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This study investigated the effects of digital and non-digital gamification on EFL learners' learning collocations, satisfaction, perceptions, and sense of flow. The participants divided into three groups of digitally gamified, non-digitally gamified, and non-gamified classes were 75 Iranian EFL students at B1 level. In each class, students were divided into two teams and received the treatment. The data collection instruments included a pretest and a posttest of collocation knowledge, the flow questionnaire, three open-ended questions, and a semi-structured interview. The results of ANCOVA revealed significant improvement in the collocation knowledge of the three groups. The results of an ANOVA revealed significant differences in the collocation posttest scores of digital and non-digital groups compared to that of non-gamified group. Additionally, both gamified groups were satisfied with using gamification for learning collocations, because they believed the class was highly competitive, encouraging them to collaborate and learn in teams. Both groups also had positive perceptions of implementing gamification for learning collocations, which included competition, teamwork, and challenging and fun learning environment. The results indicated that students of both gamified groups considerably experienced the sense of flow because their skills matched the challenges of the games, and they were absorbed in the games. This study recommends that EFL teachers implement gamification as an effective tool to tap into learners' emotions and to engage them in learning English collocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Methods Results and Conclusions This study was motivated by the need to enhance Mandarin learning through embodied interactions and physical engagement methods. While most studies confirm the positive effects of touchscreen devices on learning, mixed findings suggest a need for more engaging methods. This research addresses these gaps by exploring the benefits of embodied interaction through the Shaking‐On game app, an embodied question‐response platform, in comparison to Kahoot.To compare the learning effectiveness of the Shaking‐On app, which incorporates physical shaking interactions, with the conventional quiz platform Kahoot in promoting Mandarin learning and positive emotional experiences.A total of 158 junior high school students participated in the study, engaging in 15‐minute sessions once a week for 3 weeks in a formal classroom setting. Participants were divided into two groups: one using the Shaking‐On app and the other using Kahoot. The study employed a comparative analysis framework based on achievement emotion theory to evaluate learning outcomes and emotional responses. Furthermore, the classroom response system (CRS) analysis was used to assess the cognitive and affective parameters of the learning tasks in the Shaking‐On app and Kahoot, providing detailed insight into how different interactive tasks contributed to learning.The results indicated that the Shaking‐On app significantly enhanced Mandarin learning and engagement compared with Kahoot. Participants using Shaking‐On experienced higher levels of interactive situational interest and flow, while test anxiety remained consistent across both groups. These findings suggest that incorporating embodied interactions into digital learning tools can substantially benefit student engagement and learning outcomes. The study indicated that such apps could be effectively integrated into classroom settings to enhance student learning. Educators and game developers are encouraged to integrate such interactive elements to improve the efficacy and appeal of educational applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to explore the correlation between psychological capital and music performance anxiety among Chinese college students majoring in music. Additionally, the study evaluated the chain mediating effects of self-esteem and flow experience. Methods: Three hundred twenty-nine college students pursuing a music major from institutions in Eastern China participated in the study. They were asked to complete the Psychological Capital, Self-Esteem, Flow Experience, and Music Performance Anxiety Scales. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed, and sophisticated mediation models were created. Results: The results suggest that self-esteem and flow experience play a role in connecting psychological capital and music performance anxiety. Moreover, the ultimate model elucidates significant connections linking psychological capital to self-esteem and flow experience in music performance anxiety. Conclusion: This study offers useful insights for future interventions aimed at mitigating music performance anxiety through the cultivation of students' psychological capital, self-esteem, and flow experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of piano performance on the psychological well-being of performers. The research was conducted among senior students of universities and music conservatories in Beijing and Shanghai (n = 108). The methods included qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results confirmed that expressive performance requires technical skills and internal experience. Men reported higher psychological well-being, while women demonstrated increased pre-performance anxiety. Experience and the number of hours of practice also influenced the psychological state. The study provides insights for both novice and experienced musicians, assisting them in achieving musical expressiveness and enhancing the effectiveness of their performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escape room game is an example of digital game‐based learning that has become a popular learning tool in recent years. However, not enough is known about enthusiasm for and promising reports of the use of escape rooms in education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of escape room game‐based civics education on eighth grade students' learning motivation, critical thinking and flow experience. To explore the effects, a quasi‐experimental pretest–posttest with a control group design method was employed. The participants were 76 eighth grade students. The subjects were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which used an escape room game, and the control group which used the Google classroom digital platform. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups in favour of the experimental group in terms of learning motivation. There was a significant difference between the two groups' critical thinking in favour of the experimental group for the ‘assumption’ and ‘interpretation’ subscales of the critical thinking test. Regarding flow experience, the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group. Finally, based on the research results, suggestions are made for the future use of escape room games for teaching and for future research. