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In naturally regenerated managed forests, silvicultural methods leverage timing and intensity of harvesting activities to align with species-specific reproduction mechanisms. With contemporary emphasis on complex stand structure and diverse composition, there is uncertainty in the continued use of timber-oriented management practices in meeting evolving objectives. In the northern hardwood region of North America, contemporary theory is that selection regeneration systems result in homogenization of structure and composition through increasing dominance of Acer saccharum Marsh. Given the coupling of soils and vegetation in northern hardwoods, trends in site conditions that may be more resilient and (or) facilitative to community diversity may be of value to silviculturists. Remote-sensing products and inventory records were integrated to assess tree communities across site variables in northern Michigan, USA. The results reveal that composition is stabilized by local landforms and that diversity increases with hydrologic catchment area. Time since treatment (1–54 years) appeared negatively correlated with catchment area, reflecting lowlands with high diversity not managed or harvested infrequently, due to equipment access and operational logistics. Broad interpretations of selection regeneration systems may be invalidated by the influence of site conditions not previously accounted for, and the results highlight a novel technique to capture the effect of topography on species assemblages.

Biomass procured from forests affected by natural disturbances as a bioenergy source is increasingly considered in the context of climate change mitigation. By comparing clearcuts with and without biomass procurement, we aimed to determine the effects of biomass extraction performed alongside lumber harvesting on regeneration density, number of planting microsites, forest renewal costs, and carbon fluxes, in harvested boreal stands affected by spruce budworm. The results showed that biomass procurement increased regeneration density and number of planting microsites. Reduction of downed woody debris due to biomass procurement lowered site preparation costs by 282.07 $CAN·ha−1, equivalent to 14.45 $CAN per oven-dry metric ton (odmt−1) of harvested biomass. Product value from biomass processing had to reach from 13.90 to 76.84 $CAN·odmt−1 to make biomass procurement operations profitable. Since biomass procurement significantly increased stocking and reduced the amount of decaying debris, it also reduced cumulative CO2 emissions relative to scenarios without biomass procurement. However, ensuring forest renewal through site preparation and plantation per se, irrespective of biomass procurement, played a more important role for carbon sequestration and net balance. Integrating biomass harvesting with silviculture could have significant ecological and financial impacts on forest management while supporting mitigation efforts against climate change.

How seedling mortality and browsing affects species composition of regenerating forests has been mostly studied on a small scale. Yet, large-scale analyses based on extensive data are essential for robust prediction of species composition in young forests. In this study, we used a dataset from a national inventory of young forests (1-4 metres in height) to investigate the species composition of young forests across Sweden. We found that most of the regenerated forest area (almost 90%) was planted with Norway spruce (southern Sweden) and Scots pine (northern Sweden). Regeneration of Norway spruce was generally relatively successful but as a consequence of seedling mortality and browsing, almost 40% of the area regenerated with Scots pine will probably not develop into pine-dominated stands. Thus, low survival of Scots pine seedlings and trees can profoundly change the trajectory of species composition of the young forest from what was originally intended, and a large proportion of the young stands may develop into mixtures of conifers and broadleaves. While such mixtures may benefit certain biodiversity and ecosystem services, a loss of Scots pine dominated stands may also have adverse impacts on the economic returns as well as pine-dependent biodiversity and recreational values.

Long jack (Eurycoma longifolia) is a medicinal plant that has become a common target for exploitation, leading to a population decline in natural forests. This study aimed to determine the stand structure and regeneration status of E. longifolia tree habitat in Batang Lubu Sutam Forest, Padang Lawas, North Sumatra. The research was performed through vegetation analysis using a purposive sampling technique with a randomized sample plot based on the presence of E. longifolia. A total of 181 plots were established in this study. The results showed that the horizontal structure of tree species in the research area had an inverted J-shape pattern, indicating that the number of trees decreased as the diameter increased. The vertical structure showed that all strata were found in the research location, dominated by stratum C. This condition indicated that the forest was in good condition. The regeneration status of 48 species in the location showed different categories. Thirty species (62.50%) were classified as good regeneration, ten species (18.75%) as new regeneration, and four species (8.30%) as poor and no regeneration. The high proportion of trees with good regeneration showed that the forest community could survive despite environmental or anthropogenic stress. Keywords: long jack (Eurycoma longifolia), regeneration, species composition, vegetation structure

The Himalayan Birch (Betula utilis D. Don) an essential tree species due to its ecological and social importance in the himalayan region. The study assessed the effect of environmental factors on habitat, growth, and regeneration patterns of the Himalayan Birch at the Royal Botanical Park, Lampelri, Bhutan . Two vertical transects with a spacing of 75 m were laid across the altitudinal gradient. A total of 10 circular sample plots were laid on each transect with a plot size of 12.62 m for trees, 3.57 m for regeneration, and 0.57 m for ground cover vegetation. A total of 119 vascular plant species under 45 families were recorded in 20 survey plots. The Spearman rho’s correlation showed strong negative correlation between the species abundance and temperature (rs=- .83) and positive correlation with the species count and altitude (rs = .83). The species richness in the study area showed an initial increase up to certain with elevation and then decreased with further increase in elevation. The importance value index (IVI) of tree species showed Tsuga dumosa as the most dominant species. Betula utilis indicated an increasing density with an increase in elevation. The regeneration of Betula utilis was poor as it was mostly found in a sapling stage. From a total of 43 tree species regenerating, 13.95% showed good regeneration, 34.88% fair, 23.25% poor, and 4.65% without regeneration. The remaining 23.25% seems to be either reappearing or immigrating.

Effects of forest fire on the regeneration potential of trees at Olokemeji Forest Reserve was established in this study. The Olokemeji fire experimental plot was selected at the reserve. The site was divided into three plots; late fire treatment was applied to Plot A, Early fire treatment was also applied to Plot B and no fire treatment at plot C (Control plot). The diameter at breast height (dbh) and tree height (m) of the tree species in the plots were assessed prior and post fire treatment. The regeneration potential of the selected plots after burning were assessed through the occurrence of saplings and seedlings obtained. The highest basal area (m2) were found in plot C followed by plot B and Plot C with mean value of 0.64, 0.55 and 0.30 m2 respectively. The number of stems per plot ranged from 25 to 67. The regeneration potentials of the three plots were found to be noteworthy. Early and late year fire regime adopted had both positive and negative effect on the regeneration potentials of tree species. This study has established the effect and relevance of fire on forest and wildlife management. It’s therefore recommended in this study that Prescribed or controlled burning should be encouraged as appropriate sivilcultural management tool for stimulating basal area growth, natural regeneration, production of tree species seedlings and saplings.

