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Between March 28 and June 1, 2022, Shanghai imposed lockdowns under the zero-COVID policy, which caused Shanghai residents to lack access to adequate food. The present study examined the relationship between temporary food insecurity, social capital, and mental health during the lockdowns. We conducted a quota sampling survey in April 2022, in which data of 1,064 respondents, aged 18–79 years, were used to estimate a mediated moderation model. The results show that temporary food insecurity predicted poor self-rated health and high depression levels. Both offline and online social capital positively related to self-rated health but negatively related to depression. When faced with severe food insecurity, people with high offline social capital maintained better self-rated health, whereas those with high online social capital were not immune to depression. The mediation effects of participation in voluntary activities on the relationship between social capital and mental health were not confirmed. Temporary food insecurity during the lockdowns resulted in detrimental outcomes to Shanghai residents’ health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid increase in the global human population, particularly in Low-Income Food Deficit Countries (LIFDCs), causes severe food shortages. Food shortages are complex and can be linked to economic, environmental, social, and political variables. Harnessing village chicken products serves as a cheap commercial chicken substitute to address food shortages. The consumption and sales of protein products from village chickens, such as meat, eggs, and internal organs, ensures food security and poverty alleviation in limited-resource communities. However, village chickens have poor-quality end products due to poor management and animal-rearing resources. Village chicken production challenges include the absence of high-quality feed, biosecurity, recordkeeping, housing, and commercial marketing of its end products. Management being based on cultural gender roles instead of the possession of formal poultry management training further limits village chicken production. To improve village chicken end-product quality, poultry management trainings for rural women are suggested due to studies showing that women mainly manage village chicken production. Furthermore, to create a formal market share of village chickens, sensory evaluations need to be conducted using mainstream poultry consumers. This review examined the potential contribution of village chickens in achieving Sustainable Development Goals—one, No Poverty and two, Zero Hunger—to benefit vulnerable groups in resource-poor communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on county-level grain production and food security in North China; selects 17 indicators from both climatic conditions and human activities; applies yield fluctuation coefficients, spatial econometric modelling, the random forest method, and factor analysis to study the characteristics of grain production in North China and the influencing factors; and evaluates the situation of food security in North China based on grain production capacity. The following results were obtained: (1) The spatial and temporal changes in grain production located in North China from 2000 to 2020 are obvious. The grain output in North China from 2000 to 2020 maintains fluctuating growth at a rate of 0.38 × 1011 kg/10a. The east and south are the key areas for grain production in North China. Grain output was relatively stable except for 2003. with the cold spots of grain production being mainly in the northwestern area and the hot spots in the central and southern areas. (2) The changes in grain production in North China from 2000 to 2020 were less affected by climate and mainly influenced by human activity indicators. (3) As time progresses, the area of food shortage zones decreases in size, becoming evenly distributed and dispersed from the initial concentration in northern Hebei and most of Shanxi; the change in the supply–demand equilibrium zones is not obvious; and the area of surplus grain zones increases markedly in size, with a tendency to expand from the south and centre of the study area to the west and north. The grain production capacity of counties in the northwest and north is generally low, and even counties located in surplus grain areas have potential food security risks. However, in the east and south, due to their high grain production capacity, the per capita grain supply situation may be alleviated even in counties located in grain shortage areas. This study can deepen the understanding of the characteristics of food production in North China and enrich the research on food security. Analyses of factors influencing food production will improve a deeper understanding of food security. Food security evaluation based on food production capacity will contribute to a more precise and comprehensive understanding of the food security pattern in North China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Bangladesh, vulnerable groups including women and food security are severely impacted by climate change. Due to their lack of means for unequal climate adaptation, the impoverished and marginalized in developing countries are more exposed and vulnerable. This research study looks at how Bangladesh's food security and the status of disadvantaged women are affected by climate change. Gender-based vulnerability is rising as a result of expanding catastrophe consequences, such as decreased agricultural productivity, rising costs, joblessness, food insecurity, post-hazardous illnesses, etc., according to the literature review findings. The assessment highlights the significant risks that climate change poses to Bangladesh's food security and vulnerable women, including increased susceptibility to food shortages and post-disaster issues, given that women in Bangladesh are more susceptible to these issues due to their social, economic, and political circumstances. The literature review demonstrates that disadvantaged groups, particularly women, are negatively impacted by climate change. Profound policy implications should propose for enhancing system performance, coordinating regional agricultural output, and fortifying resistance to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread destruction and the devastating humanitarian toll caused by the ongoing war on Gaza have transformed this besieged Strip into a place of death and despair. This review will explore the implications of this war for food security, focusing on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2, which seeks to fight malnutrition and food insecurity and achieve zero hunger by 2030. This work is based on a review of grey literature, such as reports from government and nongovernmental agencies, as well as recent scientific journal publications. Our results show that the ongoing war on Gaza has exacerbated the already acute food insecurity that Gazans have been struggling with since the blockade was imposed in 2007. Restless bombardment and ground operations have damaged or even razed agricultural land and all food production infrastructure (such as bakeries, mills, and food processing facilities), destroying Gaza's food system. Facing catastrophic levels of hunger, some families, especially in northern Gaza have recently been resorting to eating animal feed and weeds to survive. With the starvation of civilians being used as a method of warfare, many experts and human rights organizations argue that Gaza is now the world's worst hunger crisis and its population is on the verge of famine, if not already there. Moreover, this unprecedented humanitarian crisis in Gaza could have significant consequences on global food security in its six pillars, jeopardizing the implementation of SDG 2. While international organizations are making efforts to mitigate the catastrophic food shortage and famine, more comprehensive and sustainable solutions are needed to address the root causes of food insecurity in Gaza and ensure that all residents have access to an adequate and nutritious diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brigandage in Nigeria has been examined from various dimensions. However, little has been done about the effects that crime has on food security. