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La filosofía de Nietzsche anticipó notablemente el umbral de la modernidad biológica al conceptualizar el alcance fisiológico de la moral, la política y la religión, así como su instrumentalización con fines de control social. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el estímulo que ha representado la filosofía de Nietzsche para algunos de los principales pensadores de la cuestión biopolítica, en concreto, Michel Foucault, Roberto Esposito y Peter Sloterdijk, y desvelar en qué medida sus núcleos conceptuales convergen y divergen. La aportación concreta reside en señalar algunos de los vínculos que articulan el tema de la disciplina y la cría (Zucht und Züchtung) con la configuración de la biopolítica como una de las principales corrientes filosóficas actuales, analizar las interpretaciones que dichos pensadores han formulado sobre la cuestión de la Züchtung y resaltar así la capacidad heurística de la filosofía nietzscheana para el diagnóstico de nuestro presente. La filosofia de Nietzsche va anticipar notablement el llindar de la modernitat biològica en conceptualitzar l'abast fisiològic de la moral, la política i la religió, així com la seva instrumentalització amb finalitats de control social. L'objectiu d'aquest article és analitzar l'estímul que ha representat la filosofia de Nietzsche per a alguns dels principals pensadors de la qüestió biopolítica, en concret, Michel Foucault, Roberto Esposito i Peter Sloterdijk, i revelar en quina mesura els seus nuclis conceptuals convergeixen i divergeixen. L'aportació concreta rau a assenyalar alguns dels vincles que articulen el tema de la disciplina i la cria (Zucht und Züchtung) amb la configuració de la biopolítica com un dels principals corrents filosòfics actuals, analitzar les interpretacions que aquests pensadors han formulat sobre la qüestió de la Züchtung i ressaltar així la capacitat heurística de la filosofia nietzscheana per al diagnòstic del nostre present. Nietzsche notably anticipated the threshold of biological modernity, when he conceptualized the physiological scope of morals, politics and religion, as well as their instrumentalization with the aim of social control. The aim of this paper is to analyze the stimulus that Nietzsche's philosophy has represented for some of the main philosophers of biopolitics, namely Michel Foucault, Roberto Esposito and Peter Sloterdijk, and to reveal to what extent their core concepts converge and diverge. The specific contribution is to point out some of the links between the theme of discipline and breeding (Zucht und Züchtung) and the configuration of biopolitics as one of the main philosophical currents, to analyze whether and how those philosophers have interpreted the question of Züchtung in Nietzsche's philosophy, and to stress the heuristic capacity of Nietzschean philosophy for the diagnosis of current social issues.

The Vietnam War coincided with an intense period of technological change in the US that marked a significant turning point in the relationship between the citizen and the state. While computer technology found new and deadly uses on the field of battle, it also found its way into people’s homes, giving the state the means through which to monitor and control subjects like never before. While Michel Foucault describes Vietnam as ‘the gates of our world’, this thesis argues that Vietnam stands rather as the gates of our biopolitical world – a period in which Foucault’s original concept of biopolitics is reborn in the computer age. To this end, this thesis examines some of the early impacts and implications of the computerized biopolitical state, and the robotized human subject. It offers an exploration of the ways in which biopolitical ideas can be used alongside science fiction texts to interrogate the cultural tendencies of the USA during the Vietnam War period, stretching from the start of the war in 1955 through to the war’s end in 1975 and the shadow cast in the years that follow. In doing so, it charts how human subjects are complicit in the means of their own oppression, and the ethical implications of the blurred distinction between the human and the machine. Thus, it calls for a new cybernetic form of biopolitical insight – a techno-biopolitics – that integrates the robotic with current understandings of the human, the non-human and the animal, and how they are used as a means of discursive control.

The article focuses on the so-called ‘Italian theory’, with special reference to its assessment in Roberto Esposito’s 2010 book Living Thought. The article puts forth three main arguments. First, there is an analogy between the ‘geo-philosophical’ strategy chosen by Esposito to address Italian thought and the strategy pursued by Stanley Cavell when he reflects on Emerson and the specificity of American philosophy. Second, the main traits attributed by Esposito to Italian thought show significant parallels with key concepts in Michel Foucault’s philosophy. Third, interpretations of Spinoza by authors such as Gilles Deleuze and Toni Negri have been instrumental for the flourishing of the philosophical debate that prepared Esposito’s elaboration of a canon of Italian thinkers. The article thus hints that Italian theory could be an interesting case study for the reflection on the relations between geography and philosophy., Phenomenology and Mind, No 15 (2018): Methods of Philosophy

