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The purpose of this research is to understand and make sense of bureaucracy from the perspective of vice principals. In this research, both positive and negative meanings of bureaucracy were determined. Differences occurred between the Weberian bureaucracy perspective and the results of the research. Bureaucracy was also found to influence both the vice principals and schools. At this point, school administrators' attitudes were determinant. Considering the difference between Weberian bureaucracy and the findings of the current research, a new bureaucracy model can be created thanks to further research.

The study aims to examine the reflection of social media on school administration. The findings demonstrated that social media is a tool which provides fast communication; enables internal and external, formal and informal works to be carried out more effectively and easily. School administrators prefer social media compared to previous periods because it provides both faster and easier execution of work and savings. Structural and technical regulations are needed to use social media more effectively in school administration. Further research can be conducted by taking into account the stakeholders adopting different methods.

Technology increases its impact in every aspect of life. Because technology is a multidimensional concept, it can be defined in different ways. Simsek & Akin (2013) define the concept as the whole of the techniques that people use in their interaction with their environment. Technology has an impact on education as in other fields. Filho, Manolas & Pace (2008) state that the use of technology in education is necessary for sustainable development. For the desired development in education, school administrators, who are responsible for managing the school, are expected to benefit from technology while performing their duties. School administrators can benefit from technology for various purposes. Among these purposes, administration works, education and training, that is, student-centered works, making plans and programs (Makewa, Meremo, Role & Role, 2013; Page-Jones, 2008; Xiong & Lim, 2015); providing opportunities for teachers to benefit from technological applications (Kiziltepe-Ayhan, 2017); development and evaluation, support, encouragement, planning and supervision, ethics and safety issues (Baykara, 2018; Gökoglu, 2014). When the literature on the subject is scanned, it is seen that technology is predominantly evaluated in the context of leadership and student success (Aktas, 2018; Baykara, 2018; Engür, 2014; Gökoglu, 2014; Gürkan, 2017; Güven, 2015; Kiziltepe-Ayhan, 2017; Scale, 2014; Prokopiadou, 2011; Ulukaya, 2018; Weng, Tang, 2014; Yilmaz, 2018). It is thought that the current research will contribute to the field by examining the technology-school management relationship in terms of various electronic applications. The aim of this research is to understand the effect of electronic applications on school management and administrators. The research was conducted in the qualitative research method and case study pattern. 15 school administrators participated in the research. Data were collected through interviews. In the research, it is seen that electronic applications, which have been used in the Turkish Education System especially after 2007, have contributed a lot to school administrators. Among these, it can be stated that it contributes to the faster and more comfortable work, saves time and documents, facilitates accessing and archiving information, and speeds up communication. It is understood that infrastructure such as the internet, computers, and the ability of managers to use technology are sufficient to achieve the specified benefits. Although electronic applications are used, it is understood that there are situations where previous applications should be used, albeit limited. However, there are also shortcomings of the applications such as not updating the trainings over time and having factors that reduce motivation. The interaction of electronic applications with the education system makes itself felt both formally and informally. It is understood that it has transformed the bureaucratic structure, which is identified with paperwork, workload and work intensity, in a way that will please the employees. In addition, it is among the positive reflections that it contributes to organizational memory by providing easy access to the desired information at all times. The provision of all these benefits is not only possible with electronic applications determined by the senior management. In addition, school administrators benefit from the applications they use in their daily lives while performing their duties. In this way, time and communication-based gains can be achieved. Based on the data, the following can be recommended for practitioners: Electronic applications can be updated. Based on the update, periodic trainings can be given to increase the ability of school administrators to use these applications and to increase their knowledge on how to use the system. For researchers, the following can be suggested: More comprehensive research can be conducted based on new applications that may arise due to the increasingly intense use of electronic applications. Research can be done to include teachers.

Development-education interaction can be seen clearly in development plans. This study aims at making inferences about educational administration from the educational sections of the development plans in Turkey since 1963. This study was carried out with a qualitative research method. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis approach. In this study, 11 development plans prepared since 1963 in Turkey were analyzed in terms of educational administration. Special expert commission reports prepared for development plans are included in the analysis. It was seen that the following points come to the fore in the context of educational administration: MoNE-based organization should be reviewed. The administrative processes should be implemented more effectively. Educational administration-environment interaction should increasingly be maintained. Arrangements should be made for the development and duties of educational administrators. For researchers, it can be recommended to conduct studies with different methods and studies on the problems between planning and implementation related to educational administration. For practitioners, it can be recommended to include educational administration experts in the planning process more and effectively, and include them in education plans more.

The aim of this research is to examine the National Education Councils (NECs) in the context of school management and to reveal the NECs' reflections on today's education system. The documents within the scope of the study (19 NECs and 14 official documents) were analyzed through descriptive analysis. As a result of the analysis, decisions regarding school administration were made in 12 of the councils. In addition, 4 dimensions came to the fore in terms of school administration. These are (i) personal rights, (ii) training needs, (iii) duties and responsibilities, and (iv) management style. According to the research findings, decisions regarding school administration have important reflections on today's education system. Therefore, NECs can be considered as an implementation of governance and educational planning. As a result, it will be beneficial to continue the NECs to effectively solve the problems of today's education system with the participation of stakeholders.

Organizations aim at achieving their objectives with their personnel. One of the personnel of a school, which is also an organization, is the assistant principal. Assistant principals are the personnel managing the school with the school principal. This study aims at presenting how assistant principals interpret their roles and jobs in managing the school by considering Henry Mintzberg's opinions on the roles and jobs of managers. This study was carried out with a qualitative research method and phenomenological pattern. The data resource of this study was the interview. Twenty assistant principals participated in this study. There were two themes as a result of this study. These are the roles and jobs of assistant principals. Assistant principals have many roles and jobs in the school that are interrelated and complementary. These are bureaucratic and they affect education. However, this is not something that assistant principals want. In addition to this, it was seen that the data collected from this study and the opinions of Henry Mintzberg generally supported each other. The main reason for not supporting each other is thought to be the scope of the current study. The last section of this study included recommendations.