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of brigandage on food security, with a focus on the Nahuche community in Zamfara State. The study was premised on the theory of routine activities. An exploratory research design was adopted for the study. Data were elicited from farmers, and traders using semi-structured interviews, and thereafter subjected to thematic analysis. A purposive sampling technique was adopted in the selection of respondents for the study. Findings show that brigandage was intense in the study area. Farmers were attacked and kidnapped from their farms for ransom, resulting in the abandonment of farmlands. It was also found that farmers were forced to pay harvest fees to the brigands before they were allowed to harvest their crops. Consequently, a significant drop in farmers' output and the associated shortage of food were experienced in the community. The study concludes that brigandage caused food insecurity in Nahuche community that hitherto enjoyed food security. Regrettably, the security personnel seems to be overwhelmed as the crime continues to worsen. By implication, the community stands to experience food insecurity as long as brigandage persists. Among others, the study recommends that brigands be made to perceive the risk of apprehension as high through the intensification of law enforcement. Farmers and traders should avoid predictable daily routines that expose them to victimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Careful and focused decision-making in the food sector reduces the challenges threatening food systems' stability. Besides, it can optimally control any changes that result in food shortages. The present study aimed to identify identifiable factors' effects on food insecurity using a dynamic system with an emphasis on consumption behaviors. A dynamic model was developed to understand the long-term interaction between individual characteristics, average cost, average income, and hygiene status, and a dynamic model was then validated and operationalized among 1,000 Alborz Province's households randomly using a questionnaire. The base scenario for predicting food insecurity changes revealed that food insecurity had increased over ten years, resulting in changes in social and economic status and vulnerability of urban society. Four additional scenarios indicated that the average cost and income could directly affect the food insecurity status in Iran by indirectly influencing policies to increase food security, health, and hygiene. Individual characteristics and food security also influence food insecurity and reinforce the relationship between these variables. The study revealed that dynamic systems modeling could be a valuable tool for assessing food insecurity policies and their factors in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-Health is an umbrella term that integrates the health of the environment, humans and non-human animals. This approach is applied here to elucidate the impact of non-native invasive species on aquaculture and food security. Despite inherent biases against these species, a better understanding of their characteristics allows for the identification of those of greatest concern, minimizing the risk of food shortages and infectious diseases. This review summarises the positive and negative impacts of non-native species, delineating the specific areas they may impact. Additionally, this review gives an insight to the expertise and stakeholders that would need to be included if a "One-Health" approach were to be implemented by policymakers to better control non-native species. Detailed examples illustrate the consequences of non-native species on trophic dynamics, ecosystem health, water chemistry, and human health, emphasizing the importance of managing them within a multidimensional framework. The "One-Health" approach is explained, and suggestions are made on how certain non-native species could be used to contribute to food security in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, recommendations are made to promote a more inclusive management strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined how data mining may analyse food security data and anticipate community activity constraints. Studies have shown that IRCA measures interrupt agricultural operations, diminish crop yields, risk food shortages, raise food costs, increase food poverty, and deplete nutrients. Data mining can handle huge, complicated information, find hidden patterns and relationships, and anticipate food security outcomes. These enable evidence-based decision-making and proactive actions. However, challenges related to data quality, biases, and reliance on historical data must be addressed. Future directions include integrating real-time data sources, such as satellite imagery and social media data, to capture timely information. Additionally, advanced analytics techniques like deep learning and natural language processing can be utilized to analyze unstructured data. Overcoming challenges related to data integration, privacy concerns, interpretability, and transparency will enhance the effectiveness of data mining. In summary, this analysis highlighted the significance of data mining in analyzing food security and predicting the impact of IRCA measures. By leveraging data mining's strengths and addressing its limitations, valuable insights can inform decision-making and promote resilient food systems. Advancements in real-time data integration and advanced analytics techniques hold promise for further enhancing the effectiveness of data mining in addressing food security challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the global food crisis and resulting food insecurity have made sustainable food supply a challenge for many countries, sparking global geopolitical competition. In regard to the geopolitization of food, this study proposes strategies to enhance food security. The model has been developed using grounded theory and data have been collected through interviews with 17 experts and review of 43 official reports and papers. Research findings reveal that food access has declined due to food shortages and unfair distribution in recent decades; as a result, food has become a source of competition and power struggles among countries. Therefore, food has been raised as a geopolitical issue. Changes such as the scarcity of water and soil resources, climate change, environmental degradation, insufficient investment in agriculture, and consumerism in societies have all contributed to the geopolitical importance of food worldwide. A number of strategies have been developed by countries in response to the geopolitization of food to improve their citizens' food security, including sustainable agriculture development, overseas cultivation, importing virtual water, reducing food waste, and diet modification. The success of these strategies, on the one hand, is influenced by the natural, human, technological, economic, political and military potentials of countries, and on the other hand, the conditions of the global environment. The most important achievements of the principled management of geopoliticization of food include enhancing food security, community health, reducing socio-cultural problems, improving political stability, reducing dependence on foreign countries, and preventing the destruction of natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic restrictions on access to food have brought on a food crisis in Russian-occupied territories. Blocking free access to food by occupation, economic pressure, reduced production and destruction of infrastructure risks social conflicts and escalating violence. Food shortages have led to deterioration of physical and economic health, increased mortality, social disorganisation and threats to personal security; many victims experience post-traumatic stress disorder. We draw comparisons with the Holodomor of 1933–4 and the Dutch Hongerwinter of 1944–5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: An individual's ability to obtain enough nutritious and healthy food to sustain a healthy lifestyle is a crucial indicator of food security. This study estimated food insecurity's prevalence and levels among parents/guardians of secondary school students in Basrah and describe its consequences. Materials and Methods: The Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) was implemented through a questionnaire survey to evaluate food insecurity. The relationship between financial factors, attitudes, and psychological impacts regarding food accessibility and affordability was studied in detail. The eight food insecurity questions' responses were measured using the Rasch model approach. Results: Two hundred and fifty-two parents/guardians took part in the survey. The prevalence of food insecurity was estimated as 24% (with a 95% confidence interval of 18.9%-29.8%). Around 50% of the parents/guardians stated that their typical income is middle-income. 