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Escape room games have substantial potential for enhancing learning, motivation and critical thinking. Studies promoting mental flow, integrating complex skills and using multiple strategies in a game context are limited. What this paper adds Students' mind flow experience and critical thinking were enhanced through escape room games. The escape room game made the learning process more varied, triggered students' interest, and improved their learning motivation. This study compared the effect of escape room game‐based learning with the Google Classroom platform, not the traditional teaching approach. Implications for practice and/or policy Escape room games offer learners innovative opportunities to develop critical thinking skills. Using an appropriately designed escape room as a game‐based learning environment is an effective and motivating game‐based learning approach. The realistic and interactive nature of escape room games is an important factor that influences learners' mind‐flow experiences. What is already known about this topic Escape room games have substantial potential for enhancing learning, motivation and critical thinking. Studies promoting mental flow, integrating complex skills and using multiple strategies in a game context are limited. What this paper adds Students' mind flow experience and critical thinking were enhanced through escape room games. The escape room game made the learning process more varied, triggered students' interest, and improved their learning motivation. This study compared the effect of escape room game‐based learning with the Google Classroom platform, not the traditional teaching approach. Implications for practice and/or policy Escape room games offer learners innovative opportunities to develop critical thinking skills. Using an appropriately designed escape room as a game‐based learning environment is an effective and motivating game‐based learning approach. The realistic and interactive nature of escape room games is an important factor that influences learners' mind‐flow experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile applications have become an indispensable marketing medium for tourism companies. Given that half of the users delete the applications soon after completing their transactions, it is vital to improving the application quality based on the users' expectations. Thus, drawing on the Stimulus–Organism–Response theory, this study investigates the determinants of customer citizenship behaviour related to mobile travel applications. It is a type of value co-creation behaviour, including sharing feedback with the company to help improving its service provision. The analysis results of 315 data collected from travel application users revealed that flow experience and customer engagement, which are affected by mobile application quality, are strong determinants of customer citizenship behaviour. Alongside with the discussion of the findings, the theoretical and managerial implications are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the mediating role of learning engagement and flow experience in the impact of teacher support on junior high school students' English performance, this study used questionnaire surveys to investigate 278 third-year junior high school students in China and applied structural equation modeling to analyze the data. The results show: (1) The perceived teacher support and learning engagement of junior high school students are at a moderate level, the flow experience level is overall low, and half of the students has no flow experience. (2) Teacher support has a significant positive correlation with students' English performance, learning engagement, and flow experience. Flow experience and learning engagement also have a significant positive predictive effect on English performance. (3) Teacher support indirectly influences students' English performance through the parallel mediating effects of learning engagement and flow experience. It is suggested that teachers should reform teaching methods and provide more support in English teaching practice to help students stay in a state of flow during English learning for a longer time; at the same time, guide students to engage in learning from multiple aspects including cognition, emotion, and behavior to improve students' learning autonomy and English performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study constructed a research framework for exploring the relationship between the three dimensions of app quality (system quality, information quality, and service quality), flow experience, brand trust, and intention to transact based on the business‐to‐consumer e‐commerce platform. The proposed model was tested by analyzing questionnaire survey data from a sample of 503 consumers with experience of mobile online shopping using the variance‐based structural equation modeling technique. The results showed that all three dimensions of app quality were positively associated with flow experience and brand trust. Flow experience was positively associated with intention to transact. The effect of brand trust on consumers' intention to transact was greater than that of flow experience, suggesting that when shopping on a mobile app platform, consumers may be more concerned about trusting the brand than about pleasure in making a purchase decision. The results enrich business‐to‐consumer e‐commerce theory and provide meaningful managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow is a state of highly focused attention, associated with player loyalty (thus sought after among game designers). We investigate the link between positive affect (hereby PA) and flow experience. According to the literature, games should ideally induce PA in players and that this might induce higher flow in games at optimal challenge (challenge that matches the player's skills). We, however, propose that PA and the flow state form a negative feedback loop, where PA could reduce future flow, depending on the challenge conditions. We conducted two experiments, with 144 and 338 university students as participants, respectively. The experiments showed that under the optimal challenge condition, current PA is negatively linked to future flow. Based on this, we propose that game designers should be cautious about the use of PA-inducing stimuli, as they might form a negative feedback loop with flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic sports (esports) have become one of the fastest-growing forms of new media. As a result, esports livestreaming media is a necessary medium for connecting viewers and esports livestreams. Drawing on the media richness theory, the purpose of the current study was to explore how livestreaming media attributes and viewers' individual characteristics (esports involvement) influence the viewer's experience (satisfaction and flow experience) and media loyalty. The results of a latent moderated structural equations (LMS) modeling analysis using a total of 568 viewers revealed that informativeness and convenience significantly influenced viewer satisfaction and flow experience, which in turn influenced media loyalty. Interestingly, interactivity was found to be a more important attribute for viewer satisfaction and flow experience among highly involved viewers while informativeness was an