60 results on '"Xiao-yan Zhao"'
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2. Comparison of Dimethyl Ether Carbonylation Performance over Some Zeolites Containing 8-Member Ring Pores
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Xiao-Bo Feng, Feng Chen, Zi-Meng He, Xiao-Yan Zhao, and Jing-Pei Cao
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Fuel Technology ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology - Published
- 2022
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3. Review of Biomass Agglomeration for Fluidized-Bed Gasification or Combustion Processes with a Focus on the Effect of Alkali Salts
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Zi-Meng He, Jing-Pei Cao, and Xiao-Yan Zhao
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Fuel Technology ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology - Published
- 2022
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4. Facile designing a nanosheet HMOR zeolite for enhancing the efficiency of ethanol synthesis from dimethyl ether and syngas
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Xiao-Bo Feng, Zi-Meng He, Li-Yun Zhang, Xiao-Yan Zhao, and Jing-Pei Cao
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Fuel Technology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Condensed Matter Physics - Published
- 2022
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5. Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin and Its Model Compounds to Hydrocarbon Fuels over a Metal/Acid Ru/HZSM-5 Catalyst
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Jing-Pei Cao, Jian-Li Zhang, Liang Zhao, Jin-Xuan Xie, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Wei Jiang, Yun-Peng Zhao, and Chuang Zhang
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,Hydrocarbon ,chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Organic chemistry ,Lignin ,Hydrodeoxygenation ,Catalysis - Published
- 2021
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6. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of diphenyl ether over Ni/AC catalyst: Effect of hydrophilicity modification of activated carbon
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Jin-Xuan Xie, Jing-Pei Cao, Wei Jiang, Qiang Li, Yun-Peng Zhao, Chuang Zhang, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Hou-Luo Cong, and Hong-Cun Bai
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Fuel Technology ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology - Published
- 2023
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7. Catalytic Upgrading of Lignite Pyrolysis Volatiles over AlF3-Modified HZSM-5 to Light Aromatics: Synergistic Effects of One-Step Dealumination and Realumination
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Xian-Yong Wei, Nai-Yu Yao, Jing-Pei Cao, Ze-Ying Wang, Fu Wei, Jing-Ping Zhao, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Xiao-Bo Feng, Zi-Meng He, and Tian-Long Liu
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Fuel Technology ,Chemical engineering ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,One-Step ,Pyrolysis ,Catalysis - Published
- 2021
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8. Waste sugar solution polymer-derived N-doped carbon spheres with an ultrahigh specific surface area for superior performance supercapacitors
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Jing-Pei Cao, Hong-Cun Bai, Qi-Qi Zhuang, Zhi Zhou, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Yu-Lei Wei, and Yan Wu
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Supercapacitor ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Heteroatom ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Polymerization ,Specific surface area ,0210 nano-technology ,Melamine ,Carbon - Abstract
Waste sugar solution (WSS), a waste by-product of manufacturing vitamin C, contains abundant waste acids and organics. In this work, a N/O-enriched copolymer was synthesized via a facile polymerization via the hydrogen bonding of O-containing functional groups and melamine and the crosslinking of aldehyde groups. Subsequently, N-doped carbon spheres were prepared by a typical carbonation/activation method. Remarkably, benefiting from an ultrahigh specific surface area (3612 m2/g) and rich heteroatom content (4.3% for N, 8.8% for O), the carbon spheres deliver a high specific capacitance of 387 F/g at 50 mA/g and 283 F/g at 5 A/g with 6 M KOH in two-electrode system. The assembled symmetric electric double-layer capacitor exhibits high energy density of 10.83 Wh/kg at 11.10 W/kg. This research provides a facile method for preparing N/O-doped carbon spheres by WSS, and confirms the excellent electrochemical performance of WSS-derived carbons in energy storage applications.
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- 2021
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9. Selective Cleavage of the Diphenyl Ether C–O Bond over a Ni Catalyst Supported on AC with Different Pore Structures and Hydrophilicities
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Liang Zhao, Jin-Xuan Xie, Hong-Cun Bai, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Ming Zhao, Wei Jiang, and Jing-Pei Cao
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Selective cleavage ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Diphenyl ether ,Polymer chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Catalysis - Published
- 2021
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10. Conversion of lignite-derived volatiles into aromatics over Zn@MCM-41 and ZSM-5 tandem catalysts with a high stability
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Xiao-Yan Zhao, Xue-Yu Ren, Yan-Jun Wang, Jing-Pei Cao, Zi-Meng He, Nai-Yu Yao, Hong-Cun Bai, and Hou-Luo Cong
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Fuel Technology ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology - Published
- 2023
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11. Oxygen-enriched porous carbon derived from acid washed and oxidized lignite via H3PO4 hydrothermal for high-performance supercapacitors
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Zhi-Hui Yang, Jing-Pei Cao, Qi-Qi Zhuang, Yan Wu, Zhi Zhou, Yu-Lei Wei, and Xiao-Yan Zhao
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Fuel Technology ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology - Published
- 2023
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12. Transforming waste sugar solution into N-doped hierarchical porous carbon for high performance supercapacitors in aqueous electrolytes and ionic liquid
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Yu-Lei Wei, Yan Wu, Jing-Pei Cao, Yun-Peng Zhao, Qi-Qi Zhuang, Zhi Zhou, Hong-Cun Bai, Ming Zhao, and Xiao-Yan Zhao
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Supercapacitor ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electrochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Capacitance ,Energy storage ,Industrial waste ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Specific surface area ,Ionic liquid ,0210 nano-technology ,Carbon - Abstract
Waste sugar solution is a by-product in the process of manufacturing vitamin C. Nowadays, the unused industrial waste residues are transformed into high efficient energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors electrodes, which are worth exploring because they are consistent with the concept of green and sustainable development. In this paper, a nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon are obtained via pre-carbonization and KOH activation. The as-prepared material, possessed proper pore size distribution, large specific surface area and nitrogen-doping, exhibits good electrochemical performance, such as a high specific capacitance of 342 F g−1 (0.1 A g−1), good stability with 95% capacitance retention after 15,000 cycles in 6 M KOH. Moreover, the supercapacitors deliver a high energy density of 25.6 and 65.9 W h kg−1 in the 1 M Na2SO4 and EMIMBF4, respectively. The good electrochemical performance illustrates that the nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon derived from the waste sugar solution is a potential candidate for energy storage.
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- 2020
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13. Catalytic Conversion of Coal and Biomass Volatiles: A Review
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Jing-Pei Cao, Li-Yun Zhang, Xue-Yu Ren, Jing-Ping Zhao, Wen Tang, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Yan-Jun Wang, Zhi-Hao Wang, Xiao-Bo Feng, and Zhen Yang
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business.industry ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,food and beverages ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,Catalytic pyrolysis ,Pulp and paper industry ,complex mixtures ,respiratory tract diseases ,Catalysis ,Steam reforming ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,Coal ,0204 chemical engineering ,business ,Syngas - Abstract
This paper presents a review of recent research on direct upgrading of coal/biomass volatiles into aromatics by catalytic pyrolysis and syngas by gasification with catalytic steam reforming. Coal/b...
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- 2020
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14. Methanation of syngas from biomass gasification: An overview
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Yi-Ling Liu, Jing-Pei Cao, Jie Ren, and Xiao-Yan Zhao
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Pollution ,Waste management ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Fossil fuel ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Tar ,Biomass ,Environmental pollution ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Renewable energy ,Fuel Technology ,Methanation ,Environmental science ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Syngas ,media_common - Abstract
Traditional fossil fuel overuse could lead to global warming and environmental pollution. As a renewable energy, biomass energy is a sustainable and low pollution carbon energy, which has a wide range of sources. Syngas production from biomass thermochemical conversion is a promising technology to realize effective utilization of the renewable energy. Syngas produced from gasification could be further converted into value-added chemicals via the method of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Syngas and CO2 methanation could transform renewable energy into feasible transport and high-density energy. However, tar formation and catalyst deactivation are the main problem during the biomass gasification and methanation. This review sheds light on the development of biomass gasification and syngas methanation. Firstly, we presented the common reactors and some other factors during gasification. Secondly, we provide a comprehensive introduction of the advanced active catalyst for gasification and syngas methanation. Finally, some representative large-scale and commercial plants and companies for biomass gasification were compared and discussed in details. Then the prospective developments in combination of gasification and methanation were concluded to give an outlook for biomass gasification and its downstream development.
