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Carica fruit (Carica pubescens, Lenne) which is a unique-typical fruit and well listed as a geographical indication product of Wonosobo region Indonesia has high content of vitamin C and potassium (50-100 mg / 100g; 125 ppm). The basic formula (control) consisted of puree and filtrate carica 22.88%, kappa-carrageenan 0.11%, agar 0.08%, konjak glukomanan 0.11%, citric acid 0.08%, sucrose 15.26% and water up to 100%, respectively. The results showed that: 1) the formula with desirability value 0.91 consisting of puree: filtrate = 10,85: 14,5% and sucrose: low-calorie sugar brand X = 7,13: 1.4% resulted in maximum sensory response (sensory score range 1-9) of preference (score 5.5), in range response of elasticity and sweetness (score 5.9 and 5.4); 2) Compared to control, the optimum formula has higher sensory score of fruity flavor, sour aroma, acid taste, and softness (mouthfeel), while texture (springinss and rigidity), sweetness aroma and taste has no different; 3) The optimum formula has similar in hedonic preference with control; 4) Carica jelly drinks with optimum formula has lower carbohydrate, sugar, and energy values (13.59 and 7.4%wb; 40.52Kcal/100g, respectively) than controls (20.37 and 17.42 % wb; 83,16Kcal/100g, respectively).

Skyr yogurts have been gaining prominence because of their different sensory characteristics. Due to their healthy appeal, the use of natural sweeteners to replace sucrose in this type of yogurt can be an alternative for incorporating a sweet taste, in addition to increasing the functionality of the product through the incorporation of prebiotics. This study aimed to determine whether the addition of fructooligosaccharide (FOS), sucrose, stevia, and thaumatin affects the sensory profile of the skyr yogurt with mango pulp and its acceptance in two Brazilian regions. Eight formulations of skyr with mango pulp were developed. The compositional parameters evaluated were moisture, protein, lipids, ash, and carbohydrate. The tests performed were ideal sweetness and mango flavor, sweetness equivalence for each sweetener used, Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA), and consumer testing in the Southeast and Northeast regions of Brazil. In general, the addition of FOS did not impact the characteristics of the formulated skyr yogurt. The type of sweetener had an impact on the sensory profile and acceptance of the skyr yogurt, affected characteristics such as mango flavor, sweet taste, sweet aftertaste, bitter taste, bitter aftertaste, and metallic flavor. The results of the affective test demonstrated that, for consumers in the Southeast, mango flavor is a positive attribute in this yogurt, and for Northeastern consumers, in addition to mango flavor, sweetness must also be taken into consideration. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study may be useful for the dairy industry because in the literature, there is still a lack of sensory studies of skyr yogurt, especially when sucrose substitutes are used. The results of the consumer test in this work reinforce the importance of studies related to consumer preferences with cultural differences.

Doubanjiang-meju has been used as an intermediate for producing Pixian Douban (PXDB) and contributes significantly to its flavor. In this study, a profiling analysis of volatile compounds in open fermented doubanjiang-meju (OFD) and closed fermented doubanjiang-meju (CFD) was performed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O). A total of 42 and 50 volatile compounds were identified in the OFD and CFD, respectively. Compared with the OFD, more diversity and higher concentrations of alcohols and esters were found in the CFD. Ten and 12 volatile compounds were finally identified as the major aroma-active compounds in the OFD and CFD, respectively, by the combined analysis of aroma intensity values and odor activity values (OAVs). The CFD had significantly stronger umami and soy sauce flavor but weaker beany when compared with the OFD (p

The key aroma compounds in the fruit of Litsea pungens Hemsl. (LPH) were concentrated through solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS/O), quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), odor activity values (OAVs), and addition test. The results showed that LPH contained 31 aroma-active compounds (flavor dilution, FD = 9). Among them, 30 odorants were quantified by the standard curve method. The OAV analysis results showed that 25 odorants had OAVs ≥ 1, which could be considered as the potent odorants. D-Limonene and 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal had the highest OAVs (OAV = 9803 and 8399), followed by (Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal (OAV = 1893), β-myrcene (OAV = 1798), (E)-3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid ethyl (OAV = 1603), and β-caryophyllene (OAV = 1129). Addition experiments further confirmed that 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal, (Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal, and D-limonene contributed to lemon attribute, β-myrcene contributed to green attribute, citronellal contributed to mint and fresh note, and eucalyptol contributed to eucalyptus-like note were the key odorants.