important attribute for less involved viewers. Furthermore, viewer satisfaction is pivotal in establishing media loyalty for less involved viewers, while flow experience is key for highly involved viewers. The findings of this research have theoretical implications for the literature on esports media and media consumption experiences and offer managers effective strategies for developing esports media loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of AI integration, specifically ChatGPT, on personalized learning involving 785 college students in the Philippines who took the online survey. Utilizing regression analysis and an Omnibus ANOVA test, the study examined the influence of AI Integration alongside demographic variables such as age, sex, educational level, and type of school on personalized learning. Results indicate that AI integration can explain a substantial portion of the variability in personalized learning outcomes (approximately 88.54%). Specifically, ChatGPT demonstrates a significant positive effect on personalized learning, suggesting that as ChatGPT integration increases, personalized learning experiences also increase. However, demographic variables such as age, sex, educational level, and type of school show minimal effects on personalized learning outcomes, except for a potential trend for higher scores in private universities and colleges compared to state universities and colleges. These findings underscore the pivotal role of AI technologies, like ChatGPT, in enhancing personalized learning experiences while highlighting the need for further exploration of contextual factors influencing educational outcomes. The implications extend beyond the study to offer insights for educational stakeholders and policymakers, emphasizing the potential benefits of AI-driven personalized learning initiatives. However, limitations such as sample characteristics, measurement bias, and technology accessibility should be addressed in future research endeavors to maximize the benefits of AI integration in education.

E-commerce live streaming has experienced a significant and rapid increase in recent years, establishing itself as a vital catalyst for the growth of the e-commerce business. This research delves into the influence of e-commerce live streaming attributes, namely, authenticity, interactivity, and entertainment, on consumers' purchase intentions. It is based on the Stimulus‒Organism‒Response (SOR) theory and focuses on customer flow experience and hedonic shopping value. To evaluate the study model, the authors gathered survey data from 360 live streaming e-commerce customers and used structural equation modeling. The results indicate that client purchase intentions in e-commerce live streaming are positively influenced by authenticity, interactivity, and entertainment. Authenticity, entertainment, and interaction all contribute to enhancing consumers' flow experience in e-commerce live streaming, with interactivity being the most influential factor. The phenomenon of flow experience has a beneficial impact on the purchasing intentions of clients engaged in e-commerce live streaming. The flow experience serves as an intermediary between the characteristics of e-commerce live streaming and consumers' intentions to make purchases. Hedonic shopping value affects the relationship between the flow experience and the customer's intention to make a purchase. Put simply, when customers have a strong perception of the pleasure they derive from shopping, their intention to make purchases becomes more profound when they are influenced by the state of flow. This study not only contributes to the body of knowledge regarding the correlation between the attributes of e-commerce live streaming and consumer receptiveness, but it also provides businesses and platforms that utilize e-commerce live streaming with actionable recommendations. By improving the content design of live streaming features in e-commerce, customer engagement and immersion are significantly enhanced, establishing a foundation for increasing consumer purchase intention. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-03-018 Full Text: PDF

ÖZ:Bu çalışmanın amacı, marka-benlik uyumunun, Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FOMO) ve sosyal medya sadakati üzerindeki etkisini; FOMO’nun sosyal medya sadakati üzerindeki etkisinde akış deneyiminin aracılık rolünü incelemektir. Çalışma, kullanıcıların sosyal medya sadakatinin oluşma sürecini marka-benlik uyumu, FOMO ve akış deneyimi kavramlarıyla birlikte aydınlatmaya yönelik tanımlayıcı ve nicel bir çalışmadır. Çalışmada, 322 sosyal medya kullanıcısından çevrim içi anket yöntemi ile veri toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın hipotezleri, SPSS AMOS Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi yöntemi ile test edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler neticesinde, marka-benlik uyumunun tüketicilerin FOMO düzeyini ve sosyal medya sadakatini olumlu yönde etkilediği, FOMO’nun sosyal medya sadakati üzerinde doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak olumlu etkileri olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca FOMO’nun sosyal medya sadakati üzerindeki etkisinde akış deneyiminin kısmi aracılık etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, uygulayıcılara tüketiciler ile ilişkilerini marka-benlik uyumu çerçevesinde kurup, deneyim sürecini ise akış deneyimine uygun tasarladıklarında kullanacakları FOMO stratejilerinin daha sürdürülebilir bir hale gelebileceği yönünde katkılar sunmaktadır. Çalışma, sosyal medya sadakatinin oluşma sürecini marka-benlik uyumu, FOMO ve akış deneyimi kavramlarını kullanarak kurgulayan ilk çalışma olması ile literatüre anlamlı katkılar sağlamaktadır. ABSTRACT:The aim of this study is to examine the effect of brand-self congruence on Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) and social media loyalty; to examine the effect of FOMO on social media loyalty with the mediating role of flow experience. The study is an descriptive and quantitative study aimed at demystifying the social media loyalty process of users with concepts of brand-self congruence, FOMO and flow experience. In the study, data were collected from 322 social media users by online survey method. The hypotheses of the study were tested with the SPSS AMOS Structural Equation Modeling method. As a result of the analyzes made, brand self congruence has a positive effect on consumers’ FOMO level and social media loyalty, and FOMO has direct and indirect positive effects on social media loyalty. It was also concluded that, flow experience has a partial mediation role on the effect of FOMO on social media loyalty. The results of the study contribute to the notion that when practitioners establish their relationships with consumers within the framework of brand-self Congruence and design the experiential process according to Flow Experience, the FOMO strategies they employ can become more sustainable. The study makes significant contributions to the literature by being the first to conceptualize the formation process of social media loyalty using the concepts of brand-self Congruence, FOMO, and flow experience.

