, Heilongjiang Province, Wudalianchi County, Wudalianchi Scenic Area, in Q. mongolica forest, 126°11’E, 48°37’N, asl. 303 m, 12 August 2018, Peng-Jie Xing & Yang Xu (HMJAU49122, ITS: MZ571934); ibid, 126°12’E, 48°20’N, asl. 301 m, 13 August 2018, Peng-Jie Xing & Yang Xu (HMJAU49123, ITS: MZ 571932); ibid, 126°11’E, 48°23’N, asl. 303 m, 23 August 2018, Peng-Jie Xing & Yang Xu (HMJAU49124), Published as part of Zhou, Ji-Jiang, Xie, Meng-Le, Li, Guo-Jie, Song, Jia, Abdulla, Diliyar, Xing, Peng-Jie, Li, Yu, Ji, Rui-Qing & Zhang, Zhong-Hui, 2022, Russula quercina, a new species of Russula subsect. Integroidinae (Russulaceae, Russulales) from the Quercus mongolica forest in Heilongjiang Province, China, pp. 77-86 in Phytotaxa 549 (1) on pages 81-84, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/6605395

Russula fanjing Fang Li sp. nov., (Figs. 1���4) MycoBank: MB836774 Etymology:��� fanjing, the name of the mountain which is the holotype locality. Holotype:��� CHINA Guizhou province, Tongren county, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, 108.6572˚ E, 27.9121˚ N, alt. 1948 m, near Quercus trees, 2 August 2020, Fang Li (HGASMF01-10047, ITS: MT 928349, nrLSU: MW 201672). Diagnosis:���A species with medium-sized basidiocarps, with vivid red, red, pink to pastel red areolate pilei, spores with strongly amyloid warts and ridges interconnected by fine lines in an incomplete or complete reticulum and a suprapellis with short-celled, claw-like branched, lotus-root-like inflated hyphae, and dispersed clavate, septate, pileocystidia. Description:��� Basidiomata medium-sized. Pileus 3���5 cm diam, hemispheric to convex when young, plano-convex to plano-concave at maturity with the center area slightly depressed; surface vivid red (11A8, 9A8), red (11A6���7, 9A6) to pink or pastel red (11A5, 9A5), becoming lighter colored towards margin, areolate, subviscid when moist; margin slightly striate at maturity. Lamellae 3���5 mm wide, white (4A1), not discoloring, adnate, close, occasionally forked near the stipe, intervenose, with 2���3 tiers of lamellulae. Stipe 3���5 �� 0.7���1 cm, white (4A1), cylindrical, glabrous or faintly longitudinally ridged, dry, spongy inside. Context 2���3 mm thick in the center of the pileus, white (4A1). Odor absent, taste acrid. Spore print white. Basidiospores [120/4/3] 6.5���7.0���8 �� 5.5���6.0���7 ��m, Q = 1���1.15���1.25, Q m = 1.15 �� 0.07, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, occasionally sub-globose, ornamented with large, distant to moderately distant amyloid warts, spines and ridges 0.5���0.8 ��m high, occasionally fused in pairs, or triplets, often connected by fine lines in an incomplete to almost complete reticulum, suprahilar plage occasionally amyloid. Basidia 30���41 �� 8���12 ��m, clavate, 4-spored, sometimes 2-spored, sterigmata 4���8 ��m long. Pleurocystidia 33���63 �� 6.5���12 ��m, moderately numerous to numerous, with the tip projecting slightly beyond the basidia, sub-fusiform, with obtuse, sub-acute to acute apex, with strong refractive content. Cheilocystidia 28���60 �� 6.5���10 ��m, similar to pleurocystidia in shape and abundance, with less dense content. Marginal cells 8���19 �� 4���7 ��m, undifferentiated, clavate, cylindrical or irregularly clavate. Lamellar trama composed of hyphae 3���6 ��m wide, thin-walled, hyaline, white to yellowish white, divergent and with sphaerocysts 10���50 ��m in diam., thin-walled, hyaline. Pileipellis (between the center and margin) well-delimited from the underlying context, two-layered, slightly gelatinous; subpellis ca. 40���100 ��m thick, composed of dispersed repent pileocystidia and thinwalled hyphae 3���7 ��m wide, with pale red (9A3) to pastel red (9A4) plasmatic pigment, uniformly colored, fading to colorless quickly in 10% KOH, septate, branched, forming a mat close to the underlying trama; suprapellis ca. 30���70 ��m thick, a typical trichoderm, composed of dispersed ��erect pileocystidia, and thin-walled hyphae 2���10 ��m wide, with pastel red (10A5) to red (10A7) plasmatic pigment, uniformly colored, fading to colorless quickly in 10% KOH, short-celled, claw-like branched and