Climate change is modifying the dynamics of forests and threatens the supply of ecosystem services from managed forests. In response, managers are developing climate-adapted strategies, mostly focusing on changes in abiotic conditions. Ungulate populations, however, also impact forest integrity and productivity, and the effects of ungulate browsing likely interact with the effects of climate change. This raises the issue of whether climate-adapted strategies will be compatible with abundant ungulate populations. Here, we endeavour to (1) review if/how climate-adapted strategies currently consider ungulates and (2) to highlight how browsing could affect the success of these strategies, using a systematic mapping protocol and available knowledge of ungulate browsing. We identified 57 references discussing climate-adapted forest management that mentioned ungulates, almost exclusively in boreal and temperate forests. The majority (35/57) of these considered browsing to be a threat to climate adaptation. Ungulates could especially prevent the achievement of changes in tree species composition or forest state desired to increase forest resilience. Browsing could also interact with the success of proposed climate-adapted approaches (e.g., nature-based silvicultural approaches and assisted migration), based on known effects of browsing. Potential interactions between large ungulate populations and climate-adapted forest management are sometimes considered but are not a large part of adaptation strategies. More empirical and modeling data would be beneficial, especially on the interactive effect of climate variables and browsing on tree regeneration. Without this, the climate-adapted strategies implemented today could result in future regeneration failures and exacerbate the pressure on forests.

Across North America, forests dominated by Quercus rubra L. (northern red oak), a moderately shade-tolerant tree species, are undergoing successional replacement by shade-tolerant competitors. Under closed canopies, Q. rubra seedlings are unable to compete with these shade-tolerant species and do not recruit to upper forest strata. In Europe, natural regeneration of introduced Q. rubra is often successful despite the absence of fire, which promotes regeneration in the native range. Considering that understorey light availability is a major factor affecting recruitment of seedlings, we hypothesized that Q. rubra seedlings are more shade tolerant in the introduced range than in the native range. Morphological traits and biomass allocation patterns of seedlings indicative of shade tolerance were compared for Q. rubra and three co-occurring native species in two closed-canopy forests in the native range (Ontario, Canada) and introduced range (Baden-Wurttemburg, Germany). In the native range, Q. rubra allocated a greater proportion of biomass to roots, while in the introduced range, growth and allocation patterns favored the development of leaves. Q. rubra seedlings had greater annual increases in height, diameter and biomass in the introduced range. Q. rubra seedlings in the introduced range were also younger; however, they had a mean area per leaf and a total leaf area per seedling that were five times greater than seedlings in the native range. Such differences in morphological traits and allocation patterns support the hypothesis that Q. rubra expresses greater shade tolerance in the introduced range, and that natural regeneration of Q. rubra is not as limited by shade as in the native range. The ability of Q. rubra seedlings to grow faster under closed canopies in Europe may explain the discrepancy in regeneration success of this species in native and introduced ranges. Future research should confirm findings of this study over a greater geographical range in native and introduced ecosystems, and examine the genetic and environmental bases of observed differences in plant traits.

Understanding naturally occurring pine regeneration dynamics in response to thinning and burning treatments is necessary not only to measure the longevity of the restoration or fuels treatment, but also to assess how well regeneration meets forest sustainability guidelines and whether natural regeneration is sufficient for maintaining a sustainable forest structure and composition. A synthesis review was carried out on the effects of mechanical thinning and prescribed burn treatments on natural pine regeneration response in frequent-fire ponderosa pine forests across the western United States. The focus was on site-specific variability in pine regeneration dynamics, temporal trends in regeneration presence and abundance, and response to treatment as described in the current literature using 29 studies that met our evidence-based review protocols. Data showed that the effects of thinning and burning treatments on regeneration depended on time since treatment. Mechanical thinning, prescribed burning, and thinning plus burn treatments all increased seedling density, but there was high variability among sites and studies. There were mixed results in the short-term ( 20 years) concluded that stands can return to pre-treatment densities in terms of total trees per hectare and forest floor duff levels when there are no maintenance treatments applied. Several studies showed the average ponderosa pine seedling presence, survival and growth found in today’s forests to be at a high density; this combined with missed fire cycles could contribute to future fire risk and reduce the efficacy of maintaining fuel reduction goals.

Boswellia dalzielii Hutch., an African frankincense tree, is a socio-economically important aromatic and medicinal tree. It is currently threatened by uncontrolled exploitation, and therefore requires action to ensure its sustainable management. This study assessed the population structure and regeneration of its natural stands across three land use types in Burkina Faso: woodlands, fallows and farmlands. Sixty, fifty and fifty 50 m × 20 m plots were established respectively in woodlands, fallows and farmlands. All the plots were surveyed for adult tree (dbh ≥ 5 cm) density, dbh, total height and health conditions. Data on regeneration density (dbh 50%) of regenerating plants were suckers and no seedling regeneration was found in farmlands. The distribution of trees in diameter classes was J-shaped in woodlands, bell-shaped in farmlands and positive asymmetric in fallows, indicating recruitment bottlenecks. We found that 80.18% of individuals encountered were unhealthy. Intensive debarking and cutting were the main threats to the species and no conservation strategy was in place in the study region. We suggest measures to reduce intensive debarking and cutting, which should contribute to better management of the species.

We assessed natural regeneration of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) using the data collected from the Escambia Experimental Forest in southern Alabama. Fifteen years after the regeneration control, natural regeneration of longleaf pine remained patchy across a wide range of site and stand conditions; slightly more than half of all plots contained regeneration, but the density of seedlings and saplings varied significantly. The abundance of seedlings ≤1-year-old was positively related to stand age and time since last fire, but negatively related to overstory basal area. The abundance of seedlings and saplings was positively related to stand age, but negatively related to time since last fire and overstory basal area. The probability of achieving at least 15 000 seedlings·ha–1 that are older than 1 year but less than 1 m tall and at least 1250 saplings·ha–1 that are over 1 m tall was, respectively, positively related to the ratio of time since last fire to overstory basal area and the ratio of quadratic mean diameter to site index. A longer fire interval (> 2 to 3 years) should be adopted to naturally regenerate longleaf. We did not find clear zones of exclusion present in natural regeneration even though overstory trees, seedlings, and saplings tended to be repulsive spatially and >80% grass stage seedlings and saplings occurred outside tree crowns.

