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Objective: To explore the clinical effect of single-direction uniportal thoracoscopic pilmonary lobectomy. Methods: To select 60 patients with early non-small cell lung cancer who were treated in our hospital from April 2018 to January 2022, and divide them into observation group and control group according to different surgical methods, with 30 cases in each group. single-direction uniportal thoracoscopic pilmonary lobectomy was performed in the observation group and uniportal thoracoscopic pilmonary lobectomy was performed in the control group. Compare the two groups of surgery related indicators, postoperative pain, lung function, inflammatory factors and complications. Results: There was no significant difference in the number of lymph node dissections and thoracic drainage between the two groups of patients (P＞0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stay in the observation group were less than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The visual analogue scale (VAS) of the two groups of patients before operation was not statistically significant (P＜0.05). The VAS of the two groups increased at 1 d and 3 d after surgery. VAS decreased on the 7th day,and the difference was significant (P＜0.05). The VAS of the observation group was lower than that of the control group at 1 and 3 days af ter operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). There was no difference in forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC in the two groups before surgery. The two groups of patients were 1m and 3m FEV1after surgery,FVC, FEV1/FVC first decreased and then increased, the difference was significant (P＜0.05). The preoperative C-reactive protein (CPR), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were not significant in the two groups (P＞0.05). Postoperative 1 d, 3 d CPR,TNF-α, IL-6 were first decreased and then increased (P＜0.05), and patients 1 d, 3 d CPR, TNF-α, IL-6 were lower than the control group (P＜0.05), and the 1 d and 3 d CPR, TNF-α and IL-6 of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, the difference was significant (P＜0.05). There was no difference in complications between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Single-direction uniportal thoracoscopic pilmonary lobectomy can shorten the operation time, reduce intraoperative bleeding, reduce postoperative pain, reduce inflammatory factors, and accelerate recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]