To investigate the impacts of wort gravity on perceived aroma characteristic of Tsingtao beer, sensory-directed flavor approaches, including sensory quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O), and aroma recombination experiments were employed. The result of QDA revealed that the aroma intensities of Tsingtao beer varied with the wort gravity. GC–MS determined 50 volatile compounds in all from the four kinds of Tsingtao beer samples with different wort gravity. Concentrations of most compounds were positively correlated with beer wort gravity. Then 39 aroma-active compounds in the four beer samples were identified by GC-O, and 33 of them were found exited in Y4 sample with the highest wort gravity. The aroma recombination experiments showed that aroma-active compounds with AI ≥ 1 (GC–O detected) could simulate the aroma profile, indicating these compounds were aroma perceived compounds. There were 16, 17, 19 and 23 aroma perceived compounds in the four kinds of samples, respectively, indicating Y4 had the most abundant aroma perceived compounds.

Sensory acceptability of value‐added bean products is a critical determinant of their consumption. This study determined the factors influencing consumer preference of processed beans. Dry common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) processed by boiling, roasting, and extrusion were milled into flour and used to make bean sauces. The sauces were evaluated by 10 panelists using quantitative descriptive analysis and ranked by 120 consumers for preference. The factors influencing consumer preference were computed by a partial least squares regression model. The results showed that sauces were more distinguishable by appearance, taste, and mouth‐feel than by aroma, flavor, and after‐taste. Sauces that were brown in color, with burnt aroma and burnt after‐taste were preferred to those that were described as lumpy with mashed potato flavor. Oven roasted beans and boiled beans were preferred to traditionally roasted, extruded, and unprocessed beans. Preference was significantly (p, Different processing methods yielded bean sauces more distinguishable by appearance, taste, and mouth‐feel than by aroma, flavor, and after‐taste. Sauces that were brown in color, with burnt aroma and burnt after‐taste were preferred to those that were described as lumpy with mashed potato flavor. Oven roasted beans and boiled beans were preferred to traditionally roasted, extruded, and unprocessed beans.

Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is a plant endemic to North Sumatra. Its fruit has a very specific citrus-like aroma, gives a tingling sensation and is commonly used for seasoning in Bataknese traditional cuisine. To extend the shelf life and preserve the quality of andaliman fruit, post-harvest handling is needed. Seven drying methods were applied and compared, i.e. sun, air, fluidized bed, oven, far infrared, freeze, and spray drying. Considering the physicochemical and sensory properties and efficiency, oven drying was selected for further study. The optimum condition for drying was temperature at 54 °C for 8 h resulting in 0.67 desirability level based on the response surface method (RSM). Spray drying encapsulation of andaliman fruit extract was performed at an inlet temperature of 150 °C with an extract to carrier ratio of 1:8. Maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA) with a ratio of 3:2 was chosen as the carrier agent. The quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) result showed that the encapsulated andaliman powder had a flavor that resembled fresh andaliman with a more pronounced taste, a citrus-like trigeminal sensation, and a sour floral citrusy aroma.

Loess Plateau is a new rapidly developing wine region in China, but wine style from this region is rarely studied. The aroma typicalies and differences of Cabernet Sauvignon wines between Loess Plateau and other three main regions (Shandong, Ningxia and Xinjiang) in China were comprehensively analyzed by Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA®), Napping® and Gas Chromatography–Olfactometry (GC–O) analysis. Results showed that differences existed between wines from Loess Plateau and other three regions in China based on their aroma characteristics. The results of QDA® and Napping® revealed that wines from Loess Plateau had richer fruity aroma, especially the typical hawthorn aroma. A similar result showed that the fruity compounds had higher flavor dilution factors in wines from Loess Plateau by aroma extract dilution analysis. Identified by GC–O and gas chromatography–mass spectrometric, ethyl butanoate, isoamyl formate and butyl acetate were key compounds for the fruity aroma of wines from Loess Plateau.

Excess sodium in foods is one of the factors in chronic non-communicable diseases whose importance is on the rise. Thus, the aim of this study was to optimize a replacement for sodium in an appetizer-type Mignon cracker on an industrial scale. For this, a mixture design consisting of seven formulations were prepared with sodium replacement ranging between 30 and 60 %. The partial sodium replacement used industrial ingredients (Nutek Salt and PuraQ NA4, and modified KCl and flavor), to assess the impact on sodium content and texture (hardness). No significant differences were found in the hardness attribute. Sodium reduction ranged from 943.43 to 637.21 mg 100 g–1, and formulation 7 (F7) with 60 % replacement could cash in on the “Reduced in sodium” appeal. A sensory Quantitative Descriptive Analysis accessed the sensory profiles of formulations, and significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) in salty taste, sweet taste, bread aroma, and formulation 4 (40 % replacement) but were not significantly different from the formulation in salty taste. In PCA, the first main component showed variability between samples of 84.6 %, while the second axis explained 11.5 % of this variability. Acceptance (taste and overall quality) and purchase intention (above > 70 %) showed that the substitution did not affect consumers’ perceptions, with no significant difference between controls, F4 and F7.