With outstanding advantages in virtuality, immersion, connectivity, and openness, the application of the Metaverse in the development of intangible cultural heritage has demonstrated great potential to enhance Gen-Zers’ participation intention, but the effect and its mechanism remain unclear. This study constructs a theoretical model based on the stimuli-organism-response (SOR) theory, the DeLone and McLean model of information system (IS) success (D&M) model, and flow theory, and conducts an empirical study using a structural equation model and regression analysis based on questionnaire survey data in China to uncover whether and how Metaverse application exerts its impact. Results show that Metaverse application can enhance Gen-Zers’ participation intention in the communication of intangible cultural heritage, and their mechanism follows a chain path of “stimulus-state-response” under the joint action of “technology-individual-environment” in which Metaverse application is the key stimulus factor, flow experience is the mediator, and self-efficacy and subjective norm are moderators. The findings can offer new insights for research on Metaverse application from the perspectives of consequences and effects and can also provide practical implications for Metaverse application as well as the development and communication of intangible cultural heritage.

In visual arts education, understanding abstract concepts and intricate symbolism is crucial for appreciating traditional art. However, traditional teaching methods often fail to facilitate students' grasp of these ideas, resulting in reduced engagement and inefficient learning. To overcome this, our study integrates Augmented Reality (AR) technology into a card game to enhance visual arts education. Using a quasi-experimental approach and a gamification model, we evaluated the influence of AR technology in the card game. Sixty Primary 6 students participated, divided into an experimental group (using an AR-based card game) and a control group (using a conventional card game). The study concluded that AR technology significantly improved student performance, flow state, and reduced cognitive load, highlighting its potential to enhance visual arts education. This study contributes to the ongoing research on Augmented Reality Game-Based Learning (AR-GBL) for visual arts education. It also guides art teachers in effectively integrating AR technology into authentic classroom teaching environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Previous literature has demonstrated that engagement in serious leisure (SL) is associated with subjective well-being among older adults, while the relationship between successful aging (SA) and SL remains unexplored. This study aims to investigated the association between SL, social support (SS), flow experience (FE), and SA. Methods: A total of 435 older adults participating in air volleyball events were included in this study. Results: The findings revealed that: (i) SL directly and positively influences on SS, FE, and SA; (ii) SS is positively related to FE, and FE is positively associated with older adults’SA; (iii) Both SS and FE fully mediate the relationship between SL and SA, with SS partially explaining this mediation through FE. Discussion: This study builds upon prior research in this field and highlights the significance of SL for the SA among older adults. Future studies should further explore the underlying mechanisms linking serious sport experiences to successful elderly life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online learning communities play a crucial role in delivering high-quality courses to a large number of learners. However, to maintain an economically sustainable and constantly evolving online learning ecosystem, it is essential to create a virtuous cycle from knowledge production to knowledge consumption by charging learners to incentivize course providers and to build and maintain online learning systems. This study examines online learners' willingness to pay for high-quality online courses and develops the FSEP model (Flow-Satisfaction-Expectancy-Purchasing). The model is based on the assumption that learners who have a good experience with a free course are more likely to purchase the paid version. The study employs an explanatory sequential mixed-method design. The quantitative results demonstrate that online learners' flow experience and satisfaction with the free course directly affect their expectations for paid courses, which in turn increase their intention to purchase. In particular, three full mediation effects clearly reveal the importance of the psychological paths identified in this study. The subsequent qualitative results further validate each hypothesis proposed in the FSEP model. This research advances our understanding of economically sustainable online learning ecosystems and also adds to existing knowledge of digital economies and the freemium model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared two virtual reality (VR) interaction modes and assessed differences in characteristics, namely usability, emotional responses, flow experience, technology acceptance, activity effectiveness, preference, and satisfaction, aiming to gain insights for proposing design suggestions. The two types of VR interaction examined were freeform creativity, which enabled users to autonomously explore and create using the Gravity Sketch drawing program, and goal-directed training, which involved structured task completion by using a VR dumbbell exercise program developed with Unity. This study involved 33 participants and revealed three key findings. First, both VR modes exhibited excellent results in terms of flow experience, technology acceptance, preference, and satisfaction and evoked strong positive emotions. They also demonstrated shared VR advantages, including overcoming screen constraints and facilitating three-dimensional spatial activities. Second, compared with goal-directed training, freeform creativity elicited greater levels of pleasure, evoked more intense emotional responses, and demonstrated superior performance across related indicators. Third, in terms of usability, goal-directed training surpassed freeform creativity, particularly in overall responsiveness, simplicity, and clarity of information presentation, and learnability, underscoring the importance of enhancing usability for complex tasks in VR application design. These findings offer valuable