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The article presents a study concerning the measurement of gas temperatures and incident heat flux in a kraft recovery boiler. It states that the gas temperatures were measured in different techniques which include suction pyrometer, unshielded thermocouples and infrared (IR) pyrometer. It mentions that the study was conducted to support validation of models based on computational fluid dynamics.

Deposits of unconverted particles in the heat recovery boilers used in the copper flash smelting process may cause operational problems. In this work, a dual-product layer shrinking-core-like particle model is presented. In this model the conversion can be solved from a single non-linear equation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can provide detailed insight into the processes in the heat recovery boiler. Used with CFD, this particle conversion model can be used to study the effect of boiler design and process parameters on the depositing particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nitrogen oxide yield in a combustor burning an ammonia rich product gas from a bubbling bed gasifier has been investigated. The measurements showed a surprisingly small effect of the excess air in the combustor on the NOx emissions. To understand the reason for this behaviour the nitrogen chemistry in the combustor has been studied using CFD combined with a detailed description of the fuel-N chemistry. With higher oxygen excess a NOx yield of 22% is calculated compared to a measured NOx yield of 21%. In the case with lower oxygen excess the corresponding numbers are 20% and 18%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]