The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of production season on sensory attributes of artisanal smoked dry-cured ham and to elaborate findings by non-parametric testing and principal component analysis. Artisanal drycured hams (73 samples) were collected on open market during five consecutive production seasons from the year 2011 to 2015, and quantitative descriptive analysis was performed. The results showed that 10 out of 18 sensory attributes were significantly different (P

Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. Different types of tea provide different sensory profiles. The present study aimed to evaluate sensory characteristics of green tea by analytical sensory evaluations through QDA (Quantitative Descriptive Analysis) and CATA (Check-All-That-Apply) methods. The sensory characteristics of green tea from three different countries (China, Thailand and Indonesia) were evaluated using QDA by trained panels and CATA by consumer panels. The QDA method revealed sensory characteristics of green tea, while CATA method presented information on consumer preferences towards the most desirable characteristics of green tea. The results showed that green tea has dominant characteristics of bitter taste, astringent aftertaste, green flavor, fermented flavor and dry aroma. Moreover, floral aroma and flavor in green tea have considerable influences on the panelist preferences. However, “nice to have” attribute was not found in the penalty analysis. The “must have” attribute in green tea was floral aroma, while the “must not have” attributes were burned aroma, burned flavor and dry aroma.

O queijo de Coalho é o mais tradicional e um dos mais difundidos e fabricados na região Nordeste do Brasil, porém vem se tornando mais popular em outras regiões do país. O objetivo principal desse trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos sensoriais do queijo de Coalho em cinco tempos de estocagem refrigerada: 8, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias. Foram avaliadas três tecnologias de produção de queijo de Coalho: por acidificação direta (com adição de ácido lático), com utilização de fermento mesofílico aromático (sem adição de ácido) e o queijo sem adição de ácido lático e de fermento. Pelo método de Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) 10 provadores treinados avaliaram os seguintes descritores: aspecto global, cor externa, odor característico, resistência ao derretimento, textura, ranger ao mastigar, gosto ácido, gosto salgado e sabor. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos para os atributos avaliados, com exceção do atributo textura. O tempo foi fundamental nas análises realizadas, portanto sugere-se que o queijo de Coalho seja consumido o mais rápido possível para manter suas características típicas.

Nutritional profile of white chocolate is discussed for its high contents of sugar and fat, without benefits provided by cocoa polyphenols present in milk and dark chocolate. Thus, fruit addition may increase its nutritional characteristics. In this study, white chocolates with freeze-dried and spray-dried açai ( Euterpe oleracea) were developed and their sensory characteristics were mapped through quantitative descriptive analysis and consumers' acceptance. Samples were submitted to three different conching times (6, 12, and 18 hours). Quantitative descriptive analysis results suggest type of dehydrated açai had much greater impact over samples' sensory characteristics than conching time, freeze-dried açai samples having greater intensity of açai sensory features, while spray-dried açai samples showing predominance of white chocolate sensory characteristics. Conching time had impact over texture of freeze-dried açai samples, since assessors considered sample conched for only 6 h was significantly harder and less melting than samples conched for 12 and 18 h. Consumer’s acceptance analysis results showed that freeze-dried açai samples were more widely accepted by consumers for appearance, aroma, and texture, and exhibited segmentation of acceptance for flavor and overall liking, although freeze-dried açai samples conched for 12 and 18 h were more accepted than sample conched only for 6 h.

