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The present paper studied the various issues and challenges of student's assessment that has been faced by college teachers and students of Kashmir division during COVID-19 Pandemic. Assessment is the major aspect of the education system. The student assessment is the act of evaluating student's abilities and achievements. It is ongoing process and integral part of the teaching and learning process. The teacher makes judgments about the students learning or to determine student's interest through assessment. It helps the teacher to reflect on each student's level of achievement as well as to customize their teaching plans accordingly. After COVID-19 Pandemic the student assessment has been shifted more to the online assessment. The teachers have faced lot of issues due to lack of access of internet and technology. In every sphere of education there is a great impact of technology on the students learning that has been done after COVID-19. The present study was descriptive- survey based study. Both primary and secondary sources of data were collected. For the secondary sources of data the investigator had reviewed various national and international papers related with the present study. The sample comprised of 400 college students and 400 teachers from various degree colleges of Kashmir Division. Self- developed interview schedule and self-constructed were used for the data collection. The investigator has conducted a group interview of 10 college's students and 10 teachers separately that constituted of 80 interviews. On the bases of these 80 group interviews the researcher developed themes of all interviews and analyzed all these into specific themes. The investigator suggested some recommendations for improving the better assessment of students through remote learning. The study indicated that there are major six challenges in the context of online assessment i.e., lack of internet connection, language problem, parental attitude, mental disturbance, heavy work load and inaccessibility of smarts phones.

The present study was carried out for investigating teacher's morale of rural and urban secondary school teachers. Two research objectives and one null hypothesis guided the present study. 120 secondary school teachers have been selected randomly from ten secondary schools of Kulgam and Srinagar districts (J&K). Jamal & Raheem's Teachers' Morale Scale (2013) is a standardized tool adapted to obtain the required data. Percentage and t-test were used for analyzing the data. The findings of the study reported that urban secondary school teachers have comparatively high teachers' morale than rural secondary school teachers.

It is important to enhance meta-cognitive skills that control one's learning process to acquire a desired level of learning. Students with good meta-cognitive skills can concentrate his or her attention on learning unit; make a contrast between essential and irrelevant information; use the strategies that are effective to keep the information and recall it when needed. Even students can change their metacognitive skills as the learning is completed. The present study was undertaken to study the metacognitive skills of undergraduate students of kashmir valley. The sample consisted of 600 undergraduate students that were selected through random sampling technique. Meta-Cognitive Skills Scale developed by Gupta, M. & Suman (2017) was used. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data. The results revealed that there was a significant difference betweeen male and female undergarduate students of kashmir valley. The results further stated that first generation and non-first generation students showed significant difference on certain dimensions of meta-cognitive skills.

The study aimed to study the internet usage gap between rural and urban 10th class students and its influence on their academic achievement. 240 rural-urban 10th class students were selected randomly in which half of the students came from rural secondary schools and half were taken from urban secondary schools. Information blank was used to identify rural & urban internet user secondary school students. Academic achievement had been measured by the academic marks secured by sample subjects in their previous examination conducted by JKBOSE. Mean, percentage and t-test were employed for statistical analysis. The results confirmed that urban 10th class internet user students had high academic achievement grades than rural 10th class internet user students.

Swami Vivekananda, the great Indian legend who is known as mystic, philosopher, educationist and Yogic saint. He is recognised for his contribution in spreading the philosophy of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world. He has made India proud when he gave his speech in 'Parliament of Religion' in Chicago USA in 1893. He has a firm belief that the development of any nation is dependent upon the development of its people and the role of education should strictly follow the path of human development to its fullest extent. The advocated various aims of education which goes from individual to social to universal levels. The curriculum he advocated is also a reflection of his philosophy which has a direct link with the self development, capacity building and universal development. His methods of instruction are purely based on Western and Indian philosophies. He has also devoted a special space to Teacher and a separate space to the student as well. In his educational philosophy, he has given much stress to women education, peace education and moral and value education.

Good quality pre-schooling makes a distinction for our students at large, and students are balanced to profit than ever before. To really lay the groundwork for higher education and profession readiness, the education in pre-school years receive must be reliable with and coupled to early elementary schooling with more focus on developmental needs, and efforts to prepare the future citizen for potential success as vigorous, fruitful, affianced citizen. Recent research suggest that the better way to tackle disparity, poverty and misdemeanour is early childhood education which includes sensitization of parents and community as a whole. Pre-school education helps to develop a firm base for lifelong learning and can play an important role in the development of child. Making sure all children start on an equal footing can also alleviate social discrimination. It is thus vital to endorse continued financial support to maintain the expansion and excellence of pre-school education programmes. This present paper highlights all concerned issues of ECCE and recommendations are also given.