Search

Whole grains (WG) are beneficial to health but have reduced sensory quality, partly attributable to inhibition of Maillard reaction products (MRP) by WG phenolics. The study investigated how major flavonoid classes in cereals affect Maillard reaction pathways. Flavonoids were reacted with xylose-lysine aqueous system at 160 °C/12 min. Additionally, breads were made with catechin, and wheat and sorghum bran fortification. Low M w MRP were profiled using UPLC-MS/MS, while melanoidins were characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy and HPSEC-MALS. The flavonoids significantly (p < 0.05) reduced both melanoidin content (by 33-86%) and M w (3.5-15 kDa vs 20 kDa control), leading to lighter bread crust. Flavonoids inhibited MRP via direct condensation with early-stage amines and carbonyls into stable adducts, and reduction of late-stage polymerization reactions, increasing accumulation of cyclic N-containing intermediates. Inhibitory trend was flavones>flavanones>flavanols. C-Ring π-bond dramatically enhance flavonoid MRP inhibition; thus flavone-rich cereal grains are likely to strongly impact MRP-dependent sensory attributes of WG products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Chrysin and rutin are natural polyphenols with multifaceted biological activities but their applications face challenges in bioavailability. Encapsulation using starch nanoparticles (SNPs) presents a promising approach to overcome the limitations. In this study, chrysin and rutin were encapsulated into self-assembled SNPs derived from quinoa (Q), maize (M), and waxy maize (WM) starches using enzyme-hydrolysis. Encapsulation efficiencies ranged from 74.3 % to 79.1 %, with QSNPs showing superior performance. Simulated in vitro digestion revealed sustained release and higher antioxidant activity in QSNPs compared to MSNPs and WMSNPs. Variations in encapsulation properties among SNPs from different sources were attributed to the differences in the structural properties of the starches. The encapsulated SNPs exhibited excellent stability, retaining over 90 % of chrysin and 85 % of rutin after 15 days of storage. These findings underscore the potential of SNP encapsulation to enhance the functionalities of chrysin and rutin, facilitating the development of fortified functional foods with enhanced bioavailability and health benefits., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

A new phenolic compound ( 1 ) and together with 12 known compounds-eight flavonoids ( 2  ∼  9 ), two phenolic compounds ( 10 and 11 ) and two benzoic acid ( 12 and 13 )-were isolated from Phedimus middendorffianus (Maxim.). The structures of all compound were determined on the basis of spectroscopic (MS and NMR) analyses. Compounds 4 , 5 , 7 and 11 ∼ 13 were showed anti-proliferative activities against MCF-7 than PC-3 cell line. Also compound 12 and 13 showed the significant cytotoxic activities against two cancer cell lines, PC-3 and MCF-7.

White-flesh guava is widely planted in tropical or subtropical areas of Southeast Asia. Despite of folk statements on specific function, few researches are focused on the description of its plant secondary metabolites. In the present work, contents of total phenolics and flavonoids as well as antioxidant activity from different parts (peel, flesh, and seed) were determined. The constituents of ethanol extracts were characterized by HPLC-QTOF-MS. A total of 69 phenolic compounds as well as nine polar compounds were detected, with flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins, phenolic acid derivatives, and benzophenones of the four predominant phenolic compounds. Moreover, the presence of other phenolics (lignan, phenylethanoid, stilbenoid, and dihydrochalcones) was revealed. Simultaneously, the polar compounds, such as triterpenoids, iridoid were identified. Benzophenones and triterpenoids were proved to be marked constitutes of peel and flesh, respectively. The existence of isoflavonoids, lignan, phenylethanoid were firstly reported for edible parts or by-products of guava. The results showed that white-flesh guavas, particularly peel parts, were superior resources of antioxidant compounds, with exploitation value., (© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Studies have shown the benefit of antioxidants in the prevention or treatment of human diseases and promoted a growing interest in new sources of plant antioxidants for pharmacological use. This study aimed to add value to two underexploited wild plant species ( Licania rigida) and L. tomentosa ) from Brazilian flora. Thus, the phenolic compounds profile of their seed ethanol extract and derived fractions were elucidated by HPLC, the antioxidant capacity was assessed by in vitro chemical tests and the cytotoxicity determined using the human carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and Caco-2. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts of each species. The extracts and fractions showed excellent antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (SC 50 , ranging from 9.15 to 248.8 µg/mL). The aqueous fraction of L. rigida seeds was most effective in preventing lipid peroxidation under basal conditions (IC 50 60.80 µg/mL) whereas, in the presence of stress inducer, the methanolic fraction of L. tomentosa performed best (IC 50 8.55 µg/mL). None of the samples showed iron chelating capacity. Ethanolic seed extracts of both species did not reveal any cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells. Both plant species showed a promising phenolic profile with potent antioxidant capacity and deserve attention to be sustainably explored.