pp. 137-150. The article presents an analysis of the aquatic metaphors in Roberto Bola��o���s novel 2666, relating them to cultural myths about water. First, some theoretical considerations about the myth of water are presented (L���eau et les r��ves by Gaston Bachelard, ���L���eau et la folie��� by Michel Foucault and Communitas by Roberto Esposito), then some Mexican literary discourses that deal with water (poems by Amado Nervo and Jos�� Gorostiza, the novel Los muros de agua by Jos�� Revueltas) to end in an analysis of Bola��o���s novel. Examples of dreams with water are interpreted (Morini���s dream of the swimming pool, Hans Reiter���s escape through the river), of mysterious events (Pelletier who discovers a lump on the beach, Hans Reiter as the ��seaweed boy��), of dire omens (the murder of Marius Newell) or of paradoxical analogies (Lalo Cura who compares the sea with the desert).

It is March 8th 1978, and Michel Foucault is entering the second half of his lesson on governmentality at the Collège de France. The room is packed as usual. And towards the end of the session, Foucault – half-joking – claims: Italians were the first to formalize the difference between law and police, because they are always one step ahead of anyone. In this essay, Lorenzo Fabbri takes at face value Foucault’s remark and shows how it is the discovery of life that in the 16th century propelled, and still propels today, Italian thought ahead of its times.

This study presents a critique of post-foundational political thought, suggesting that it lacks a positive account of the unpolitical, of a radical outside of politics. I argue that political thought that oscillates around the distinction between “politics” and “the political” is correlationist and totalizing, resulting in the forgetting of its “Great Outdoors.” This critique is advanced through a close analysis of texts by Carl Schmitt, Michel Foucault, Jacques Rancière, and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe and Jean-Luc Nancy. Against this background stand out Massimo Cacciari's and Roberto Esposito's categories of “the impolitical,” and Giorgio Agamben's notion of “bare life.” “The impolitical” is positively defined as a critique of the modern political and of its valorization. However, I suggest that Cacciari and Esposito do not succeed in taking the impolitical to its limit: it remains attached to the political as its shadow and its internal critique. Agamben's account of the impolitical in terms of “bare life” introduces into our discussion the real experience of living outside of politics. Even though Agamben views the impolitical only negatively, he suggests an avenue for further research in his notion of “form-of-life.” The latter, nevertheless, addresses the problem of “bare life” only by redeeming its politicalness and thus, ultimately, fails to engage the unpolitical. I turn to the radical phenomenology of life of Michel Henry in order to address the problems of correlation and the totalizing ambition of politics. From this perspective, the unpolitical is conceived as life: an a priori positive and real experience of self-affection that manifests itself in the radical reduction of the world. This conception reverses the way in which living beyond politics is addressed in contemporary scholarship. In particular, it recasts the modern figure of the refugee in terms of a historically situated epitome of life's becoming-unpolitical. The unpolitical allows for an affirmation of life as an immediate experience available to the living regardless of their relation to the world, and of pure movement as a projection of life's movement of self-revelation and transformation.

Celem tekstu jest rekonstrukcja wybranych wątków z twórczości Roberta Esposita, które w opinii autora budują rdzeń omawianej koncepcji filozoficznej. Rekonstrukcja ta oscyluje wokół pojęć komunizacji, immunizacji, nowoczesności oraz biopolityki, a jej zadaniem jest uchwycenie wewnętrznego związku między tymi terminami. Elementem wiążącym komunizację i immunizację jest negatywność, która zarazem umożliwia wspólnotowe życie, jak i stanowi zagrożenie dla jej członków. Z racji faktu, że dialektyka między komunizacją i immunizacją dotyczy, na najbardziej radykalnym poziomie, relacji między życiem i śmiercią, problematyka wspólnoty okazuje się być nieodłączna od zagadnienia biopolityk

Roberto Esposito, italiano de Nápoles e o francês Michel Foucault realizaram ambos uma importante leitura do contexto político contemporâneo, cujo entendimento pode ser enriquecido se as analisarmos comparativamente em relação a alguns aspectos. Os dois autores pensam o modelo político atual nos termos de uma biopolítica; enquanto poder direcionado à vida dos indivíduos, à vida humana como tal, e mostram como aspectos relacionados à saúde e à medicina foram incorporados às medidas políticas. A tese biopolítica de Foucault está calcada sobre a noção de governamentabilidade, isto é sobre um conjunto de técnicas de governo que se desenvolveram para fins de controle e manipulação da população em favor dos interesses do Estado. Seguindo uma linha um pouco diferente, Esposito irá caracterizar o momento biopolítico dentro do que chamou de “paradigma imunitário”. Para o italiano a política na forma do direito tem se utilizado da técnica da imunização para salvaguardar a sociedade.