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This study presents the effect of chitosan on the properties of zinc ferrite nanoparticles suitable for potential biomedical applications. The co‐precipitation method is employed to fabricate these bio‐composites that exhibit excellent microstructural properties. The X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis confirms the presence of a cubic spinel structure in the zinc ferrite‐chitosan bio‐composites, indicative of their crystalline nature. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging revealed spherical particles with a size distribution below 100 nm, demonstrating the successful synthesis of homogenous nanosized particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis identifies the active functional groups within the bio‐composites, providing valuable insights into the molecular structure and interactions present in the synthesized materials. The presence of chitosan is confirmed, highlighting its role in modifying the chemical composition and enhancing the biocompatibility of the samples. UV–vis absorption spectra analysis reveals that the samples exhibits absorbance within the visible range. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis demonstrates the superparamagnetic behavior of the samples. Remarkably, these formulated samples exhibit superparamagnetism with zero coercivity and a magnetization of ≈0.0125 emu g−1 at 5 kOe when doped with chitosan. These properties are crucial for potential biomedical applications making it a promising candidate for various biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, nanoparticles have been used as raw ingredients for biofertilizers, mineral supplements in animal feed, and pharmaceuticals. Manganese plays a vital role in enhancing fish's growth and biological function. The present research work aimed to analyze the various quantities of manganese oxide nanoparticles on common carp growth and its haematological traits. Synthesized manganese oxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles were illustrated using UV-visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDAX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Six different feeds were prepared by incorporating different quantities of manganese oxide nanoparticles (Feed I (control-0mg), Feed II(3mg/100g), Feed III(6mg/100g), Feed IV(9mg/100g), Feed V(12mg/100g), and Feed VI (15mg/100g)) with common ingredients such as groundnut oil cake, fish meal, tapioca flour, and wheat flour. On the completion of 21 days, feed utilization and haematological characteristics of Common carp were assessed. The UV-Vis showed that manganese oxide nanoparticles exhibit strong adsorption peaks at 220nm. SEM image observed at the wavelength range from 9.22 nm to 9.35 nm. The size of the particles was in the 45-55 nm range. The EDAX spectrum recorded two peaks between 0.40 and 6 kev. The XRD graph shows that the diffraction peaks are indexed as 103, 004, 213, 204, 303, and 215. FT-IR spectrum measured at the wavelength range from 500-4000cm-1. Most of the growth parameters and haematological parameters were higher in feed III, containing 6mg of Manganese oxide nanoparticles. Therefore, results show that manganese oxide incorporated feed enhances the growth and haematological traits in common carp compared to control feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, many studies have shown various beneficial effects of polyphenol resveratrol (Res) on human health. The most important of these effects include cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, osteoinductive, and anti-microbial effects. Resveratrol has cis and trans isoforms, with the trans isoform being more stable and biologically active. Despite the results of in vitro experiments, resveratrol has limited potential for application in vivo due to its poor water solubility, sensitivity to oxygen, light, and heat, rapid metabolism, and therefore low bioavailability. The possible solution to overcome these limitations could be the synthesis of resveratrol in nanoparticle form. Accordingly, in this study, we have developed a simple, green solvent/non-solvent physicochemical method to synthesize stable, uniform, carrier-free resveratrol nanobelt-like particles (ResNPs) for applications in tissue engineering. UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) was used to identify the trans isoform of ResNPs which remained stable for at least 63 days. The additional qualitative analysis was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while X-ray diffraction (XRD) determined the monoclinic structure of resveratrol with a significant difference in the intensity of diffraction peaks between commercial and nano-belt form. The morphology of ResNPs was evaluated by optical microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) that revealed a uniform nanobelt-like structure with an individual thickness of less than 1 μm. Bioactivity was confirmed using Artemia salina in vivo toxicity assay, while 2,2–diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylhydrate (DPPH) reduction assay showed the good antioxidative potential of concentrations of 100 μg/ml and lower. Microdilution assay on several reference strains and clinical isolates showed promising antibacterial potential on Staphylococci, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) being 800 μg/ml. Bioactive glass-based scaffolds were coated with ResNPs and characterized to confirm coating potential. All of the above make these particles a promising bioactive, easy-to-handle component in various biomaterial formulations. Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the development of bacterial resistance towards antibiotics has the potential to limit the effectiveness of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases, it is necessary to try different strategies to provide alternatives. In order to solve the problems, this work used silver nanoparticles‐loaded polydopamine‐modified montmorillonite (AgNP/PDA−Mt) to cope with the infection of the gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia. Coli and the gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus. aureus. Polydopamine‐modified montmorillonite (PDA−Mt) was used to reduce silver ions into silver nanoparticles through the hydroxyl groups of polydopamine. The chemical properties and morphology of AgNP/PDA−Mt were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), etc. Also, its antimicrobial property has been investigated. The results showed that AgNP/PDA−Mt possessed significant sterilization at low doses. And the results had been shown its acceptable biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano core–shell drug carriers with high stability, low toxicity, and targeted drug delivery are significance for the delivery of anti-tumor drugs. In this study, Albumin from bovine serum (BSA), serving as a capping agent, was conjugated to MSNs via a cleavable disulfide bond to generate a redox-responsive nanocarrier (MSNs@BSA). Subsequently, cRGD peptide, as a targeting ligand, was modified on the particle surface by a protein cross-linker to obtain nanoparticles with tumor cell-targeting properties (RGD-MSNs@BSA). The construction of RGD-MSNs@BSA was confirmed by DLS analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. It was displayed that the model anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was efficiently and stably encapsulated in RGD-MSNs@BSA in the absence of glutathione (GSH), and an outbreak of DOX was observed when the particles were exposed to a GSH-containing environment. It demonstrated that disulfide-linked BSA capping can increase the drug loading stability, while enduing it redox sensitivity. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope tests displayed that cellular uptake of RGD-MSNs@BSA was much higher than that of particles without cRGD and free DOX. These results indicated that RGD-MSNs@BSA can increase drug tumor-targeting and drug cellular uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles have been used to overcome the limitations of oral drug delivery. This study was performed to examine the effects of modifying Digitaria exilis starch by cross-linking with multifunctional excipients: citric acid (CA) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) to produce starch citrate and phosphate respectively at 20 % concentration. Thereafter, nanoparticles were synthesized via the nanoprecipitation method in the presence of Tween® 80, using ibuprofen as the model drug. The physicochemical properties of the modified starch were evaluated and the nanoparticles characterized by the encapsulation efficiciency, loading capacity, particle size, polydispersity index, scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), in vitro drug release and release kinetics. Results show that both cross-linkers improved the physicochemical properties of the starch, and produced particles in the nanometer range (616 nm and 933 nm) for citric acid and sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles respectively. Spherical and pitted particles corresponding to citric acid and sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles respectively were produced and they both showed a controlled release of ibuprofen from the formulation and both followed the Higuchi kinetic model with R2 values that exhibited a non-fickian diffusion pattern. This study revealed that the two excipients had different effects on the size and morphology of the nanoparticles and controlled the release of drug from the nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanometer molecularly imprinted polymers (nano‐MIPs) spherical particles with specific recognition of sialic acid (SA) are synthesized by electrochemically mediated atomic transfer radical polymerization combined with the precipitation method. SA is used as template molecules,4‐vinylphenylboronicacid as functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinking agent. The successful synthesis of spherical nano‐MIPs is verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and Malvern particle size instruments. The effects of the potential adjustment on the morphology, size, and particle size distribution of MIP particles are further investigated. By adjusting the potential for polymerization, nanoparticles with average sizes of 160.32, 275.87, and 331.99 nm are obtained. The recognition performance of nano‐MIPs for SA is characterized by a UV–vis spectrophotometer and the satisfactory imprinting factor is 1.54. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green and efficient method for the synthesis of chromene derivatives using TiO2 doped Ag as a photocatalyst under visible light irradiation at room temperature is reported. The advantages of our method are clean reaction condition, easy workup procedure, use of eco-friendly solvent, and recyclable catalyst and most importantly higher yield of the product. The photocatalyst was found to be highly efficient for the synthesis of chromene derivatives within a short reaction time. The photocatalyst was prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and powder XRD technique and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, the in-vitro study of helminths against S. obvelata were investigated and it was found that chromene derivatives were active against S. obvelata and showed no sign of acute toxicity in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging nanobiotechnology has provided innovative techniques to synthesize nanoparticles through biological methods to explore the potentialities of biological sources like phytoextracts, microbes, animal secretions and excretion. This research studies the potential of vermiwash to synthesize the silver and gold nanoparticles and evaluate its in vitro effect of antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities. The characterization of the nanoparticles was analyzed through various techniques. Ultraviolet (UV)-Visible spectroscopy showed the maximum absorption spectrum at 413 nm for silver and 541 nm for gold nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the reducing agent involved in nanoparticles synthesis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed the size of the silver and gold nanoparticles as 24 nm and 50 nm, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis revealed the elemental composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles that displayed the preferential orientation of the crystals toward the (111) plane. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the resazurin assay method. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 7.8 µg was observed in Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the antifungal activity, MIC at 250 µg was noted in Mucor sp. and Candida albicans. Antidiabetic activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. IC50 of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity of the silver nanoparticles was noted as 218 and 221 µg/mL, respectively. IC 50 value for the enzymatic assay dose-dependently confirmed the effect. Conclusively biosynthesized nanoparticles from vermiwash showed potential efficiency of antibacterial, antifungal and antidiabetic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salvia species have been used extensively in medicinal and food industries for years due to their significant secondary metabolites contents such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Silver nanoparticles capped and stabilized by Salvia aethiopis compounds are expected to reveal considerable biological effects. In this study, Salvia aethiopis L. was heated in distilled water for 2 h. After filtration, water extract was treated with silver nitrate for 2 h at 60 °C to yield the silver nanoparticles (Sa-AgNPs). The structure of silver nanoparticles was elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and zeta potential analyses. The maximum absorption in UV–Vis spectrum was observed at 508 nm. XRD pattern (2θ) at 38.1°, 44.3°, 64.4°, and 77.4° degrees can be assigned to the (111), (200), (220) and (311) Bragg's reflections of the face-centered cubic crystalline structure. The average size of Sa-AgNPs was found as 74.09 nm by SEM analysis. The characteristic hydroxyl vibration signal appeared at 3222 cm−1. The zeta potential of Sa-AgNPs was found as − 20.3 mV displaying the stability of Sa-AgNPs. Antioxidant activity of extract and Sa-AgNPs were carried out using DPPH⋅, ABTS⋅+ FRAP assay. The Sa-AgNPs revealed a considerable ABTS⋅+ scavenging effect with the value of 4.93 (IC50, µg/mL) compared to BHT (IC50, µg/mL, 8.34). However, Sa-AgNPs displayed a lower DPPH⋅ activity (IC50, µg/mL, 24.37) than that of the standard BHT (IC50, µg/mL, 9.67). The reducing power activity of Sa-AgNPs was found as 4.52 (µmol TE/mg extract) while the standard BHT value was 488 (µmol TE/mg extract). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous poly (vinyl alcohol) scaffold samples were fabricated using nanoparticles and nano-fibers of tricalcium phosphate, which were added separately to the scaffolds with two ratios 0.05 and 0.25, respectively. Then, the results obtained were compared. The surface morphology and spectrum were examined by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The phase composition by X-ray diffraction was also examined to prove the bioactivity of the scaffold. The biodegradation, mechanical properties, porosity, density, and swelling were also tested. The impact of the strength values was enhanced significantly from 3.89 to 13.24 kJ/m² by using the nano-fibers of tri-calcium phosphate. However, the porosity of the tri-calcium phosphate nano-particles was higher than the tri-calcium phosphate nano-fibers by up to 62%. In fact, the porosity values in nano-fibers tri-calcium phosphate were also acceptable in comparison with the natural human bone. The samples show the highest percentage of 43% in losing weight in the G5 after incubation in phosphate buffer saline for the biodegradation test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel DHA-loaded nanoparticle with PLGA and chitosan (PCSDNP) was successfully prepared. The structure of PCSDNP and DHA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles was measured by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and differential scanning calorimeter. The interaction strength between DHA, PLGA, and chitosan was evaluated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The curves of controlled DHA release and stabilities for different environmental factors of two NPs were evaluated. Importantly, two NPs were almost regularly spherical and the interactions were hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between PLGA and chitosan. These NPs had a good encapsulation rate (80.45%) and high-water solubility than the free DHA molecule. In simulated gastrointestinal fluid, two NPs showed a controlled-release pattern. Overall, PCSDNP had better stability and controlled-release effect with the synergy between CS and PLGA under the conditions of pH (2– 7), ionic strength (0– 500 mM), storage time (0– 42 d), and temperature (30– 80 °C). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the hybrid WO3/titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts were prepared using hydrothermal method for the degradation of methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation. The scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultra violet visible absorption and photoluminescence emission spectroscopy were employed to study the morphology, structure and functional groups, elemental composition and purity, and optical properties. The morphological results showed the rectangular structure of pure WO3 with size of 36–550 nm, whereas spherical structures were also observed after incorporation of TiO2 in WO3. The monoclinic phase was found with high crystallinity. The composite sample (2% TiO2/WO3) showed seven times improved photocatalytic activity as compared to pure samples. The improvement may attribute to the increase of the photo-absorption effect by the TiO2, the cooperative effect of the WO3, optimal band gap and unique morphological structures. Considering our present study as cost-effective method, the as-synthesised photocatalysts can be suitable and give a new perspective for applied use in energy and environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work reports a simple approach for large-scale synthesis of hausmannite manganese oxide, Mn3O4 nanoparticles. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, FT-Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis. The electrical properties are examined with current–voltage characteristics. Crystal phase and hausmannite structure were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited uniform size distribution and good stability as confirmed from electron microscopy studies. The synthesized nano-Mn3O4 is further evaluated for its potential in dye degradation and photocatalytic applications. The coexistence of Mn3O4 and H2O2 plays an important role on efficient decomposition of methylene blue dye from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis approach was successful used extract was successful in preparing bimetallic zero-valent Iron/Copper nanoparticles [FB-nZVFe/Cu]. Scanning Electron Microscope [SEM], Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy [FTIR], and Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy [EDX] showing the synthesizing of FB-nZVFe/Cu. The removal efficiency of Caffeine [5 mg L−1] reached 86% under the conditions [0.2 g L−1, 45 min, and pH 5]. The adsorption data are more appropriate by the Langmuir model [R2 = 0.9987] with qmax = 34.34 mg g −1. Kinetic results showed that Caffeine uptake is following pseudo-second-order. Langmuir and pseudo-second-order are more appropriate in linear and non-linear models. Overall, FB-Fe/Cu is a committed green substance for removal Caffeine from aqueous solutions. Functional parameters affect investigated using the Linear regression analysis, we found them to account for over 98% of the variables affecting the removal procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this research work was to develop controlled drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were selected as a nanocarrier for the selected antibiotic drugs tetracycline, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. CSNPs were prepared from chitosan solution by using tripolyphosphate (TPP) via ionic gelation method. Then the prepared high performance CSNPs were loaded with three different antibiotics to form nanocomposite from antibiotic loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Then the prepared nanocomposite used as superior antibacterial materials with minimum toxicity. Samples of cotton (100%) and (50:50) cotton/polyester blended fabrics were treated with different concentrations of this composite to impart antibacterial activity. Results showed that the treated fabrics with chitosan nanoparticles and its nanocomposite with different antibiotics were inhibited the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis exposed the embedding of chitosan nanoparticles into fabrics and their antibiotics loaded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novelty of this present work is to investigate the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of the green synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using leaf extract of Mentha arvensis, titanium tetraisopropoxide act as the precursor and leaf extract act as the reducing agent. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, UV–Visible absorbance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. The X-ray diffraction study of the synthesized nanoparticles shows the crystalline structure and the incidence of peaks at 25.27° corresponds to 110 anatase form. Scanning electron microscope study revealed that the synthesized nanoparticle was spherical in shape and the average size of the synthesized nanoparticles was found to be the range of 20–70 nm. Green synthesized TiO2nanoparticle exhibited interesting antibacterial and antifungal activity against selected microorganism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionotropic gelation followed by polyelectrolyte complexion was used for the synthesis of nanoparticles based on sodium alginate (NaAL) and chitosan (CS) for encapsulation of ibuprofen (IBP), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, field-emission scanning electron microscopes, percentage of encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity have been used to confirm the synthesis and encapsulation of IBP. The results obtained show that they have a size of around 100 nm. In vitro drug release and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity in different media indicate that the nanoparticles are pH-sensitive and permit the protection of the drug against total dissolution in the gastric medium, control its release, and it increases the solubility and biological activity of IBP. The analytical data of the in vitro drug release in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated interstitial fluid (SIF) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were fitted to the different kinetic models (zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer–Pepass and Kopcha), and the results indicate that IBP is released by diffusion-controlled in SIF and PBS, and by erosion-controlled in the SGF. The toxicity of nanoparticles was tested against Artemia salina that displayed non-toxicity effects. In vitro biodegradation by lysozyme and all the results obtained indicated that a NaAL/CS nanoparticles are a promising system for IBP release that can achieve pseudo-zero-order kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well-organized, simplistic, and green route of chitin-glucan based zinc oxide