28% of respondents reported having sufficient food but not their preferred choices, while 35% paired food shortage with financial instability, 32% could not afford nutritionally balanced meals, and 21% of the parents admitted to cut or skipped their meals to other family members. 21% of parents/guardians were affected by inadequate food supply during the COVID-19 pandemic. The level of food insecurity included that 50% of the respondents exhibited mild food insecurity, 19.4% had moderate food insecurity, and 4.3% were classified as having severe food insecurity. According to the Rasch analysis of the FIES data, the likelihood of experiencing severe food insecurity is linked to consuming unhealthy food, having food run out, and eating unbalanced meals. Conclusion: The study found that financial constraints, food safety concerns, and limited access to nutritious food explain the widespread food insecurity reported. Significant efforts are required to alleviate chronic food shortages in Basrah, including job creation, strengthening agricultural production, and implementing safety-net policies for affected families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite considerable literature on the worldwide socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, our knowledge of household coping mechanisms for water and food insecurity during the COVID-19 lockdown in developing countries is still limited. As a contribution towards this knowledge gap, this paper provides context-speci!c information on household water and food insecurity coping mechanisms in an urban setting in Uganda. The results indicate that over 90% of the respondents experienced water and food shortages and varying mechanisms were employed to cope with water and food insecurity at the household level. The results further indicate that water and food insecurity during COVID-19 had a devastating impact on women and girls as they bear a disproportionate brunt of water collection, hygiene, and family care. These burdens manifested in confrontations with security personnel, defying lockdown restrictions, increased domestic violence, early marriages, and high school drop-out rates. Accordingly, due to a lack of systematic efforts to ensure sustainable access to water and food among the urban poor, COVID-19 restrictions aimed at curbing the spread of the pandemic disadvantaged the most vulnerable sections of the population even more and reinforced existing socio-economic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A distant thunder reverberates across the world, echoing a deepening crisis that extends far beyond the realm of hunger. The global food crisis, with its multifaceted dimensions, strikes at the core of societies, politics, and ethics, exposing the complex interplay of forces shaping our modern world. This crisis, as depicted in Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay's evocative work Distant Thunder symbolizes the impending danger and urgency surrounding the issue of food shortage. This research paper therefore interrogates the hunger paradox and offers insights into the food crisis probing into food insecurity, socio-economic disparities, the intricate relationship between geopolitics and famine through a critical examination of how cultural representations depict relationships within and between human societies, exploring these connections any ways in which these interactions influence and are influenced by the social relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global food production and security are current challenges. This is reflected, among other things, in the fact that more than 690 million people suffer from hunger or food shortages. The availability of nutritious food is critical for disease control and immune function. In this context, urban agriculture is promoted as a way to ensure access to food, which has developed due to rising prices, food shortages and urban growth. However, there is a lack of in-depth knowledge on the impacts as well as barriers to implementation. Therefore, this study investigates vegetable consumption patterns in the metropolitan city of Mendoza in Argentina, as well as interest in vegetable production, opinions on urban agriculture and barriers. Quantitative research methods were used, and a citizen survey was conducted. The data was analysed using SPSS software and correlations were determined using chi-square. The results show strong interest from citizen in urban agriculture, but also barriers such as lack of time and resources. Successful implementation requires initiative, political will, and acceptance. The results are consistent with other studies and could be further explored in longitudinal studies to assess effectiveness. This is helpful given the importance of urban agriculture and vegetable consumption for sustainable food production and supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the Second World War on food insecurity in Africa have gained scholarly attention over the past few years; however, there have been no comprehensive attempts to provide historical evidence and analyze the experience of food insecurity in the colonial territories that later transformed into Southern Nigeria. This article fills this gap in research and argues that the demands of the British colonial government for food supplies, along with other policies geared toward agricultural regulation such as the Pullen Scheme, led to such inflation of food prices in urban centers that rural producers could not meet the demand for foodstuffs. The resulting food shortage triggered reactions from indigenous peoples, particularly market women in the southern and eastern provinces of colonial Nigeria. The article supports its arguments using a combination of sources from the Nigerian National Archives, newspaper reports, and peer-reviewed journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health of farm owners and farmworkers has significant impacts on farm businesses, farming families, and local rural communities where agriculture is an important driver of social and economic activity. Rural residents and farmworkers have higher rates of food insecurity, but little is known about food insecurity among farm owners and the collective experiences of farm owners and farmworkers. Researchers and public health practitioners have stressed the need for policies that target the health and well-being of farm owners and farmworkers while remaining sensitive to the nature of life on the farm, yet farm owner and farmworker lived experiences have been understudied, especially in relation to one another. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 farm owners and 18 farmworkers in Oregon. Modified grounded theory was used to analyze interview data. Data were coded using a three-stage process to identify salient core characteristics of food insecurity. Farm owner and farmworker meanings and interpretations of their food insecurity were often contradicted by evaluated food security scores using validated quantitative measures. According to such measures, 17 experienced high food security, 3 had marginal food security, and 11 had low food security, but narrative experiences suggested higher rates. Narrative experiences were categorized by core characteristics of food insecurity, including seasonal food shortages, resource stretching, working extended hours most days of the week, limited use of food assistance, and the tendency to downplay hardship. These unique factors have important implications for developing responsive policies and programs to support the health and well-being of farm livelihoods whose work enables health and well-being among consumers. Future studies to test the relationships between the core characteristics of food insecurity identified in this study and farm owner and farmworker meanings and interpretations of food