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- 2020
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15. Preparation of highly dispersed lignite-char-supported cobalt catalyst for stably steam reforming of biomass tar at low temperature
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Wen Tang, Jing-Pei Cao, Ze-Ying Wang, Wei Jiang, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Zi-Meng He, Zhi-Hao Wang, and Hong-Cun Bai
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Fuel Technology ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology - Published
- 2023
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16. Enhanced Light Aromatic Yield from Lignite Pyrolysis by Remedying the Acid Sites of Different Hierarchical HZSM-5
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Zhen Yang, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Xian-Yong Wei, Jing-Pei Cao, Chen Zhu, Xiao-Bo Feng, and Xue-Yu Ren
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Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Chemical engineering ,Catalytic reforming ,Yield (chemistry) ,Cubic zirconia ,0204 chemical engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
A series of HZSM-5 treated by NaOH followed by supporting sulfated zirconia (ATxSZ/H5) was prepared and used for catalytic reforming of lignite pyrolysis volatiles. ATxSZ/H5 was found to be a poten...
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- 2019
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17. Acid washed lignite char supported bimetallic Ni-Co catalyst for low temperature catalytic reforming of corncob derived volatiles
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Xiao-Yan Zhao, Ming Zhao, Jing-Pei Cao, Xian-Yong Wei, Xin Cui, Xin Huang, Wen Tang, Fei-Long Yang, Jie Ren, and Xiao-Bo Feng
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Corncob ,Water-gas shift reaction ,Catalysis ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Catalytic reforming ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Char ,0204 chemical engineering ,Selectivity ,Pyrolysis ,Syngas ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Acid washed Shengli lignite (AWSL) supported Ni, Co and Ni-Co catalysts were prepared, characterized and evaluated in catalytic reforming (CR) of corncob pyrolysis volatiles at a relatively low catalytic temperature of 450 °C. Moreover, the production and selectivity of H2 were also investigated. Amongst the catalysts studied, bimetallic Ni-10%Co/AWSL exhibited the most remarkable activity, yielding 36.3 mmol H2/g corncob and 710 μmol min−1 g−1 formation rate of syngas (H2 + CO + 4CH4) with trace of tar. It also tuned the gas composition and showed the greatest selectivity of H2 due to the promotion of the water gas shift reaction (with H2 accounting for the maximum 50.3% and 63% under Ar and steam atmosphere, respectively). Regardless of the loss of specific surface area, the superior performance of Ni-Co based catalysts under mild circumstance was attributed to the better reducibility and electronic properties along with a high dispersion of active metal. Additionally, the synergy of Ni and Co contributed to the combined and enlarged activity for CR of corncob volatiles and great selectivity for H2-rich syngas under moderate condition.
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- 2019
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18. Selective cleavage of C O bond in benzyl phenyl ether over Pd/AC at room temperature
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Jing-Pei Cao, Ming Zhao, Chen Zhu, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Yun-Peng Zhao, Xian-Yong Wei, and Tao Xie
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020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Radical ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Ether ,02 engineering and technology ,Ring (chemistry) ,Medicinal chemistry ,Toluene ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Hydrogenolysis ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Phenol ,0204 chemical engineering ,Benzene - Abstract
Selectively cleaving the C O bonds in lignin to produce aromatic products are challenging problems. Currently, catalytic hydrogenolysis of C O bonds in lignin requires harsh conditions. Herein, selectively cleaving C O bond of benzyl phenyl ether (BPE) was studied over Pd/AC, Ru/AC and Ni/AC. Among these catalysts, Pd/AC efficiently cleaved C O bond in BPE under super mild conditions (25 °C, 2 h and 0.1 MPa H2). The products were toluene and phenol without hydrogenation of the aromatic ring. The main competitive step of hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation is sensitive to reaction temperature over Pd catalyst. A mild temperature is preferred for hydrogenolysis, since the H species nearby the oxygen atom are more strongly adsorbed than nearby the benzene rings. With the different H-donor solvents, the highest conversion of BPE was obtained in isopropanol. Based on the experiments, the reactions occurred via cleavage of the Caliphatic-O bond in BPE and the synergetic effects between the H from absorbed H2 on the surface of the Pd and the intermediates radicals of benzyl and phenoxy should be the key points to such an optimum result.
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- 2019
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19. Catalytic conversion of lignite pyrolysis volatiles to light aromatics over ZSM-5: SiO2/Al2O3 ratio effects and mechanism insights
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Jing-Pei Cao, Zhen Yang, Xian-Yong Wei, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Xue-Yu Ren, Ming Zhao, Qiang Chen, and Yan-Jun Wang
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Chemistry ,020209 energy ,Xylene ,02 engineering and technology ,Ethylbenzene ,Toluene ,Analytical Chemistry ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Organic chemistry ,0204 chemical engineering ,ZSM-5 ,Zeolite ,Benzene ,Naphthalene - Abstract
In-situ reforming of lignite pyrolysis volatiles over ZSM-5 zeolites with different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios was carried out to obtain light aromatics including BTEXN (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and naphthalene). In comparison to the commercial zeolites, the zeolites used in this work were synthesized by a one-step method with controlled Al addition. The high Al-containing ZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 50) was observed to be more effective in producing BTEXN (20.8 mg/g), likely by removing oxygen atom of volatiles on acidic sites. Moreover, it was still activated even after several regeneration cycles. As indicated by the GC-MS results, the aliphatic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups were decomposed over ZSM-5. High SiO2/Al2O3 ratio was favorable for polyaromatics elimination. However, the as-synthesized ZSM-5 with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 25 was less effective in cleaving aliphatic C–C bonds. Besides, the structural properties of ZSM-5 were significantly affected by the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. High intergrowth and twinning structures were observed with increasing SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. Regardless of the crystal morphology of zeolite, the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio had significant influence on aromatics types, providing insights into ZSM-5 catalyst for the selective control of BTEXN owing to acidity changes.
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- 2019
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20. Nitrogen migration mechanism and formation of aromatics during catalytic fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge over metal-loaded HZSM-5
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Jing-Pei Cao, Fu Wei, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Xian-Yong Wei, Jin Bai, Chen Zhu, Wen-Zhong Shen, Zhenxing Guo, Xue-Yu Ren, and Bo Gu
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020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Inorganic chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Nitrogen ,Catalysis ,Metal ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,visual_art ,Yield (chemistry) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,0204 chemical engineering ,Benzene ,Pyrolysis ,Carbon ,Sludge - Abstract
In order to effectively improve the quality of bio-oil from catalytic pyrolysis (CFP) of sewage sludge (SS) and to produce aromatic-rich bio-oil, the evolution mechanisms of nitrogen and formation of aromatics during CFP of SS over metal-loaded HZSM-5 (HZ) were investigated in depth. The results show that the presence of metals caused the slight decrease in oil-C (carbon in bio-oil) yield and the increase in gas yield and total carbon yield of aromatics. Ni-loaded HZ has a better performance than Co-loaded one in improving the carbon yield of aromatics, while the maximum yield of 11.2% was obtained over 0.5Ni-HZ. Metal-loaded HZ promoted the formation of monocyclic aromatics rather than polycyclic aromatics and Ni significantly enhanced the selectivity of benzene. With the addition of Ni and Co, more nitrogen was released as NH3 or fixed in solids. NH3 yield increased by raising the metal loading, and the highest NH3 yield of 36.8% was obtained over 3.0Ni-HZ. Ni and Co promoted the cracking reactions during CFP to generate more H radicals, which have advantages to the ring-opening of N-containing heterocycles in SS to produce aromatics and NH3. A possible catalytic mechanism of CFP of SS over metal loaded HZ was proposed in this study.