A new, rapid, selective and sensitive ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-ToF-MS) strategy using automatic and simultaneous acquisition of exact mass at high and low collision energy, MS(E), has been developed to obtain polyphenolic profile of apples, apple pomace and apple juice from Asturian cider apples in a single run injection of 22 min. MS(E) spectral data acquisition overcomes chromatographic co-elution problems, performing simultaneous collection of precursor ions as well as other ions produced as a result of their fragmentation, which allows resolving complex spectra from mixtures of precursor ions in an unsupervised way and eases their interpretation. Using this technique, 52 phenolic compounds of five different classes were readily characterized in these apple extracts in both positive and negative ionization modes. The spectral data for phenolic compounds obtained using this acquisition mode are comparable to those obtained by conventional LC-MS/MS as exemplified in this work. Among the 52 phenolic compounds identified in this work, 2 dihydrochalcones and 3 flavonols have been tentatively identified for the first time in apple products. Moreover, 2 flavanols, 4 dihydrochalcones, 9 hydroxycinnamic acids and 4 flavonols had not been previously reported in apple by ToF analysis to our knowledge., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Caulerpa lentillifera (sea grapes) stands out for its nutritional profile and associated health advantages. Seaweeds, including sea grapes, exhibit diverse chemical compositions that are influenced by environmental conditions. This study aimed to compare the chemical composition, metabolite content, antioxidant activity and a-glucosidase inhibition of sea grapes collected at different sites (Phetchaburi and Trang) and at different times during the month of January, April and July 2022. Both collection times and sites have influenced all assessed parameters. The sea grapes collected from Trang had a significantly higher amount of metabolite, antioxidant activity and a-glucosidase inhibitory activity than those from Phetchaburi at p < 0.001. The highest amount of phenolic compound (93.76 ± 2.39 mg GAE/g extract) and reducing power (EC50 = 25.86 ± 0.20 mg/mL) occurred in sea grapes in April month, while those collected in January and April had high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging (EC50 < 7.50 mg/mL). The highest inhibitory activity against a-glucosidase (EC50 = 19.27 ± 0.40 mg/mL) was found in the sea grapes collected in January. The LC-QTOF MS/MS result of sea grape extract indicated similar compounds in amino acids, fatty acids, lipids, nucleic acids, carboxylic acids, cyanogenic glucosides, steroids, terpenoids and vitamins. The disparity in phenolic profiles between Phetchaburi (9) and Trang (14) sea grapes was related to higher phenolic compound and flavonoid contents, coupled with antioxidant properties in Trang. These findings supported the possible use of sea grapes from Trang as a reservoir of bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the properties of B. griseipurpureus Corner concerning its efficacy against various bacterial strains and its antioxidant capacity, along with its phytochemical composition. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method, revealing pronounced efficacy against gram-negative bacteria, particularly noteworthy against E. coli ESBL182, known for its antibiotic resistance. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of B. griseipurpureus Corner extract against E. coli ESBL182 were determined to be 75 and 300 mg/ml, respectively. The extract exhibited bacteriostatic activity by inhibiting cell growth, leading to a reduction in optical density at 600 nm. Additionally, examination of the supernatant from untreated and treated E. coli ESBL182 cells with B. griseipurpureus Corner extract indicated absorbance values of 0.088 and 0.248 at 260 nm, and 0.045 and 0.286 at 280 nm, respectively. Further investigation utilizing a scanning electron microscope revealed alterations in the morphology of treated cells, which displayed elongation and fragmentation, in contrast to untreated cells. The DPPH assay indicated that the IC50 of B. griseipurpureus Corner extract was 31.22 mg/ml. The IC50 value obtained from the ABTS assay was 47.31 mg/ml. Additionally, the FRAP assay revealed that the concentration of ascorbic acid equivalent in B. griseipurpureus Corner extract was 1.06 mg/g crude extract. Phytochemical analysis, conducted using a spectrophotometer at wavelengths of 750 nm and 510 nm, respectively, indicated phenolic and flavonoid contents of 0.22 mg gallic acid/g fresh weight and 3.23 mg quercetin/g fresh weight in the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peucedanum japonicum has long been a staple in East Asian cuisine. In the context of traditional medicine, various members of the Peucedanum genus have been investigated for potential medicinal properties. In laboratory settings, some compounds derived from this plant have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties—characteristics often associated with potential medicinal applications. This study aimed to determine which part of the P. japonicum plants cultivated on two Korean islands contains the most antioxidant compounds. This determination was made through assessments of total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content, coupled with evaluation of antioxidant