insecurity, hunger, and nourishment are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land degradation, food and tenure insecurity are significant problems in the northern highlands of Ethiopia, particularly in the region known as the country's famine corridor. Addressing these twine issues in the region has become a focal point for both local and international organizations, underscoring the significance of preventive measures. Since 2000, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) has been implementing sustainable land management and certification programs. This study aims on households involved in these programs, specifically in Dessie Zuria and Kutaber Woredas, South Wello Zone (SWZ). The primary objectives of the research were to assess households' current food security status, identify factors influencing their food security, and classify coping and survival strategies employed by households during food shortages. Primary and secondary sources have been used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data were collected from surveyed households and analyzed USING SPSS software version 26, whereas qualitative data were transcribed, grouped, and interpreted in line with the aim of the research. Three food security models, namely the Household Food Balance Model, Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning, and Household Dietary Diversity Score, were employed to evaluate food security. Consequently, a significant percentage of the surveyed households, amounting to 88.3%, 35.6%, and 93.8%, were found to experience food insecurity according to the respective models. Rainfall shortages and variability, crop pests and diseases, shrinking farm plots, and land degradation are among the identified food security determinants. During dearth periods, households deploy a variety of coping and survival strategies. To mitigate food insecurity stemming from both natural and socio-economic factors, the research suggests several recommendations. These include advocating for tenure policy reforms by the GoE, and the local governments should promote the adoption of efficient land management practices, instituting a land certification system based on cadasters, encouraging family planning, boosting investments in education and literacy, raising awareness and providing training in climate-smart agriculture techniques, educating communities on optimal grain utilization, saving, trade, and storage methods, facilitating opportunities for income generation through off-farm and non-farm activities, and offering support for crop and livestock diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The erosion of riverbanks has a negative impact on many nations across the world, costing them land, buildings, food, fish, and other living things, which forces people to relocate. Both the frequency and severity of riverbank erosion are alarming in Bangladesh. In Zajira Upazila, a baseline investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of river erosion on the local availability of food. The results show how erosion threatens the majority of residents in the research territory. Additionally, as a consequence of the depletion of farmland brought on by the disaster and its effects, crop production is steadily dropping. Occasionally, people lose whole properties, leaving them with few employment options and little spending power. As a result, they are always in danger of experiencing a shortage of food. The suffering people use various coping strategies to deal with these challenging circumstances, such as shifting to cheaper or less appealing eating options. Despite the fact that local governing bodies have put in place various programs to help them, including food assistance and social protection programs, these are inadequate because of the government's constrained organizational assets and competence The study's findings will aid scientists and decision-makers in Bangladesh and abroad in better comprehending the requirements of vulnerable riverine populations and in designing programs that would increase those societies' food safety Therefore, these results imply that developing and implementing efficient rural development strategies could increase the food security of those residing in Bangladeshi regions threatened by riverbank erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pandemics as health and humanitarian crises have exerted traceable impacts on food security. Almost all past and current pandemics have created a food crisis that affects a share of the global population and threaten global food security. With the more frequent outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging diseases or pandemics, this paper looks at the various types of impacts from the current coronavirus crisis and past pandemics to identify their major impact on food security. Scope: To this effect, key strategies that could be put in place to ensure the efficient resilience of food systems before, during, and after the pandemics to mitigate the negative impact of the pandemics on global food security are recommended. The most recent effects of the current coronavirus crisis have been disruptions in the flow of farm labourers and inefficient farm operations leading to postharvest food losses. Key findings and conclusions: Modification of diets between social groups has also been observed. Future response orientations to prevent and mitigate the effects of pandemics on food security will consider pro-active and adapted policy, program, and institutional actions towards the systemic development of global food systems as an interconnected network. Highlights: • Before the 20thcentury hunger and illnesses might be traced to climatic changes. • The catastrophes in human history elicit various reactions – defence, reflection. • In the 19thcentury, lower quality of food further exacerbated the effects of famines. • Skills required for effectivemanagement of the flow of goods and services are in high demand. • Alternative food resources exist during pandemic and food shortage. • Strategizing to ensure food access and self-sufficiency during a pandemic is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to understand the role of elites in strengthening the relations of cooperation between Kuwait and Qatar in the pre-independence phase, which coincided with the rule of Sheikh Ahmed Al-Jaber Mubarak Al-Sabah (1885-1950) in Kuwait, and Sheikh Abdullah bin Jasim Al Thani in Qatar (1880-1957). ), through the study of a set of British correspondence and reports during the Second World War available on the Qatar Digital Library website, in addition to another set of unpublished commercial papers of one of the Qatari families, which were donated to the Qatar National Library. The study argued that food shortages and the food policies pursued by the British at the time of World War II had caused the building of trade alliances between the two emirates. On a larger scale, this study explored the nature of the relations between the merchants of Kuwait and Qatar and how they worked and merged with each other legally and illegally during the Second World War, this helps in drawing a picture of the societies of the Arab Gulf merchants in the pre-oil period. Also, this study is an addition to the history of the Arab Gulf region in the period of the first world economy (1815-1948), when capitalism developed, and the British Empire dominated. The study concluded that during the war period, Kuwaiti merchants played a crucial role in revitalizing Qatar’s economy during this period, and participated in the trade of smuggling supplies, and in creating what they are called “war riches.” Also, the study proved the importance of Kuwait in the Gulf economy during the so-called economy of the first globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In front of climate change and the threat of food shortages, organic farming is an answer to both challenges. On the one hand, organic farming protects and improves environmental conditions, and on the other hand, it can provide food for the entire planet. Of course, the organic farming system is difficult to apply, requiring both financial resources and consumer awareness. The current work aims to carry out an analysis of how organic agriculture has evolved in the counties of Constanța and Tulcea, as well as identifying some particularities at the level of the organic farm, from