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- 2019
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21. Preparation of hierarchical HZSM-5 based sulfated zirconium solid acid catalyst for catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis vapors from lignite pyrolysis
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Zhen Yang, Xue-Yu Ren, Jin Bai, Xian-Yong Wei, Sheng-Nan Liu, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Zhenxing Guo, Jing-Pei Cao, and Wen-Zhong Shen
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020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Xylene ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Ethylbenzene ,Toluene ,Catalysis ,Silanol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Benzene ,Pyrolysis ,Naphthalene ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
H5 was developed to mesoporous system via alkali treatment, and sulfated zirconia (SZr) modified hierarchical HZSM-5 (AT0.2/H5) catalysts (named AT0.2/SZxH5) were successfully prepared by a series of post-treated method followed by Zr(NO3)4·5H2O and H2SO4 as active component. The innovative approach really enhanced acidity of AT0.2/H5 support, which results from the interaction of the sulfate groups attached to zirconia that doped on MFI framework with silanol groups. Adding active component can not only compensate for the loss of acid sites caused by NaOH treatment, but also re-develop more active sites owing to the formation of SZr. Meanwhile, NH3-TPD showed higher strong acid sites and weak acid sites in AT0.2/SZ6:1H5 than other prepared catalysts. The catalytic activity in converting lignite pyrolysis volatiles to light aromatics, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and naphthalene (BTEXN), correlates well with the enhanced acidity. Compared with H5, the yield of light aromatics increased significantly from 15.2 to 19.3 mg/g over AT0.2/SZ6:1H5 at 600 °C. According to the characterization of N2 adsorption–desorption, SEM, and XRD, both the S species as SO42− and Z species as ZrO2 improved the textural properties of the support itself. Besides, the molar ratio of S/Zr was in direct proportion to the yield of BTEXN in a certain range, and 6:1 exhibited the optimal catalytic performance. The prepared solid acid catalyst provides a promising strategy to directional prepare light aromatics during lignite catalytic pyrolysis.
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- 2019
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22. Nickel loaded on biochar prepared from different carbon sources for selective hydrogenolysis of diphenyl ether
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Jin-Xuan Xie, Jing-Pei Cao, Wei Jiang, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Liang Zhao, Chuang Zhang, and Hong-Cun Bai
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Fuel Technology ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology - Published
- 2022
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23. Tailoring the acid distribution and identifying the active center of rod-shaped HSUZ-4 zeolite for enhancing dimethyl ether carbonylation performance
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Xiao-Bo Feng, Jing-Pei Cao, Chang Su, Zi-Meng He, and Xiao-Yan Zhao
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Fuel Technology ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology - Published
- 2022
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24. Efficient and selective catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose to monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons over Zn-containing HZSM-5
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Jing-Pei Cao, Ze-Ying Wang, Jing-Ping Zhao, Zi-Meng He, Nai-Yu Yao, Tian-Long Liu, Xiao-Bo Feng, and Xiao-Yan Zhao
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General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,Catalytic reforming ,Yield (chemistry) ,Hydrothermal synthesis ,Cellulose ,Selectivity ,Zeolite ,Pyrolysis ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
A series of Zn-containing HZSM-5 (HZ5) with hierarchical pores (xZn(DS)) were obtained by adding different amounts of Zn(NO3)2 solution in a hydrothermal synthesis process. The performances of xZn(DS) in catalytic reforming of cellulose pyrolysis volatiles were investigated at 500 °C. The results showed that the addition of Zn during synthesis increased in the total pore volume of xZn(DS) and reduced the content of strong acid sites, and introduced new weak acid sites. The Zn species were highly dispersed inside the zeolite, and enhanced the accessibility of acid sites, so that the yields of light aromatic hydrocarbons and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) over 0.7Zn(DS) (The molar ratio of ZnO/Al2O3 in the synthesis process of xZn(DS) was 0.7) were higher than those over S-HZ5 (Zn was not added in the synthesis process) and commercial HZ5. Compared with S-HZ5, the yield of MAHs over 0.7Zn(DS) increased from 92.8 to 114.1 mg/g and the coke yield decreased by 2.9%. The selectivity of MAHs over 0.7Zn(DS) was 87.7%, which was 5.3% higher than that over S-HZ5. Simultaneously, the increase in mesopores of xZn(DS) accelerated the mass transfer process, shortened the diffusion path and improved the anti-coking performance of the catalysts. In addition, this study also proposed a possible mechanism for the catalyst to adjust the distribution of aromatic products and provided a new idea for promoting the selective production of MAHs for the pyrolysis of cellulose.
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- 2022
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25. Effect of atmosphere on carbon deposition of Ni/Al2O3 and Ni-loaded on lignite char during reforming of toluene as a biomass tar model compound
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Takayuki Takarada, Jie Ren, Jing-Pei Cao, Xian-Yong Wei, and Xiao-Yan Zhao
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Materials science ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Tar ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Coke ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Fluid catalytic cracking ,complex mixtures ,Toluene ,Catalysis ,Nickel ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Char ,0210 nano-technology ,Carbon - Abstract
Toluene as a model tar compound was used to study the effect of atmosphere on carbon deposition during biomass tar reforming. A novel Ni-loaded on lignite char (Ni/LC) and commercial Ni/Al2O3 was employed for stability evaluation in a thermogravimetric analyzer. The mechanism of coke formation under N2, H2 and steam with different steam/carbon (S/C) ratio were investigated during 5 h test. Nickel particle growth is the main reasons responsible for the deactivation of Ni-based catalysts for tar reforming. Steam remarkably suppressed the carbon deposition on Ni/Al2O3, especially in a high S/C ratio. Ni/Al2O3 exhibited high activity and stability for 5 h operation in S/C ratio of 2. H2 significantly promoted the carbon deposition on Ni/Al2O3 and caused the catalyst deactivation within 0.5 h. Ni/LC exhibited great resistance to coke deposition under inert and H2 reforming of toluene. The catalysts before and after catalytic cracking were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy to investigate the behavior of carbon deposition. Except for H2 reforming, an obvious change of the Ni crystallite size (NCS) can be found after reforming for 5 h under all conditions used in this study. The NCS in Ni/LC was significantly increased with increasing time and S/C ratio, which should be partly responsible for the deactivation of the Ni/LC.
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- 2018
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26. Catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis vapors from lignite over mono/bimetal-loaded mesoporous HZSM-5
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Xian-Yong Wei, Zhen Yang, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Xing Fan, Yun-Peng Zhao, Tian-Long Liu, Xue-Yu Ren, and Jing-Pei Cao
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Chemistry ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Xylene ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Toluene ,Ethylbenzene ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Chemical engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Benzene ,Pyrolysis ,Deoxygenation ,Naphthalene - Abstract
HZSM-5 was modified via alkaline treatment and wet impregnation method which loading transition metals (Co, Mo–Co and Ni–Co). The performance of catalysts for the catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignite was tested in a drop tube reactor at 600 °C. In comparison to non-catalytic experiment, the chemical composition of upgrading tar was obviously simplified, which mainly contains light aromatics such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and naphthalene (BTEXN). The yield of BTEXN was significantly increased from 12.9 to 26.4 mg/g when Ni/Co-H-5 was used. Meanwhile, the Ni/Co-H-5 treated by NaOH solution achieved considerable deoxygenation performance (86.6%) than other ones. The addition of bimetallic Mo–Co or Ni–Co significantly enhanced the BTEXN selectivity of HZSM-5. Ni promoted H2 formation in gaseous product and caused the decrease of naphthalenes yield. Whereas the yields of toluene and o-xylene increased after the pyrolysis vapors pass through Mo/Co-H-5. The zeolite treated by NaOH solution (AT-HZSM-5) favors the generation of aromatics and phenolics, conversely naphthalene derivatives. Moreover, AT-Mo/Co-H-5 and AT-Ni/Co-H-5 inhibited the coke formation. A catalytic pathway was also proposed to describe the diffusion process of pyrolysis vapors on the active site of catalyst.
