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The special physical preparation as component of educational-battle to activity of students in the period of flying preparation and its influence on a capacity and safety of flights is shown. A role and value of raid of clock, special physical preparation of students of flying composition in accordance with the specific of military-professional and educational activity is considered. Facilities of the special physical preparation are presented: gymnastics, swimming, ski preparation, track-and-field, special trainings shells. The elements of the system of preparation of students of flying specialities are certain. Components, elements and factors of the special physical preparation in the period of flying preparation of students of different courses, step-up their physical and psychological preparedness are considered. Attention on providing of terms of safety of flights is accented., Показана специальная физическая подготовка как компонент учебно-боевой деятельности курсантов в период летной подготовки и ее влияние на работоспособность и безопасность полетов. Рассмотрена роль и значение налёта часов, специальной физической подготовки курсантов лётного состава в соответствии со спецификой военно-профессиональной и учебной деятельности. Представлены средства специальной физической подготовки: гимнастика, плавание, лыжная подготовка, легкая атлетика, специальные тренировочные снаряды. Определены элементы системы подготовки курсантов летных специальностей. Рассмотрены компоненты, элементы и факторы специальной физической подготовки в период летной подготовки курсантов разных курсов, повышающие их физическую и психологическую подготовленность. Акцентировано внимание на обеспечение условий безопасности полетов., Показана спеціальна фізична підготовка як компонент учбово-бойовий діяльності курсантів в період льотної підготовки і її вплив на працездатність і безпеку польотів. Розглянуто роль і значення нальоту годин, спеціальної фізичної підготовки курсантів льотного складу відповідно до специфіки військово-професійної і учбової діяльності. Представлені засоби спеціальної фізичної підготовки: гімнастика, плавання, лижна підготовка, легка атлетика, спеціальні тренувальні снаряди. Визначені елементи системи підготовки курсантів льотних спеціальностей. Розглянуто компоненти, елементи і чинники спеціальної фізичної підготовки в період льотної підготовки курсантів різних курсів, що підвищують їх фізичну і психологічну підготовленість. Акцентована увага на забезпеченні умов безпеки польотів.

Text in Turkish ; Abstract: Turkish and English Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-182) xvii, 183 leaves Uçma ve bu edimi gerçekleştiren kanatlar, çağlar boyu inanç dünyasında irdelenmiş ve soyutlamalar inceleme konusu olmuştur. Ayrıca uçma edimi, insan psikolojisi ve Leonardo'nun bu konudaki araştırmaları örneklenerek araştırılmış ve kanat sembolünün ikilemleri, sanatta biçim, algıalımlama sorunları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Son olarak da, günümüz sanatında düşüncenin görselleşmesi yine kısa bir tarihsel geçiş ve örneklerle verilmek istenmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler; biçim, algı psikolojisi, uçma ve kanat sanatçıların özellikle ilgi duydukları bir tema olmuştur. Araştırmanın özünde kanat tematik olarak ele alınmış, etimolojik ve aerodinamik yönleri incelenmiştir. Konu, tarihsel bir geçiş yapılarak anlatılmaya çalışılmış, kanadın, inanç dünyasındaki yeri, paganizmde ve tek tanrılı dinlerdeki rolü, önemle vurgulanmıştır. Sanat alanında kanadın simgesel varlığının görselleştirilmesi incelenmiş ve bu alanda Çağdaş sanatta üç boyutlu yapıtlar üreten Brancusi ve uzun araştırmalara konu olan, kuş ve kanat soyutlamaları irdelenmiş, son olarak da günümüz sanatında düşüncenin görselleşmesi yine örneklerle anlatıma sunulmak istenmiştir. Avian forms and the Wings accomplishing the act of flying have been elaborated thoroughly for centuries in religious beliefs which have led to various analysis for abstractions. In addition, the act of flying, human psychology and Leonardo's research on the subject have been illustratively studied. Attempts have been made to explain the dilemma of the symbol of wings, the artistic form and the perceptual problems. Finally, the visualization of the thought is being depicted in today's art through a short historical transition and examples. Keywords; form, perceptual psychology, flying, wings have always been a subject that artists have highly been interested in. In this research, the wing has been analyzed thematically and its etymologic and aerodynamic aspects have been studied. The subject has been explained through the history; and the role of the wing in religious belief and in paganism has been emphasized. The visualization of the symbolic existence of the wings has been explored. In this respect, contemporary artist Brancusi's three-dimensional works and his bird and wing abstractions have been researched in great detail. Finally, the visualization of the thought in today's art has been explained through examples. Giriş Uçmak Kelimesinin Etimolojisi Mitolojide Kanatlı Varlıklar Yunan Kültüründe Kanatlı Varlıklar Hermes Nike – Viktorya Nemesis Artemis Eros Pegasos Sfenks – Sphinx İkaros ve Daidalos Kadim Yakındoğu Mitolojisinde Kanatlı Varlıklar Tek Tanrılı Dinlerde Kanatlı Varlıklar İsrafil Cebrail Mikail Azrail Burak Dabbet’ül-arz Simurg Uçmanın sembolu Kanat Formunda Düalite Aerodinamik Yasalar ve Uçmanın Formu Sanatta Biçim ve Algı Psikolojisi Brancusi’nin Kanatsız Kuşları Uçmak Edimi ve İnsan Psikolojisi Leonardo’dan Hezarfen’e Uçma İsteği Günümüz Sanatında Düşüncenin Görselleşmesi Görselleşen Düşüncenin Tarihsel Geçişi Sonuç