demand to obtaining and delivering production. The study deepened the situation of organic farming using both published data and information collected with the help of a questionnaire. From the study, it emerged that the two studied counties together own 24.1% of the area certified in the ecological agriculture system of our country, respectively Constanța 6.5% (17,651 ha) and Tulcea 17.6% (47,757 ha). The number of operators in the ecological system, in 2020, was 280 in Constanța County and 343 in Tulcea County respectively, holding a share of 2.5% and 3.1% respectively of the total per country. The analysis of ways to capitalize on organic production consisted of the assessment of capitalization, the existence of a capitalization plan and the possession of storage spaces, the commercialization of production in the country or for export. Thus, from the answers of the farmers it emerged that out of the 70 respondents, 18 (25.6 %) consider the exploitation of production to be an easy and medium easy activity, and 28 (40 %) consider it a heavy activity and 24 (34 %) as a very hard activity, of which 85% have higher education; out of the farms analyzed, 35 farms have production storage facilities, of which 32 have higher education; the destination of the production is 41.4% only in the country, 11.4% outside the country and 37.1% capitalize the production both in the country and outside the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of ensuring the food security of Ukraine and the countries of the European Union in the conditions of modern challenges and dangers in the context of substantiating the peculiarities of their legal regulation. The problems of ensuring food security in Ukraine and in the countries of the European Union became acute during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, significantly intensified under the influence of a full-scale war of russia against Ukraine in 2022 and threatened with the spread of global hunger. It has been established that the essence of food security lies in the creation by the state of favourable opportunities capable of ensuring proper conditions for the production of food products, the opportunity for the population to get food products, and their constant availability and stable supply. The main problems of ensuring food security in Ukraine and the European Union’s countries are outlined, in particular: (1) russia's war against Ukraine; (2) conducting active hostilities in agricultural territories; (3) blockade by the aggressor country of seaports and annexation of significant Ukrainian territories; (4) violation of established food trade mechanisms; (5) unbalancing food products supply chains; (6) growing shortage of food products and their prices on the European and international food market; (7) dependence of the countries of the European Union on the export of products from Ukraine and russia. The main measures to increase the level of food security are proposed, the most important of which are ending the war in Ukraine; consolidating the international community's efforts to unblock seaports in the Black Sea and ensuring the uninterrupted supply of food to the countries of the European Union; balancing European and international food markets and reducing the rate of spread of hunger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global crisis and climate change have resulted in severe food shortages worldwide. One of the solutions is self-farming by using smart farming technology. Smart and efficient agricultural production or smart farming using IoT sensors, big data, and cloud service has proven its value for a decade, but the effect depends on the agricultural environment of the country or society. Hence self-farming is likely the most feasible solution to avoid food scarcity. The smart farming system monitors and maintains essential growth parameters like light, temperature, and humidity to ensure maximum yield. In this paper, we propose a Smart Portable Farming Kit design, which is simple, lightweight, and durable to be placed indoors in an urban area. This prototype design uses the Internet of Things (IoT) based system for cultivating short-duration vegetables and mushrooms in an urban area with minimal user attention. The proposed design proved better than the traditional setup by increasing the mushroom yield. With Smart Portable Farming Kit, urban farming becomes a more viable alternative to increase food security, making oyster mushroom cultivation in the urban area easier and more profitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of commercial rice farming on peasants’ food security in the Usangu Plains between 1986 and the 2010s. It specifically analyses how commercialisation of rice farming has affected peasant’s food sovereignty/self-sufficiency from the mid-1980s. The study uses the political economy approach in explaining this relationship. Drawing from archival, oral and secondary sources, it examines how commercial rice farming affected food provision and security in the Usangu Plains. Besides, it provides an historical account of the commercialisation of rice farming, which was seen by the state as a viable strategy to agricultural development, and therefore food security to the nation and peasants. The study argues that the commercialisation of rice farming has not only negatively affected the food security of peasants—especially the poor—but has also led to their impoverishment and aggravated poverty. Impliedly, the feudal-capitalist system that geminated from this form of commercialisation has benefited few rich farmers and traders, leaving the majority poor into miseries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the complex debate surrounding the classification and response to severe food insecurity crises, particularly in Gaza and Sudan. It explores how the official criteria for declaring a famine, as set by the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), might delay critical aid because organizations and governments often wait for an official famine declaration before acting.

The study addressed flood-induced food insecurity and coping strategies in agrarian South-eastern Nigeria. Data were collected from 400 households in 8 communities. Food (in)security was measured using Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) and 92.8% households were found to be food insecure. The most adopted coping strategies were compromising food quantity and quality namely; skipping meals; reducing meal frequency and reducing meal portion size in descending order. The study revealed a gender-based disparity in coping strategies adopted between female- and male-headed households and this has been linked to income and asset poverty gaps including differential household food insecurity levels. The coping strategies adopted were self-devised strategies that provided short-term means of survival in times of food shortages. Thus, policy measures, such as social security and food safety nets that are sustainable are recommended to reduce vulnerability to flood-induced food insecurity, thereby improving adaptation to help achieve Goal 2 of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precision agriculture generally refers to the methods of crop, livestock and fish farming that are meant to eliminate or minimize uncertainty and maximize products with relative accuracy that matches predetermined expectations. Amidst these, the relevance of space assets such as satellites for remote sensing, navigation and communication in guaranteeing food security is increasingly gaining attention. This development cannot be ignored in Africa, a region that is infamously known as a hotspot of drought, famine, malnutrition and attendant death. Using a combination of post-colonial and modernization theories, this article examines the need for Africa to embrace, adopt and adapt space supported precision agriculture to address its enduring food production shortages and related insecurity. This study used a mixed-method to analyze data collected from secondary sources. Despite the involvement of over 50% of the population in agriculture, most African countries have a poor record of food production, because they rely on smallholdings with little technological support, making them vulnerable to food insecurity. Hence, there is an overriding need to adopt modern techniques, such as space supported precision agriculture