Background Mushroom possesses desirable aroma, taste, texture, health-promoting and disease-preventing dietary components, making it an ideal ingredient, especially for animal-based food substitution. Nevertheless, no study has replaced egg whites partially with mushrooms and investigated their sensory quality. This study aimed to investigate flavor impartment of mushroom on egg whites and the sensory quality of roasting and steaming egg whites replaced by white and crimini mushrooms at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively, using a panel trained with aroma chemical references for 31 sensory attributes with 0-10 line scales. Results Roasted and steamed egg whites possessed major sensory attributes of sulfury and egg-like aroma and flavor (intensities > 3). After mushroom topping was added, the dominant sensory attributes shifted to mushroom-based flavor characteristics, including mushroom-like, earthy, dark meat, roasted, hay, soybean, potato, woody, umami, bitter, astringent and firmness texture. Mushroom variety showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) impacts on egg white sensory quality, with crimini introducing more intense flavor. The higher the mushroom proportion with egg whites, the more intense was the flavor associated with mushroom. Mushroom could enhance egg-like flavor in multiple dimensions, including aroma, taste and texture, according to partial least square regression. Conclusion White and crimini mushrooms enriched roasted and steamed egg white sensory quality with introduction of characteristic sensory attributes from mushrooms. Mushroom variety and proportion with egg whites displayed significant impacts on egg white sensory properties. The study contributed to understanding the impact of mushrooms on egg white sensory profile and served as a guide in incorporating mushroom in product development. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

A oliveira (Olea europaea L.) é composta por folhas que podem ser consumidas, mas costumam ser descartadas pela colheita mecanizada. Uma alternativa para viabilizar o descarte das folhas de oliveiras, é elaborar a farinha de folha de oliveira (FFO) realizando o aproveitamento. Com isso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi elaborar um pão de queijo vegetariano adicionado de farinha da folha de oliveira a fim de viabilizar uma nova alternativa de aproveitamento tecnológico desse resíduo. Foram desenvolvidas cinco formulações de pães de queijo, alterando-se a quantidade de farinha das folhas de oliveira adicionada (0,95 – 2,85%) e submetidas a avaliação das características sensoriais pelo método de Análise Descritiva Quantitativa. Os resultados demonstraram que, dentre os quinze atributos avaliados, os sabores herbáceo, amargo e de queijo juntamente com o aroma herbáceo apresentaram diferença significativa. Entre os atributos analisados, a FFO contribuiu para o maior sabor amargo dos pães de queijo, seguido de sabor e aroma herbáceo. Conclui-se que foi possível elaborar um pão de queijo vegetariano adicionado de farinha de folha de oliveira como uma alternativa de aproveitamento tecnológico desse resíduo.

Hydroponic ginseng (HG) is cultivated using only nutrients and water under constant environmental conditions and is more beneficial than soil-cultured ginseng (SG). This study aimed to determine the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties of HG-supplemented yogurt to develop high-value yogurt. HG (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) was added to yogurt formulations and fermented with a 0.1% starter. Antioxidant activities were determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. Semi-trained panelists performed a quantitative descriptive analysis for sensory evaluation. The number of starter cells increased more rapidly in ginseng extract-fortified yogurt than in the control group, shortening fermentation time. Regarding antioxidant assays, all HG extract-fortified yogurts showed higher antioxidant activity than the control group. In particular, the HG (0.5%) group showed better results than the SG group in the DPPH and reducing power assays, although the difference was not significant. The sensory scores of color, flavor, texture, taste, and overall acceptance of 0.5% HG-supplemented yogurt did not differ significantly from those of non-supplemented yogurt (control). This suggests that HG can be used in high-value dairy products as a supplement with bioactive properties for health in the food industry.

As an essential flavor condiment in Sichuan cuisine, Pixian Douban (PXDB) is usually produced by open fermentation process in strip pools or ceramic vats. In this study, an experiment of PXDB fermentation was conducted for 90 days in a closed system of gradient steady‐state temperature field (GSTF). To investigate the characterization of volatile compounds of PXDB in the closed system, the volatiles in three kinds of samples including samples of GSTF (SGT), samples of constant temperature (SCT), and samples of traditional fermentation (STF) were analyzed. The results showed that 75, 67, and 68 volatile compounds were detected in SGT, SCT, and STF, respectively. Compared with the traditional fermentation, the process in the closed system of GSTF was conducive to produce more kinds of esters and alcohols. A total of 22 major aroma active compounds were identified in three samples by combination analyses of gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GC‐O) and odor activity value (OAV). The appearance, smell, texture, and taste of the three different samples had shown different changes, but the sensory characteristics of the SGT were more similar to those of the STF by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) and principal component analysis (PCA). This study indicated that the closed system of GSTF could be applied in PXDB fermentation to obtain higher quality products, which brought a bright prospect of replacing the traditional fermentation process to realize the controllable industrialized production of PXDB., The results showed that flavor characteristics of SGT were similar to those of the STF. This study indicated that the closed system of GSTF could be applied in PXDB fermentation to obtain higher quality products, which brought a bright prospect of replacing the traditional fermentation process to realize the controllable industrialized production of PXDB.