The effect of altitudinal variation on the seasonal flight activity of Rhagoletis cerasi (Linnaeus) flies was evaluated along an altitudinal gradient from 150 to 1170hairspm in Mount Uludag, northwestern Turkey. The predicted dates of fly emergence, flight duration and dates of 5%, 50% and 95% cumulative fly catches at various altitudes were estimated from a degree-day model. Degree-day predictions were compared with those obtained from observations made with yellow sticky traps. The observed and predicted dates of appearance of adults were delayed by 1.4 and 2.0 days for every 100hairspm increase in altitude, respectively. The delay in phenology events was less at high altitudes than postulated by Hopkins' bioclimatic law, whether observed or predicted. The average absolute difference in predicted and observed dates of cumulative percentage catch of adults was 4.9 and 3.0 days in 1997 and 1998, respectively, but these differences were not significant. Prolonged flight activity was predicted and observed at higher altitudes, but the flight period lasted significantly longer than predicted. The observed flight period varied from 29 to 43 days in 1997 and from 36 to 52 days in 1998 between the lowest and highest altitude on the transect. Altitudinal variation between geographically close locations should be taken into account to properly time monitoring activities and hence to manage R. cerasi populations more effectively.

Sustained vigilance is required by pilots and crew during flight; therefore, the use of antihistamines with sedating properties is widely prohibited. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of desloratadine, a long-acting, nonsedating antihistamine, on healthy volunteers placed under conditions of simulated cabin pressure. Methods: In a double-blind crossover study, 21 subjects randomly received single doses of desloratadine 5 mg, diphenhydramine 50 mg (active control), and placebo on different days separated by washout periods of 7 d. On test days, predose levels of alertness and fatigue were determined, as were post-dose levels at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 h. Measurements included vigilance and tracking, a multi-attribute task battery, the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and pulse oximetry. Results: Desloratadine had no detrimental effects on sleepiness or performance of tasks associated with flying ability. Conversely, diphenhydramine (active control) caused significantly more sleepiness than did the placebo [F (2,40) = 6.52, p < 0.01], as well as impaired performance (tracking performance p < 0.05 at 3 h post dose), and an increased percentage of omissions (p < 0.05 at 2 h post dose). Conclusion: A single dose of desloratadine 5 mg did not cause sleepiness and did not impair the performance of tasks associated with flying ability.

Sustained vigilance is required by pilots and crew during flight; therefore, the use of antihistamines with sedating properties is widely prohibited. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of desloratadine, a long-acting, nonsedating antihistamine, on healthy volunteers placed under conditions of simulated cabin pressure. Methods: In a double-blind crossover study, 21 subjects randomly received single doses of desloratadine 5 mg, diphenhydramine 50 mg (active control), and placebo on different days separated by washout periods of 7 d. On test days, predose levels of alertness and fatigue were determined, as were post-dose levels at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 h. Measurements included vigilance and tracking, a multi-attribute task battery, the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and pulse oximetry. Results: Desloratadine had no detrimental effects on sleepiness or performance of tasks associated with flying ability. Conversely, diphenhydramine (active control) caused significantly more sleepiness than did the placebo [F (2,40) = 6.52, p < 0.01], as well as impaired performance (tracking performance p < 0.05 at 3 h post dose), and an increased percentage of omissions (p < 0.05 at 2 h post dose). Conclusion: A single dose of desloratadine 5 mg did not cause sleepiness and did not impair the performance of tasks associated with flying ability.