Search

The objective was to evaluate the effect of mycotoxins and yeast-derived adsorbent on performance of Nellore cattle finishing in feedlot. One hundred Nellore cattle (430 ± 1.0 kg and 24 mo) were used. At the beginning of the experiment, 4 randomly selected animals were slaughtered to determine the initial hot carcass weight (HCW). The experiment was conducted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two diets with natural contamination (NC) or exogenous contamination (EC) and presence (10g/hd daily) or absence of yeast-derived adsorbent (YDA). The diets with NC and EC had the following contamination levels: aflatoxin 0 and 10 µg/kg, fumonisin 5,114 and 5,754 µg/kg, trichothecenes B 0 and 42.1 µg/kg, trichothecenes A 0 and 22.1 µg/kg, fusaric acid 42.9 and 42.9 µg/kg and REQ 15 and 45 µg/kg, respectively. The REQ is the risk equivalency quantities expressed in µg/kg of AFB1-equivalent, which is mycotoxin concentrations interpretation according to known species specific sensitivities and normalized according to the principles of toxic equivalent factors. After 97 days of experiment, remaining animals were slaughtered and the HCW was obtained for determination of the carcass gain. There were no main effects or interactions of treatment factors for final weights (P = 0.40; 597, 592, 581 and 586 kg for NC, NC+YDA, EC and EC+YDA, respectively), DMI (P = 0.92; 12.7, 12.6, 12.0 and 12.0 kg, respectively or ADG (P = 0.37; 1.72, 1.67, 1.56 and 1.62 kg, respectively). However, there were interactions between factors for carcass gain (P < 0.08; 1.20, 1.14, 1.05 and 1.12, respectively) and for dressing (P < 0.04; 57.2, 56.6, 56.2 and 56.8, respectively), as a detrimental effect of EC was partially counteracted by YDA. In conclusion, mycotoxins reduce the carcass gain and dressing percent of the animals and the yeast-derived adsorbent alleviates this damage.

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de um composto vegetal contendo óleo essencial de orégano, alecrim, canela e extrato de pimenta vermelha no controle de Salmonella, Eimeria e Clostridium em frangos de corte. Para tal, foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro avaliou-se a eficiência deste produto no controle de Clostridium perfringens após desafio com Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima e E. tenella. Aves de um dia de idade foram divididas em três grupos: T1 - dieta controle sem aditivo promotor de crescimento; T2 - dieta com adição de avilamicina (10ppm); e T3 - dieta com adição do composto vegetal (100ppm). O uso do composto vegetal na alimentação de frangos reduziu lesões específicas de E. maxima e E. tenella aos 14 dias pós-inoculação (PI) como também reduziram a contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) de Clostridium perfringens no conteúdo do ceco das aves em relação ao grupo controle. No segundo experimento avaliou-se a eficiência deste mesmo produto em aves desafiadas com Salmonella Enteritidis. Aves de um dia de idade foram distribuídas em três tratamentos, sendo T1 - dieta controle sem adição de antibiótico promotor de crescimento, T2 - dieta com 10ppm de Avilamicina, T3 - dieta com 100ppm de um produto a base do composto vegetal acima citado. Aos 21 dias de idade todas as aves foram inoculadas com 10(5) UFC de Salmonella Enteritidis. A utilização do composto vegetal e avilamicina diminuiu a excreção de Salmonella nas aves 72 horas PI de Salmonella. A utilização do composto vegetal aumentou a relação vilo/células CD3+ no duodeno, em relação ao grupo avilamicina e controle, porém não teve efeito sobre a expressão destas células no ceco. The efficiency of a product in broiler feed containing essential oil of oregano, rosemary, cinnamon and extract of red pepper (plant compost) in the control of Salmonella, Eimeria and Clostridium was evaluated. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the product. In the first experiment the efficiency of this product to control Clostridium perfringens after challenge with Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella was assessed. Day old chicks were allotted into three groups: T1 - control diet without growth promoter, T2 - diet with avilamycin (10ppm), and T3 - diet with addition of the plant compost (100ppm). The use of the plant compost in broiler diets reduced specific lesions of E. maxima and E. tenella at 14 days after inoculation and reduced the count of colony forming units (CFU) of Clostridium perfringens in the ceca comparing to the control group. In the second trial the efficiency of the same product in birds challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis was evaluated. Day old birds were submitted to three experimental diets: T1 - control diet without antibiotics growth promoter, T2 - diet with 10ppm Avilamycin, T3 - diet with 100ppm of the plant compost mentioned above. At 21 days of age all birds were inoculated with 10(5) CFU of Salmonella Enteritidis. The use of the plant compost and avilamycin decreased the excretion of Salmonella in poultry 72 hours after the inoculation. The use of the plant compost increased villous/CD3+ cells in the duodenum, compared to group avilamycin and control, but had no effect on the expression of these cells in the cecum.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of mycotoxins and yeast-derived adsorbent on meat quality of Nellore cattle finishing in feedlot. Ninety-six Nellore cattle were used, (430 ± 1.0 kg and 24 mo). The treatment design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of two diets with natural contamination (NC) or exogenous contamination (EC) and presence (10g/hd daily) or absence of yeast-derived adsorbent (YDA). The diets with NC and EC had the following contaminations levels: aflatoxin 0 and 10 µg/kg, fumonisin 5114 and 5754 µg/kg, trichothecenes B 0 and 42.1 µg/kg, trichothecenes A 0 and 22.1 µg/kg, fusaric acid 42.9 and 42.9 µg/kg and REQ 15 and 45 µg/kg, respectively. The REQ is the risk equivalency quantities expressed in µg/kg of AFB1-equivalent, which is mycotoxin concentrations interpretation according to known species specific sensitivities and normalized according to the principles of toxic equivalent factors. After 97 days of experiment, all animals were slaughtered and the carcasses were stored in a chilling chamber at 4ºC. Three steaks from longissimus (2.5 cm thick) were cut between 11L*, a*, b*), cooking losses, shear force and chemical composition were analyzed. The L*, a* and b* colors were similar among factors (P ≥ 0.38), as was the cooking loss (P = 0.94; 32.4, 32.5, 33.1, 31.0%, for NC, NC+YDA, EC, EC+YDA respectively) and the shear force (P = 0.50; 6.8, 6.9, 6.8, 6.5 kgf, respectively). The chemical composition also was unaffected (P ≥ 0.61) by the treatments and the average of variables were 74.2% for moisture, 22.7% for CP, 1.04% for EE, and 2.10 for ash. In conclusion, at this level of contamination mycotoxin and yeast-derived adsorbent do not affect the meat quality of finishing Nellore cattle in feedlot. Key Words