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This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatments in correction of alone boron (B) and multiple B, zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) deficiencies in olive table cultivar (Gemlik) in the southeastern Marmara region of Turkey. This work consisted of four field experiments which mainly included control, soil, and foliar applications of B alone and combinations with Zn and Fe. In experiment I, borax was applied alone foliarly and via soil. In the other three experiments, double and triple combinations of iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) and zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) with borax were applied foliarly and via soil. Soil applications of the compounds were only performed in the first year of the experiments. However, the leaves and the fruits were sampled in the following year to estimate the residual effect of soil applications. Foliar applications were sprayed onto leaves twice and four times at two doses in consecutive years. Soil and foliar applications of borax increased leaf and fruit B concentrations. However, foliarly treated B was more effective than soil application. Four times foliar applications of boron in each season seemed to be appropriate treatment to maintain a sufficient B level in olive trees. Foliar applications of double and triple combinations of FeSO4.7H2O and ZnSO4.7H2O with borax increased significantly Fe and Zn concentrations in the leaves as well. Boron concentrations were dramatically higher in the fruits than in the leaves. These results clearly indicated the translocation of B from soil and treated leaves to the fruits. Therefore, fruit B concentration was more descriptive in the evaluation of the B nutrition level of olive trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of various treatments in correction of single deficiency of iron (Fe) and multiple deficiencies of Fe, zinc (Zn), and boron (B) in an olive cultivar (Gemlik) in the southeastern Marmara region of Turkey. This study was consisted of four field experiments, which included control, soil and foliar applications of Fe alone, and combinations with Zn and B. Soil applications of the compounds were only performed in the first year of the experiments to estimate residual effect of soil applications in the following year. Foliar applications were sprayed onto leaves two and four times at two doses in consecutive years. Soil application of iron sulfate did not increase Fe concentrations in the both leaves and fruits. Foliar applications of iron sulfate considerably elevated leaf total and active Fe concentrations, but the effect of the foliar applications on fruit Fe concentrations was small. Two foliar applications of iron in each season seemed to be appropriate treatment in the all experiments, as well. To maintain sufficient Fe concentrations, especially in the newly developing tissues of olive trees, foliar application of Fe should be conducted at least four times at the lowest dose as performed in the experiments. Foliar applications of double and triple combinations of iron sulfate with zinc sulfate and borax increased significantly B and Zn concentrations in the trees, as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black table olive production is concentrated in the southeastern Marmara Region of Turkey, which is one of the most important agricultural areas of the country with highly fertile soils. Soil pollution has become an important concern for arable lands as a result of intensive agriculture and urban-industrial expansion in the region. This study was conducted to characterize the metal accumulation in the soils, fruits, and leaves ofOleaeuropeaL. in the orchards located in southeastern Marmara Region. The research was performed in 64 orchards with cv. Gemlik table olive trees in the towns of İznik, Orhangazi, Gemlik, Mudanya, and Nilüfer of Bursa Province in the region. To determine levels of pollution, soils and aboveground parts of the trees were sampled and analyzed for iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd). Total amounts of Ni and Cr were found to be excessive in soils. Cadmium, Co, and Cu concentrations were slightly greater than the permissible ranges in a minority of the soils tested The concentrations of these elements, however, were not at the toxic levels in the different plant parts. Because of lack of standard concentrations indicating excessive concentrations of extractable elements, statuses of extractable elements in the soils were not evaluated. Except for Zn in some fruit samples and Cu in some fruit and leaf samples, metal accumulation in the trees were not estimated by both leaf and fruit analysis. Concentration of total and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)–extractable metals in the soils did not correlate with the plant content of the metals. Therefore, total and DTPA-extractable metal concentrations were not reliable and descriptive in estimating metal concentrations in olive trees. As a result, the appearance of metals in soils might be due to agricultural activities and parent material. Continuous monitoring and future studies of the olive orchards are recommended to ascertain long-term impacts of pollution on the trees. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: A comparative study on elemental composition of various peach cultivars was implemented to see whether a single set of sufficiency ranges might be used for all the cultivars. For this purpose, concentrations of the elements (N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co and Pb) were determined in the leaf and fruit parts of peach cultivars, Redhaven, Glohaven and J.H. Hale. The mean concentrations of N, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cr were found to be statistically different in the leaves depending on the cultivars. However, the differences were not large. Concentrations of the elements in the component parts of the fruit namely flesh and peel were similar in all the cultivars, except Co and Pb in the flesh, Fe in the peel. In spite of the differences found among the some elements, in the leaves of the cultivars, the concentration of these elements were near to each other. Therefore, it may be suggested that interpretation of the leaf and fruit analysis results from the different peach cultivars can be made by comparing to a single set of critical values or sufficiency ranges. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]