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Concept maps help detect misconceptions and provide revision exercises to assess comprehension once a topic has been introduced. A concept map is a schematic drawing used to show the connection among the concepts in propositional form. A concept map is a helpful tool for illustrating the relationships between main concepts and sub-concepts. The main objective of the study was to identify misconceptions about the human digestive system among higher secondary students using concept maps. The data was collected from higher secondary students XI class students) (N = 388) with the help of students' preliminary concept maps and researcher-made concept map tools. Findings of the study showed that secondary school students hold misconceptions related to the human digestive system, i.e. few (22.68%) students have misconceptions such as 'Human Digestive System is the process by which hard food is converted into simple diffusible assimilable nutrients', few (19.32%) students have misconceptions such as 'Alimentary Canal starts with the throat," etc. The present paper will help use concept maps for the identification and remediation of students' misconceptions.

Pornography viewing is gradually becoming a part of life in many countries around the world, including India. However, the role of the extensive consumption of pornography among the Indian youths has not been given much attention by society and the government. Pornography is fuel for the global sex trade industry. In the contemporary world due to advancements in ICT they access to the porn is on the tip of their fingers which is causing Psycho-social health among youth. The main aim of the present study is to study the psycho-social effect of pornography among post graduate students in Kolhapur city and check effectiveness of pornography preventive model on PG students. The survey and experimental method was adopted by the researcher. The data was collected with a researcher-made questionnaire from N=325 PG students by a convenient sampling method. The finding of the study are: More than 3/4 respondents suffer from the following psycho-social effects of pornography: Feeling live away from society, Masturbation, Feeling guiltiness, Mental stress, increase in aggressive behaviour, Staring at women/girls as a 'Sex object'. The developed Preventive model is helpful to overcome from pornography by the PG students.

Child abuse impedes an individual personality and leaves mark on the heart of an individual eventually and affects the growth and development. The children are most vulnerable and can be easily exploits. Child Abuse refers to the action which hurt or harms children in terms physical, emotional, sexual etc. The study was intended to find out the status and perceived attitude towards the child abuse among upper primary school students of Kolhapur city. A descriptive survey was conducted and the data was collected from 221 Upper Primary School students using structured questionnaire of child abuse. The findings of study were parents do not talk about the uncomfortable situations their child might face in absence of them along with and let the child make it know about the uncomfortable situation faced by their child to the responsible adult and the child to deal with such situations at school, movie, by doctor, friend or at a workshop. This is serious concern as parents must make aware about child abuse among their wards and Most of the Boys and Girls don't know what to do if they will have to face any of the above mentioned situations.

Child abuse and Neglect is a concern as the grown child is later a responsible citizen of society. The well-round develop a child in a peaceful manner is constructive and an asset to the society and eventually to the nation and globe. Child Abuse and Neglect affects child personality in a socio-psychological manner. Identification of CAN at the right time and intervene for the child right empowers a vulnerable child. Hence teachers may play a key role in Child Abuse and Neglect. The objectives of the study were to identify the perceived concept of CAN along with the CAN Awareness among Primary School Teachers based Gender. The data was analyzed at dual-stage Qualitative and Quantitative and it was found that Moderate number of Schools does not have Policies to overcome & prevent the CAN and few of the Primary School teachers are unaware of POCSO Act. Few of Male & Female teachers are unaware of Case Identification & Reporting of CAN. A moderate number of Male & Female teachers has not participated in child abuse and neglect related awareness Training Programme.