The article presents the results of a 40 years study of the reforestation of undergrowth and the dynamicsof the plant community after conditionally clear cutting of the larch forest of Eastern Khentey. In the conditionally clearcutting of the mesophyte herbs subtaiga larch forest the regenerative succession goes through 5 serial stages: 1) Herbssheep fescue community (2–6 years), 2) Grass-herbs-sheep fescue community (8–15 years), 3) Sedge-sheep fescue-herbsbirch-larch young stands (22–28 years old), 4) Sheep fescue-herbs larch-birch young stands (37 years old), 5) Grass-herbsbirch-larch young stands (40 years old).

Forest restoration depends on the availability of seeds in the soils. Understanding relationships between soil seed banks and aboveground flora is vital for framing strategies to ensure sustainable...

Resumo No Sul do Brasil, parte dos remanescentes florestais é utilizada, historicamente, como sistemas silvipastoris denominados caívas, em Santa Catarina, e faxinais no estado do Paraná. Nestes, o estrato herbáceo da floresta é composto por pastagem naturalizada onde ocorre o pastejo animal. Visando contribuir para o melhor entendimento do impacto das caívas sobre a conservação da Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM), foram avaliadas diferentes intensidades de uso da pastagem, da prática da roçada e do pastejo bovino sobre a regeneração natural. O experimento foi realizado em oito caívas em 2015 e 2016, sendo a regeneração monitorada a cada seis meses. Ao longo desse período foram identificadas 49 espécies arbóreas características da FOM. Independentemente dos fatores avaliados, a regeneração das espécies arbóreas é um processo dinâmico, presente e contínuo nas caívas avaliadas. A intensidade de uso da pastagem não afetou os indicadores de diversidade, a riqueza de espécies e a densidade da regeneração. Houve baixa similaridade entre caívas com o mesmo tipo de manejo do pasto. A roçada foi a atividade de maior impacto sobre a regeneração, com acentuada redução na densidade de regenerantes, embora não tenha afetado a riqueza de espécies. Dada a abundância de espécies na regeneração das caívas, inclusive muitas típicas de estágio avançado, é possível confirmar que estes sistemas apresentam alta resiliência com respeito à conservação da biodiversidade florestal, mesmo com o pastejo do gado há longo tempo. Esses resultados indicam, também, ser possível implementar com sucesso diferentes estratégias de intensificação da pastagem em caívas, desde que estejam associadas à práticas de preservação de áreas mais frágeis e diversas, a fim de compor um sistema com maior sustentabilidade em todas as suas dimensões. Abstract In some regions of Southern Brazil, historic silvopastoral systems, known as caívas in Santa Catarina State and faxinais in Paraná State, are used in remnants of Araucaria Forest. In these systems, the herbaceous stratum of the forest is composed of natural pasture on which animals graze. In order to better understand the impact of caívas on the conservation of the Araucaria Forest, the effects of different intensities of pasture management, mowing practices, and cattle grazing on natural regeneration were assessed. The experiment was carried out in eight caívas from 2015 to 2016, during which the forest regeneration was monitored every six months. Throughout the study period, 48 tree species that are characteristic of the Araucaria Forest were identified. In all evaluated scenarios, the regeneration of tree species was present, dynamic, and continuous in the caívas. The intensity of pasture use did not affect the indicators of diversity, species richness, and regeneration density. However, there was limited similarity among caívas with the same type of pasture management. Mowing had the greatest impact on regeneration, with a marked reduction in the density of regenerants, although it did not affect species richness. Given the abundance of species in the regeneration, including many species typical of advanced forest succession, it is possible to confirm that these systems present high levels of resilience with respect to the conservation of biodiversity, despite the occurrence of livestock grazing for generations. The results also indicate that it is possible to successfully implement strategies for pasture intensification in caívas. However, this practice must be associated with preservation strategies in forest areas that are more fragile and diverse, in order to ensure the system is sustainable across all dimensions.

Les projets d’aménagement durable et de conservation (ADC) des ressources naturelles en collaboration avec les peuples autochtones ayant recours à une approche en génomique sont en émergence. Les informations et applications issues de la génomique peuvent leur être utiles particulièrement dans un contexte de changements climatiques. Toutefois, le défi de transposer ces applications dans la pratique et de les mettre au service des communautés demeure. Nous présentons ici une revue de littérature exploratoire qui aborde (1) les utilités démontrées de la génomique dans les projets d’ADC impliquant les peuples autochtones, (2) certains enjeux qui peuvent limiter l’adoption des applications de la génomique et (3) le travail collaboratif entre chercheurs et communautés autochtones dans les études analysées. Les utilités démontrées identifiées ont été essentiellement de nature socioécologique. La nature complémentaire des savoirs autochtones et des savoirs scientifiques en génomique a été reconnue comme une opportunité qui devrait être développée davantage pour relever les défis actuels, tels que les changements climatiques. En ce qui concerne l’adoption de cette technologie en ADC dans la pratique, en plus de faire face à des enjeux similaires à d’autres utilisateurs finaux, l’intégration des besoins, des valeurs traditionnelles et des connaissances des communautés autochtones dans les projets de génomique représente également un défi dans un contexte de décolonisation de la recherche en génomique. Finalement, la collaboration communauté-chercheur a été identifiée comme un élément clé pour favoriser la réussite de la transposition de la génomique en ADC.

Regeneration in the canopy gaps in medium saline zone of the Sundarbans Reserve Forest (SRF), Bangladesh was studied to investigate either significant floristic and structural differences between canopy gaps and adjacent forest with continuous canopy. A total of eighteen plots (30 m × 20 m) with an area of 1.08 ha were sampled from six sites (three sample plots from each sites). Species richness in terms of total number of species (seedling, height

The present study aimed to analyse the population structure, forest composition and regeneration dynamics of Betula utilis D.Don in two core zone of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. A total of 346 plants species belonging to 198 genera and 82 families were recorded dominated by Asteraceae (24) followed by Rosaceae (21 species) and Ranunculaceae (19 species), respectively. The total tree stand density was ranged between 1133 ind.ha−1 and 2137 ind.ha−1 in the south and north aspect of the each sites. Among tree species B. utilis was showed the dominant tree species with highest density ranged between 663 ind.ha−1 and 1525 ind.ha−1 at north and south aspects of both sites. Highest seedling density (1033 saplings ha−1 and 1783 seedlings ha−1) and sapling density (1033 saplings ha−1 and 1470 saplings ha−1) was recorded for B. utilis in north and south aspects. The density-diameter curve of B. utilis forest resembled a reverse J-shape which exhibits good regeneration with higher number of individuals in seedling and sapling stages, followed by a sharp decline in tree classes. This study suggests urgent need of long term ecological monitoring of timberline zone to assess the significant change in timberline vegetation and development of sustainable management plans.