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- 2018
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27. Increasing light aromatic products during upgrading of lignite pyrolysis vapor over Co-modified HZSM-5
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Jing-Pei Cao, Xue-Yu Ren, Xian-Yong Wei, Xiao-Yan Zhao, and Wen-Zhong Shen
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020209 energy ,Xylene ,Tar ,02 engineering and technology ,Ethylbenzene ,Analytical Chemistry ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Benzene ,Pyrolysis ,Deoxygenation ,Naphthalene ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
To upgrade pyrolysis vapors derived from the catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of Baiyinhua lignite (BYHL) in a drop tube reactor, various Co-loading (1, 3, 6 and 10 wt%) zeolites were prepared via wet impregnation. The effect of Co-loading and pyrolysis temperature ranged from 400 to 700 °C on product yields and tar properties were investigated in this work. The results showed that the product yield and the composition of pyrolysis tar were significantly affected by Co-modified HZSM-5 and parent HZSM-5 compared with no catalyst. Incorporation of metal-Co in HZSM-5 had an additional effect on the performance of the parent HZSM-5. The total content of benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), xylene (X) and naphthalene (N) significantly increased and it reached 24.2 mg/g at Co-loading of 3 wt% (3Co-H-5) at 600 °C. 3Co-H-5 exhibited also a promising performance in lowering the oxygen content from 49.8% without a catalyst to 14.6% by GC–MS analysis. The deoxygenation mechanisms over metal-Co active centers and acid-catalyzed reactions, such as isomerization and cracking, over acid sites of HZSM-5 were speculated in this work. In addition, the temperature of 600 °C is not only appropriate for fast pyrolysis of lignite to obtain a higher pyrolysis tar, but also for catalytic pyrolysis to obtain BTEXN.
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- 2018
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28. Comparative evaluation of tar steam reforming over graphitic carbon supported Ni and Co catalysts at low temperature
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Fei-Long Yang, Hong-Cun Bai, Ze-Ying Wang, Jing-Pei Cao, Zhi-Hao Wang, Wen Tang, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Jie Ren, Zi-Meng He, Tian-Long Liu, and Xiao-Bo Feng
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Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Biomass ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Tar ,Toluene ,Catalysis ,Steam reforming ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Char ,Pyrolysis ,Carbon - Abstract
The development of cheap and highly dispersed nano-catalyst is one of the key technologies for low temperature steam reforming (SR) of biomass tar. This work used acid-washed and oxidized Shengli lignite char (OXAWSL) as carbon precursor to load Co (Co/OXAWSL) and Ni (Ni/OXAWSL) via ion exchange method to SR of toluene and biomass tar. The Co/OXAWSL was more active and stable than Ni/OXAWSL during the 30 h test with a final toluene conversion of 85% at a relatively low temperature of 450 °C and steam to carbon ratio (S/C) of 3.4, which resulted from its small particle size (5.6 nm) and high dispersion (12.3%) of Co. The relatively high H2 production (42.59 mmol/g-biomass) over Co0.1/OXAWSL (450 °C, S/C = 3.4) in SR of tar was also obtained. A low Ea (22.0 kJ/mol) value of Co/OXAWSL and good affinity to oxygen for Co explained its excellent performance. The low-temperature tar cracking process can provide theoretical and technical support for the large-scale industrial utilization of biomass pyrolysis and gasification.
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- 2021
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29. Encapsulation Ni in HZSM-5 for catalytic hydropyrolysis of biomass to light aromatics
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Shi-Xuan Zhao, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Xiao-Bo Feng, Ji Zhang, Xue-Yu Ren, Jing-Pei Cao, Hong-Cun Bai, Yang Li, and Tian-Long Liu
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020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Xylene ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Coke ,Toluene ,Ethylbenzene ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Hydrogenolysis ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Benzene ,Zeolite - Abstract
Ni-encapsulated (Ni@HZ5) and Ni-incorporated (xNi/HZ5) zeolites were prepared via one-pot hydrothermal synthesis and impregnation method, respectively, and further employed for hydroconversion of pyrolytic volatiles of spent coffee grounds into benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, naphthalene (BTEXN) in a drop tube reactor under H2 atmosphere. The properties of metallic Ni species on Ni@HZ5, xNi/HZ5 and Ni/Al2O3 were comparably characterized. Ni@HZ5 displayed superior selectivity for BTEXN production among those catalysts, especially for B and T. Metallic Ni species encapsulated MFI-type framework plays crucial roles in enhancing aromatics selectivity, promoting oligomerization, cyclization and aromatization of small molecular hydrocarbons in channels. On the contrary, Ni species presented on the external zeolite surface is in favor of hydrocracking and hydrogenolysis of macromolecular pyrolytic fragments. It also exhibited high coke content containing “soft” and “hard” coke, which was mainly caused by metallic particles sintering. An important difference was proposed in the effect of Ni species on reaction pathway for catalytic upgrading of volatiles to BTEXN. The configured Ni@HZ5 inhibits sintering and has potential of enhancing BTEXN by catalytic hydropyrolysis of biomass.
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- 2021
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30. Selective cleavage of lignin-derived diphenyl ether C-O bond over weakly acidic Ni/Nb2O5 catalyst
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Jing-Pei Cao, Ming Zhao, Wei Jiang, Yun-Peng Zhao, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Chen Zhu, Tao Xie, and Hong-Cun Bai
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020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Diphenyl ether ,Cyclohexanol ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Ether ,02 engineering and technology ,Medicinal chemistry ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Hydrogenolysis ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Dehydrogenation ,0204 chemical engineering ,Hydrodeoxygenation ,Incipient wetness impregnation - Abstract
Selective cleavage of stable ether C-O bonds is particularly of significance for the valorization of lignin and designing high active and cheap catalysts attracts researchers to conduct a lot of investigations. The niobium species containing both Bronsted and Lewis acid sites can be applied in hydrodeoxygenation of diphenyl ether (DPE). It is important to regulate the acidity of niobium to achieve the selective cleavage of DPE without hydrodeoxygenation. Herein, the weakly acidic Ni/Nb2O5 prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method could efficiently cleave C-O bonds of DPE without hydrodeoxygenation. DPE was completely converted and the yields of target products (cyclohexane and cyclohexanol) reached 90% under the coexistence of H2 and isopropanol. It was ascribed to the common hydrogen supply between H2 and isopropanol which could produce more active hydrogen. Acetone was detected in the solution after the reaction, demonstrating that a dehydrogenation reaction of isopropanol provided hydrogen. In addition, the turnover frequency (TOF) and the apparent activation energy (Ea) for catalytic hydrogenolysis of DPE revealed that Ni/Nb2O5 possessed higher activity than Co/Nb2O5 under the same conditions. The possible reaction pathways were also summarized and analyzed.