activity via DPPH and ABTS assays. The results showed that the aerial parts contain a richer array of bioactive compounds and demonstrate superior antioxidant activity compared to their root counterparts in the plants from both islands. To characterize the phytochemicals underpinning this bioactivity, LC-MS/MS and HPLC analyses were carried out. These methods detected varying amounts of chlorogenic acid, peucedanol 7-O-glucoside, rutin, and peucedanol, with good separation and retention times. This study addresses the lack of research on the antioxidant activity of different parts of P. japonicum. The findings hold significance for traditional medicine, dietary supplements, and the development of functional foods. Understanding antioxidant distribution aids in the development of medicinal and nutritional applications, influences agricultural practices, and contributes to regional biodiversity-conservation efforts. The study's geographical scope provides insights into how location impacts the concentration of bioactive compounds in plants. Overall, the results contribute valuable data for future research in plant biology, biochemistry, and related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) has been known as a medical herb with valuable nutritional and pharmacological properties. Herein, water, methanol, and acetone extracts were prepared from two morphologically different purslane samples, thereafter their content of β-carotene, chlorophyll a and b, total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoids, and total flavonols was evaluated. Additionally, DPPH• scavenging activity and ferrous iron (Fe+2) chelating activity of these extracts were also measured. The acetone extract had the highest amounts of β-carotene (14.16 mg g-1 DW), chlorophyll a (40.46 mg g-1 DW), chlorophyll b (9.94 mg g-1 DW), TPC (51.01 mg GAE g-1 DW), flavonoids (133.23 mg RE g-1 DW), and flavonols (46.94 mg RE g-1 DW). Whereas the lowest values were observed in the water extract, as 0.03 mg g-1 DW, 0.03 mg g-1 DW, 0.06 mg g-1 DW, (34.24 mg GAE g-1 DW, 10.98 mg RE g-1 DW, 3.28 mg RE g-1 DW, respectively. The acetone extract also showed higher DPPH• scavenging activity (IC50 = 57.23 μg mL-1) compared to methanol (IC50 = 65.80 μg mL-1) and water (IC50 = 71.47 μg mL-1) extracts. Regarding the ferrous iron (Fe+2) chelating activity, methanol extract exhibited the highest value followed by water and acetone extracts, being 12.78, 10.20 and 6.08%, respectively. A positive correlation was detected between the DPPH• scavenging activities of the purslane extracts and their content of TPC, flavonoid, flavonol, β-carotene, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between chelating activity of the extracts and their content of β-carotene, chlorophyll a, TPC, flavonoids, flavonols, and DPPH scavenging activity. Purslane extracts could be suggested as a natural antioxidant substance for many pharmaceutical and food applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the composition of phenolic compounds in extracts of leaf blades of cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) populations from Lonno, Yelnya, Boloto Mokh, and Zhada reserves was conducted. The highest content of phenolic compounds was observed in the female clone of the Lonno population and amounted to 651.54 ± 21.64 mg-equiv of gallic acid per g of extract, of which 53.5 ± 5.01 mg-equiv of rutin per g of flavonoid extract. The following phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts using chromatography–mass-spectrometry: quercetin-3-O-xyloside, ellagic acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, kaempferol-3-β-D-glucopyranoside, chlorogenic acid, and rutin. The contents of kaempferol-3-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, ellagic acid, and rutin were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of gamma irradiation and pasteurization on the stability of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity during storage of jussara pulp were investigated. Jussara pulp was divided into 6 portions: control (no treatment), irradiated pulp (2, 4, 6, 8 kGy) and pasteurized pulp (92 °C/1 minute). Portions were stored at 4°C for 60 days. The phenolic extract was prepared with a solution of methanol/water/formic acid. The following analyses were performed every 15 days: contents of total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocauteau, cyanidin-3-glycoside and cyanidin-3-rutiniside by HPLC and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH). Total phenolics and anthocyanins decreased with the increasing irradiation dose and storage time. Pasteurization did not affect the phenolic concentration immediately after processing. However, the contents of TPC and cyanidin-3-rutiniside were reduced during storage of the pasteurized pulp. No processed samples presented characteristics similar to the control at the end of storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peel and core discarded from the processing of MD2 pineapple have the potential to be valorized. This study evaluated the functional and volatile compounds in the extracts of MD pineapple peel and core (MD2-PPC). The total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, sweetness index, and astringency index were 9.34 °Brix, 4.00, 0.74%, 12.84, and 0.08, respectively, for the peel and 12.00 °Brix, 3.96, 0.32%, 37.66, and 0.03, respectively, for the core. The fat and protein contents of the peel and