16 Pág. Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR), Key message: Our modelling approach shows the predominance of the facilitative over the competition effects in controlling the regeneration of the studied species, thus pointing out to intra- and inter-specific coexistence mechanisms. Abstract: Natural regeneration is a main issue in the management of continental Mediterranean forests. Ensuring natural forest regeneration is therefore vital for preserving ecosystem function under climate warming and increased frequency and intensity of extreme droughts. In this study, we evaluated intraspecific and inter-specific relationships between saplings and adult trees in mixed Pinus pinea-Quercus ilex-Juniperus stands in the Spanish Northern Plateau. Data were gathered from five 50 m × 60 m plots that covered different stand densities. Adult trees, saplings, and stumps were positioned, and height and diameter were measured. We developed a patch model to predict the probability of occurrence and abundance of saplings of the three species in 2.5 m × 2.5 m patches using a zero-inflated model. We considered as predictive variables abundance of adult trees, stumps, and saplings of each species, both in a patch and in its adjacent patches. Saplings of the three species showed a cluster pattern. The abundance of saplings of the three species was positively related with the current or past presence of their conspecific adult trees. The presence of adult trees of Pinus pinea plays a main role in both Quercus ilex and Juniperus dissemination. Our modelling approach shows the predominance of the facilitative effects over the competition effects in controlling the regeneration of the three species, pointing out to intra- and inter-specific coexistence mechanisms. The simulations suggested that to perpetuate the mixture, it is necessary to apply intense release cuttings in Pinus pinea trees once seedlings have been successfully established., The authors thank the Forest Service at Valladolid for their support in the installation and maintenance of the plots. The study was supported by the national project AGL2017-83828.

The effect of time lag after logging on seedling dynamics was assessed in logged and unlogged forest plots located in the Pra-Anum Forest Reserve. Remnant tree attributes were sampled in six plots with sizes of 25 × 25 m in each forest type. Within each forest type, ten subplots with sizes 1 × 1 m were established for sampling seedling regeneration dynamics. Enumerated seedlings were grouped as pioneer, non-pioneer light demander, and shade-tolerant species. Regenerating seedlings were more diverse in the recently logged forest area characterised by Broussonetia papyrifera and Musanga cecropioides, and least in the unlogged forest driven predominantly by Celtis mildbraedii and Baphia nitida. Pioneer species were primarily dominant in the recently logged forest, while shade-tolerant and non-pioneer light-demanding species characterised the logged-over forest. Species richness and canopy openness of remnant stands explained 32 percent of the variations in regeneration richness between the logged and unlogged areas. Twenty-seven percent of the variations in seedling abundance was also explained by remnant trees richness, their size diameter and the degree to which their canopy has been opened. Logging-induced disturbance favours the sporadic emergence of pioneer species in recently disturbed areas which are later replaced by non-pioneer light-demanding or shade-tolerant species as light becomes limiting in the understory.

Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. is one of the most invasive plant species worldwide that colonizes crops and human disturbed lands, while it appears at the edge of forest ecosystems. Its control still remains an unsolved problem around the world. Understanding its distribution under predicted climate change, could contribute to an effective management and conservation of ecosystems in the future. This research was conducted in order to investigate the capacity of this species to invade Mediterranean forest ecosystems, and if the allelopathy effects of forest tree species could control its regeneration, thus contributing to a natural and biological management practice aimed to prevent the species from pervading into Mediterranean forest ecosystems. Results showed that S. elaeagnifolium can establish itself outside and along the forest edges, but not in a typical forest environment. The leaf extracts of Pinus brutia, Cupressus sempervirens, Quercus coccifera and Quercus pubescens significantly inhibited the germination of S. elaeagnifolium. Root regenerative ability of the cuttings was also significantly affected by the leaf extract treatments. P. brutia leaf extract had significantly the highest inhibitory activity on root regenerative ability of the species. Despite the promising findings of this study, absence of S. elaeagnifolium in Mediterranean forest ecosystems can be attributed to a combination of factors. In the context of climate change, especially in hot and dry Mediterranean areas, and the expected increase of forest disturbances (e.g., fires), the findings of the study could contribute towards the restriction of this invasive alien species by an appropriate management of forest ecosystems.

Gap regeneration remains the best silviculture technique for sustainable forest regeneration in mixed forests. The study examined tree species composition, diversity and dynamics of natural regeneration in gaps under three contrasting forest stands at Křtiny in the Czech Republic. In spring 2013, experimental gap design begins, when semi-permanent 1 m2 circular sub-sampling plots along North-South-East-West transects were delineated under 6 selected natural canopy openings ≤ 20 m2. In winter 2013/14, these naturally originated openings were artificially enlarged to the current gap sizes ranging between 255 and 1149 m2 through group felling. Natural regeneration in gaps was measured four times: from the growing season before disturbance (BD) in 2013 to the next three consecutive growing seasons after disturbance in 2014 – 2016, respectively. Seven (7) new species with light demanding growth strategy that were previously not present at mother stands were occurring there during the first growing season after disturbance (FGS), yielding the highest taxa (14 species) and diversity (Shannon diversity index, H = 1.7) while BD attained the lowest (8 species; H = 0.9), respectively. Study site being part of Fagus sylvatica vegetation community and providing favorable natural conditions for the optimal growth of Picea abies significantly explains the regeneration dominance of these species in gap regeneration from BD until the third growing season after disturbance (TGS), respectively. Small scale gap-disturbance contributed to the higher regeneration densities of all studied species during FGS. However, drought, competition from other life forms, and browsing activities substantially caused a progressive decline in natural regeneration during three consecutive years after disturbance.

