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In this work, the transport and accumulation of 14C-fluoranthene (14C-FLT) and 14C-glycine (14C-gly) in pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.) were observed after treatment of the substances to the nutrient solution and point-to-leaf. The aim of the work was to compare the transport and distribution of the above substances in pea plants. For this reason, the pea plants were attacked by aphids that penetrated the phloem by stylet. Samples were collected after 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the addition of 14C-FLT or 14C glycine to the nutrient solution or to the leaf. Transport and distribution the 14C-activities originatted from 14C-FLT or 14C glycine uptake were monitored by the liquid scintillation technique after combustion in oxygen flow. The results proved that 14C-FLT and 14C-gly translocates both from the nutrient solution and from the point of ap-plication on the leaf to the youngest part of the plant, to apices as significante sinks. Even 14C-activity was detected in aphids, which demonstrated FLT and glycine trans-port via phloem.

Cadmium is heavy metal toxic for plants and animals and environmental contaminant which must be removed from natural environment. In recent years a new method phytoremediation is getting more attention. This method uses plants called hyperaccumulators for extraction of heavy metals from soils. Hyperaccumulators have, however, after accumulation of heavy metals no other use. Therefore new possibilities are discussed in last few years. Energy plants, in this thesis sorghum and malva, could be used for accumulation of heavy metals from soils and after that these plants could be used as energy source. This thesis wants to find out if sorgum and malva are able to grow in cadmium contaminated environment and if these plants will accumulate cadmium. It also compares different cultivars of sorghum in toxicity tests and compares ability of these cultivars to grow in cadmium contaminated environment and to accumulate this heavy metal. Further it focuses on affection of uptake of kadmium ions by sorhum in presence of glutathione or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

The ability of the accumulation of thorium and study of the stress responses on his presence was tested on a selected cultivar of tobacco, La Burley 21. Plants were cultivated in Hoagland's hydroponic medium under artificial light. Except to the ability of accumulation and distribution of thorium in the all parts of plant was investigated the effect of selected organic and inorganic additions on accumulation. Among organic substances included citric acid, tartaric and oxalic acid in their presence was observed the increase of thorium in all parts of the plant. Were also tested products from the diamine and polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermine and spermidin). These substances, also known for their antioxidant activity in plants, had an impact on reducing the accumulation of thorium, especially in the root system of plants. The most important factor influencing the accumulation of thorium was the absence of phosphate ions in a hydroponic medium, which caused the rise of the concentration of thorium about several levels in all parts of the plants. The initial decrease of pH after additions of organic acids or addition of high concentrations of thorium and the gradual increase of pH during cultivation had proved significant. It was also compared the uptake of accumulation and distribution of...

The heavy metals contamination of environment represents a worldwide problem lately. Heavy metals cause harmful effects not only to plants, but also to other organisms. Throught their acumulation in plant biomass, heavy metals enter a food chain and could negatively influence the human health. The impact of heavy metals on plants and their defence mechanisms against toxicity of heavy metals have been in focus of plant physiology and ecology research for decades. Importance of this topic arises from plant role in environment, ecosystem services and in human nutrition. Investigation in proces and mechanisms of heavy metal hyperacumulation in plants offer progress in fytoremediation and genetic engineering. The experiments on agricultural crops show how heavy metals enter the food chain and how they affect the crop yield. The aim of this thesis is to summarize information about heavy metals' effects on plants. The thesis is focused on arsenic and mercury, because the Czech Republic have also problem with heavy metals contamination and these two metals occur in high concentration in the spoil banks and soils adjacent to the lignite mining areas of Sokolovsko. The spoil banks with heavy metal content have to be revegatated, thus, the topic of their effect on plants is of high importance. In the first part of the...