nanoparticles (ChGC@ZnONPs) was synthesized using reducing and capping agent both in one as chitin-glucan complex (ChGC). Herein we report the bio-synthesis of Cur-ChGC@ZnONPs by the conjugation of curcumin (Cur) with ChGC@ZnONPs for the improvement of antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by the UV–Visible (UV–Vis), particle size analyser, scanning electron microscope (SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Structure analysis, shape and crystalline size of nanomaterials were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The particle size analyser showed the particle size of nanomaterials and stability. Crystalline nature of both ChGC@ZnONPs and Cur-ChGC@ZnONPs were confirmed by the XRD spectra and FT-IR spectrum was used to examine the functional groups of nanomaterials. The antioxidant potential of conjugated nanomaterials were estimated using a DPPH free radical scavenging assay and ABTS+⁎ assay. This analysis showed that after loading of Cur, antioxidant activity increases. The antibacterial assessment of conjugated nanomaterials were tested by different microorganisms and showed excellent antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure SnO2 and doped SnO2 nanoparticles with 2 wt.% ruthenium, 2 wt.% vanadium, and 2 wt.% antimony were synthesized via sol–gel and coprecipitation methods. The obtained doped and undoped dried powders after calcination treatment at different temperatures (973–1223 K) were studied. The structural and morphological characterization of the prepared samples was performed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA-TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) and particle size distribution analysis. The effect of structural and morphological properties of the highly additive doped elements nanocrystalline SnO2 powders was discussed. The resulting particles were crystalline oxide particles in the nanometric range (8–31 nm). It was found that the amount of additive played important roles in the particle size effect of nanocrystalline SnO2. Particle size distribution of antimony-doped SnO2 are finer and narrower, and that of vanadium-doped, ruthenium-doped, and undoped SnO2 nanocrystallines are comparatively larger and broader in size distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chitosan/gelatin hydrogel incorporated with biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles (BCP-NPs) as scaffold (CGB) for bone tissue engineering was reported in this article. Such nanocomposite hydrogels were fabricated by using cycled freeze-thawing method, of which physicochemical and biological properties were regulated by adjusting the weight ratio of chitosan/gelatin/BCP-NPs. The needle-like BCP-NPs were dispersed into composites uniformly, and physically cross-linked with chitosan and gelatin, which were identified via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The porosity, equilibrium swelling ratio, and compressive strength of CGB scaffolds were mainly influenced by the BCP-NPs concentration. In vitro degradation analysis in simulated body fluids (SBF) displayed that CGB scaffolds were degraded up to at least 30 wt% in one month. Also, CCK-8 analysis confirmed that the prepared scaffolds had a good cytocompatibility through in culturing with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Finally, In vivo animal experiments revealed that new bone tissue was observed inside the scaffolds, and gradually increased with increasing months, when implanted CGB scaffolds into large necrotic lesions of rabbit femoral head. The above results suggested that prepared CGB nanocomposites had the potential to be applied in bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GO/SnO2 micronanostructure was synthesized by a simple and effective hydrothermal method. The combined characterization methods such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Element mapping, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the Raman spectroscopy, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), photoluminescence (PL) the Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS) indicated the successful formation of GO/SnO2 micronanostructure. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity tested with RhB aqueous solution revealed that GO/SnO2 had excellent photocatalytic properties compared with SnO2. The photocatalytic efficiency of GO/SnO2 was much higher (about 2.5 times) than that of pure SnO2 under visible light irradiation. Based on these test results, we believe that the present work will provide some thoughts for further fabrication of other novel nanostructures and exploration of their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe3O4 nanoparticles coating with poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (Fe3O4/PDDA) as novel magnetic adsorbents were synthesized with chemical co-precipitation method to study the removal capacity of organic phosphonates from aqueous solution. The as-prepared magnetic absorbents were characterized for the morphology, material structure and surface properties by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, TGA and BET. HEDP was employed as a common organic phosphonate to investigate the adsorption performance. Substantial quaternary ammonium groups existing on the surface of Fe3O4/PDDA could enhance the absorption of HEDP with electrostatic attraction. In the optimum condition (4 mg adsorbent dosage, 11.0 pH, 36 mg/L HEDP solution and 120 min adsorption time), the maximum adsorption capacity ( q m ) for HEDP could reach 254.86 mg/g. The kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm fitted closely to the Freundlich model. The as-prepared magnetic adsorbents exhibited notable reusability in some cycles and were easily separated from the solution with the external magnetic field. These as-prepared Fe3O4/PDDA nanoparticles have the potential as an environmental-friendly adsorbent for organic phosphonates removal from waste-water. Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified with PDDA have been successfully fabricated by the chemical co-precipitation method. The PDDA on the surface of particles provided substantial quaternary ammonium groups which enhanced the absorption of HEDP from aqueous solutions with electrostatic attraction. These magnetic nanoparticles exhibited good reusability in several cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palladium, the building block of white gold, has been found to exhibit extraordinary properties in nanotechnological products produced in recent years. The most prominent feature of palladium is adsorbing and storing high levels of hydrogen. Therefore, the demand for palladium in the world increased excessively in the 2000s. In the present study, palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were biosynthesized by the extract of Diospyros kaki leaves as bio-stimulator. D. kaki, also called persimmon, was collected in a local area in Istanbul Turkey. PdNP formation was screened by analyzing UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 250-550nm. The nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope which revealed that the biosynthesized PdNPs were in sizes ranging from 50 to 120 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy applied on both D. kaki leaf extract and PdNPs was used to decide on the reactive groups managing the reduction of the biosynthesized nanoparticles. Also, the PdNPs showed reasonably proficient antibacterial efficacy for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the zones of inhibition were found as 18 and 10.5 mm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A simple hydrothermal method was used for the synthesis of BiOCl nanoparticles. • 98% of methylene dye degradation exhibits the good photocatalytic activity of BiOCl nanoparticles. • BiOCl nanoparticles have shown good antimicrobial activity against tested bacterial and fungal strains. Nanotechnology provides a good