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The intent is to manifest that the externaldevelopmentsample in tumors are 2-D fractal. The fractal dimension disparateon the report to histological kind and drop of cell is captured. To observe the fractal dimension by employing three methods namely Box Counting Method, Mass Radius Method and Radius of gyration. In this regard it is assumed that fractal is a device to discover the dimension of the tumor. This will be considerate to the pathologist to inspect whether the tumor swelling is begnin or malignant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the complexity of stock exchanges through fractal theory. Closing price indices of four stock exchanges with different industry sectors are selected. Degree of complexity is assessed through Higuchi's fractal dimension. Various window sizes are considered in evaluating the fractal dimension. It is inferred that the data considered as a whole represents random walk for all the four indices. Analysis of financial data through windowing procedure exhibits multi-fractality. Attempts to apply moving averages to reduce noise in the data revealed lower estimates of fractal dimension, which was verified using fractional Brownian motion. A change in the normalization factor in Higuchi's algorithm did improve the results. It is quintessential to focus on rural development to realize a standard and steady growth of economy. Tools must be devised to settle the issues in this regard. Micro level institutions are necessary for the economic growth of a country like India, which would induce a sporadic development in the present global economical scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]