that are relevant to overcome the challenges that continue to undermine food production capacities and potentials of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid global urbanisation has seen a growing number of urban poor who lack natural endowments to cope with food shortages. Broadening their safety nets merits urgent political attention but requires understanding their profiles. A survey among 88 urban poor in Benin found that they had low educational and income levels, overcrowded and unsanitary housing conditions, and limited access to social services and health facilities; 76 per cent of them were food insecure, influenced by city, gender, ownership of a motorbike, and access to health facilities. Engaging them in allotment gardens requires farming skills, financial capital, and safety issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the crisis of food and energy shortage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is emergently important to emphasize food waste prevention in the tourism and hospitality industry because people around the world have started traveling in the post-pandemic era. Based on norm activation model and individualism-collectivism, this study proposes a perspective of religious beliefs to conceptualize divine awareness (i.e. divine retribution and divine rewards) and environmental awareness (i.e. resource scarcity and eco-friendly) on the formation of food waste prevention practices. A total of 571 samples from Taiwan and 483 samples from the United States was collected. Both countries showed that religious beliefs improved divine retribution, divine rewards, and religious food waste prevention practices. Divine rewards enhanced tourists' awareness of resource scarcity and eco-friendly, and resource scarcity led to religious food waste prevention practices. Interestingly, the effects of divine retribution on resource scarcity and eco-friendly were significant only in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 pandemic brought negative effects on the global economy, which led to food shortage. Also, the prevention of online food loss throughout the supply chain, including donors and manufacturers, has become a major challenge for a number of organizations. In the light of these challenges, there is a concern in the production, processing, demand, and distribution of food. To address this issue, there is need for reliable and robust tools that traces food throughout the supply chain from the donor to the consumer, thus, ensuring transparency. This study investigates the existing system method of food distribution in Nigerian, and proposed a model for food distribution using blockchain technology. The result showed that blockchain technology can be adopted in food chain distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Statistics highlight the importance of Ukraine to world food security and the immediate effects of Russia's war. The essence of food security and the reasons behind shortage of food in the poorest countries of the world are considered against the backdrop of the disruption of Ukraine's grain exports. Recommendations are offered to prevent the present crisis in Ukraine descending into a global food crisis: these include adaptation of the established mechanism of coordination to resume exports; support for Ukrainian producers; continued close relationship with states that provide humanitarian, financial, and political support; and, best of all, cessation of Russian aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household food insecurity is gradually being acknowledged as a public health issue in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the actions that food insecure households take in a food crisis. We used ordered probit, count data, and Tobit models to investigate the drivers of food insecurity and the extent of household food coping mechanisms in the face of food deficit. The food consumption score and food insecurity experience scale indicators were used to measure food insecurity in Northern Ghana, while the coping strategy index was used to estimate the extent of food coping mechanisms in the midst of food shortfall. The primary coping techniques used by the sampled households included eating fewer favorite meals, lowering the number of meals eaten per day, and reducing the size of the meals eaten. The severity of a household's food insecurity status was determined by a variety of household demographic factors, asset accumulation and policy-driven factors. Households with a high number of assets, participation in non-farm activities, and access to extension services, used less approaches to overcome food shortages. Those with a large number of wards in school used more coping strategies during food shortages. Households should be encouraged to diversify their income sources, and create both capital and social assets in order to increase their resilience to food insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Business Administration Quarterly / Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiebiorstwie is the property of SGH Warsaw School of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relevance of the research has been substantiated. Russia is under unprecedented external pressure from a wide range of economic sanctions. The agricultural sector is particularly vulnerable in such conditions. In this connection, there is an objective need for a systematic analysis and forecasting of measures taken to protect the domestic food market.The article outlines the main directions of the state economic policy of the Russian Federation. The main factors influencing the rise in food prices have been identified. These factors include an increase in the cost of the production cycle of crops and livestock due to import dependence, disruption of supply chains, mandatory labeling of certain goods, an increase in the price of mineral fertilizers, an increase in electricity tariffs and packaging costs, the exhaustion of limits on preferential loans to agricultural producers, an increase in world prices for food products deterioration of natural and climatic conditions.The level of self-sufficiency in basic foodstuffs and the main factors of growth in food prices have been considered. In addition, food inflation in the Russian Federation has been studied.Particular attention is paid to the measures taken by the Government that will help stabilize prices for important agricultural products and thereby ensure the country's food security: a temporary ban on the export of sunflower and rapeseed seeds; a quota for deliveries abroad of sunflower oil and cake, as well as solid residues from sunflower seeds; limiting the number of checkpoints for the export of soybeans and soybean meal from Russia; introduction of duties on the export of sunflower meal and oilseed flax.The purpose of the research is to study the measures taken by the Government to protect the domestic food market and stabilize prices for important agricultural products, as well as to identify the main factors affecting the rise in food prices.This study was conducted using the methods of statistical analysis, synthesis, comparison and deductive method.