opportunity to investigate and develop multifunctional nanoscale materials. Due to increased surface area and smaller size, nanomaterials are used as promising tools for many biological applications. Herein, a green approach is used to prepare bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanoparticles using a hydrothermal method and tender jackfruit extract is used as a natural reducing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to different spectroscopic techniques to characterize them. The crystallinity and phase composition were investigated by X-ray diffraction studies and confirmed the tetragonal structure of BiOCl. The surface morphology and elemental composition were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectra (EDS) analysis, and functional groups were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The as-synthesized BiOCl nanoparticles showed superior catalytic activity toward the detection of methylene blue dye with high degree of recyclability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano structured CeO2 has attracted much attention due to its redox properties, transport properties and high surface to volume ratio with respect to bulk materials. Trivalent ion doped ceria systems have better properties than the pure ceria systems. The present paper discusses the structural properties of nanostructured gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) co doped with Bi synthesized by citrate gel method. Phase pure samples are obtained, which is shown in the X-ray diffraction patterns. Presence of Ce, Gd and Bi in the samples is identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopic images show that nanorod shaped grains are obtained for the system. Nanorod shaped structures can yield better ionic conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the modifications in the structural and luminescence properties of erbium (Er + 3 ) doped Zinc-Lead-Phosphate (ZLP) glasses containing SnO 2 nanoparticles (SNPs). Glasses are prepared via melt quenching technique and characterized using high resolution scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), differential thermal analyzer (DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–Visible absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The DTA results showed an enhancement in the thermal stability with the incorporation of SNPs. The FESEM micrograph revealed the occurrence of uniformly distributed SNPs with average diameter around 21 nm. FTIR spectra exhibited various bonding vibrations, where the IR transmission band intensities are increased accompanied by a shift with the increase of SNPs contents. The UV–Vis spectra displayed six significant absorption peaks centered around 1536, 979, 799, 650, 523, and 485 nm. Room temperature PL spectra showed three emission peaks centered at 502, 545 and 606 nm. The emission intensities are enhanced with increasing SNPs contents. Present glass composition may be useful for the development of solid state lasers and other photonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study deals with synthesis of titanium doped zinc oxide (Ti:ZnO) nanoparticles (NP) using solid state reaction and subjected to vacuum annealing. The Ti doped ZnO nanoparticles were prepared at different titanium concentrations (Ti = 0%,1%, 3%, 5% & 7%) and studied the role of Ti on physical properties of the Ti:ZnO nanoparticles. The prepared titanium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were subjected to various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffractometer (XRD), UV–Vis-spectrophotometer (UV–Vis–NIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Keithley source meter to study the structural, optical, surface, spectroscopic, elemental and electrical properties, respectively. From the XRD studies, it was found that the Ti:ZnO NP were in hexagonal structure with average crystallite size of 39 nm. The SEM images confirms the formation of the clusters in spherical shape. The EDAX spectrum confirms the presence of the host (Zn & O) and dopant (Ti) elements in the synthesized nanoparticles. The functional groups were confirmed from FT-IR spectrum. The valence states of the elements such as Ti, Zn and O were studied and found as Ti+3, Zn+2 and O−2. The electrical properties of the bulk Ti:ZnO NP were studied using Keithley source meter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schiff-bases of chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as antimicrobial agents against two Gram +ve bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram −ve bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in addition to Candida albicans as a fungus. The in situ reactions of CS and/or CMCS with some pyrazole aldehyde derivatives in acidic media containing silver nitrate to yield silver nanoparticles loaded onto CS and CMCS/Schiff-bases were carried out. Characterizations of the prepared compounds via FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, and TGA were carried out. Schiff-bases/silver nanoparticles of CS and CMCS showed higher antimicrobial activity than the blank CS and CMCS. The presence of AgNO3 (3% wt%) displayed high antibacterial efficiencies with inhibition zones in the extent of 19–39 mm. TEM analysis showed that the size of the silver nanoparticles is in the range of 4–28 nm for the prepared nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel phase change material-charged thermal storage heat pipe module is proposed. • The melting process of the PCM in the fully closed module under negative pressure is visualized. • The morphology, chemical and thermophysical properties of nano-enhanced PCMs are systematically characterized. • The thermodynamic characteristics of thermal storage heat pipe are analyzed. The challenge on the thermal management of highly integrated electronic devices and avionics equipment has grown continuously. To meet fully passive and highly reliable requirements, a novel thermal storage heat pipe (TSHP) charged with phase change material (PCM) is designed. Paraffin RT70HC and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) are used as energy storage material and heat transfer enhancer, respectively. The microstructure, chemical and thermophysical properties of RT70HC/GNP composite are systematically characterized through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and thermal conductivity analyzer. A visualization experimental investigation is conducted to study the effects of nano-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM) on the thermal performance of TSHP at different heat fluxes. Results show that the thermal conductivity of PCM is improved maximally 21.6% by adding GNP, whereas the latent heat of fusion decreased 10.5%. It is also observed that the TSHP with NEPCM has better thermal management performances, which effectively lowers the temperature rising speed of the chipset, and extends the sustainable time to reach the chip permitted highest temperature of 85 °C. Finally, the saturation pressure of NEPCM during the melting process is measured and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeaxanthin is a yellow carotenoid antioxidant concentrated in the macula. This pigment in many foods and beverages is very problematic due to its extreme hydrophobicity and poor chemical stability. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared using a combination of high shear homogenization and ultrasonic methods to load zeaxanthin and reduce its hydrophobicity. In this study, NLCs containing zeaxanthin were produced and optimal formulation was determined and their physicochemical properties were investigated. 