Physics is a science that deals with matter and energy, and their interaction. The subject matter of Physics includes mechanics, heat, light, optics, electricity, magnetism, radiation, gravitation, atom structure etc. Physics concepts are included in the science textbook form primary level of education. Some Physics abstract concepts are difficult to comprehend for Primary and Secondary students. The complex and abstract nature of many concepts in physics makes them difficult to understand. It results into that the Physics subject become much more difficult due to the presence of varied misconceptions in students. The aim of the study is to identify the Physics misconceptions related to gravity, motion and inertia concepts among secondary school students. The study was descriptive in nature. One hundred forty (N=140) Ninth standard semi-english secondary school students of Kolhapur city were selected by purposive sampling method. The researchers identify three concepts of Physics i.e. Gravity, Motion, Inertia. The tool was constructed and data was collected from the Ninth standard students of affiliated to State Board of Kolhapur city. The misconceptions found were 'gravitational force just act on only heavy object', 'gravity does not affect the object in water', 'a continuous force is needed for continuous motion', 'speed and motion are same and 'inertia is the force that keep objects in motion' among the students.

The importance of education and its role should be to open up minds and ensure that it thinks reasons and analyzes. The National Curriculum Framework 2005 places demands and expectations on the teacher, which need to be addressed by both initial and continuing teacher education. To enhance the knowledge, values and skill among student it is necessary to enhance these in teacher first. Critical thinking is a type of reasonable, reflective thinking that is aimed at deciding what to believe or what to do. This paper examines the critical thinking skill of three D.T.Ed, college student teachers' in the Kolhapur city and develop a programme to check the effectiveness of It. Findings are discussed most of the student teachers are poor in acquiring expanding question skill aspect, evaluating question skill aspect and analyzing question skill aspect of critical thinking skill. The treatment given to experimental group has produced significant difference in score of critical thinking skill and it can be said that the programme on development of critical thinking skill significantly enhances the critical thinking skill.

In this era of privatization and resulting commercialization of education at all levels, it is of paramount of importance to analyse the cost of education incurred to a student (or his/her parents) for his/her schooling. There is a public perception that higher one pays the amount of fees, better is likely to be his/her education and thereby, ultimately his/her academic achievement. This perception becomes more pronounced in case of self-financed schools as well as in case of private-aided schools when the Government wants to raise the fees. The present paper, thus attempts to analyse whether the academic achievement of students differs on the basis of school types, viz., private-unaided, private-aided and municipal schools in Greater Mumbai. In this attempt, it is also necessary to compute and compare the private cost of education per annum in private-unaided, private-aided and municipal schools. Cost analysis in education provides useful guide to education planners on the actual cost involved in producing a graduate at any level of education. It indeed, gives an insight into the pattern of educational expenditures. Cost analysis is often used to identify possible cost reduction. The need for cost reducing measures and more generally for policies towards cost effectiveness. This is necessary as the private cost of education is likely to be the lowest in municipal schools as the local government bears the entire cost of education and the highest in private-unaided schools. The next logical step is to ascertain whether the academic achievement of students differs on the basis of school types after adjusting for students' private cost of education per annum. This is essential so as to find out whether it is the private cost of education per annum incurred by the student or the characteristics of the school and the classroom processes matter and make the difference in the academic achievement of the students.

Organizational health refers to an organization's ability to achieve its goals based on an environment that seeks to improve organizational performance and support student and employee well-being. Organizational health is conceptualized in terms of three levels, namely, the technical, managerial, and institutional which combine to create a healthy school. The present study identified three categories of schools based on school types by management. These categories are private-aided schools, private-unaided schools and municipal schools. These three types of schools are then compared on the seven dimensions of Organizational Health Inventory (OHI). The present paper attempts to analyse whether the (a) school organizational health and (b) academic achievement of students differs on the basis of school types, viz., private-unaided, private-aided, and municipal schools in Greater Mumbai after adjusting for school organizational health. The investigation has adopted the descriptive method of the causal-comparative type and is synchronic in nature. The sample included 1209 students from standard X from English medium schools situated in Greater Mumbai. The study found that the Mean school organizational health was the highest in private-aided schools followed by private unaided schools and municipal schools in that order. The Mean academic achievement of students from municipal schools is significantly less than those from private-aided and private-unaided schools. 3.33% of the variance in the academic achievement of students is accounted for by school types. However, the Mean academic achievement of students from municipal schools is the highest after adjusting for school organizational health. 0.80% of the variance in the academic achievement of students is accounted for by school types after adjusting for school organizational health.