In Mediterranean forests, besides the conflict between forest managers and local populations who are often poor and dependent on livestock for survival, the cost of raw materials used in animal feed is increasingly a burden for farmers. There is growing recognition that wise use of acorns can reduce feed costs and enhance sustainable participatory governance of these woodlands. This paper aimed to carry out a quantitative, qualitative and economic evaluation of acorn potential in a cork oak forest in north-western Tunisia and to investigate the impact of their post-dispersal on natural regeneration. Quantities were estimated in November and February, respectively for acorns collected directly from trees and from the ground. Time-dependent monitoring of acorn quality and numbers of new seedlings was also conducted from autumn 2014 to spring 2015. The results show a significant decrease in acorn quantity from 5.28 ± 4.61 t/ha in November to 0.684 ± 0.1 t/ha in February. However, this loss did not put the early stages of natural cork oak regeneration at risk since the percentage of acorns not able to germinate was estimated at only 37% in late February. Furthermore, the average number of new seedlings was estimated in April at 40,000 seedlings/ha. A model was fitted to predict tree acorn production and to establish the best agroforestry system to optimize acorn use. Based on acorn quantity and quality data, earlier acorns should be directed to nursery and livestock production and the later acorns to wildlife and natural regeneration.

Understanding the performance of agroforestry woody species in controlled and free grazing systems is crucial for scaling up agroforestry practices. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the determinants of agroforestry woody species composition and regeneration in free and controlled grazing systems in the Ethiopian highlands. Household and field surveys were conducted on 83 and 171 households selected from controlled grazing (CG) and free grazing (FG) systems, respectively. Woody species performance was compared between the two grazing systems using independent T-test. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) was used to identify the factors determining woody species density/abundance, diversity and regeneration. Most trees were grown for fuel wood and timber rather than for fodder. CG users owned more diversified species and abundant regenerates and mature trees/shrubs than FG users. The SUR results showed that herd size, farmland size, fencing, plantation of seedlings, education, wealth, grazing system, farmland distance from homestead and slope were the major factors affecting the composition and regeneration of species. Specifically the SUR results per-household indicated that woody species regeneration was highly affected by grazing system. Fencing is the common underlying factor positively affecting species diversity, regeneration and density of mature trees. Homestead distance from road and number of planted seedlings significantly affected density of regenerates and mature trees. Density of mature trees and species diversity were significantly affected by agroecology and slope. Woody species diversity was significantly affected by education, wealth, farmland size and project participation. Our findings revealed that the scaling up of woody species in agroforestry requires not only CG and favorable agroecology but also matching of agroforestry options with household and farmland characteristics.

The spatial structure of forest ecosystems is dominated by the horizontal and vertical distribution of trees and their attributes across space. Canopy disturbance is a primary regulator of forest spatial structure. Although the importance of tree spatial pattern is widely acknowledged as it affects important ecosystem processes such as regeneration and recruitment into the overstory, quantitative reference spatial conditions to inform silvicultural systems are lacking. This is especially true for mixedwood forests, defined as those that contain hardwoods and softwoods in the canopy. We used data from a preexisting network of plots in a complex-stage mixedwood stand to investigate the influence of canopy disturbance on stand and neighborhood-scale spatial patterns. We reconstructed canopy disturbance history and linked detected stand-wide and gap-scale disturbance events to establishment and spatial patterns of shortleaf pine. The majority of shortleaf pine establishment coincided with stand-wide or gap-scale disturbance. Shortleaf pine was clustered at the stand scale but was randomly distributed at the neighborhood scale (i.e. five tree clusters), which was a legacy of the historical disturbance regime. These results may be used to improve natural disturbance-based silvicultural systems to restore and maintain mixedwood forests for enhanced resilience and provisioning of ecosystem goods and services.

Degradation of riparian vegetation throughout the world is a major challenge due to its various ecological functions. Assessment of degeneration of riparian vegetation structure, diversity and their subsequent restoration through screening of indigenous species are rare information from Indian perspective. The present study was designed to assess the ecology of riparian vegetation through phytosociological attributes, their subsequent restoration and management. Our results revealed that the vegetation layer of two respective rivers reflected significant variation among themselves. For two rivers, tree layer was represented by 33 species (22 families), sapling by 26 species (18 families), seedling layer by 22 species (6 families), shrub layer by 13 species (11 families) and herb layer by 21 species (15 families). Higher diversity of tree and herb layer was observed in Maini and seedling, sapling and shrub layer reflected higher diversity in Machhli site. Further, the results reveal that Machhli represented diverse vegetation size class than Maini river. Shorea robusta and Syzygium cumini reflected strong association between them with good regeneration potential in Maini and Bridelia retiosa, Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia catechu and Gmelina arborea showed strong association with good regeneration potential in case of Machhli river. The overall regeneration potential for Maini river was 31.03% and for Machhli river it was 47.62%. Our findings reflect phytosociological dynamics of riparian vegetation community under tropical condition and therefore would act as good scientific dataset from developing country perspective. Species-oriented plantation practices can give successful results for restoration of these ecological system. Such restoration practice improves the stand quality of vegetation and subsequently soil health. It also paves the way of conserving riparian vegetation through species with high regeneration potential.

Natural forest regeneration after natural or anthropogenic disturbance is difficult to predict given its high variability. The process is poorly documented for commercial northern hardwood species in the Acadian forest of eastern Canada. Our objective was to identify the silvicultural, environmental, and ecological factors that best explain the variability in sapling density and occurrence of two commercial tolerant hardwood species in New Brunswick: American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Forty-three permanent sample plots were established in 2002 and measured before harvesting in 2004. Sapling density and occurrence were measured 14 years after harvesting. The results showed that the interactions between the species and the residual merchantable basal area and between the species and the percent of hardwoods in the original stand best explained the sapling density and occurrence variation of tolerant hardwoods. The sapling density of sugar maple increased with increasing merchantable residual basal area. However, the effect of this variable was not significant for the density of American beech saplings. The density and occurrence of tolerant hardwood saplings both increased along with the percent of hardwoods in the original stand. These results provide an improved understanding about tolerant hardwood regeneration dynamics in New Brunswick forests.