core were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05). The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) were significantly higher in the peel. The peel also showed better antioxidant activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.63 mg/mL for DPPH free radical activity compared with the core. The TPC of different phenolic fractions from peel extract was highest in the glycosylated fraction, followed by the esterified, insoluble-bound, and free phenolic fractions. GC–MS analysis identified 38 compounds in the peel and 23 in the core. The primary volatile compounds were 2-furan carboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl), and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP). The identification of phenolics and volatile compounds provides important insights into the valorization of (MD2-PPC) waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the 100 most cited articles on Parkinson's disease (PD) and phenolic compounds (PCs). Methods: Articles were selected in the Web of Science Core Collection up to June 2022 based on predetermined inclusion criteria, and the following bibliometric parameters were extracted: the number of citations, title, keywords, authors, year, study design, tested PC and therapeutic target. MapChart was used to create worldwide networks, and VOSviewer software was used to create bibliometric networks. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to identify the most researched PCs and therapeutic targets in PD. Results: The most cited article was also the oldest. The most recent article was published in 2020. Asia and China were the continent and the country with the most articles in the list (55 and 29%, respectively). In vitro studies were the most common experimental designs among the 100 most cited articles (46%). The most evaluated PC was epigallocatechin. Oxidative stress was the most studied therapeutic target. Conclusion: Despite the demonstrations in laboratorial studies, the results obtained point to the need for clinical studies to better elucidate this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Degenerative disease is a disease that causes damage or destruction to tissues or organs of the body. This damaging process can be caused by age, unhealthy lifestyle, and environmental pollution, which causes a decrease In die production of antioxidant compounds. One of the plants that have tlie potential as a source of natural antioxidants is Portulaca oleracea. This study aims to determine die phenolic and flavonoid content of P. oleracea and dieir pharmacological activities. This study uses several databases indexed by Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. Several studies related to pharmacological activities such as antioxidants and antidiabetics have been reported in this review, where die compounds that play a role in the pharmacological activity of P. oleracea are phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The compound of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity are influenced by several factors sudi as growth stages, the solvent used, extraction temperature, and the target metabolite. The antioxidant activity of diis plant has been investigated using the DP PH, FRAP, and ABTS assays. As antidiabetic, kaempferol and quercetin are compounds iliat have die hi ghost activity in this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from the madimak (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.), which is used in traditional folk medicine as well as nutrition. For this purpose, the effects of methanol/water mixture concentration (0-100%), extraction time (5-120 min.) and temperature (30-70 °C) on total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC) and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) of phenolic extracts obtained from P. cognatum were determined. Optimum conditions for TPC, TFC and DPPH values were determined using the "desirability" function approach, using the Box-Behnken design in the Design Expert Program. In the study carried out to obtain phenolic compound extraction from P. cognatum, methanol concentration (40.15%), extraction time (5.00 min.) and extraction temperature (70.00 °C) were determined as optimum conditions. TPC, TFC and DPPH values of phenolic extracts obtained under optimum conditions were determined as 45.40 mg GAE/g dry sample, 30.36 mg QE/g dry sample, 53.40 mg TE/g dry sample, respectively. As a result of the obtained results, P. cognatum is a rich source in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracts and their concentrates can be considered as a source of biologically active ingredients of food products and as food additives to increase the consumption of useful substances of berries. The benefits gained from their use lead to the development of advanced technologies that can allow them to be extracted from the feedstock without significantly compromising the biological activity of the feedstock. In this paper, we studied the content of antioxidants and their activity in concentrated extracts of cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), guelder rose (Viburnum opulus L.) and mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.) berries. For all extracts, the total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins, antioxidant activity according to the DPPH method and iron-reducing antioxidant activity (FRAP) were determined. Concentrated extracts of guelder rose