Applewood (Feronia limonia) or ‘Kawista’ in Indonesia is a rare plant with a unique flavor. The research objective is to optimize the extraction process to get the best Applewood Flavor Extract (AFE) using a mono-factor design. Extraction was carried out in two stages; firstly, it was maceration with dichloromethane, glycerin, and alcohol solvents. Secondly, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with dichloromethane solvent. The best results are based on sensory values ​​, and UV-Vis analysis on maceration alcohol (70%) is 18 hours with stirring. The best LLE at 12 hours was obtained from alcohol-dichloromethane (ALC-DCM) extract with a yield 28.55% fruit pulp base. The ALC-DCM extract was then analyzed by the chemical components of GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, and sensory of the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) method. GC-MS analysis succeeded in characterizing 91 volatile compounds. LLE technique of ALC-DCM extract can increase the absorption of ester compounds by 66.67% compare with dichloromethane (DCM) extract. There are 30 organic compounds from LC-MS/MS analysis. The volatile chemical marker on ALC-DCM extract with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is the ester, and the aroma marker from QDA is apple-like and vinegar.

Heat and other processing treatments can adversely affect the sensory characteristic of milk and dairy products. Taste and aroma are the most affected and studied attributes in milk. This work reviewed the human sensory tests as well as the instrumental development in this field and their application in milk. For many years, human sensory-like discrimination (e.g., triangle and Duo-trio) and descriptive methods (e.g., quantitative descriptive analysis) have been used for milk assessment. The discrimination tests give general differences between samples, whereas descriptive methods give a more detailed description of the attributes and their intensity which is mostly measured by a 15-line scale. Affective methods were also applied to assess consumer acceptability using the hedonic scale (e.g., 9-point scale). Special facial scale successfully used to assess children acceptability instead of verbal scale. Application of GC/O, e-nose, and e-tongue in fluid milk assessment gives a more clear explanation of the flavor cause, development, and its impact character compounds. The e-nose and e-tongue showed comparable results with human sensory tests. Future enhancement and development in sensors can improve the response to cover a wide range of chemical compounds.

We evaluated the effect of frozen storage temperature and thawing methods on acceptance and sensory profile of steaks of Nellore beef strip loin under 30 days of frozen storage. Fresh strip loin (n = 13), collected two days after slaughter, were aged (2 °C) for 14 days and cut into seven steaks subjected to one of the treatments: control (unfrozen), combination of two freezing temperatures (−10 and −20 °C), and three thawing methods (microwave, ambient temperature, and refrigeration thawing). Steaks in the frozen/thawing treatment were frozen using an ultra-fast freezer until the desirable temperature was reached and were stored for 30 days. After cooking, steaks were analyzed by 11 panelists for the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA®) and by 120 beef consumers for acceptance. Storage temperature and thawing methods showed little or no changes in the sensory quality of strip loin steaks, detected by either panelists or consumers. In the QDA®, apparent juiciness was lower in samples thawed in microwave, while the rancid flavor was lower for samples frozen at −20 °C and thawed in refrigeration ( p < 0.05). The consumer test showed that samples stored at −10 °C and microwave thawing was most accepted in terms of tenderness, juiciness, and overall impression. Fresh steaks (unfrozen) had low acceptance for overall impression in relation to frozen meat. This indicates that consumers could use a household freezer (−10 °C) and quicker thawing methods (microwave or room temperature) without compromising the sensory perception of steaks frozen up to one month.

“Téa Lémi” is a traditional wine made from pummelos by the Kapsiki in the Far-North of Cameroon. Despite its importance as a source of income for the country people, the know-how supporting production of this beverage and its quality attributes still remain unknown. Hence, this study was aimed at describing the processing and quality of “Téa Lémi” produced and marketed in northern Cameroon. The field investigation and the ethnographical technique were used to describe the production process. Physicochemical, phytochemical, and microbiological properties of the beverage were examined using referenced techniques. Quantitative descriptive analysis was used for describing the sensory profile of the wine. Surveys showed that processing of the grapefruit wine is typically artisanal. This can be seen by the uncontrolled addition of some ingredients such as sugar, extract of banana, and honey and a significant fermentation step started by wild, unselected yeasts. The physicochemical analyses revealed that the wine had an acid pH of around 3.84, with a total acidity between 7.72 g/L and 8.79 g/L. The alcohol and soluble solids contents were 14% (v/v) and 12 °Brix, respectively. Total sugar and conductivity values ranged from 57.8 to 96.8 g/L and 573 to 686 μS/cm. Mean contents of polyphenols and flavonoids of 616.4 mg PE/L and 322.5 mg QE/L and an antioxidant capacity of 261.03 mg TE/L have been revealed in the indigenous wine, respectively. The assessment of hygienic quality showed alarming sign of microbiological contamination revealed by total aerobic bacteria and spore-forming bacteria counts beyond the critical level. The good sensory quality (13 out of 20) of the grapefruit wine seemed to be linked to the sweetness (r = 0.999; p < 0.001 ) and odor/flavor (r = 0.997; p < 0.001 ). The beverage has been described by the panel as pale yellow colored, slightly tart, and bitter accompanied by some fruity esters and sweet notes of citrus and caramelized sugar.