insights for crafting more appealing, practical, and user-friendly VR systems in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Flow, defined as a heightened state of consciousness characterized by intense concentration during an activity, is influenced primarily by the perceived challenge and the dynamic equilibrium of skills. This investigation focuses on the patterns of flow state attainment and its elicitation mechanisms within the context of piano performance among Chinese music college students. Methods: Our study establishes a framework for accessing flow, utilizing quantitative data from music ontology to gauge the level of challenge and the level of music acquisition to assess skills. Additionally, we integrate external factors such as music culture heterogeneity and demographic variables to elucidate the causes and moderating effects of flow on piano performance. Results: The findings reveal a positive correlation between flow and performance, with the model of challenge and skill induction partially explaining these results. Notably, melodic Shannon Entropy emerges as a potential indicator of challenge, suggesting its relevance in future studies on flow. Discussion: This research provides multidimensional insights into the interplay between performance and flow in piano performance, guiding future investigations to explore the musical quantitative perspective more deeply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite numerous papers focusing on mindfulness at work, our knowledge about how flow experience and stress as indicators of optimal functioning and wellbeing at work evolve over time during the common mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program remains limited. Drawing from the transactional model of flow and stress, we argue that a build-up of mindfulness over the training duration not only leads to a decrease in stress but also an increase in flow experience. Thereby, we examine the moderating role of emotional exhaustion amplifying the beneficial effects of mindfulness. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 91 participants completed weekly questionnaires over the course of 8 weeks. Forty six participants in the experimental group took part in the MBSR program, while 45 participants were part of an inactive control group. Results: Mindfulness and flow showed a significant linear increase over time, whereas stress exhibited a linear decrease. Those who participated in the MBSR training reported an increase in mindfulness that positively and negatively predicted the trajectories of flow and stress, respectively. Emotional exhaustion amplified the effects of the trajectory of mindfulness on the trajectories of flow and stress. Discussion: These findings suggest that mindfulness can not only reduce stress but can also foster the autotelic experience of flow, especially for chronically depleted individuals. However, more research is necessary to replicate these results and address the limitations of the current study, including the quasiexperimental design, the use of self-report measures, as well as the dropout during the study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social commerce has emerged as a phenomenon that supports social interaction and user-generated content, allowing individuals to make informed purchasing decisions. This study aims to identify the antecedents of the sWOM behaviors present in social network sites (SNSs). Specifically, tie strength, homophily, trust, informational, and normative influence were included as sWOM antecedents. This study provides a deeper understanding of sWOM behavior in SNSs by identifying and analyzing separately three interrelated behaviors with distinct antecedents: opinion-giving, opinion-seeking, and opinion-passing. Additionally, flow experience is proposed as a less studied antecedent that interacts with all sWOM behaviors, and simultaneously, purchase intention. Our results suggest that flow experience, followed by opinion-seeking and opinion-passing, exerts the greatest influence on purchase intention. Additionally, our findings reveal that informative and normative influence are the analyzed antecedents that have the greatest impact on purchase intention. JEL Classification: M31. Plain language summary: This study analyzes the sequential process of evaluation and use of social networks regarding the intention to purchase products recommended by other consumers. Three types of internet behaviors are differentiated: searching for product information, sharing this information with one's contacts in social networks, and/or generating opinions and evaluations about the products. Several factors have been identified that could enhance both the three aforementioned behaviors and the final purchase intention of the product itself: tie strength, homophily, trust, informative influence, normative influence, and flow experience. The results of the study allow us to conclude that flow experience as well as opinion-seeking and opinion-passing behaviors are the factors that enhance product purchase intention the most. Of the remaining factors analyzed, the effect of informative and normative influences is most significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual Reality (VR) technology has become a powerful tool for Second Language (L2) learning, but few studies have explored the factors influencing learners' experiences and intentions, particularly in developing countries like India. The purpose of the study is to reveal both the reception of VR technology for L2 learning in India and the factors that affect this reception process. The present study combines factors based on the Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory, Flow theory, Theory of Planned behavior (TPB), and Technology acceptance theory (TAM) to scrutinize the learners' experiences regarding the potential benefits virtual technology offers for language learning. The study used a quantitative research design along with descriptive and inferential statistics to validate the proposed model. Data collected from 200 learners via an online questionnaire was analysed using SPSS v26 to answer the research questions formulated regarding which factors influenced learners' behavioral intention to use VR technology. Based on the findings, it was concluded that service compatibility, observability, trialability, and spatial presence influenced learners' perceptions of relative ease and advantage of language learning and their