contain the largest amount of phenolic compounds (9.3 ± 0.3 mol HA/L) , flavonoids (1.96 ± 0.08 mol K/L) and anthocyanins (0.26 ± 0.02 mol CG/L) among the studied extracts. There is also a high total content of phenolic substances and flavonoids in blackberry and rowan extracts (5.7 mol HA/L, 1.33 mol K/L and 4.7 mol HA/L, 192 mol K/L, respectively). The antioxidant activity of the extract of guelder rose berries showed a directly proportional dependence on the content of biologically active compounds in it: DPPH-method, 2.4 mg/mL; FRAP-method, 39.99 mmol Fe2+/kg. Also, high levels were found in concentrated extracts of blackberries, sea buckthorn and mountain ash. It is the extracts of guelder rose, blackberry and mountain ash that are recommended to be used in the production of food products to enrich them with biologically active substances and give them antioxidant properties. Cranberry and sea buckthorn extracts can be used in combination with other extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several medicinal plants have been used from the traditional period of times to cure different diseases but there is little scientific evidence. The phytochemicals of plants can reduce cardiovascular and other diseases. The present study analyzed the five different medicinal plants of the Gulmi and Rupandehi districts of Nepal using in vitro studies. They were Crateva Unilocularis, Aegle marmelos, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Urtica dioica and Justicia adhatoda. The antioxidant potential of the methanolic extract of plants was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, total phenolic content was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and total flavonoid content was determined by using the Aluminium chloride colorimetric method. Results revealed that the methanolic extract of plants contained phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, quinones, terpenoids, etc. The extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristi showed the highest % of radical scavenging activity up to 64.931±0.032% with an IC50 value of 70.506±1.55µg/ml followed by Aegle marmelos and the lowest in Urtica dioica. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis revealed the highest TPC (97.647±7.01mgGAE/g) and lowest in Urtica dioica. Crateva unilocularis had the highest TFC 31.99±2.345mgQE/g and followed by Nyctanthes arbortristis and lowest in Justicia adhatoda. These parameters were analyzed from the period 5 September 2021 to 10 October 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nigella damascena L. is an annual herbaceous valuable medicinal and aromatic plant in the Ranunculaceae family. For the first time with this study, the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the total phenolic-flavonoid content and phenolic compound profile in N. damascena seeds were investigated. Also, cytotoxic activities of n-hexane and methanol extracts (0–300 μg/mL) from fertilized seeds against breast (MCF-7) and pancreatic (MIA PaCa-2) cancer and embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cell lines were determined. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the methanol extract of seeds were obtained from chemical-3 L/da (0.196 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g) and organic- 1200 mL/da (3.85 ± 0.04 mg QE/g) fertilizer treatments, respectively. Phenolic compounds identified qualitatively by HPLC-PDA in the seeds were epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin hydrate, apigenin and naringenin. Fertilized seed n-hexane extracts caused greater cell inhibition compared to control and showed remarkable selective cytotoxicity against the two cancer cell lines investigated in vitro. However, even at the highest concentration (300 μg/mL) of all seed methanol extracts, 50% cell inhibition did not occur in both cancer and healthy cell lines. Results show that N. damascena seed extracts can be studied further in terms of having an anticancer agent potential. [Display omitted] • TPC, TFC, phenolic compound profile (HPLC-PDA) and cytotoxicity analyzes of the extracts were performed. • Fertilized samples were found to be rich in phenolic compounds by HPLC-PDA analysis. • N. damascena seed n-hexane extract was more toxic in cancer cell lines. • Extracts were more cytotoxic to the MIA PaCa-2 (human pancreatic cancer) cell line. • Fertilizer treatments of appropriate types and amounts can increase the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of N. damascena and other medicinal plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The bioaccessibility of GABA in the intestinal digestion (GID) reaches 59% in lupin sprouts. • Phenolics and flavonoids showed bioaccessibility reaching 82.56 and 114.20% post-intestinal digestion. • Certain isoflavones, exclusively identified in 7-day sprouts, displayed resilience to GID. • Germinated samples exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to ungerminated ones after GID. • Germination enhances lupinus' ability to combat oxidative stress. Germination is a process that enhances the content of health-promoting secondary metabolites. However, the bioaccessibility of these compounds depends on their stability and solubility throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The study aimed to explore how germination time influences the content and bioaccessibility of γ-aminobutyric acid and polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) sprouts