20% percent of solid lipid was replaced with Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) as a liquid lipid to produce NLCs. Results showed that the particle size (PS) of NLCs did not exceed 130 nm, but SLNs did show larger sizes. In addition, particle dispersion index (PDI) showed 0.23 ± 0.01 to 0.34 ± 0.01 and 0.23 ± 0.01 to 0.30 ± 0.01 for SLN and NLC, respectively. Zeta potential (ZP) represented −20.03 ± 0.48 to −12.11 ± 0.80 and −22.23 ± 0.41 to −16.88 ± 0.61 for SLN and NLC, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency and loading were higher for NLCs than SLNs. The morphological study of nanocarriers performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed smooth spherical nanoparticles. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed that zeaxanthin was trapped in the nanocarriers without any chemical interaction with the coating material. Glycerol mono-stearate containing zeaxanthin showed phase separation after 60 days at 4 and 25 °C, while this was not observed in nanocarriers produced by glycerol distearate. Together, these nano-based carriers can be applied in many products, especially as nanocarriers for hydrophobic bioactive compounds in nutraceutical beverages. [Display omitted] • Particle size of NLCs did not exceed 130 nm, but SLNs showed larger sizes. • Encapsulation efficiency and loading were higher for NLCs than SLNs. • SEM analysis showed smooth spherical shape in engineered nanoparticles. • FTIR analysis displayed no interaction between encapsulated zeaxanthin and coating materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Some novel hydazone complexes were synthesized and characterized. • Antimicrobial activities of the titled compounds were screened. • Interaction of the prepared complexes with CT-DNA was investigated. • Antioxidant and Anticancer activities of the prepared compounds were checked. • Molecular Docking studies were employed to confirm the biological activity. A new series of un-doped and doped magnetite MIL-53 (Fe) series (MIL-53(Fe)/Fe 3 O 4 , MIL-53(Fe)/La-Fe 3 O 4 and MIL-53(Fe)/Gd-Fe 3 O 4) were prepared in one-step via solvothermal method. The investigated nanostructured MOFs were characterized by: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and the Nitrogen Adsorption. The results confirm that magnetic MIL-53 MOFs with uniformly distributed of doping ions (La and Gd) with high porosity was successfully prepared. Moreover, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against three pathogenic bacterial strains and three pathogenic fungal strains. The investigated nanomaterials show potent antimicrobial activity against Serratia Marcescence bacteria and Getrichm Candidum fungi. Furthermore, in vitro toxicity of magnetite MIL-53 (Fe) series NPs was investigated on three different cell lines: MCF‐7 cell line (breast carcinoma), Hep-G2 cell line (hepatocellular carcinoma), and HCT-116 cell line (colon carcinoma). These nano MOFs had a high cytotoxic profile against breast cancer cells with IC 50 values up to 11.75 µg·mL 1, ensuring adequate cell proliferation after 24 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Pd/BiOCl catalysts have been prepared via a facile ethylene glycol (EG)-assisted solvothermal process in the presence of reactable ionic liquid 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C16mim]Cl). The as prepared products were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transient photocurrent response analysis, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra and photoluminescence spectroscopy. During the reaction process, [C16mim]Cl acted not only as Cl source but also as solvent, template and dispersing agent for the fabrication of Pd/BiOCl flower-like microspheres structures. The existence of ionic liquid was beneficial to generate small scale and steady Pd nanoparticles. Moreover, the photocatalytic activities of the Pd/BiOCl composite samples were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B. The effects of structure and morphology made by the introduction of Pd have been studied. A possible mechanism of Pd on the enhancement of visible light performance was also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the effect of four different precipitating agents on the structural and magnetic properties of synthesized ferromagnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) by the co-precipitation method has been explored. In particular, different precipitating agents used in work include (I) NH 3 , (II) NH 3 with alcohol, (III) NaOH, and (IV) aqueous NH 3 solution. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (FESEM/EDS), zeta-potential, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). From the XRD pattern and Debye-equation, it appears that the obtained nanoparticles were magnetite with an average crystallite size of 8–27.6 nm. The FTIR spectrum of NH 3 in an alcohol solution indicates a perfect stretching of the Fe–O, O–H, C–H functional groups compared to other cases. Moreover, superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature was also noticed from VSM analysis. NH 3 in an alcohol solution as a precipitating agent showed higher magnetic properties of FMNPs than the other cases. Conversely, the response time was found to be the longest for the same set. The procedure with NaOH in an aqueous solution was the cheapest with a shorter reaction time. Nevertheless, the particle surface and magnetic characteristics were lesser than the other cases of precipitating agents. [Display omitted] • Effect of precipitating agents on ferromagnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) was studied. • The Scherrer's average crystallite size was found to be between 8 and 27.6 nm. • FMNPs prepared using NH 3 in an alcohol solution showed better magnetic properties. • The co-precipitation with NaOH is simple, takes the least synthesis time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present investigation, alginate nanoparticles have been prepared and characterised by various techniques such as FTIR, SEM, particle size analysis and surface charge measurements. It was found from both the SEM and particle size analysis that average size of the particle was about 40 nm. The particles were loaded with insulin and the release kinetics of insulin was studied in PBS medium. The results indicated that when percent loading increases from 11.7 to 38.9, the released amount of insulin increased from 18% to 60% of the loaded drug. The effect of composition of nanoparticles, pH and temperature of the release medium was examined on the amount of released insulin. It was observed when that amount of alginate in the feed mixture was varied from 1.0 to 2.0 g, the prepared nanoparticles showed a decreasing tendency to release insulin. Similarly, upon increasing the concentration of crosslinker in the range 0.5–1.1 mM, the release of insulin constantly decreased. The chemical stability of the loaded drug was assessed especially under highly acidic conditions of artificial gastric juice and it was noticed that even in harsh acidic environment (pH 1.2) the insulin remains chemically stable. Theinvitroblood compatibility of nanoparticles was also investigated and it was found that for a definite composition of nanoparticles, protein adsorption and percent haemolysis were minimum which suggested for an optimum blood compatibility of alginate nanoparticles of definite composition. Thus, it can be conclusively stated that the calcium alginate nanoparticles prepared by emulsion crosslinking method show potential to be developed as oral formulation for insulin delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the green synthesis of nanoparticles has been the most explored area of research due to the need for eco-friendly, simple and non-toxic ways for synthesizing the nanoparticles with less waste production. In this paper, the synthesis of Ag–ZnO nanocomposite via hydrothermal method using neem leaf extracts in different solvents i.e., water and ethanol is studied. The characterization of thus prepared Ag–ZnO nanocomposites was done using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Photoluminescence (PL) to examine the structural, morphological and optical properties of the prepared nanocomposites. The I–V characteristics of the samples are also studied to determine their electrical properties. The decrease in bandgap and linear plot of I–V characterization of Ag–ZnO nanocomposite make it a suitable candidate for applications in various fields like solar cells, gas sensing, biosensors, photoanodes, photocatalysis and anti-bacterial applications etc. • The Ag–ZnO nanocomposites are synthesized using leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem) Plant in different solvents. • The present green method of synthesis is efficacious, scalable, simple and safe for environment as well as human beings. • Remarkable decrease in energy bandgap is captivated for Ag–ZnO (water) shows, coupling with Ag results in lowering the energy bandgap. • Linear I–V curve depicts enhancement in the photoactivity through Ag addition due to SPR excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aluminum nitride (AlN) films have been grown in pure N2 plasma using cathodic arc ion deposition process. The films were prepared at different substrate bias voltages and temperatures. The aim was to investigate their influence on the Al macro-particles, structural and optical properties of deposited films. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) were employed to characterize AlN thin films. XRD patterns indicated the formation of polycrystalline (hexagonal) films with preferential orientation of (002), which is suppressed at higher substrate bias voltage. FTIR and Raman spectroscopic analysis were used to assess the nature of chemical bonding and vibrational phonon modes of AlN thin films respectively. FTIR spectra depicted a dominant peak around 850cm−1 corresponding to the longitudinal optical (LO) mode of vibration. A shift in this LO mode peak towards higher wavenumbers was observed with the increase of substrate bias voltage and temperature, showing the upsurge of nitrogen concentration in the deposited film. Raman spectra illustrated a peak at 650cm−1 corresponding to E2 (high) phonon mode depicting the c-axis oriented (perpendicular to substrate) AlN film. SEM analysis showed the AlN film deposited at higher substrate bias voltage contains fewer amounts of Al macro-particles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper describes the sorption of phenol from aqueous solution by using novel magnetic polysulfone (PSF) microcapsules containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and mixture of trialkyl-phosphine oxides (Cyanex 923) (Cyanex 923/Fe3O4@PSF microcapsules). The preparation of the Cyanex 923/Fe3O4@PSF microcapsules was based on the phase-inversion technique. The prepared microcapsules were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the microcapsules provided easier separation via application of external magnetic field. The experiments indicated that phenol could be removed from aqueous solution at a pH range between 3 and 9. The Cyanex 923/Fe3O4@PSF microcapsules prepared with dispersed phase containing 3.35% of Cyanex 923 (by wt.) provided the highest removal. The sorption reached an equilibrium in 120min and it obeyed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The non-linear Chi-square (χ 2) statistical test showed that Langmuir isotherm model better represented the sorption data in comparison to Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson models. The Langmuir sorption capacity (Qo ) and sorption constant (b) were 0.664mmol/g and 0.855L/mmol, respectively. The regenerated microcapsules could be used five times with no change in their sorption capacity and magnetic separability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Composites with enhanced hydrophilicity were prepared by adding TiO or SiO nanoparticles during the in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The hydrophilicities of the PVDF/PMMA/TiO(SiO) composites generated in this manner were characterized by contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hydrophilicity was dependent on nanoparticle content; it gradually increased with increasing TiO (or SiO) content when the TiO (or SiO) content was no more than 4 wt% of PVDF. A homogeneous dispersion of the TiO (or SiO) nanoparticles in the composite matrix was observed in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analyses, the crystalline phase composition of PVDF was not influenced by the addition of TiO (or SiO); PVDF crystallized predominantly in the α phase after in situ polymerization. Nevertheless, the nanoparticles can promote the formation of the β phase of PVDF in composites; the β-phase content increased with increasing TiO content, while it was almost independent of SiO content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel nano-adsorbent, β-cyclodextrin–chitosan (CDC) modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (CDCM) is fabricated for removal of methyl blue (MB) from aqueous solution by grafting CDC onto the magnetite surface. The characteristics results of FTIR, SEM and XRD show that CDC is grafted onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The grafted CDC on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles contributes to an enhancement of the adsorption capacity because of the strong abilities of CDCM, which includes the multiple hydroxyl, carboxyl groups, amino groups and the formation of an inclusion complex due to the β-CD molecules through host–guest interactions, to adsorb MB. The adsorption of MB onto CDCM is found to be dependent on pH and temperature. Adsorption equilibrium is achieved in 50min and the adsorption kinetics of MB is found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data for MB adsorption are fitted well by Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity for MB is estimated to be 2.78g/g at 30°C. The CDCM was stable and easily recovered. Moreover the adsorption capacity was about 90% of the initial saturation adsorption capacity after being used four times. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The magnetic Fe3O4/C core–shell nanoparticles have been synthesized by a simple strategy and used as adsorbents for removal of organic dyes from aqueous solution. The resulting products are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). Adsorption performances of the nanomaterial adsorbents are tested with removal of methylene blue (MB) and cresol red (CR) from aqueous solution. The effects of solution pH value, adsorption time and capacity of the nanocomposites have been fully investigated. The results reveal that the nanospheres can be easily manipulated by an external magnetic field with high separation efficiency. In addition, the process is clean and safe for purifying water pollution. The prepared Fe3O4/C complex nanomaterials could thus be used as promising adsorbents for the remove organic dyes, especially, cationic dye, from polluted water. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: By means of a facilely designed strategy, we successfully fabricated the multilayer and conductive organo-silica/polystyrene/polyaniline (organo-silica/PS/PANi) composite particles. First, organo-silica/PS core/shell composite particles were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization and the vinyl groups located on the surface of organo-silica nanoparticles were used to induce in situ polymerization of styrene. The influence of the route of the addition of styrene on the morphology of organo-silica/PS composite particles was investigated. Then, the coating of organo-silica/PS composite particles with PANi was achieved by virtue of the “Swelling–Diffusion–Interfacial-Polymerization Method” (SDIPM). The whole preparation process was monitored by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and thermogravimetry. As a result, the multilayer and conductive organo-silica/PS/PANi nanocomposites possessed of a uniform size and well-defined morphology, and furthermore, their structure could be well controlled by simply changing the weight ratio of aniline/PS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new synthesis method of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was developed, in which the ferrous and ferric salts as well as polyaniline acted as the precursor and dispersant, respectively. From the investigation of X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectra, the α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles can be directly prepared by the co-precipitation method without high-temperature calcining. