Search

Highlights • The respiratory viral profile varied with age. • The distribution of viruses is variable over the year depending on the species. • Persistence of non-enveloped viruses throughout the year. • Atmospheric temperature was rarely a limiting factor in the circulation of viruses., Background Acute respiratory infections are a principal cause of illness and mortality especially in young children worldwide. Objectives To study the epidemiology and seasonality of viral respiratory infections in hospitalized children (under the age of 16) between September 2012 and August 2016. Study design Nasopharyngeal swabs or aspirates were collected from 3199 symptomatic patients and then screened with a routine multiplex PCR assay. Results Respiratory viruses were detected for 1624 (50.8%) of the 3199 children in the study population. Of these, 210 (13.3%) were positive for two viruses, 28 (1.7%) were positive for three, and 3 (0.2%) were positive for four. The viral profile varied with age. Some viruses were significantly more frequent in children under the age of 1 month (such as human respiratory syncytial virus (p

Background Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) plays an important role in the innate immune response. In addition to activating the complement, MBL can induce cytokine production and contribute to a deleterious inflammatory response with severe A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. Our aim was to determine if serum MBL levels correlate with the risk of mortality in intensive care units (ICU) patients with A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. Methods Prospective observational study was performed in ICU patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Demographic characteristics and severity indices were recorded at ICU admission. MBL was assayed from blood drawn at influenza diagnosis within 24–48 h following the ICU admission. Outcomes were compared according to MBL levels. Results are expressed as median and interquartile range. Results Serum MBL levels were studied in 27 patients (age: 56 [IQR 29] years) with severe A(H1N1)pdm09 infection and in 70 healthy controls. Median admission SAPSII and SOFA scores were 49 [IQR 26] and 12 [IQR 5], respectively. Mortality rate after a 30-day was 37%. MBL was significantly higher in non-survivors (3741 [IQR 2336] ng/ml) vs survivors (215 [IQR 1307] ng/ml), p = 0.006, as well as control group (1814 [IQR 2250] ng/ml), p = 0.01. In contrast, MBL levels in survivors group were significantly lower than the controls group (215 [IQR 1307] ng/ml vs. 1814 [IQR 2250] ng/ml, p = 0.005). MBL cut-off > 1870 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 88.2% for mortality [AUC = 0.82 (95% CI 0.63–0.94)]. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated a strong association between MBL levels and mortality (log-rank 7.8, p = 0.005). MBL > 1870 ng/ml was independently associated with mortality (HR = 8.7, 95% CI 1.2–29.1, p = 0.007). Conclusions This study shows that baseline MBL > 1870 ng/ml is associated with higher mortality in ICU patients with severe A(H1N1)pdm09 infection.

Background Epidemiological data on human papillomavirus (HPV) are needed to estimate potential changes in type distribution induced by recent HPV vaccination strategies. Objectives and study design The epidemiological distribution of HPV in 669 cervical specimens from French women with and without cytological abnormalities was evaluated using type-specific PCR or sequencing. The results were compared with those obtained using the Digene ® high-risk Hybrid Capture 2 (HR-HC2) assay. Results The overall prevalence of HPV was high (45.3%) in our study population. 285 of the 291 HPV-positive samples were typed. The distribution frequency concerned 34 different genotypes, with HPV16 being the most prevalent (32.6%). Other genotypes present were HPV31 (7.4%), HPV18, HPV 52 (both 6.0%), HPV6 (5.3%) and HPV66 (4.2%). The respective frequencies of all other genotypes were below 4%. The agreement with HR-HC2 was 78.8%. The distribution frequency data were also analyzed relatively to cytological and histological results. Our method enables the diagnosis of HPV infections with the additional advantage of genotyping. Conclusion HPV infections in the area of France studied here involve numerous HPV types, but the high cumulative prevalences of types 16, 18, 6 and 11 (44.6% in total) would suggest a major impact of vaccination on these genotypes.