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In this paper, a meticulous modeling approach is proposed not only for a fuel cell stack itself but also for all auxiliary components that collectively form the fuel cell system. This comprehensive modeling approach encompasses a wide range of components, including, but not limited to, the hydrogen recirculation pump and the air compressor. Each component is thoroughly analyzed and modeled based on the detailed specifications provided by suppliers. This involves considering factors such as efficiency, operating parameters, response times, and interactions with other system elements. By integrating these detailed models, a holistic understanding of the entire fuel cell system's performance can be attained. Such an approach enables engineers and designers to simulate various operating scenarios, predict system behavior under different conditions, and optimize the system design for maximum efficiency and reliability. Moreover, it allows for informed decision-making throughout the system's development, deployment, and operational phases, ultimately leading to more robust and effective energy systems. The model validation is performed by comparing experimental data to theoretical results, and the observed difference does not exceed 3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multiphysical proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack model. The stack model is divided into three submodels describing the different physical domains, namely, electrical, fluidic, and thermal. The stacking method has been used to model the fuel cell stack from a single-cell model. The proposed model has been validated against a 1.2-kW commercial PEMFC stack with excellent agreement between simulation and experimentation. Based on the simulation results, a novel model reduction method is proposed. The reduced model is suitable for real-time simulation purpose. Moreover, a real-time-model-based fuel cell emulator is introduced. The emulator has three real-time computation cores with different rates. The three computation cores are interconnected with a digital communication bus. A dc/dc buck converter is designed in order to receive the model-predicted stack power conditions and emulate the real fuel cell stack power output. The experimental test results show that such an emulator is suitable for fuel cell system hardware-in-the-loop applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents a control solution based on dynamic disturbance decoupling control (DDC) for a centrifugal compression system, which is used to supply the compressed air to the fuel cell, thereby reacting with the hydrogen to produce electricity. As a result of its ultra-high speed, this compressor has a great advantage of ultra-compactness, which makes it more suitable for transportation applications. However, unlike positive displacement compressors, the centrifugal compressor has strong coupling between mass flow and pressure, which gives rise to the difficulty of control and also limits its operating region. In this paper, a unique dynamic DDC strategy, based on the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) framework, is developed to control the mass flow and pressure simultaneously. The experimental results show that, compared with a traditional PI controller this controller performs better in both the transient and steady states. This control system has been validated on a 10 kW fuel cell model under load variations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]