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- 2021
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31. Preparation and characterization of nickel loaded on resin char as tar reforming catalyst for biomass gasification
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Xue-Yu Ren, Xian-Yong Wei, Jing-Pei Cao, Tian-Long Liu, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Jie Ren, Yan Wu, and Jing-Xian Wang
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Materials science ,Waste management ,Carbonization ,020209 energy ,Tar ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Corncob ,Analytical Chemistry ,Catalysis ,Nickel ,Fuel Technology ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Specific surface area ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Char ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
A novel porous carbon catalyst was prepared by carbonization of D151 resin exchanged with nickel ion (Ni/RC). TEM images and XRD patterns manifest that nickel crystallite size (NCS) relies greatly on solution pH value and carbonization temperature. The as-prepared Ni/RC in pH 11 at 650 °C achieved the maximal specific surface area of 213 m 2 /g and metallic nickel particles are highly dispersed with a NCS of 5.7 nm. Ni/RC exhibited higher activity for corncob tar reforming than commercial Ni/Al 2 O 3 and produced a gas yield of 46.8 mmol/g at 650 °C. The nickel particles growth above 650 °C causes the decline in catalytic activity of Ni/RC. In the presence of steam, a high tar-free gas of 84.5 mmol/g was obtained at 650 °C. This study sheds light on the possibility of Ni/RC as a promising candidate for H 2 -rich gas production from biomass under mild conditions.
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- 2017
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32. Preparation of high-dispersion Ni/C catalyst using modified lignite as carbon precursor for catalytic reforming of biomass volatiles
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Jing-Pei Cao, Xing Fan, Yun-Peng Zhao, Jie Ren, Xian-Yong Wei, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Fu Wei, and Tian-Long Liu
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Ion exchange ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Metallurgy ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Corncob ,Catalysis ,Demineralization ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Catalytic reforming ,Specific surface area ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Particle size ,0204 chemical engineering ,Carbon ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Lignite is rich in oxygen-containing species (OCSs) and able to load Ni via ion exchange to prepare Ni/C catalyst. However, the OCSs usually exists in the form of organic salts, which can reduce the capacity of Ni ion exchange. In this paper, Shengli lignite (SL) was treated with HCl and HCl/HF to selectively remove the organic salts and insoluble minerals, respectively, and the modified lignite was oxidized by H 2 O 2 to further increase the carboxyl content. The treated lignite was used to prepare Ni/C catalyst and the activity for biomass volatile reforming was evaluated. The results show that demineralization (DM) caused the corrosion of pore structure of SL and gave a Ni/C catalyst with a low specific surface area (SSA) of 222.1 m 2 /g. Oxidation with H 2 O 2 further destroyed the structure of DMSL and provided a Ni/C with the lowest SSA of 141.1 m 2 /g. Acid wash (AW) with HCl resulted in the increase of ion exchange capacity of SL and gave a Ni/C catalyst with larger SSA, higher loading, lower particle size and well dispersion of Ni particle in comparison with SL and DMSL. H 2 O 2 treatment of AWSL significantly increased the amount of carboxyl group to 3.8 mmol/g and gave a Ni/C with the largest SSA of 291.1 m 2 /g, highest Ni loading of 17.3% and smallest Ni crystallite size of 3.4 nm, as well as most active for corncob volatile reforming.
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- 2017
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33. Preparation of porous carbons from waste sugar residue for high performance electric double-layer capacitor
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Li Zhou, Yan Wu, Xian-Yong Wei, Yun-Peng Zhao, Xing Fan, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Zhi-Qiang Hao, and Jing-Pei Cao
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Materials science ,Carbonization ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Biodegradable waste ,Electric double-layer capacitor ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Electrochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Capacitance ,0104 chemical sciences ,Fuel Technology ,Chemical engineering ,Specific surface area ,medicine ,Organic chemistry ,Char ,0210 nano-technology ,Activated carbon ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Waste sugar solution is harmful to the environment and abundant in organic waste, and waste sugar residue (WSR) was obtained by drying waste sugar solution. In order to efficiently solve this issue and created values, activated carbon was prepared by WSR with KOH as activation agent. Carbonization temperature, activation temperature, activation ratio and activation time were investigated, based on the effects of preparation conditions on the electrochemical performance of activated carbon. The electrode material shows superior electrochemical performance, especially when the activated carbon was prepared at the carbonization temperature of 600 °C, activation temperature of 700 °C, activation ratio of 3:1 (KOH:char) and activation time of 2.5 h. It possesses the optimal electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 273.31 F g − 1 and a specific surface area of 1953 m 2 g − 1 . In order to determine the electrochemical stability of activated carbon electrodes, the cycle lifetime was performed at a current density of 1.5 A g − 1 . After 5000 cycles, the capacitance retention rate of 90.1% could be obtained. Additionally, the energy density was relatively high at 1.5 A g − 1 (up to 5.09 Wh kg − 1 ). This study provides a value-added approach for WSR treatment and a potential feedstock for low cost-high performance activated carbons for electric double-layer capacitor.
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- 2017
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34. Nitrogen Evolution during Fast Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge under Inert and Reductive Atmospheres
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Jing-Xian Wang, Xian-Yong Wei, Jing-Pei Cao, Xing Fan, Jie Ren, Xiao-Yan Zhao, and Fu Wei
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Chemistry ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Inorganic chemistry ,Thermal decomposition ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Decomposition ,Nitrogen ,Atmosphere ,Fuel Technology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Char ,Inert gas ,Pyrolysis ,Sludge - Abstract
The influence of atmospheres on the product distribution and behaviors of nitrogen evolution during fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS) was investigated in a drop-tube quartz reactor. The results indicated that H2 improved the formation of gas products and gave a relatively low tar yield in comparison to an inert atmosphere. The char N yield obtained under a H2 atmosphere is lower than that under an Ar atmosphere. Above 500 °C, H2 further promoted the conversion of nitrogenous compounds to NH3. The HCN yield was low under all conditions. The decomposition of nitrogenous substances in SS produced more amine N, nitrile N, and heterocyclic N under a H2 atmosphere. The synergistic effect of a reductive atmosphere and high temperature promoted the thermal decomposition of more difficult-to-cleave N-containing heterocycles, such as piperidines, pyrroles, and pyridines. This study provides a better and deep understanding of the nitrogen transformations during fast pyrolysis of SS under a reductive atmosphere, w...
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- 2017
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35. In situ upgrading of Shengli lignite pyrolysis vapors over metal-loaded HZSM-5 catalyst
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Jing-Xian Wang, Yun-Peng Zhao, Xue-Yu Ren, Jing-Pei Cao, Xian-Yong Wei, Tian-Long Liu, Xing Fan, and Xiao-Yan Zhao
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Chemistry ,Thermal desorption spectroscopy ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Tar ,Infrared spectroscopy ,02 engineering and technology ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Chemical engineering ,Pyrolysis oil ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Organic chemistry ,0204 chemical engineering ,Bifunctional ,Pyrolysis ,Deoxygenation - Abstract
This work is aimed to study in situ upgrading of Shengli lignite pyrolysis vapors over different metal-loaded HZSM-5 in a drop tube reactor. Co/HZSM-5, Mo/HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 (5.0 wt%) were prepared by wet impregnation and characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption analyzer, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia. The effects of temperature and catalyst on product yields and tar properties were investigated. The results show that the optimal temperature for liquid product was 600 °C and aromatics can be directly produced from solid lignite by catalytic fast pyrolysis over metal-loaded HZSM-5 under such mild condition. Due to the participation of metal and acid sites, the bifunctional metal-loaded HZSM-5 showed comparable catalytic activity for deoxygenation reaction in the valorization of oxygen content below 7.1%. The introduction of metal causes the increase of aromatics and the decrease of organic oxygen species in upgraded tar remarkably. Among the catalysts, Ni/HZSM-5 exhibited the best performance for production of high quality tars with highest aromatics content of 94.2% (area%), which can be used as a potential candidate for catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis oil.