Background A challenge in current forestry is adaptation of managed forests to climate change, which is likely to alter the main processes of forest dynamics, i.e. natural regeneration. Scots pine will probably lose some parts of its distribution area in Europe. However, two native oaks, pedunculate and sessile may maintain or expand the area of their occurrence in central Europe. The utilization of spontaneous (not initialized by foresters) oak regeneration in Scots pine stands for the creation of next generation stands is one of the adaptation methods to climate change. Many factors influencing pedunculate oak regeneration are well known, but there is a lack of knowledge on the relation between soil enzyme activity and the establishment and development of the species. The aim of the study was to identify the relationships among stand characteristics, herb species composition, soil enzyme activity and the establishment or recruitment of oak regeneration in Scots pine-dominated stands. Results The one of the most influential factors shaping the oak seedling count was dehydrogenase activity in the humus horizon. We found that plots without litter and fern cover had higher seedling density. The raspberry ground cover and birch crown projection area had a positive influence on oak seedling number. The factor indicating good conditions for high density of oak saplings was phosphatase activity in the organic horizon. The same enzyme activity but in humus horizon described conditions in which more numerous recruits were observed. Conclusions The activity of soil enzymes can be used as the predictor of the establishment and advancement of oak regeneration but also could be seen as a new dimension of oak regeneration. The general density of spontaneous oak regeneration was not sufficient for the creation of new generation forest stands dominated by oak, but it is possible to use them as admixtures in new generation stands.

Mangrove forests have experienced a rapid decline. However, the rate of loss has decreased in recent years due to enhanced conservation and nature regeneration. The dynamics of mangrove forests in Panama have not been monitored since the year 2000, despite a significant loss during the 1980s. The objectives of our study were to quantify changes in mangrove cover and identify the dominant drivers of change in Parita Bay, Panama. Temporal changes in mangrove cover and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were determined using the supervised classification method on Landsat satellite images from 1987 to 2019. We identified a 4.7% increase in the mangrove area of Parita Bay during the 32 years; the mangrove forests were also considered healthy as reflected by high NDVI values. However, the conversion of mangroves to other land cover types resulted in a 1.26% decline in mangrove cover from 1987 to 1998. Moreover, the area of aquaculture and saltpans almost doubled during this period. During the following two decades, the conversion of other land cover classes (water, other vegetation, and bare soil) increased the mangrove area by 6%, and the annual rate of increase was greater during the second decade (0.43% year−1). From 2009 to 2019, mangroves declined at an annual rate of 0.11% in protected areas and increased at an annual rate of 0.50% in unprotected areas. Despite the regeneration potential of mangrove forests, our study highlights the need to continually manage and protect mangrove forests in order to facilitate their expansion in Parita Bay.

The potential utilisation of natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) for forest conversion has received little attention to date. Ecological knowledge is necessary to understand and predict successful natural regeneration of beech. The objective of this study was to improve understanding of what drives the occurrence of beech regeneration and, once regeneration is present, what drives its density. In the study, we utilised a forest inventory dataset provided by Sachsenforst, the state forestry service of Saxony, Germany. The dataset was derived from 8725 permanent plots. Zero-altered negative binomial models (ZANB) with spatial random effects were used to analyse factors influencing occurrence and density simultaneously. The results provided by the spatial ZANB models revealed that the probability of the occurrence of beech regeneration is highly dependent on seed availability, i.e. dependent on source trees in close proximity to a plot. The probability of beech regeneration rises with the increasing diameter of a potential seed tree and decreases with increasing distance to the nearest potential seed source. The occurrence of regeneration is affected by overstorey composition and competition exerted by spruce regeneration. Where sites are affected by groundwater or temporary waterlogging, the impact on the occurrence of regeneration is negative. Although distance to the nearest potential seed source has an influence on occurrence, this variable exerts no influence on density. A high regeneration density arises in conjunction with a high beech basal area in the overstorey. Beech regeneration density, but not occurrence, is negatively affected by browsing intensity. These variables can be used to predict the occurrence and density of beech regeneration in space to a high level of precision. The established statistical tool can be used for decision-making when planning forest conversion using natural regeneration.

Despite numerous studies there are still uncertainties regarding regeneration strategies that are optimal for productivity and profitability. Thus the aim of this study was to establish effects of three regeneration methods (planting, direct seeding and natural regeneration) on the production and profitability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in southern Sweden. Long-term stand development was simulated, with the StandWise application of the Heureka decision support system, starting from short-term regeneration outcomes observed in several field experiments at sites with relatively high productivity (H100 site indices, i.e. heights of dominant pines at 100 years: 27-30 m). Financial and production results of each approach were assessed in terms of Land Expectation Value (LEV) and Mean Annual Increment (MAI), respectively, across a whole rotation. Planting on clear-cuts with 1600-3265 seedlings per hectare resulted in the highest profitability and production, whereas high-density planting (10,000 seedlings per hectare) resulted in negative LEV. However, sensitivity analysis showed that the results depended on the interest rate. Retention of seed-trees incurred additional costs relative to single-operation clear felling. In contrast, retention of shelter-trees had good financial results (at 0% and 2.5% interest rate), although they depended on the site index and average tree size.

Temperature was the dominant climatic factor that controlled Juniperus przewalskii growth before 1988. However, the limiting effect of temperature on trees gradually weakened after 1988. Treeline shifted upward since 1890, especially during the 1930–1949. The saplings of the species died due to the warming. Forest mortality triggered by drought and treeline dynamics due to the regional warming has been widely reported. In the eastern Qilian Mountains, northwestern China, sapling of Juniperus przewalskii was found dead in the high elevation at the fringe of its spatial distribution. Tree-ring widths were measured, and climatic records were related to the tree-ring width to understand the sapling’s death and the mechanism of the treeline dynamics in this region. Results showed that tree-ring widths were positively correlated with the temperatures of previous year’s September to current year’s February. However, this correlation weakened in the late twentieth century as the mean annual temperature increased. Treeline shifted upwards, and the regeneration of J. przewalskii trees peaked during 1930–1949, of which most grew at higher elevations. Sapling trees (less than 2 m tall) started to die after 1959 and the death rate peaked 2000–2004, which lagged the warming induced drought. Drought stress induced by rising temperatures explained the death of the sapling trees. This study sheds light on the impacts of climate changes for tree growth, forest dynamics, and tree mortality, and provides insights that will be useful to forest managers for managing vulnerable arid and semi-arid forests.