Teacher candidate education is an important stage in the education system. In this research, it was aimed to reveal teacher candidates from the perspective of school administrators. In the research, phenomenological design, a qualitative research method, was used. The participants of the study were ten school administrators who work in state schools. Criterion sampling and chain sampling were adopted. Interviews, observations and documents were used as data sources. Descriptive analysis was used for data analysis. In the reliability-validity phase of the research, data diversity, extensive field work, external audit and direct quotation strategies were used. According to the research data, three themes emerged. These were thoughts on teacher candidate, effect of environmental factor on teacher candidates, effect of school administration on training teacher candidates. In the last part of the research, suggestions for both practitioners and researchers were presented.

The purpose of this study is to examine the social activities in Turkish Education System from the viewpoint of the school administrators. Qualitative method and case study design were conducted in the study. The sample of the study is composed of 10 school administrators, who were selected through convenience sampling and snowball sampling. Data were collected through the semistructured interview form, observations, and document analysis. Descriptive analysis technique was used to analyze the data. According to the findings of the research, the participants evaluated the social activity as the activities that affect the environment and the students and are desired to affect them and stated that all the stakeholders take on the responsibility for this purpose. The main factor in the quantitative and qualitative differentiation of social activities in schools is the perspective of the school staff who direct and manage these activities. Social activities regulations are generally simple in terms of language and have a structure that facilitates work. Based on the results obtained, it can be suggested to make a regulation that brings a separate lesson time to the club work in the legislation and to carry out the studies that examine the subject from the perspective of the other stakeholders who contribute to education.

The recent increase in the number of universities in Turkey has sped up the transition of teachers who receive graduate education to the academia. However, this rapid transition brought a variety of problems. The present study focused on the academics' experiences regarding the transition from teaching to the academia from a holistic perspective. The qualitative research method and the phenomenological design were employed in the study. The participants were seven academics who passed to the academia from a teaching career. Convenient sampling and snowball sampling were used in the selection of the participants. The research data were gathered through an interview form. An audio-recorder was used not to lose data during the interviews. In the analysis of the data, the descriptive analysis technique was employed. As for the reliability and validity of the study, data triangulation, external revision, direct quotations and referee evaluation were put into practice. Three themes were revealed as a result of the data analysis. These themes were the teaching profession and process, graduate education process and the process of becoming an academic. The findings of the study are as follows: The teaching profession was practiced willingly and with a human-oriented approach. Teaching was seen as a way of serving the society through students. Graduate education was regarded as a difficult process, but expectations overcame the difficulties. Since the participants had to work as a teacher and learn as an undergraduate student at the same time could be challenging both financially and psychologically. Academicianship was perceived as a place for critical and scientific thinking. The transition to the academia was followed by the efforts to adapt to the new institutional and physical environment. Based on the study, it can be suggested that the teaching profession should be made more development-oriented through graduate education, and legal regulations should be made to ease the bureaucratic difficulties teachers experience while receiving graduate education.

In this study, family attitudes and behaviours, along with educational factors during school years, which are believed to have an effect on the development of leadership, are researched. In the study, the qualitative research method and phenomenological model have been applied. The participants were identified as one female and one male student by means of the snowball and convenience sampling methods. In the study, two fundamental factors, namely the familial and educational factors, were determined as supporting the development of leadership in students. In this context, it was observed that families had a democratic attitude towards their children, that they displayed supportive behaviour towards them, and that they gave them guidance in a healthy communicative environment. As for in schools, it was observed that teachers gave the students duties in educational, social and sporting exercises and that they encouraged them to take part in various activities.

Change is a growing phenomenon in the era we live. The issue of change has been one of the topics of interest in the field of administration. In general, change refers to transfer from the present situation to another situation and differentiation. Implementations related to the change also affect today's education systems. School administrators, primarily, can be shown responsible for the implementation of changes in educational institutions. The purpose of this research is to understand how the change in educational institutions is assessed in the school administrator and the environment context. The participants of the research are 12 administrators who are determined among the administrators of educational institutions working in the central districts of Konya province (Karatay, Meram, Selçuklu) and from different socio-economic districts and in the spring term of 2015-2016 academic year. During the publication phase, the interviews are reviewed and the participants' approval for publication is asked. This study has been carried out within the framework of phenomenological design and the qualitative case sampling is preferred among from purposeful sampling methods. In the analysis of the data, descriptive analysis technique is used. As a result of the research, it is understood that the school administrators have adopted the phenomenon of change and have taken this fact into account in their work. It is understood that making new arrangements in the existing structure will be reflected positively in the school and that the surrounding area should also be taken into consideration.

This study sought to provide an understanding of the sources of work intensification and its effects on assistant principals in Turkey, and the coping strategies they use. The participants of this qualitative study were a sample of 18 assistant principals. The current qualitative study was based on semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed through descriptive and content analysis. This study revealed that assistant principals had work intensification related to heavy paperwork, a variety of administrative affairs, a variety of tasks, school size, and lack of experience. Assistant principals' work intensification caused negative psychological and physical health, work-family conflict, limited social relationships, and a decrease in professional commitment. Assistant principals spent time with their families, engaged in task sharing, received support from colleagues, took part in various social events, planned work habits and managed priorities to reduce the negative effects of work intensification.