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- 2017
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36. Study on pine sawdust pyrolysis behavior by fast pyrolysis under inert and reductive atmospheres
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Xiao-Yan Zhao, Jing-Pei Cao, Yun-Peng Zhao, Xian-Yong Wei, Tian-Long Liu, Xing Fan, Fu Wei, and Jing-Xian Wang
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020209 energy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Methane ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,visual_art ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Organic chemistry ,Char ,Sawdust ,Gas composition ,0204 chemical engineering ,Inert gas ,Pyrolysis ,Carbon ,Carbon monoxide - Abstract
Fast pyrolysis of pine sawdust (PS) was investigated in a drop tube quartz reactor to understand the effects of temperature and atmosphere (Ar and H2) on the product yields, gas composition, bio-oil characteristics (organic composition and molecular mass distributions (MMDs)), and the carbon and oxygen conversion. The pyrolysis behavior and typical products from PS pyrolysis were also conducted using a thermogravimetry-mass spectroscopy (TG-MS) and pyrolysis-gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results show that the highest oil yields can be obtained at 500 °C of 55.09 and 54.41 wt.% under Ar and H2 atmosphere, respectively. In comparison to an inert atmosphere, H2 created lower oil yields but higher gas yields, especially for CO and CH4 yields, and narrower MMDs, smaller Mn and Mw, and fewer char especially at high temperatures. The high temperatures and H2 atmosphere contribute to the oxygen and carbon transferring from material to volatile, especially to the gaseous products. H2 can promote the secondary cracking of macromolecules and weaken the re-polymerization of anhydrosugar and lignin oligomers.
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- 2017
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37. Fundamentals and applications of char in biomass tar reforming
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Jing-Pei Cao, Jie Ren, Yi-Ling Liu, and Xiao-Yan Zhao
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Chemistry ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Biomass ,Tar ,02 engineering and technology ,Heterogeneous catalysis ,Pulp and paper industry ,Methane ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Coal ,Char ,0204 chemical engineering ,business ,Syngas - Abstract
In the last few decades, the production of value-added chemicals from biomass has become a key research focus. Biomass gasification into syngas and further for methane, methanol, and C2+ alcohols production has already proved to be promising for utilization of renewable energy. Therefore, heterogeneous catalyst design and optimization are extremely significant for solving the issues of tar formation during biomass gasification. Apart from alkali metals, natural minerals, and synthetic catalysts, char and char supported catalysts prepared from residual biomass or coal have been already proved to be effective for tar reforming due to their relative chemical inertness, cheap price, excellent pore structures, etc. Advantageously, bio−/coal char could be modified and/or functionalized with heteroatoms doping and metal addition to improve activity in tar reforming. In this review, we systematically discussed the preparation, modification, and application of char catalysts in the reforming of biomass tar and tar model compounds. After that, we reviewed and compared the activity of char catalysts in tar reforming, and then we gave corresponding reactions and deactivation mechanisms over char catalysts in biomass tar reforming. Finally, we proposed existed challenges and shared our perspectives regarding future needs in char catalysts design for accelerating fuel sustainability and green development.
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- 2021
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38. Selective cleavage of ether C-O bond in lignin-derived compounds over Ru system under different H-sources
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Jing-Pei Cao, Tao Xie, Ming Zhao, Wei Jiang, Yun-Peng Zhao, Xian-Yong Wei, Chen Zhu, and Xiao-Yan Zhao
- Subjects
020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Ether ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Catalysis ,Solvent ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Hydrogenolysis ,parasitic diseases ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Organic chemistry ,0204 chemical engineering ,Selectivity ,Inductive effect ,Protic solvent - Abstract
Selective hydrogenolysis, the aromatic ether C-O bonds under mild conditions, is crucial for the valorization of lignin. In this context, the effects of H2 and solvent on the hydrogenolysis of lignin model compounds over Ru catalysts were explored. With H2 as hydrogen donor, the Ru/AC exhibited the highest activity for converting lignin model compounds into monomeric compounds, whereas H2 led to low selectivity of aromatics. However, isopropanol was the good H-donor solvent, which could provide a large amount of active hydrogen to promote the cleavage of C-O bonds. Additionally, the yield of aromatics in isopropanol was higher than that under H2 atmosphere. It could be ascribed to the fact that isopropanol is the protic solvent which displays Lewis basicity, and is a good H-bond donor and a good H-bond acceptor. The higher electron-releasing inductive effect of isopropanol made it easier to provide active hydrogen. Based on the experiments, the mechanism of benzyl phenyl ether hydrogenolysis in H2 and isopropanol system was presented.
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- 2021
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39. Pyrolysis kinetics of soybean straw using thermogravimetric analysis
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Jing-Pei Cao, Jing-Xian Wang, Yun-Peng Zhao, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Xing Fan, Xian-Yong Wei, and Xin Huang
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Thermogravimetric analysis ,Order of reaction ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Thermal decomposition ,Kinetics ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Activation energy ,Straw ,Kinetic energy ,Fuel Technology ,Chemical engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
Thermochemical conversion of crops straw is receiving renewed attention, due to the energy and material recovery that can be achieved. However, it still lacks the kinetic background which is of great importance for a successful design of thermochemical process. In this work, pyrolysis test for soybean straw was performed in a non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to determine the thermal degradation behavior. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out under inert conditions and operated at different heating rates (5, 10, 20, and 30 K/min). Three different kinetic models, iso-conversional Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) models, and Coats–Redfern method were applied on TGA data of soybean straw to calculate the kinetic parameters including activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and reaction order. The activation energy values were 154.15 and 156.22 kJ/mol based on KAS and OFW models, respectively. Simulation of the soybean straw thermal decomposition using the obtained kinetic parameters and comparison with experimental data are in good agreement.
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- 2016
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40. Organic oxygen transformation during pyrolysis of Baiyinhua lignite
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Jing-Xian Wang, Chong Song, Xing Fan, Jing-Pei Cao, Tian-Long Liu, Xian-Yong Wei, Xiao-Yan Zhao, and Xiao-Bo Feng
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Chemistry ,020209 energy ,Inorganic chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Tar ,02 engineering and technology ,Cresol ,Oxygen ,Analytical Chemistry ,Dibenzofuran ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,Xylenol ,Yield (chemistry) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,Phenol ,Pyrolysis ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Fast pyrolysis of a lignite containing a high content of oxygen was investigated to understand the effects of pyrolysis temperature and gas resident time on the yields of pyrolysis products and the distributions of organic oxygen species (OOSs). OOSs in the lignite contain carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl and ether by the results of XPS and FTIR analyses. The tar yield reached the maximum of 15.3% at 500 °C and a gas resident time of 2.5 s. CO 2 was found to be the predominant oxygenous gas at 600 °C, and the significant release of CO 2 at temperatures lower than 400 °C should be related to the high carboxyl content in the lignite. The CO yield increased significantly with the raising temperature and reached 46.4 mL/g (daf) at 700 °C. The O yield in water was lower than 20% during pyrolysis at 200 °C, and sharply increased to 30.6% at 700 °C because of thermal cracking of volatiles. Above 400 °C, the OOSs are mainly released as pyrolysis water and gas. The OOSs detected in the tar include phenols, ketones, ethers, alcohols, and dibenzofuran and its substitute, among which phenols (phenol, cresol, and xylenol) are the main components with yield up to 27.1% (based on tar) at 500 °C and gas residence time of 10 s. The possible oxygen transformation routes for BYHL pyrolysis are also discussed in this work. Such an approach may lead to the development of efficient lignite upgrading technology.