inflated as lotus roots, with end cells 10���25 �� 3���9 ��m, tapering, bullet-shaped, lageniform, lanceolate, fusiform, subventricose, rarely clavate. Pileocystidia 8���65(122) �� 4���12 ��m, dispersed in base part of suprapellis and subpellis, bullet-shaped, ovoid, ellipsoid, subventricose, sphaeropedunculate, clavate to long cylindrical, with dense refractive yellowish contents, not septate or septate with 1���4 septa, with a dull lilac (16B3), violet-grey (16F2) to dark violet (16F4) reaction in SV. Acid-resistant incrustations absent. In a same pileus, the structures of the suprapellis in the center and margin are similar to that of between the center and margin; suprapellis in the pileus center with terminal hyphae a little closer and more erect, with end cells 10���25 �� 3���8 ��m, tapering, bullet-shaped, lageniform, lanceolate, fusiform, subventricose, rarely clavate; suprapellis near the pileus margin with terminal hyphae erect, sub-erect to nearly repent, with end cells 10���24 �� 3���9 ��m, tapering, bullet-shaped, lageniform, lanceolate, fusiform, subventricose, rarely clavate. Stipitipellis 30���70 ��m thick, composed of parallel thin-walled hyphae 5���10 ��m wide and with sphaerocysts 15���60 ��m in diam., thin-walled, hyaline. Caulocystidia absent. Clamp connections absent in all parts of basidioma. It is interesting to note that in Russula fanjing the structure of the suprapellis does not change remarkably in the same pileus however, in different basidiomata, the thickness of the suprapellis can be different, and the hyphae in them can be a little different (Fig. 6A and B). The thicker the suprapellis (Fig. 6A), the longer and a little narrower the terminal hyphae in the suprapellis. When the pileipellis loses its suprapellis, the remaining subpellis is very different: there are no claw-like branched, lotus-roots-like inflated hyphae in the subpellis, the hyphae in it are decumbent or repent, interwoven, tubular elements, and the pileocystidia are decumbent or repent, not vertically to subvertically arranged as they are in suprapellis. The cellular contents in the cystidia are dense in both pleurocystidia and pileocystidia, and less dense in cheilocystidia. They can be in the form of lumps or crystals. During our examinations, we found that the young pileocystidia (small and non-septate ones) often contained lumpy cellular contents, and crystal cellular contents often appeared in the more mature cystidia. Habitat and distribution:���Solitary or scattered on soil in forests dominated by Quercus trees, at 1700���2000 m alt.; presently only known from Fanjing Mountain, Guizhou province, China. Additional specimens examined:��� CHINA. Guizhou province, Tongren county, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, 108.7031˚ E, 27.9111˚N, alt. 1718 m, near Quercus trees, 3 July 2020, Jing Zhang, Huan Gao (HGASMF01- 10042); ibid, 108.6999˚ E, 27.9081˚N, alt. 1970 m, 3 July 2020, Jing Zhang, Huan Gao (HGASMF01-10043); ibid, 108.7011˚ E, 27.9077˚N, alt. 1950 m, 3 July 2020, Jing Zhang, Huan Gao (Paratype, HGASMF01-9239, ITS: MW 192767, nrLSU: MW 227645). Specimens of Russula chiui examined: CHINA. Guizhou province, Tongren county, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, 108.7900˚ E, 27.9070˚N, alt. 1979 m, 18 October 2020, Jing Zhang, Huan Gao (HGASMF01-10657, ITS: MW 195051, nrLSU: MW 227647)., Published as part of Li, Fang, Li, Guo-Jie, Zhang, Jing, Gao, Huan, Shi, Ru-Shu & Deng, Chun-Ying, 2021, Russula fanjing, a new species of Russula subsect. Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales) from Guizhou province, China, pp. 139-151 in Phytotaxa 480 (2) on pages 142-146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.480.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5415973

Li, Fang, Li, Guo-Jie, Zhang, Jing, Gao, Huan, Shi, Ru-Shu, Deng, Chun-Ying (2021): Russula fanjing, a new species of Russula subsect. Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales) from Guizhou province, China. Phytotaxa 480 (2): 139-151, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.480.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.480.2.3