In recent years, non-alcoholic beers have presented a growth considered satisfactory and exciting for the brewing industry. Such growth is allied to a change in the consumer profile, in addition to changes in traffic laws. However, the consumer seeks a product considered healthier, but as tasty as the original. Thus, this study aimed to identify the influence of the alcoholic factor in sensory profile, through quantitative descriptive analysis and time intensity analysis of Pilsen beer samples. An acceptance test with 120 consumers of beer was performed. A quantitative descriptive analysis was carried out by 11 trained assessors to determine the sensory profile of beers. For identification of influences of alcohol factor in the dynamic profile of alcoholic flavor and bitter taste the time-intensity analysis were realized. The results demonstrate that alcohol factor influences both the quantitative descriptive profile and dynamic profile, in addition the correlations between the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA&reg, ) and hedonic data show that the alcoholic flavor and the alcoholic aroma are attributes that contribute positively to acceptance of samples. In view of the results, studies such as the present are of great importance for the improvement of product quality, directly reflecting a greater acceptance of beer consumers.

Roasting process impacts the chemical profile and aroma of roasted tea. To compare the impacts of far-infrared irradiation and drum roasting treatments (light, medium and heavy degrees), the corresponding roasted teas were prepared from steamed green tea for chemical analyses and quantitative descriptive analysis on aroma, and correlations between volatiles and aroma attributes were studied. There were 8 catechins, 13 flavonol glycosides and 105 volatiles quantified. Under heavy roasting treatments, most catechins and flavonol glycosides decreased, and aldehydes, ketones, furans, pyrroles/pyrazines, and miscellaneous greatly increased, while far-infrared irradiated teas had distinct nutty aroma compared with the roasty and burnt odor of drum roasted teas. The weighted correlation network analysis result showed that 56 volatiles were closely correlated with the aroma attributes of roasted teas. This study reveals the differential chemical and sensory changes of roasted teas caused by different roasting processes, and provides a novel way for flavor chemistry study.

Este estudo objetivou investigar as características sensoriais típicas dos queijos artesanais produzidos na microrregião de Araxá – MG, por meio da Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ). O levantamento dos termos descritores da amostra foi realizado por painelistas previamente selecionados. As amostras foram também submetidas ao teste de aceitação sensorial, com provadores não treinados, para analisar os atributos aparência, aroma, textura, sabor e aceitação geral. O teste de aceitação foi realizado em escala hedônica de 9 pontos. A caracterização físico-química dos queijos foi realizada determinando os teores de gordura, proteína, umidade, cinzas e cloreto de sódio. O perfil de textura também foi obtido por meio de analisador de textura TA.XT2. De acordo com o painel sensorial, os queijos exibiram coloração amarelo palha, com maior tonalidade na casca, alta firmeza e tendência a ser quebradiço, alta umidade, baixa quantidade de olhaduras, aroma característico tendendo a odor forte, sabor com alta acidez, e baixa tendência para o gosto salgado. Os queijos tiveram boa aceitação sensorial pelos provadores não treinados. Houve uma boa relação entre os resultados obtidos para as análises físico–químicas com os já realizados anteriormente na literatura, conseguindo, assim, melhor caracterizar fisicamente e quimicamente o queijo Minas artesanal da região de Araxá. Em relação à análise de textura foram encontrados poucos estudos na literatura que definam o perfil de textura para queijos Minas artesanais o que mostra a importância de encorajarmos mais estudos para melhor investigar as variações do perfil sensorial destes queijos.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different milk fat (MF, 0%, 1.5%, 3.3% (w/w)) or added sugar (AS, 0%, 3.5%, 7% (w/w)) levels on the sensory properties and consumer acceptability of probiotic set yogurts fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. The experimental yoghurt samples were compared with a control containing AS, 7% and MF, 3.3%. A quantitative descriptive analysis was conducted using 12 semi-trained panelists to evaluate the sensory profile of yogurts by rating the intensity of sensory descriptors on a 10 unit scale. Consumer preferences was determined using a group untrained individuals (n = 31) by applying the hedonic test for preference. Sensory mapping and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were conducted to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the consumer behavior. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) was conducted to compare the sensory profiling, consumer preference and instrumental data. Descriptive data showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the samples for 8 of the 15 attributes amalyzed, including flavor and texture parameters. PCA showed that more than 80% of consumers highly preferred the low-fat yogurt, basically due to its firmness. Overall, consumer preference decreases with the AS reduction. The sample containing zero sugar is the least preferred sample. The reduction of added sugar below 3.5% is a challenge in terms of retaining product quality., Food Science; Food Analysis; Added sugar; Milk fat; Yogurt