A forest fire and human disturbances are a major threat to regeneration and forest health. This study was conducted in western Bhutan in Thimphu, above Depsi. The Objective of the research was to assess diversity, species richness, regeneration, and soil nutrients content (N, P& K) along the altitudinal gradient after a forest fire. A total of 30 standard plots of size 20x20 m plots were established in the burned blue pine forest systematically, along the altitudinal gradient. Systematic random sampling was adopted. Sampling was carried out at three different altitudinal zones that is; lower (2500-2700 masl), middle (2701-2900 masl), and higher (2901-3100 masl) altitude. A total of 1703 individual plants belonging to 21 families were recorded from the study area. The diversity, regeneration, and soil nutrient increased till mid-altitude and decreased with further increase in altitude, making a unimodal, hump shape pattern. The regeneration, soil nutrient, and diversity were higher in the gentle slope and the slope facing southeast due to the longer duration of sunlight exposition. The regeneration and diversity of vegetation showed a positive correlation with aspect, carbon, phosphorous, and nitrogen (p

Regeneration method effects within-stem variability of mechanical wood properties but has no impact on overall quality of Scots pine logs. In Central Europe, group shelterwood regeneration method relying on natural regeneration is generally considered as an approach that meets the criteria of close-to-nature silviculture. We tested its effect on wood properties in contrast to the clearcutting method with subsequent artificial regeneration by planting in the case of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Four localities were chosen in the Czech Republic, where both regeneration methods were applied. Sample trees were felled and subsequently evaluated for the impact of the applied regeneration method on wood properties. Modulus of elasticity, bending strength and wood density were used as indicators of wood quality. The impact of the regeneration method on the examined characteristics of the wood was not statistically significant, 78 MPa (megapascal) for shelterwood and 75 MPa for clearcutting method in the case of bending strength, and they are of negligible importance in terms of influencing end-product potential. Much more significant was the impact of the applied regeneration method on the distribution of the properties along trunk radius, where the shelterwood method provides even distribution. Non-destructive methods turned out to be useful tools for elastic properties estimation of wood as the close correlation to modulus of elasticity was confirmed (r = 0.66 and r = 0.82 for shelterwood and clearcutting method, respectively).

In Europe, some non-native tree species (NNT) are classified as invasive because they have spread into semi-natural habitats. Yet, available risk assessment protocols are often based on a few limited case studies with unknown representativeness and uncertain data quality. This is particularly problematic when negative impacts of NNT are confined to particular ecosystems or processes, whilst providing valuable ecosystem services elsewhere. Here, we filled this knowledge gap and assessed invasion risks of two controversially discussed NNT in Germany (Quercus rubra L., Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) for broad forest types using large scale inventory data. For this purpose, establishment success of natural regeneration was quantified in terms of cover and height classes. The current extent of spread into protected forest habitats was investigated in south-west Germany using regional data. Establishment was most successful at sites where the NNT are abundant in the canopy and where sufficient light is available in the understory. Natural regeneration of both NNT was observed in 0.3% of the total area of protected habitats. In forest habitats with sufficient light in the understory and competitively inferior tree species, there is a risk that Douglas fir and red oak cause changes in species composition in the absence of management interventions. The installation of buffer zones and regular removal of unwanted regeneration could minimize such risks for protected areas. Our study showed that forest inventories can provide valuable data for comparing the establishment risk of NNT amongst ecosystem types, regions or jurisdictions. This information can be improved by recording the abundance and developmental stage of widespread NNT, particularly in semi-natural ecosystems.

The diversity and population structure of woody species at Maun Educational Park (MEP) was investigated from June to July 2018. A total of 23, 18 and 30 quadrats of 20 × 20 m size were laid down at...

Following timber harvests in bottomland mixed-oak (Quercus L.) stands, desirable oak advance regeneration can be overgrown by shade-intolerant pioneer species. We investigated the effects of group selection opening size on composition of tree regeneration 19 years postharvest in an oak-dominated bottomland forest and compared results with earlier findings to evaluate development trends. In response to six opening sizes (7–40 m radii), we evaluated regeneration density and dominance of four tree species groups: conifers, hard mast, shade-intolerant hardwoods, and shade-tolerant hardwoods. Our objectives were to determine the optimum gap size for regenerating oaks and test the delayed oak dominance hypothesis, in which oaks slowly gain dominance as pioneer species undergo self-thinning. Opening size influenced conifer regeneration but minimally affected hardwoods. Hard mast species density was less than that of either intolerant or tolerant species regardless of opening size. Future stem density trends suggest increasing intolerant species and constant mast and tolerant species. Modeled future height trends suggest increasing mast species dominance over intolerant pioneers after 30 years. Our results suggest that gap-based silviculture can be used to regenerate bottomland hardwood stands with desirable species including oaks; larger gaps favor conifers but there was no optimum size to enhance oak regeneration.

In temperate Europe, oak-dominated forests are widespread, supporting high biodiversity and providing important ecosystem services. Insufficient natural regeneration has, however, been a concern for over a century. The objective of this study was to gain insights into differences in regeneration success using artificial and natural regeneration techniques for reforestation of oak (Quercus robur L.) stands. We monitored seedlings following planting, direct seeding and natural regeneration over five years in a randomized block experiment in southern Sweden with fenced and non-fenced plots. Fencing had a strong positive effect on height growth, especially for planted seedlings that were taller than the other seedlings and more frequently browsed in non-fenced plots. In contrast, there was little effect of fencing on survival, establishment rate and recruitment rate of seedlings. Due to aboveground damage on seedlings from voles, protection of acorns did not improve establishment rate following direct seeding. Under current circumstances at the site with a sparse shelterwood of old oaks, we conclude that natural regeneration was the most cost-efficient regeneration method. It resulted in the most seedlings at the lowest cost. However, regeneration success was heavily influenced by interference from herbaceous vegetation. With a small additional investment in vegetation control, the results might have been improved for planting and direct seeding.

Following the nuclear disaster of 1986, forests have established throughout the abandoned agricultural landscapes within Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (ChEZ). However, they are yet to be monitored prope...

The shrub-tree floristic composition of the natural regeneration stratum of a bauxite mine in the process of restoration and in a reference ecosystem (remnant of a preserved secondary Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest) were analysed to evaluate forest restoration conditions after five years of planting. The influence of canopy openness, accumulated leaf litter and soil attributes in the regeneration stratum were also investigated in both the forests. The floristic composition of the regeneration stratum in the forest under restoration (16 species and 5,083 individuals ha-1) and in the reference ecosystem (58 species and 26,250 individuals ha-1) are distinct due to the difference in the environmental variables. Results showed that the reference ecosystem favours the presence of species that tolerate environments with greater shading and higher aluminium and organic matter content in the soil like Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq., while the forest under restoration favours the presence of species adapted to fertile soils and those that tolerate greater luminosity like Vernonanthura phosphorica (Vell.) H.Rob.