Droughts have severely affected Afghanistan over the last four decades, leading to critical food shortages where two-thirds of the country's population are in a food crisis. Long years of conflict have lowered the country's ability to deal with hazards such as drought which can rapidly escalate into disasters. Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of droughts is needed to be able to respond effectively to disasters and plan for future occurrences. This study used Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at monthly, seasonal and annual temporal scales to map the spatiotemporal change dynamics of drought characteristics (distribution, frequency, duration and severity) in Afghanistan. SPEI indices were mapped for river basins, disaggregated into 189 sub-catchments, using monthly precipitation and potential evapotranspiration derived from temperature station observations from 1980 to 2017. The results show these multi-dimensional drought characteristics vary along different years, change among sub-catchments, and differ across temporal scales. During the 38 years, the driest decade and period are 2000s and 1999–2022, respectively. The 2000–01 water year is the driest with the whole country experiencing 'severe' to 'extreme' drought, more than 53% (87 sub-catchments) suffering the worst drought in history, and about 58% (94 sub-catchments) having 'very frequent' drought (7 to 8 months) or 'extremely frequent' drought (9 to 10 months). The estimated seasonal duration and severity present significant variations across the study area and among the study period. The nation also suffers from recurring droughts with varying length and intensity in 2004, 2006, 2008 and most recently 2011. There is a trend towards increasing drought with longer duration and higher severity extending all over sub-catchments from southeast to north and central regions. These datasets and maps help to fill the knowledge gap on detailed sub-catchment scale meteorological drought characteristics in Afghanistan. The study findings improve our understanding of the influences of climate change on the drought dynamics and can guide catchment planning for reliable adaptation to and mitigation against future droughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is facing the global challenges of insecurity, poverty and climate change, which can impede food availability, production and nutritional security. Due to these factors, the production and availability of crop species such as legumes, pulses and cereals are declining, while some are gradually becoming extinct, which affects consumption. To meet global food demands, efforts should be geared towards promoting the cultivation and utilization of underexploited and neglected crops, which have the potential to improve food and nutrition security. However, the exploitation and utilization of crops mostly depend on existing knowledge. Therefore, this review gives an overview of the current knowledge regarding lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.), an underutilized legume that can serve as a promising potential food crop. While there are some studies on lima beans, they cannot compare to the abundance of studies on other legumes. It is essential to exploit the nutritional and health properties of this crop, as well as to explore processing techniques such as cooking, soaking, fermentation and germination for transforming them into other food forms. Despite the dearth of information on this crop compared to other legumes, there is a case for the promotion of lima beans, especially where there are incessant food shortages, as they will allow for dietary diversity. This is vital considering the vulnerability of world food systems, coupled with an ever-growing population, necessitating a focus on other neglected crops to improve food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water scarcity is a major challenge in the Sahel region of West Africa. Water scarcity in combination with prevalent soil degradation has severely reduced the land productivity in the region. The decrease in resiliency of food security systems of marginalized population has huge societal implications which often leads to mass migrations and conflicts. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and development organizations have made major investments in the Sahel to improve resilience through land rehabilitation activities in recent years. To help restore degraded lands at the farm level, the World Food Programme (WFP) with assistance from USAID's Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance supported the construction of water and soil retention structures called half-moons. The vegetation growing in the half-moons is vitally important to increase agricultural productivity and feed animals, a critical element of sustainable food security in the region. This paper investigates the effectiveness of interventions at 18 WFP sites in southern Niger using vegetative greenness observations from the Landsat 7 satellite. The pre - and post-intervention analysis shows that vegetation greenness after the half-moon intervention was nearly 50% higher than in the pre-intervention years. The vegetation in the intervened area was more than 25% greener than the nearby control area. Together, the results indicate that the half-moons are effective adaptations to the traditional land management systems to increase agricultural production in arid ecosystems, which is evident through improved vegetation conditions in southern Niger. The analysis shows that the improvement brought by the interventions continue to provide the benefits. Continued application of these adaptation techniques on a larger scale will increase agricultural production and build resilience to drought for subsistence farmers in West Africa. Quantifiable increase in efficacy of local-scale land and water management techniques, and the resulting jump in large-scale investments to scale similar efforts will help farmers enhance their resiliency in a sustainable manner will lead to a reduction in food security shortages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study sought to establish the effect of food shortage caused by displacement of farmers in Benue state and the support services offered by libraries during the emergency circumstances of displaced farmers in Nigeria and Benue State in particular. This study sought to establish the effect of food shortage in Benue state caused by displacement of farmers. The study proposes that libraries cannot afford to close down their services of providing information to the users about the plights of farmers and the effect of these crises on food shortage. During displacement, libraries can provide mobile services and relevant information sources that would satisfy the information needs of internally displaced farmers. The study findings established that food shortage in Benue State was as a result displacement of people who are mostly farmers. The study reviewed Strategies which librarians can adopt to remain relevant in the face of food shortage caused by displacement of farmers. Majority, of the studies were conducted in other fields, thus creating a gap in research of the role of librarians on this matter. We conclude that, while food systems were exempt, they were not immune to the fact that food shortage is caused by displacement, protecting food supplies should be a priority alongside the displacement of the farmers involved. Based on the findings, strategies such as Creation of sensitization, Use of Social media networks, engaging relevant stake holders, were identified as ways in which librarians can adopt to reach out to displaced farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insect consumption provides a solution to the issue of decreasing food security. Despite these benefits, their acceptance by some consumers as a source of human food remains the main obstacle to their consumption. The present study focuses on three locations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (provinces of Kinshasa, Grand Bandundu and Kongo Central) in a context of food shortage. We examined the socio-demographics, socio-cognitive (Theory of Planned Behaviour, TPB), determinants of intentions and insect consumption, and the additional contribution of emotional associations in a sample of 537 participants (mean age = 34.88, SD = 12.39, 47% females). There was a higher consumption in Kinshasa (M = 4.58; SD = 1.62) and in Grand Bandundu (M = 4.36; SD = 1.54), as compared with Kongo Central (M = 2.29; SD = 1.45). Greater insect consumption was associated with a lower education level, when living in Kinshasa or Kongo central, when attitudes, perceived control and intentions to consume were higher, and when participants experienced lower levels of fear and repulsion towards insects. The results provide insights to better understand the determinants of low consumption in Kongo Central. They also suggest that most TPB dimensions could be potential targets for future interventions that aim to increase insect consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses two books on the topic of food security. The first book, "The Paradox of Agrarian Change," focuses on Indonesia and examines the issues of inequity, nutritional insecurity, and ecological decline resulting from global market integration. The book argues that feeding and nutrition programs are not enough and that policy should address structural issues such as community access to and control over land. The second book, "Food Security," takes a neoliberal approach and discusses the key issues of availability, income, and productivity. However, the book is criticized for its focus on the Global North and its failure to address the challenges faced by peasant farmers in the Global South. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of addressing food security for the poor and marginalized, particularly women farmers, and suggests targeting them for access to resources such as land tenure and agricultural support services. [Extracted from the article]

