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Background: The consumption of macronutrients rich in sugars, mainly fructose, promote metabolic changes and induce insulin resistance, hepatic and extrahepatic fatty acid deposits, as well as an increase in the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress. Methods: Randomized clinical study, 74 subjects participated, divided into 2 group: a calorie-restricted diet (n=37) and a low-fructose diet (n=37). They were evaluated at the beginning and 6 weeks after the implementation of the diet, using anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, Student’s t test for two independent samples considering unequal variances and for means of two paired samples. Level p<0.05 was considered in each analysis test. Results: The body mass index (BMI) shows statistically significant differences p< 0.05 in the group with calorie restriction after applying the diet. The waist and hip circumference were modified by the implementation of the diet in each independent group (p<0.001 for each statistical difference, respectively), only the waist-hip index (WHR) was modified when the results were compared between both groups, p<0.05. In the biochemical parameters after the implementation of the diets, in the low-fructose diet group an increase in blood glucose was observed from 175.97 to 187.40 mg/dl, cholesterol from 34.05 to 36.89 mg/dl and HDL from 104.77 to 115.47 mg/dl. However, no statistically significant differences were found when comparing both groups. No statistically significant differences were observed in lipid peroxidation parameters or oxidized carbonyls. Conclusion: The modifications in hepatic metabolism could be related to the energy quantity and the source of macronutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fructose is a monosaccharide commonly found in fruits. However, it can also be found in carbonated beverages, cereals, fruit juices, and in other processed fruit. The consumption of fructose in moderate to high amounts increases levels of triglycerides in plasma and alters hepatic glucose homeostasis. Little information is avialble on fructose consumption in Mexico. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of fructose consumption among college students enrolled at the Unviersity of Guanajuato in Mexico (Celaya-Salvatierra Campus). Methods: This was an explorative, cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 57 full time students attending Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation program were included in the analysis. Demographic data, food frequency questionnaire, and body mass index (BMI) were collected from all students. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics; discrete variables were reported as frequencies or percentages and continuous variables were reported as means and standard deviations. Results: The average age of participants was 19.5 ± 2.8 years. 72% of participants were female and 28% were male. The average BMI was 24.0 ± 4.1 Kg / m2, indicating normal BMI range. Fructose consumption was roughly 55g per day. Conclusion: Previous research demonstrated that levels below 50 mg per day are safe. Madero et al. reported that that consumption of 50-70 g of fructose per day is considered to be moderate. We found that students consumed 55g of fructose, so their fructose intake is at a moderate level and should not be an obesity-inducing factor, also consistent with BMI ranges of our research participants. Considering obesity epidemic in Mexico, further studies examining the source of calories in Mexican poipualation are warranted, especially among young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]