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In this work, an innovative, flow-through, double-beam, photometric detector with direct injection of the reagents (double-DID) was used for the first time for the determination of iron in pharmaceuticals. For stable measurement of the absorbance, double paired emission-detection LED diodes and a log ratio precision amplifier have been applied. The detector was integrated with the system of solenoid micro-pumps. The micro-pumps helped to reduce the number of reagents used and are responsible for precise solution dispensing and propelling. The flow system is characterized by a high level of automation. The total iron was determined as a Fe(II) with photometric detection using 1,10-phenanthroline as a complexing agent. The optimum conditions of the propose analytical procedure were established and the method was validated. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 1 to 30 mg L -1 . The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.5 mg L -1 . The throughput of the method was 90 samples/hour. The repeatability of the method expressed as the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was 2% (n = 10). The method was characterized by very low consumption of reagents and samples (20 μL each) and a small amount of waste produced (about 540 µL per analysis). The proposed flow method was successfully applied for determination of iron in pharmaceutical products. The results were in good agreement with those obtained using the manual UV-Vis spectrophotometry and with values claimed by the manufacturers. The flow system worked very stably and was insensitive to bubbles appearing in the system.

A novel approach for the automatic chemiluminescence (CL) analysis of the complex samples is proposed. A multi-pumping flow system was successfully combined with fluidized reactor and direct-injection CL detector. The possibility of the approach was demonstrated on the determination of uric acid in saliva samples. Uric acid is clinically important analyte and its determination in biological fluids is related to human organism dysfunctions, such as gout. For the first time, the fast luminol - N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) reaction in an alkaline medium was used for the CL determination of uric acid in saliva samples. The CL intensity is greatly quenched in the presence of the analyte. The method includes on-line separation of uric acid from the saliva samples based on fluidized beds strategy using anion-exchange resin Dowex ® 2×8 followed by the elution and CL determination using a direct-injection CL detector. The stroke pulsations of the solenoid micro-pumps provided the floating of the anion exchange resin in a sample phase and uric acid separation from the sample matrix into a sample pre-treatment block of flow system. To obtain efficient elution of analyte an eluent circulation was applied. Under the optimal conditions, the detector response for uric acid was linear in the logarithmic concentration ranges from 6·10 -6 to 1·10 -3 molL -1 . The limit of detection, calculated from a blank test based on 3σ, was 2·10 -6 molL -1 . Fluidized bed strategy allows us to exclude saliva matrices influence on the luminol-NBS CL reaction, which results in improved selectivity. The applicability of the method developed is demonstrated with the help of real sample analysis. The obtained results are confirmed by reference HPLC-UV method., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)