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- 2016
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41. Highly selective aromatic ring hydrogenation of lignin-derived compounds over macroporous Ru/Nb2O5 with the lost acidity at room temperature
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Xiao-Yan Zhao, Chen Zhu, Tao Xie, Yun-Peng Zhao, Ming Zhao, Jing-Pei Cao, Jian-Li Zhang, Liang Zhao, Jin-Xuan Xie, and Wei Jiang
- Subjects
Hydrogen ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Aromaticity ,02 engineering and technology ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Yield (chemistry) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Organic chemistry ,Lignin ,0204 chemical engineering ,Bond energy ,Hydrodeoxygenation ,Incipient wetness impregnation - Abstract
Selective aromatic ring hydrogenation is an important process for the valorization of lignin and designing the high active and selective catalyst is still a challenge. At present, it is reported that such catalysts generally have some shortcomings including strict reaction conditions, complicated catalyst preparation and low reaction efficiency. Herein, Ru/Nb2O5 catalyst with the macropore structure prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method could effectively promote the aromatic rings hydrogenation of various lignin-derived compounds under extremely mild condition (30 °C). The resulting aliphatic compounds with the high yield provided abundant raw materials for the production of fine chemicals and biofuels. In this case, further experiments revealed that it was H2 rather than solvents provided the only hydrogen source. A relatively low bond energy of Ru0 in Ru/Nb2O5 promoted the formation of active hydrogen from H2. Due to the acid loss of Ru/Nb2O5 catalyst, the hydrodeoxygenation reaction did not occur. Moreover, the catalyst was investigated under different influence parameters in order to obtain the optimal reaction conditions (30 °C, 3 MPa H2). The application of Ru/Nb2O5 catalyst may provide a promising approach to the value-added utilization of lignin-derived fragments.
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- 2020
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42. Catalytic reforming of lignite pyrolysis volatiles over sulfated HZSM-5: Significance of the introduced extra-framework Al species
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Jian-Li Zhang, Yun-Peng Zhao, Jing-Pei Cao, Fu Wei, Nai-Yu Yao, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Xian-Yong Wei, Jing-Ping Zhao, Ming Zhao, and Xiao-Bo Feng
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Coke ,Product distribution ,Catalysis ,Acid strength ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Catalytic reforming ,Chemical engineering ,Yield (chemistry) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Zeolite ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
Sulfated HZSM-5 zeolite prepared by dealumination, realumination and sulfation was used as the active mesoporous materials to promote the formation of light aromatics during catalytic reforming of volatiles from Shengli lignite pyrolysis. The results show that HCl-dealumination significantly increased the total pore volume (especially mesopores) and average pore size while reducing acid strength and amount of acid sites. The incorporation of the extra-framework Al species to HZSM-5 combined with SO42− to form superacidic surface sulfate complex exhibited an increase in the yield of light aromatics and a decrease in the yield of coke in comparison with that of original HZSM-5. Among the modified catalysts, SO42−/DHZ5-A (introduced the calcined Al2O3 after HCl-dealumination and modified with (NH4)2SO4) with the acidity enhancement by sulfation obtained the maximum light aromatics yield of 27.3 mg/g and the lowest coke yield of 2.7%. The relationship between the physic-chemical properties of catalysts and the product distribution was proposed to understand the formation of light aromatics.
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- 2020
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43. Highly active and stable HF acid modified HZSM-5 supported Ni catalysts for steam reforming of toluene and biomass pyrolysis tar
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Xiao-Yan Zhao, Jie Ren, Xiao-Bo Feng, Xian-Yong Wei, Ming Zhao, Wen Tang, Fei-Long Yang, Jing-Pei Cao, Xin Cui, and Jing-Xian Wang
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Tar ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Toluene ,Catalysis ,Steam reforming ,Nickel ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,chemistry ,Specific surface area ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Particle size ,0204 chemical engineering ,Pyrolysis ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
This paper investigated the performance of HF modified HZSM-5 supported nickel catalysts (Ni/FZ5) in steam reforming of toluene (TSR) and biomass pyrolysis tar (BSR). The mesopores volume of support increased from 0.021 to 0.061 cm3/g with decreasing acid amount from 2.27 to 0.41 mmol/g after HF treatment. Catalysts with different Ni loadings were prepared and characterized. The Ni/FZ5 with Ni loading of 9 wt% possesses relatively large specific surface area (337 m2/g) and average pore size (2.91 nm), as well as small Ni particle size (23 nm) and high dispersion. In the process of TSR, 9Ni/FZ5 was kept above 70% for 7 h. Owing to the calculated lower apparent activation energy (30.76 KJ/mol), 9Ni/FZ5 exhibited the best performance in BSR at 650 °C, achieving the largest H2 yield of 52.8 mmol/g and the highest selectivity of H2 at 72.8%. Additionally, only 1.6 mg/gcatalyst of coke deposition was detected. Moreover, its high activity was still identified with excellent hydrothermal stability even after 7 times of regeneration. All findings suggest that 9Ni/FZ5 is a promising catalyst for biomass tar cracking.
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- 2020
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44. Synthesis of ZSM-5 using different silicon and aluminum sources nature for catalytic conversion of lignite pyrolysis volatiles to light aromatics
- Author
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Jing-Pei Cao, Yan-Jun Wang, Xiao-Bo Feng, Xian-Yong Wei, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Yong Huang, and Xue-Yu Ren
- Subjects
Materials science ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Coke ,law.invention ,Catalysis ,Crystallinity ,Fuel Technology ,020401 chemical engineering ,Chemical engineering ,law ,Yield (chemistry) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,ZSM-5 ,Crystallization ,Zeolite ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
ZSM-5 zeolites with different physicochemical property were synthesized using different silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) sources by hydrothermal method with controlling Al and Si addition. Different crystal shapes were observed from three Si sources. Al sources can influence crystal formation during crystallinity. Al nature causes different amorphous species which affect zeolite activity by blocking the accessible pores. A feasible mechanism of Si and Al sources for crystallization of zeolite was proposed. The activity for lignite volatiles-to-aromatics (LVTA) reaction was investigated to obtain light aromatics. Zeolite using tetraethylortho silicate and aluminum sulfate octahydrate as Si and Al sources shows large surface area and more accessible pores which cause excellent BTEXN yield (23.7 mg/g). The tar yield in the process of LVTA reaction is associated with both porous and acid properties while excessive acidity may cause the formation of coke on the zeolite which causes the blockage. ZSM-5 with optimum and accessible acid sites and abundant pores give a high tar yield and low coke yield. This work provides a ZSM-5 catalyst with suitable acidity and pore property for LVTA reaction.
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- 2020
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45. Preparation of nickel-loaded on lignite char for catalytic gasification of biomass
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Yun-Peng Zhao, Jing-Pei Cao, Xing Fan, Ben-Shui Wang, Chong Song, Takayuki Takarada, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Xian-Yong Wei, and Yue Bian
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Materials science ,Carbonization ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Tar ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Catalysis ,Nickel ,Fuel Technology ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Catalytic reforming ,Char ,Syngas ,Space velocity - Abstract
A novel catalyst was prepared by loading nickel on Shenli lignite char via ion-exchange. The results show that the nickel crystallite size (NCS) and specific surface area (SSA) of the catalyst significantly depended on solution pH and carbonization temperature. The catalyst prepared in pH 11 at 650 °C reached the maximum SSA of 236.3 m2/g and the nickel particles dispersed quite well in the catalyst with a NCS of 5.6 nm. The catalyst was used for corncob volatiles reforming in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor to study the effects of temperature, steam, and space velocity on gas yields and carbon distributions. It effectively improved tar decomposition at 650 °C under inert atmosphere and produced a tar-free syngas in a yield of 43.9 mmol/g, which is higher than that over a commercial Ni/Al2O3. The increase of the NCS during catalytic reforming above 650 °C leads to the catalyst deactivation for tar decomposition. The study revealed the possibility of using Ni/char as a potential catalyst for low-temperature gasification of biomass.