Food insecurity is one of the rising problems in Bangladesh, and it is severely prevalent among informal migrant workers. In this case, the COVID‐19 pandemic has multiplied the food insecurity of informal migrant workers. This study explores and synthesizes the COVID‐19 induced food insecurity impact among informal migrants and recommends policy actions to tackle the COVID‐19 led food crisis in Bangladesh. A qualitative research approach, including in‐depth interviews, four FGDs, and participant observation, has been applied to data collection from different parts of Dhaka city. A thematic approach to interpretive phenomenological analysis is followed in this study. The results show that COVID‐19 induced lockdown significantly affects informal migrants' household food security. Most participants report severe complications due to food insecurity like consuming less food, price hiking, no fish or meat, potato, and vegetable. Food insecurity leads to migrant's chronic food shortage, starvation, malnutrition of mother and children, and unhealthy food. As a result, the way of life of informal migrants has been directed to more fragility and vulnerability during the pandemic; even they are not affordable to maintain a minimal level of family affairs and necessity. The findings of this study would be essential guidelines for the governmental and non‐governmental organizations and development practitioners to address the food insecurity situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the most characteristic trends in the area of fodder production and the use of fodder as factors in the development of animal husbandry in Ukraine under conditions of war as the modern challenge for these industries. Russian military aggression is a powerful challenge for the economy of Ukraine, including its fodder production, as well as other countries of the world, reflecting on the aggravation of global problems of food shortages and food security. The effect of the mentioned challenge in Ukraine is superimposed on the identified negative trends and situation, which were formed before the beginning of 2022. Calculations based on them show that the occupation of large areas of Ukraine by Russian aggressors and hostilities caused a significant decrease in the production of livestock products due to a 13–17% decrease in the number of animals. Accordingly, consumption of fodder at the expense of these regions decreased by 16%. However, the situation is very dynamic as the war continues. Given the limitations of state support for the industry, until the end of the war the main efforts to improve fodder production in Ukraine should objectively be related to the maximum optimization of the structure of fodder rations by increasing the share of less energy-intensive forages. Every challenge creates new opportunities, therefore the post-war development of fodder production and use in Ukraine will become highly innovative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of the international food crisis, many countries are paying more attention to food self-sufficiency to protect themselves from instability in the global food markets. Western Balkan region and the rest of the world are facing an array of challenges, including inflation and rising food prices. Recognizing the importance of producing sufficient food to cover a country's needs in circumstances of increasing risk of trade disruptions due to war or political tensions, this article aims to find the level of food self-sufficiency in the Western Balkan countries. The self-sufficiency ratio is calculated for different food groups and individual products over a 14-year period (2006–2019) based on the FAO data and calculation method. Also, using panel data, the impact of different factors—arable land, rural population, fertilizers efficiency, temperature change, precipitation, and GDP per capita change—on cereals self-sufficiency is estimated. Results showed that in the covered pre-crisis period, the Western Balkans achieved a satisfactory level of food self-sufficiency, suggesting that the region is ready to respond to future challenges. Four indicators positively and significantly affect cereal self-sufficiency: arable land, rural population, fertilizers efficiency and GDP per capita change, while one indicator—temperature change—had a negative and significant effect. This article can serve as a basis for post-crisis research on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper assesses the effect of land ownership on household food security through its productivity enhancement effect in rural Burkina Faso. Design/methodology/approach: As the link between land tenure security and productivity is indirect, the study relies on a complex mixed process regression model with robustness to assess the effect of land ownership on household productivity. Then, an instrumental variable (IV) approach is followed to investigate the association between household productivity and food security. The rural development program survey data collected from 1,892 households in 2017 are used. Findings: The complex mixed process estimation results are robust and show that land ownership has a positive effect on household productivity. From the IV results, it is found that productive households spend more on food, have a low share of expenditures on food and are less likely to experience severe food shortages, implying an improvement in their food security status. This highlights a positive association between land ownership and food security. Originality/value: Unlike previous studies that only focused on the effect of land ownership on land-related investments and agricultural productivity, this study deepens the analysis and sheds light on how land ownership, agricultural production and food security are related. It gives empirical evidence on the importance of land policies in the struggle against food insecurity in agrarian economies. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-11-2021-0658. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aging of societies and the quality of life of the elderly may be accompanied by food insecurity. The aim of the study was to find the relationships between the perceptions of various causes of food insecurity, i.e., financial, social, health, and spatial, and then between those and the selected sociodemographic characteristics. The survey was conducted in late 2018 and early 2019 among 760 people aged 65 and older in two regions of Poland. Factor analysis with the use of principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the main causes of the prevalence of food insecurity. Cluster analysis using Ward's hierarchical classification and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between the identified reasons for food insecurity, demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic status (SES). Two groups of causes that favor the experience of food insecurity among the elderly were identified, i.e., economic–social reasons and spatial–health reasons. They relate to such situations of food insecurity as concerns about food shortages, lack of staple foods, limited size or frequency of meals, and skipping meals. The high importance of economic–social (HE-S) reasons was associated with the low importance of spatial–health (LS-H) reasons, and conversely, the high importance of spatial–health (HS-H) causes was associated with the low importance of economic–social (LE-S) causes. HE-S and LS-H reasons were combined with low SES and residence in a city of more than 100,000 inhabitants. HS-H causes, on the other hand, were associated with LE-S causes and living in rural areas or towns of fewer than 100,000 inhabitants, as well as high SES. This specificity should be considered in the development of strategies and interventions aimed at reducing the phenomenon of experiencing food insecurity in the elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]