The major aroma-active compounds in clear red raspberry juice were identified by molecular sensory science approaches. Thirty-one aroma-active compounds were identified using detection frequency analysis and aroma extract dilution analysis. Among them, 18 volatiles with aroma activity in red raspberry were identified for the first time, while 14 volatiles with odor activity values (OAVs) ≥ 1 were confirmed as the major aroma-active compounds. Three C6 aldehydes showed the highest detection frequencies of 8, and β-ionone exhibited the highest OAV of 9507 and flavor dilution factor of 512, which indicated that the floral and grassy note could be dominant in overall aroma. Quantitative descriptive analysis suggested that the grassy, floral, woody, and caramel-like notes can be simulated using aroma recombination model 1. Electronic nose analysis also demonstrated that model 1 had closer similarity to the original juice than others. The combination strategy used here would help improve the knowledge of red raspberry aroma.

The objective of this study was to implement the osmodehydration process as a pre-treatment prior to the frying process for the preparation of yam nuggets, where the moisture, ash, fiber, protein, fat and carbohydrate content was evaluated according to A.O.A.C. (1990). The obtained nuggets were sensorially characterized with 11 trained testers using a 9 cm unstructured scale. Five treatments were evaluated by varying the amount of sodium chloride and sucrose (T1: 0, 0, T2: 2; 15, T3: 4; 30, T4: 6; 45, T5: 8; T1: 10, T2: 20, T3: 30, T4: 40, T5: 50) min and temperature (T1: 30, T2: 40, T3: 50, T4: 60, T5: 70) °C. Following the osmodehydration, the nuggets were subjected to immersion frying (180°C for 4 min). The data obtained was evaluated by means of an analysis of variance, Tukey's mean comparison test (p≤0.05). The physicochemical analysis showed statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) between the treatments, observing the influence of osmodehydration, where the increase in the values in the conditions of the process was reflected in the increase in the carbohydrate, fiber and ashes and decreased in moisture, fat and protein. For the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis, the tasters identified statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) for the attributes of color, odor, yam flavor, hardness, chewability, fracturability and sweet taste residual, with T5 presenting the characteristics with better scores, concluding that the application of osmodehydration improved the organoleptic characteristics of the nuggets.

Prato cheese, a typical ripened Brazilian cheese, contains high levels of sodium, and the excess intake of this micronutrient is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. A technological alternative to reduce the sodium content in foods is to replace NaCl with KCl and the addition of flavor enhancers. The present study aimed to combine quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) and temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) to assess the sensory profile of reduced-sodium probiotic prato cheese with the addition of flavor enhancers. Five formulations of probiotic prato cheese were manufactured using 1% (wt/wt) salt as follows: C1 (100% NaCl), C2 (50:50 NaCl:KCl), C3 (50:50 NaCl:KCl + 1% arginine), C4 (50:50 NaCl:KCl + 1% yeast extract), and C5 (50:50 NaCl:KCl + 1% oregano extract). Both methods indicated that the addition of flavor enhancers modified the sensory profile of the reduced-sodium probiotic prato cheese. The QDA revealed that flavor enhancers-in particular, yeast and oregano extract-increased the saltiness of samples C4 and C5, respectively, and that the other flavor enhancer, arginine (sample C3), most modified the attributes of prato cheese. The TDS dominance curves revealed that the addition of yeast extract (sample C4) had a positive effect on cheese flavor because it minimized the bitter taste perception resulting from the addition of potassium chloride. Overall, QDA and TDS used together provided interesting insights for establishing the sensory profile of reduced-sodium probiotic prato cheese.

