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[Display omitted] • RH-Cu could rapidly (about 3 min) and sensitively detect Cu2+. • A portable and accurate Cu2+ detection method was developed using a smartphone with Pick RGB software. • RH-Cu could successfully apply to the detection of Cu2+ in food and organisms. • RH-Cu could detect the fluctuation of Cu2+ content during the release of drugs. In the subject of food safety, identifying and measuring the active components in food is a hot topic. Food safety and biological health are all strongly correlated with the amount of copper ions (Cu2+) presented in the environment. Nevertheless, the existing Cu2+ detection technology has disadvantages such as difficult operation and inconvenient on-site analysis. Therefore, a new Cu2+ fluorescent probe RH-Cu with a fast response and low limit of detection was built in this study. It can be used to measure the quantity of Cu2+ in real food and water samples. Additionally, a relationship was established between the color RGB values and the concentration of Cu2+. A new mobile phone software (Pick RGB) was developed to realize the portable detection of Cu2+. This work offers a portable instrument for the detection of Cu2+ and provides an idea for developing portable detection techniques for other significant foods' active constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Pyrrolidin-3-formate ester was firstly used as regenerated recognition site of HCHO. • This probe has high selectivity and sensitivity toward HCHO. • This regenerated probe can detect HCHO in zebrafish without the disturbance of HCHO level. • This probe has the ability to detect HCHO in food samples. As an important carbonyl substance, formaldehyde (FA) plays an important role in transmitting information and maintaining homeostasis in the body. However, once the body consumes a large amount food added with FA, it will lead to the accumulation of FA in the organism, thereby causing a variety of diseases. Therefore, it is extremely important to ensure the balance of FA concentration in organisms and to detect FA in food samples. In this paper, a regenerative FA fluorescence probe CE-FA was constructed based on the ability of pyrrolidin-3-formate ester to capture FA. After the probe reacts with FA, it causes ester alcoholysis, releases fluorophore to enhance the fluorescence signal, and realizes the regeneration of FA at the same time. There was a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity of the probe and the concentration of FA, and the detection limit was 2.6 μM. The probe can be used for both endogenous and exogenous imaging applications of FA in zebrafish. In addition, the probe can also be used to detect FA in food samples and has good recovery rate. We hope that the probe can provide an effective tool for the study of the functionalization of FA in living organisms and the detection of FA in food samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moderate amounts of ferrous ion (Fe2+) are necessary, and insufficient or excessive amounts can have adverse health effects. Dysregulation of intracellular Fe2+ levels triggers ferroptosis, an iron-mediated programmed cell death associated with a diverse range of diseases. Iron transporters in the Golgi apparatus (GA) affect the Fe2+ level within the cell, thereby affecting the process of ferroptosis. The regulation of ferroptosis holds immense significance in the treatment of various pathological conditions. Therefore, the monitoring of Fe2+ in the GA is imperative. Herein, a novel highly specific GA targeting fluorescent probe (GA-Fe) for Fe2+ was developed using a carbamoyl oxime structure as the recognition group. GA-Fe has good spectral performance and high sensitivity (LOD = 64 nM) for detecting Fe2+. Additionally, GA-Fe exhibits excellent targeting property and can serve as a highly effective tool for labeling the GA. Notably, GA-Fe can not only detect native and exogenous Fe2+ in cells and zebrafish, but also track Fe2+ fluctuations in ferroptosis model. [Display omitted] • Probe GA-Fe can quantitatively and sensitively detect Fe2+ with high specifity. • Probe GA-Fe performs the naked-eye detection of Fe2+. • probe GA-Fe was successfully targeted to the Golgi apparatus. • Probe GA-Fe was successfully applied to detect Fe2+ in living cells and zebrafish. • Probe GA-Fe was able to track changes in Fe2+ during ferroptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sensitive visualization of cysteine (Cys) levels in the Golgi apparatus of living cells during drug-induced oxidative stress