flow experiences positively and significantly, while perceived service complexity influenced learners' perceptions negatively. Moreover, the behavioral intention to embrace VR technology was positively and significantly influenced by the learners' perceived relative advantage and flow experience. The implications of the results were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Through nature-based leisure activities, spending time in nature offers opportunities to reduce stress, relax the mind, and enhance feelings of well-being. Being aware of the benefits provided by these activities increases the nature relatedness, and during the time spent in nature, it enables experiencing positive and satisfying moments by entering into a state of flow. The concepts of nature-relatedness and flow experience represent psychological experiences and characteristics that play an important role in enhancing psychological wellbeing and life quality. Methods: Based on structural equation models, the relationships among naturerelatedness, flow experience, and environmental behaviors were investigated. Data were collected from 379 individuals (212 male, 167 female) who regularly engage in nature-based leisure activities such as cycling, hiking, and fishing. The participants were predominantly male (55.9%) and aged 45 years and over (53.3%). Results: The nature-relatedness significantly influences flow experience (R² = 0.505, p < 0.01), environmental behavior (R² = 0.108, p < 0.01), environmental sensitivity (R² = 0.137, p < 0.01), and communication with nature (R² = 0.200, p < 0.01). Specifically, nature-relatedness directly enhanced environmental sensitivity (0.494 total effect), environmental behavior (0.604 total effect), and communication with nature (0.599 total effect) and did so both directly and indirectly through the mediation of flow experience. Discussion: A higher level of nature-relatedness can lead to a stronger flow experience, which in turn can increase positive. environmental behavior, environmental sensitivity, and communication with nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Existing research has linked individuals' flow experience – a positive affective and cognitive state of deep immersion and engagement in daily activities – and their well‐being, particularly among university students. A growing number of longitudinal studies have further contributed to this understanding. However, limited attention has been given to exploring the dynamic interplay between these two variables and their underlying mechanisms (i.e., the mediator) of psychological resilience, specifically among university students in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Aims: To address this research gap, the present study draws on self‐determination, flow and broaden‐and‐build theories. It examines the temporal dynamics and relationships between flow experience and well‐being, and the mediating role of psychological resilience among Chinese university students. Sample: The study adopts a three‐wave longitudinal design with a sample of 474 university students in Southwest China. Methods: Participants' flow experience, well‐being and psychological resilience were measured across three time waves. Results: The findings of this study reveal that flow experience predicts well‐being across the three waves and that psychological resilience mediates this prediction. This empirical evidence emphasizes the significance of both flow experience and psychological resilience in contributing to the well‐being of university students over time amid COVID‐19. Conclusions: These findings enrich our understanding of the factors contributing to well‐being in educational settings and provide highly relevant and timely insights for developing strategies to foster well‐being among university students, especially in the transition into the post‐pandemic era; findings also offer valuable insights not only for researchers but also for educators and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short video platforms have problems with increased competition and low advertising conversion rates. Although social presence is closely related to consumer engagement, research regarding the impact of social presence on consumer engagement in short video-embedded advertisements is sparse. We developed a theoretical model, namely a social presence–flow experience–advertising avoidance–advertising engagement model, and explored the mechanism underlying advertising engagement from a psychological and behavioral perspective. The analysis of 563 short video users revealed that the model exhibited excellent explanatory power for advertising engagement (R2 = 41.3%). Social presence can increase consumers' advertising engagement by enhancing flow experience and reducing advertising avoidance. Meanwhile, the flow experience, by diminishing advertising avoidance, generates a serial mediation effect between social presence and advertising engagement. This study emphasizes social presence's applicability and influence mechanism in short video-embedded advertisements, a unidirectional information delivery. It provides new theoretical perspectives and practical advice for relevant practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the leisure involvement, flow experience, and life satisfaction levels of fitness center members according to the gender and physical activity participation frequency variables. At the same time, the correlations between leisure involvement, flow experience and life satisfaction were identified. The research included a total of 309 fitness center members comprising 147 women and 162 men. Participants responded to the Leisure Involvement Scale, Recreational Flow Experience Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Analysis of data used descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA, MANOVA, correlation and regression tests. According to physical activity participation frequency, the leisure involvement subdimensions, flow experience and life satisfaction mean scores were identified to differ at significant levels (p<0.05). For the variables with significant difference identified, fitness center members participating in weekly physical activity more often had higher mean scores compared to others. Correlation analysis results found significant and positive levels of correlation between leisure involvement, flow experience and life satisfaction mean scores (p<0.05). According to the results of