A freeze-dried lactic culture was prepared with the potentially probiotic strain Lb. mucosae CNPC007, isolated from goat's milk, and used in the manufacture of Coalho goat cheese. Lb. mucosae viability in the powered culture was greater than 7.3 log CFU g−1 throughout 360 days of storage at −20 °C or 90 days at 22 °C. The goat cheese made with the autochthonous lactic culture had physical and physical-chemical characteristics compatible to those required for Coalho cheese, and obtained good sensory acceptability, with average scores higher than 7.0 for the attributes color, aroma, flavor, texture, and overall impression. According to the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA), the Lb. mucosae goat cheese showed higher homogeneity, fracturability, and a more intense yogurt flavor at 28 days of storage. By the Check All That Apply (CATA) method, the experimental cheese was characterized as white, smooth, salty, and with a yogurt and butter flavor - characteristics pointed out by consumers as ideal in Coalho goat cheese. Lb. mucosae population in the cheese was higher than 108 CFU g−1 throughout the entire studied period. Taken together, the results demonstrate the suitability of the freeze-dried culture of Lb. mucosae CNPC007 for the production of a novel potentially probiotic goat cheese.

DOI: 10.26650/ASE201818 This study evaluated the sensorial characteristics of fish croquettes produced from different seafood such as deep-water rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris), sardine (Sardina pilchardus), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). First, a sensorial appreciation test and a quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) were conducted by 12 expert panelists. Then, a consumer appreciation test was carried out with 100 consumers aged between 20 and 55 years. The appreciation tests showed that all the croquettes were appreciated by both the panelists and the consumers. The shrimp croquette was found to be the overall favorite in terms of flavor, odor, and general appreciation parameters among the groups. The QDA results revealed that the shrimp and sardine croquettes maintained their characteristic flavor and odor, whereas those of the rainbow trout croquettes were preserved less compared with other croquettes. These results indicate that sardine croquettes can be recommended to consumers who enjoy consuming seafood with a strong fish aroma. Trout and shrimp croquettes can be recommended to some consumers who wish to consume seafood but do not necessarily like the taste of fish or shellfish.

Taste and aroma compounds in Tianyou were determined using HPLC and GC-MS/GC-olfactometry. By comparison with light soy sauce (control), the contents of salt, sugar, total nitrogen and total acid in Tianyou were higher, while the contents of umami, sweet and bitter free amino acids, and the percentage of 1-5kDa peptides in Tianyou were lower. Thirty-one aroma-active compounds were identified in both Tianyou and the control (30 compounds in common). Aroma extraction dilution analysis indicated that most flavor dilution factors of aroma-active compounds were lower in Tianyou than the control. Quantitative descriptive analysis showed that Tianyou had significantly stronger salty and sweet tastes, weaker umami taste and weaker malty, caramel-like and smoky notes when compared to the control (p0.05), which were in agreement with the analyses of taste and aroma compounds. This confirms that Tianyou has a distinctively different flavor from light soy sauce.

Sensory attributes of beer are directly linked to perceived foam–related parameters and beer color. The aim of this study was to develop an objective predictive model using machine learning modeling to assess the intensity levels of sensory descriptors in beer using the physical measurements of color and foam‐related parameters. A robotic pourer (RoboBEER), was used to obtain 15 color and foam‐related parameters from 22 different commercial beer samples. A sensory session using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA®) with trained panelists was conducted to assess the intensity of 10 beer descriptors. Results showed that the principal component analysis explained 64% of data variability with correlations found between foam‐related descriptors from sensory and RoboBEER such as the positive and significant correlation between carbon dioxide and carbonation mouthfeel (R= 0.62), correlation of viscosity to sensory, and maximum volume of foam and total lifetime of foam (R= 0.75, R= 0.77, respectively). Using the RoboBEER parameters as inputs, an artificial neural network (ANN) regression model showed high correlation (R= 0.91) to predict the intensity levels of 10 related sensory descriptors such as yeast, grains and hops aromas, hops flavor, bitter, sour and sweet tastes, viscosity, carbonation, and astringency. This paper is a novel approach for food science using machine modeling techniques that could contribute significantly to rapid screenings of food and brewage products for the food industry and the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The use of RoboBEER to assess beer quality showed to be a reliable, objective, accurate, and less time‐consuming method to predict sensory descriptors compared to trained sensory panels. Hence, this method could be useful as a rapid screening procedure to evaluate beer quality at the end of the production line for industry applications.