is of significant importance for improving theranostic efficiency and optimizing drug design. Herein, a simple Cys-specific ratiometric fluorescent probe (ICN-Cys) was reasonably constructed using 4-CF 3 -7-aminoquinoline derivate as fluorophore and Golgi-targeting moiety and isocyano moiety as specific reaction site of Cys. This probe has been proven to hold many outstanding features of high specificity and sensitivity (detection limit of 4.8 μM), satisfactory response speed (within 30 min), ratiometric detection (F 515 /F 385), good biocompatibility, unique Golgi-targetability. Moreover, this probe can be used to monitor exogenous and endogenous Cys in the Golgi apparatus of living cells, and distinguish cancerous cells from normal cells. As expected, under oxidative stress induced by drug treatments, probe ICN-Cys successfully tracked the dynamic fluctuations of Cys levels in living cells. Furthermore, probe ICN-Cys was used to visualize Cys level changes in pathways associated with both the promotion and inhibition of ferroptosis. In summary, this work not only demonstrates isocyano moiety can serve as an ideal recognition receptor of Cys, but also offers a promising analytical tool for the visualization of Cys levels in the Golgi apparatus during Cys-related diseases. [Display omitted] • A novel Golgi-targeting Cys-specific fluorescent probe was developed. • An isocyano moiety was firstly proposed as highly selective recognition site of Cys. • The detection of native and exogenous/endogenous Cys was successfully achieved. • The fluctuations of Cys levels during drug-induced oxidative stress were monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The probe could quantitatively and sensitively detect Cys (DL = 5.1 × 10−8 mol/L). • The probe displayed prominent selectivity to Cys than other species including biothiols. • The probe could specifically target the Golgi apparatus. • The probe could be applied to tracking basal Cys in live cells and zebrafish. • The probe could track the generation of Cys during the Golgi stress response in live cells and zebrafish. In the appropriate Golgi stress response, adaptive repair will occur by changing or triggering the expression of related pathways. Furthermore, it also can inhibit the cytotoxicity of cells in the altered redox homeostasis. Elevated biosynthesis and transport of cysteine (Cys) will be induced to restore the abnormal redox state, and more evidences are needed to confirm this process in the Golgi stress response. Herein, we developed a novel Golgi-targetable Cys-specific fluorescent probe GT-Cys for sensitively detecting Cys generation during the Golgi stress response. In probe GT-Cys , thiobenzoate moiety was chosen as recognition group of Cys, and 4-CF 3 -7-aminoquinoline dye was selected as fluorophore and Golgi targetable unit. Probe GT-Cys can selectively and sensitively respond to Cys. Additionally, it has good targetable properties, facilitating the study of complicated stress response of Golgi apparatus. Importantly, the applications of probe GT-Cys in biological imaging showed that it is sensitive enough to basal Cys, especially to endogenous Cys during the Golgi stress response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron plays an essential role in the chemical transformation of cells via the transition of multiple oxidation states of iron. Misregulation of iron may lead to the disorder of reactive oxygen species (ROS) catalyzed by iron, which is associated with diverse diseases. Therefore, the monitoring of labile iron in vivo is crucial for revealing its diverse functions in the biosystems. In this work, a novel "off-on" fluorescent probe NT-Fe was designed to detect ferrous ion (Fe2+) in both aqueous solutions and biological systems, based on the reduction of nitroxides to hydroxylamine. Probe NT-Fe manifested highly selective and sensitive detection (DL = 89 nM) of Fe2+. In addition, probe NT-Fe can detect Fe2+ within 50 s, which is conducive to real-time detection of labile iron in the biological system. Moreover, the intracellular Fe2+ can be tracked with probe NT-Fe in living cells effectively. Most of all, as far as we know, probe NT-Fe has been used for the first time to monitor Fe2+ in zebrafish. Image 1 • The probe could quantitatively and sensitively detect Fe2+ (DL = 89 nM). • The probe could rapidly detect Fe2+ (within 50 s). • The probe displayed prominent selectivity toward Fe2+ than other various species. • The probe could be applied to tracking labile Fe2+ in live cells and zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]