regression analysis, leisure involvement was a significant predictor of flow experience and life satisfaction. In conclusion, individuals participating in physical activity more frequently had an increase in leisure involvement levels, along with increases in flow experience and life satisfaction levels. Based on this, leisure involvement played a determinative role in the flow experience and life satisfaction levels of fitness center members who are regularly physically active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundWith the penetration of the “Internet+” into social life, the digitization of education has become a trend and national demand. Alongside the rise of the “Everyone Live Streaming” era, online live streaming class platforms have rapidly grown due to favorable user experiences.MethodsGrounded in the Expectation Confirmation Theory, this study employed questionnaire surveys to investigate the influence mechanism of perceived quality, flow experience, and perceived usefulness on individuals’ continuance usage intention of online live streaming class platforms.ResultsThrough the analysis of 773 survey responses, this study reveals several key findings. Firstly, perceived quality significantly and positively affects users’ intention to continue using the online live streaming class platforms. Secondly, flow experience partially mediates the relationship between perceived quality and continuance usage intention, underscoring its significance in user decision-making. Additionally, Perceived usefulness negatively moderates the relationship between perceived quality and flow experience, demonstrating varied effects.ConclusionOn the one hand, online live streaming platforms should actively invest in improving the quality of user perception, as this can lead to a better user flow experience and continued willingness to use. On the other hand, they should also pay more attention to the user’s flow experience, which has a direct impact on the user’s propensity to continue to use. Besides, the perceived usefulness of the online live class by the user should also be taken seriously.

Fenxia Huang Basic Education College, Putian University, Putian, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Fenxia Huang, Email fenxiahuang@163.comObjective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between trait mindfulness, flow experience, learning engagement, and depression among elementary pre-service teachers.Methods: We employed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Flow Experience Scale, Learning Engagement Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to assess 614 elementary pre-service teachers.Results: Trait mindfulness in elementary pre-service teachers negatively predicts depression. Trait mindfulness indirectly impacts depression through flow experience and learning engagement. Furthermore, flow experience and learning engagement serve as mediating factors in the relationship between trait mindfulness and depression among elementary pre-service teachers.Conclusion: Flow experience and learning engagement play a mediating role in the relationship between trait mindfulness and depression among elementary pre-service teachers. This study enriches our understanding of depression cognitive theory, emphasizing the positive influence of internal resources on depression prevention. Additionally, it provides a deeper explanation of the mechanism through which trait mindfulness affects depression, offering valuable insights for future depression intervention programs.Keywords: elementary pre-service teachers, trait mindfulness, flow experience, learning engagement, depression

Short video advertisements are a novel and influential medium for promoting furniture products, but their effects on consumers’ purchase intentions remain underexplored. This study applies the extended stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework, a psychological theory that elucidates how stimuli (short video ads), organisms (consumers), and responses (purchase intentions) are interrelated. This study quantitatively examines these relationships using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results reveal that the Flow experience and Telepresence experience significantly affect purchase intentions, indicating that consumers who experience high levels of engagement and immersion while viewing short furniture-related video ads are more likely to exhibit buying behavior. This study also identifies three critical antecedents of the Telepresence experience: social influence, perceived entertainment value, and perceived interactivity. These factors may enhance the effectiveness of short-form video advertising by increasing consumer interaction and engagement. Moreover, convenience conditions, perceived entertainment value, and media richness significantly influence consumers’ flow experience. This suggests that these factors should be considered when designing short video advertisements to optimize consumers’ flow experience and thus increase purchase intentions. This study provides empirical evidence for the SOR framework, investigates the impact of short video advertisements on furniture consumers’ purchase intention, and offers practical implications and recommendations for marketing practitioners.

Short video platforms have problems with increased competition and low advertising conversion rates. Although social presence is closely related to consumer engagement, research regarding the impact of social presence on consumer engagement in short video-embedded advertisements is sparse. We developed a theoretical model, namely a social presence–flow experience–advertising avoidance–advertising engagement model, and explored the mechanism underlying advertising engagement from a psychological and behavioral perspective. The analysis of 563 short video users revealed that the model exhibited excellent explanatory power for advertising engagement (R2 = 41.3%). Social presence can increase consumers’ advertising engagement by enhancing flow experience and reducing advertising avoidance. Meanwhile, the flow experience, by diminishing advertising avoidance, generates a serial mediation effect between social presence and advertising engagement. This study emphasizes social presence’s applicability and influence mechanism in short video-embedded advertisements, a unidirectional information delivery. It provides new theoretical perspectives and practical advice for relevant practitioners.