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- 2015
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46. Nitrogen transformation during gasification of livestock compost over transition metal and Ca-based catalysts
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Jing-Pei Cao, Xiao-Yan Zhao, Takayuki Takarada, Xin Huang, and Xian-Yong Wei
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General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Thermal decomposition ,Inorganic chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Tar ,Nitrogen ,Decomposition ,Catalysis ,Nickel ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,Char ,Energy source - Abstract
Catalytic gasification of a pig compost (PC) was investigated over transition metal catalysts (TMCs, including limonite, CoMo/Al 2 O 3 , Ni/Al 2 O 3 , and nickel loaded on lignite char) and Ca-based catalysts (dolomite and CaO) in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor to understand the effects of catalyst, temperature, and steam on nitrogen distributions. Non-catalytic thermal decomposition (TD) of PC volatiles below 750 °C is not effective for decomposing the entire volatile nitrogen species (VNSs) to N 2 . NH 3 was found to be the predominant nitrogenous gas under inert conditions used in this investigation, and its yield increased with raising TD temperature. The N yield in HCN is lower than 5% below 550 °C, and sharply increased to 13.9% at 750 °C due to TD of volatiles. Most of VNSs were converted to N 2 over TMCs, especially over Ni-based ones. The TMCs proved to be quite active not only for tar reduction, but also for VNSs decomposition at 450–650 °C. On the contrary, CaO-based catalysts, especially dolomite, significantly promoted the conversion of VNSs to NH 3 . Ni/Al 2 O 3 effectively promoted the conversion of NH 3 and HCN to N 2 at 550 °C. Steam introduced mainly prevented HCN decomposition over dolomite and coke deposition over Ni/Al 2 O 3 . This study provides a basic insight into the nitrogen transformations during catalytic gasification of PC, which would benefit the clean utilization of PC as an energy source.
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- 2015
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47. Influences of pyrolysis conditions in the production and chemical composition of the bio-oils from fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge
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Xiao-Bo Feng, Yun-Peng Zhao, Jing-Pei Cao, Takayuki Takarada, Peng Shi, Xin Huang, Xing Fan, Xiao-Yan Zhao, and Xian-Yong Wei
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Fuel Technology ,Chemical engineering ,Biofuel ,Chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,Organic chemistry ,Gas chromatography ,Tube furnace ,Raw material ,Pyrolysis ,Chemical composition ,Sludge ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
Fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS) was investigated in a drop tube furnace to understand the effects of pyrolysis temperature and sweeping gas flow rate (SGFR) on the yields and chemical composition of pyrolysis products. The bio-oil yield reached ca. 45.3% at 500 °C and a SGFR of 300 mL/min. The bio-oils were analyzed with an elemental analyzer, Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer, and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. The chemical composition of the bio-oil significantly depended on the pyrolysis temperature. The bio-oils obtained at low temperatures are species, such as alkenes, alkanes, long-chain fatty acids and esters, and aliphatic nitriles and amides. At high temperatures, aliphatic and thermally labile organooxygen species were mainly cracked to gaseous products, while the organonitrogen species tended to form aromatic species, especially N-heterocyclic ones. Because of its high nitrogen content, the SS bio-oil is unfeasible for use as fuel feedstock, but possible for use as chemical feedstock. This study provides a basic insight into the preparation and characterization of bio-oil from SS, which would facilitate the use of the bio-oil both as clean fuel and value-added chemical.
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- 2014
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48. HyperCoal-derived porous carbons with alkaline hydroxides and carbonate activation for electric double-layer capacitors
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Jing-Pei Cao, Kazushi Magarisawa, Takayuki Takarada, Xian-Yong Wei, Xiao-Yan Zhao, and Shan-Shan Huang
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Carbonization ,General Chemical Engineering ,Inorganic chemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Electrolyte ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fuel Technology ,Adsorption ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Specific surface area ,Propylene carbonate ,medicine ,Hydroxide ,Porosity ,Activated carbon ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) with HyperCoal-derived activated carbons (ACs) as electrodes are reported in this work. The ACs were prepared by the carbonization of HyperCoal at 600 °C followed by the activation with KOH and NaOH for 2 h between 500 and 800 °C to achieve high total pore volume (TPV) and specific surface area (SSA). The porosity of the ACs was characterized with N 2 adsorption at 77 K. The results show that the ACs prepared with KOH and NaOH activations at 700 °C have a SSA of 2594 and 3010 m 2 g − 1 and a TPV of 1.36 and 1.77 cm 3 g − 1 , respectively, leading to the highest specific capacitance of 43.1 and 43.9 F g − 1 , respectively, in a two-electrode EDLC cell with 0.5 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate/propylene carbonate (TEABF 4 /PC) electrolyte. Activations with CaCO 3 and KOH/CaCO 3 mixture were also investigated to understand the effect of CaCO 3 on the properties of the ACs. CaCO 3 significantly inhibited the porosity development during KOH activation and gave ACs with quite low SSA and specific capacitance. The results demonstrated that the alkaline hydroxide activation is an efficient approach to the preparation of ACs from HyperCoal with high-performance for EDLCs.
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- 2014
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49. Catalytic reforming of volatiles and nitrogen compounds from sewage sludge pyrolysis to clean hydrogen and synthetic gas over a nickel catalyst
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Xian-Yong Wei, Jing-Pei Cao, Peng Shi, Takayuki Takarada, and Xiao-Yan Zhao
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Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Tar ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Fluid catalytic cracking ,Steam reforming ,Fuel Technology ,Chemical engineering ,Catalytic reforming ,Chemical Engineering(all) ,Organic chemistry ,Inert gas ,Pyrolysis ,NOx ,Syngas - Abstract
Low-temperature catalytic reforming of volatiles and nitrogen compounds from sewage sludge (SS) pyrolysis was performed in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor over Ni/Al2O3 under inert and steam-reforming conditions. The results show that the reforming of SS volatiles significantly depended on temperature, space velocity, steam partial pressure, and feedstock type. Catalytic cracking of SS volatiles at 650 °C under inert atmosphere produced a tar-free synthetic gas with a H2/CO ratio of 2:1 in a high yield, which is preferred for maximum conversion efficiency for methanol synthesis. Steam as the gasifying agent gave a H2-rich gas (H2 content 68.0 vol.%) with a high yield of 82.5 mmol · g-1 (daf) at 650 °C, while the H2 yield is twice as that from non-steam gasification. Ni/Al2O3 effectively improved tar reforming and showed great resistance to coke deposition in the presence of steam. NH3, HCN, and nitrogen in tar are the main volatile nitrogen species in SS pyrolysis. Almost all the NOx precursors were converted to N2 by catalytic reforming at 650 °C both in the presence and absence of steam. Such an approach may lead to the development of a clean SS utilization technology and also H2/synthetic gas production technology from SS.
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- 2014
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50. Low-temperature catalytic gasification of sewage sludge-derived volatiles to produce clean H2-rich syngas over a nickel loaded on lignite char
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Sirimirin Meesuk, Xin Huang, Takayuki Takarada, Ben-Shui Wang, Jing-Pei Cao, Xian-Yong Wei, Xiao-Yan Zhao, and Kazuyoshi Sato
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Thermal decomposition ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Tar ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Decomposition ,Catalysis ,Nickel ,Fuel Technology ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Char ,Sludge ,Syngas - Abstract
Catalytic gasification (CG) of sewage sludge-derived volatiles (SSDVs) was investigated over a prepared nickel loaded on Loy Yong lignite char (Ni/LYLC) in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor to understand the effects of the catalyst, temperature, and steam on the gas yields and nitrogen transformations. Non-catalytic thermal decomposition of SSDVs below 650 °C is not effective for decomposing the tar and converting the volatile nitrogen species (VNSs) to N 2 . Ni/LYLC proved to be quite active not only for tar reduction, but also for the conversion of VNSs to N 2 at 650 °C. CG of SSDVs over Ni/LYLC produced significant amount of clean H 2 -rich syngas. CG above 650 °C results in the increase of nickel crystallite size and the deactivation of Ni/LYLC for tar decomposition. The study revealed the possibility of using Ni/LYLC as a potential catalyst for low-temperature CG of sewage sludge to produce clean H 2 -rich syngas.
- Published
- 2014
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Catalog
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