The positive ecological interaction between gap formation and natural regeneration has been examined but little research has been carried out on the effects of gaps on natural regeneration in forests under different intensities of disturbance. This study evaluates the composition, diversity, regeneration density and abundance of natural regeneration of tree species in gaps in undisturbed, intermittently disturbed, and disturbed forest sites. Bia Tano Forest Reserve in Ghana was the study area and three gaps each were selected in the three forest site categories. Ten circular subsampling areas of 1 m2 were delineated at 2 m spacing along north, south, east, and west transects within individual gaps. Data on natural regeneration

The present investigation is carried out to analyze the tree diversity, community characteristics, and regeneration status of tree species of Rowa Wildlife Sanctuary of Tripura, NE India. The random quadrate sampling method was followed to find the regeneration status and to reveal the health of the forest in terms of diversity indices. The result bared 44 tree species under 27 families in the study area. Tree density of the sanctuary was recorded as 599 tree/hectare and the total tree basal area was found as 44.77 m2/hectare. Maximum species showed fair regeneration (47.73%) status. Some important tree species showed no regeneration. Biodiversity indices value showed enormous tree diversity of Rowa WLS despite its small area. The results of this study may help in better management of the Wildlife Sanctuary.

The aim of our study is to highlight the spatial structure of the trees and to determine its influence on the natural regeneration of the Kalikuku dense forest, with a view of its optimal conservation and enhancement. Data collection was done by measuring diameter at breast height along 10 plots of 0.5 ha in size. In analyzing these data, the Dajoz test was used to determine the horizontal spatial distribution pattern of the two most abundant tree species in the forest (Piptadeniastrum africanum and Ocotea usambarensis). The χ2 test was used to compare the frequency distribution of diameter classes for the two species tested. To estimate the difference between the number of seedlings in aggregate versus non-aggregate areas, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used. In addition, the equability index was used to test the preponderance of proportions between diameter classes. Finally, the natural regeneration index was evaluated.

Tree root disease caused by the pathogen Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink has notable influence on bio-economic systems of southern British Columbia (BC) and the northwestern United States. Annual radial growth and mortality trends of regeneration associated with A. ostoyae during the first 21 years of a plantation were investigated. Our dendrochronological approach focused on a plantation established in 1991 with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats.). We examined tree rings for reduced growth onset (RGO) to estimate infection periods. Among trees studied, we found that the number of RGO events peaked in 2006 followed by a steady decline in frequency. A similar trend was seen in annual mortality rates which reached maximum values in 2007 followed by an uninterrupted decrease. The average number of years from RGO to death based on host species ranged from 2.3 to 3.6 years. According to on logistic regression modeling, values associated with drought codes and duff moisture codes were significant in determining the year of death for infected trees. The predicted increase in frequency of summer droughts may lead to elevated mortality associated with A. ostoyae in young plantations.

Platycladus orientalis is one of the main tree species in Mount Tai, and its sustainable development is of great significance to the protection and development of the forest ecological environment of Mount Tai. In this study, a representative sample plot of Platycladus orientalis with a size of 30 m * 20 m was selected on Mount Tai. The growth and distribution of the parent trees and seedlings of Platycladus orientalis were investigated in the sample plots. The results showed that both the mother cypress trees and seedlings inside the plot present an aggregated distribution pattern within a certain scale, which conforms to the distribution of most natural communities; and the mother cypress can promote seedlings within a certain scale. Although Platycladus orientalis has good natural regeneration ability, it is difficult to succeed in understory regeneration solely relying on natural fertility, and it is not conducive to the long-term stable development of forest stands. Therefore, the thinning of Platycladus orientalis and the adjustment of the forest stand structure and artificial promotion of natural regeneration can not only reduce operating costs, but also conform to the idea of forest near-natural management and maintain sustainable forest development.

Introduction One of the key conditions for further development of the forest sector in Ukraine is the transition to close to nature forestry, which provides, in particular, the formation of stands with an optimal balance of productivity and resilience based on natural regeneration. Currently, the main way to increase the resilience of pine forests is growing mixed deciduous-pine stands of complex structure from native forest-forming species. For these reasons, objective current information on the health condition and reforestation potential of natural regeneration of Scots pine after strip felling of the main use in the conditions of Western Polissya is extremely important. Materials and methods The object of the research were experimental and production plots with different options for natural pine regeneration on the felling sites after strip felling conducted in 2014–2015 with felled strip width of 50 m. The plots situated in Troyanivske Forestry in the Gorodotske Forest State Enterprise, Volyn Region. The field materials were collected in accordance with the generally accepted forestry and mensuration research methods. We assessed natural regeneration by continuous accounting of all individuals of available tree species. The natural regeneration success was estimated by the URIFFM scale and the table of groups of natural regeneration success of pine and oak for Western Polissya. The study was conducted on 6 sample plots with an area of 0.9–2.2 hectares, laid on 5–6-year-old felling sites. Results The study has shown that after strip felling in the autumn-winter period and activities to promote natural regeneration when furrows are made every 2 m, a large amount of seeds from left pine seed trees or from the forest walls surrounding the felling area fell into these furrows. Here, as well as in the sites mineralized during the felling, a large number of Scots pine seedlings emerged in the spring of the first year. Accounts for 2016 showed that 2-year-old felling sites were intensively occupied by pine self-seeding mainly concentrated in the furrows. In particular, in the plots where partial forest plantations had been established additionally, the density of 1–2-year-old self-seeding pines reached 50 thousand trees per ha. In the plot, where targeted reforestation measures were not applied at all, abundant pine self-seeding was also found. In 2020, the highest ratio of natural pine regeneration success was recorded at all study sites, the density of which was 9,200–17,300 trees per ha at the age of 5–6 years. Conclusions Strip felling in pine stands in the wet oak-pine relatively infertile forest type provides vigorous and effective pine regeneration in a natural way. The density of 5–6-year-old viable natural undergrowth of pine on felling areas is 9,200–17,300 trees per ha. The effectiveness of natural regeneration has been assessed as “good” according to URIFFM scale. The part of vigorous advance regeneration of pine makes 65–85 %, its location on the plot is uniform (the occurrence exceeds 80 %). The available number of pine seedlings should provide a formation of new pine stands after strip felling. Consistent measures aimed at promoting emergence of pine seedlings are necessary in case of a lack of mineralization. However, it is inappropriate to establish planted forest stands after strip felling, even its partial type. 1 Fig., 1 Table, 18 Refs. Key words: Pinus sylvestrys L., natural regeneration success ratio, clear felling with narrow coupes, main-use felling.