With the development of digital media, an increasing number of new technologies are being used in cultural communication, and virtual reality (VR) technology for cultural communication has become a modern tool of transmission. To investigate the factors that influence rural cultural identity (RCI) through technical interaction (TI) and technology acceptance (TA) in VR in cultural communication, this study initially constructed a model of the influence path mediated by embodied cognition (EC) and flow experience (FE) based on compensatory media, technology acceptance, embodied cognition and flow experience theory. All participants had experienced some rural historical and cultural VR work and then completed a corresponding questionnaire. A total of 356 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS software. The results indicated that the technological interaction and acceptance of VR influenced identification with rural culture through the mediating role of embodied cognition and flow experience. These findings provide a reference for strengthening audiences' embodied cognition and flow experience to promote their rural cultural identity. When VR technology is used to communicate culture, its technological interaction and acceptance can be improved to provide audiences with a better experience and perhaps influence the development of local tourism.

AbstractThis study initiates an investigation into an underexplored topic, aiming to understand the mechanism of conceptual elements of flow experience theory: enjoyment, control, focus, and clear goals drive the tourist’s length of stay (LOS). To enhance understanding, this study investigates the impact of destination value and destination love as additional outcomes of flow experience and examines how these variables contribute to the relationship between flow experience and LOS. The data in this study was collected from domestic and worldwide tourists visiting various tourist destinations in Indonesia using an English-language online questionnaire. A variance-based structural equation model (PLS-SEM) is used to evaluate each set of relationships between variables. The present study identifies that enjoyment, control, attention, and clear goals significantly influence the length of tourist stays through the experience of flow. Additionally, the experience of flow generates both value and a meaningful love with the destination. Moreover, destination love stems from destination value, further contributing to the relationship between flow experience and LOS. This exploratory study constructs a comprehensive model, offering a valuable resource for destination managers aiming to increase LOS and optimize benefits from tourist arrivals.

Flow experience in recreational flights not only can have positive psychological effects and individual satisfaction, but recollection and storytelling of this experience can be considered a marketing tool for tourism destinations. This study aims to examine the influence of experience gained from recreational flights on behavioural intentions of flight site users and the mediating role of satisfaction، recollection and storytelling. Employing a quantitative approach and gathering data from 279 respondents at two prominent recreational flight sites in Iran, the analysis conducted through Partial Least Squares (PLS) discovered a significant impact of flow experience on satisfaction, recollection, storytelling, and behavioural intention. Moreover, it was found that satisfaction, recollection, and storytelling mediate the connection between flow experience and behavioural intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Background Method Results Conclusions Flow, a psychological state of intense engagement in and enjoyment of an activity, can arise during both solitary and socially interactive experiences. In the literature, whereas people high in extraversion have difficulty achieving flow in solitude, those with an autotelic personality—a combination of traits that make people prone to flow—readily experience flow in both solitary and interactive conditions. In this pre‐registered experiment, we investigated whether autotelic personality mitigates the negative association between solitary flow and extraversion.Participants and their romantic partners (final N = 368) played the game Perfection™ in three conditions (order was counterbalanced): alone (solitary condition), in the presence of their partner without interaction (mere‐presence condition), and collaboratively (interactive condition).There were independent, positive main effects of extraversion and autotelic personality on flow experience in mere‐presence and interactive conditions. However, the positive effect of extraversion on solitary flow was only significant among participants with high (vs. low) autotelic personality. In all conditions, flow experience was associated with greater low‐arousal positive affect and lesser high‐arousal negative affect.The findings shed light on the role of personality in promoting solitary flow experiences, and particularly how traits might interact to determine optimal and non‐optimal conditions for achieving flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has provided evidence supporting a positive correlation between emotional intelligence (EI) and flow. However, intriguing findings in the liquor manufacturing industry prompt me to consider the necessity of examining the effects of leader-subordinate EI congruence on flow. Therefore, this article begins with two questions: First, what is the impact of leader-subordinate EI congruence on flow? Second, do two distinct congruent scenarios (i.e., high-high and low-low) exhibit significant nuances that differentially influence flow? To answer these questions, this study utilizes polynomial regression and three-dimensional response surface analysis methods. A multi-source and three-phase investigation method was used to collect data from 279 subordinates and 56 leaders in the liquor manufacturing industry. Based on the person-environment (PE) fit theory, this study investigates the influence of leader-subordinate EI congruence on flow while considering leader-member exchange (LMX) as a mediator in these processes. The current study not only demonstrates a positive relationship between leader-subordinate EI congruence and LMX, but also reveals that a high-high EI matching pattern can enhance the favorable dynamics of congruence and yield higher LMX compared to a low-low matching pattern. Furthermore, this study identifies LMX as a mediator in the positive relationship between leader-subordinate EI congruence and flow. Additionally, although the incongruent scenarios are beyond the scope of this study, the findings demonstrate that a high EI subordinate paired with a low EI leader has a more detrimental impact on the LMX than a low EI subordinate paired with a high EI leader. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]