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation revealed that the α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles had average diameters ranging from 30.0 to 75.0nm. Compared with previous methods, this present method shows an easy processing and can be applied on the large-scale produce of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in one step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper describes the preparation and characterization of polyvinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene (PVdF–HFP) based nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE). For the first of its kind lithium fluoroalkylphosphate (LiPF3(CF3CF2)3) was incorporated as electrolyte salt in the polymer skeleton. Ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate mixture (1:1, wt/wt) was used as a plasticizing agent and SiO2 nanoparticle as filler. The NCPE membranes were characterized by a.c. impedance, Scanning electron microscope, Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared and fluorescence studies. An electrolyte with 2.5wt% SiO2 exhibited a conductivity of 1.16mScm−1 at ambient temperature. It was found that filler contents above 2.5wt% rendered the membranes less conducting. Activation energy and percentage of crystallinity has also been calculated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles were modified with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to improve the dispersion stability of the nanoparticles in a dielectric medium and to reduce the density mismatch between TiO 2 and a dielectric medium for a microcapsule-type electrophoretic display application. Nanoparticles were coated with PMMA by in situ dispersion polymerization. The PMMA-coated TiO 2 nanoparticles were characterized by fourier transform-infrared spectrometrey (FT-IR), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Density of PMMA-coated TiO 2 nanoparticles was found to be dependent on the thickness of the PMMA coating on the nanoparticles. An increase of thermal stability of the PMMA layer and the contents of PMMA on the surface of the nanoparticles were measured via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study prepared core-shell type nanoparticles of a poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) grafted-dextran. The synthesis of the PLGA-dextran conjugate was confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The PLGA grafted-dextran was able to form nanoparticles in water by self-assembly and their particle size was 245.3?±?95.1?nm. From fluorescence probe study using pyrene as a hydrophobic probe, critical association concentration (CAC) values were determined from the fluorescence excitation spectra and were found to be 0.006?g?l -1 . Morphological observations using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the polymeric nanoparticles of the PLGA-dextran conjugate have uniformly spherical shapes. Their size and morphology provide them with acceptable properties for use as a drug-targeting carriers. Drug release from core-shell type nanoparticles was faster in the presence of dextranase, indicating that core-shell type nanoparticles of PLGA grafted-dextran can be used as an oral drug carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, polyacrylonitrile nanoparticles (PAN NPs)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) precursor nanofibers were prepared by the centrifugal spinning of the dope composed of PAN emulsion and PVA solution. Subsequently, the precursor nanofibers were modified by crosslinking and oximation to obtain PAO NPs/PVA nanofibers. The results of the scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction indicates that a large number of PAO NPs are exposed on the surface of the PVA nanofibers when the content of PAN NPs exceeds 30 wt%. The PAO NPs/PVA nanofibers possess excellent adsorption kinetics and can adsorb 176.5 mg/g of uranium from uranium ion solution (12 mg/L) within 30 min, which is faster than most other chelating nanofibers. It also has a good selectivity to uranyl ions and good regeneration performance. Its dynamic adsorption process is consistent with the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Unlabelled Image • PAN NPs/PVA precursor nanofibers were prepared by the centrifugal spinning of the dope composed of PAN emulsion and PVA solution. • PAO NPs/PVA nanofibers were prepared for the adsorption of U(VI). • PAO NPs are exposed on the surface of the PVA nanofibers. • PAO NPs/PVA nanofibers exhibits excellent adsorption kinetics and adsorption capacity towards U(VI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly stable semiconducting Nickel Oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) has been synthesized by a facile, biomimetic and cost effective one pot synthesis route, through nickel nitrate (NiNO 3) as precursor and medicinal plant Prunus persica as reducing agent. The bio synthesized NiO NPs were characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectrometer (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The average size of the NiO NPs was 28 ± 1 nm as confirmed by SEM, were spherical in shape and highly stable. The synthesized material was used for electrochemical studies based on nickel oxide/nafion modified glassy carbon electrode (NiONPs/Nafion/GCE). The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (I-V) and linear sweep voltammetry. The sensitivity of the sensor towards glucose oxidation was examined and it was found that NiONPs/Nafion/GCE exhibited electrocatalytic activity to glucose oxidation. The apparent change in current was observed by varying the analyte concentration from 1 mM to 6 mM. Thus it has been anticipated that the highly selective and sensitive NiONPs/Nafion/GCE based electrode has potential to be applied for accurate measurement as photovoltaic devices for various practical purposes such as clinical diagnosis and sensing application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Periconium sp. extract mediated sol-gel process was effectively utilized for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. The aqueous fungal extract acted as chelating agent for the Zn2+ ions and lead to the formation of gel. The dried gel was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) respectively to identify their phase, structural coordination, morphological feature and thermal degradation profile. The XRD analysis reveals that the biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles are exist in hexagonal wurtzite structure with the average crystallite size of 40 nm. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles did show the quasi spherical shape with 16–78 nm in size. The Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis showed their zeta potential and hydrodynamic particle size respectively as −88.6 mV and 338 nm. The UV–Visible spectroscopic analysis depicts their band gap energy as 3.15 eV. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive), Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Candida albicans (fungi) with an average inhibition zone of 16, 14 and 24 mm, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 50, 50, 40 μg/ml, the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) of 50 μg/ml and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of 22, 38 and 21 μg/ml respectively. Further, the ZnO nanoparticles also exhibited good antioxidant property with the 85.52% free radical quenching for 100 μg/ml concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]