during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Gamma-aminobutyric acid showed a decrease following gastrointestinal digestion (GID) whereas phenolic acids and flavonoids exhibited bioaccessibilities of up to 82.56 and 114.20%, respectively. Although the digestion process affected the profile of phenolic acids and flavonoids, certain isoflavonoids identified in 7-day sprouts (G7) showed resistance to GID. Germination not only favored antioxidant activity but also resulted in germinated samples exhibiting greater antioxidant properties than ungerminated counter parts after GID. Intestinal digests from G7 did not show cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and notably, they showed an outstanding ability to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species. This suggests potential benefit in mitigating oxidative stress. These findings contribute to understand the dynamic interplay between bioprocessing and digestion in modulating the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds in lupin, thereby impacting health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brassicaceae family is one of the world's top ten economically significant plant families. The genus Isatis belongs to the family Brassicaceae. Isatis species have antibacterial, anticancer and anti-viral properties. Flavonoids and phenolics are bioactive secondary metabolites commonly found in medicinal plants. The present review summarises the flavonoid and phenolic compounds of the genus Isatis and aims to highlight the recent advances in current knowledge of Isatis species as a source of flavonoids and phenolics. Many known flavonoids and phenolic compounds from Isatis species, such as quercetin, rutin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, rosmarinic acid, sinapic acid, neohesperidin, buddleoside, liquiritigenin, isorhamnetin have been isolated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: The effects of gamma irradiation and pasteurization on the stability of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity during storage of jussara pulp were investigated. Jussara pulp was divided into 6 portions: control (no treatment), irradiated pulp (2, 4, 6, 8 kGy) and pasteurized pulp (92 ºC/ 1 minute). Portions were stored at 4ºC for 60 days. The phenolic extract was prepared with a solution of methanol/water/formic acid. The following analyses were performed every 15 days: contents of total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocauteau, cyanidin-3-glycoside and cyanidin-3-rutiniside by HPLC and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH). Total phenolics and anthocyanins decreased with the increasing irradiation dose and storage time. Pasteurization did not affect the phenolic concentration immediately after processing. However, the contents of TPC and cyanidin-3-rutiniside were reduced during storage of the pasteurized pulp. No processed samples presented characteristics similar to the control at the end of storage.

The A-thi-sa-ra-wak scripture is a folkloric Thai traditional medicinal literature containing 30 remedies for a variety of diseases. The sixth remedy in the scripture consists of Ficus religiosa, Smilax china, S. glabra, and Tectona grandis (FST), which are designated specifically for the treatment of diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the phytochemical contents and biological activities of a remedy from the thi-sa-ra-wak scripture. Constituent plants of the remedy were extracted with aqueous (FSTA), 50% ethanol (FSTHE), and 95% ethanol (FSTE). The phytochemical screening was performed to determine total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents. The antioxidant activity were examined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS+) radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Based on the inhibition of the a-glucosidase and a-amylase enzymes, the hypoglycemic mechanism was identified. The results of the study showed that the FSTHE had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentration of TPC, while the FSTE had a higher concentration of TFC. The FSTHE was more potent on DPPH and ABTS, but the FSTA had reducing power on FRAP. The FSTA had more potent α-glucosidase inhibition, while the FSTHE showed an effect on a-amylase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the remedy had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the suppression of the a-glucosidase and a-amylase enzymes than acarbose, a common anti-diabetic medication. The findings of this study reveal that the biological activities of the remedy contributed to the antioxidation, a-glucosidase, and a-amylase enzyme inhibitions, thereby confirming the use of the remedy as a diabetic drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the natural extraction of polyphenolic compounds from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (P. cyrtonema). Employing the combination of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) and auxiliary extraction techniques, we mainly focused on yield, total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibition efficiency. Compared to hot reflux extraction (HRE), the NADES extract using a 1:2 ratio of choline chloride-lactic acid (ChCl-Lac) significantly increased the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and α-glucosidase inhibition (p < 0.05). The HPLC-MS-MS identified the five most abundant phenolic compounds. Quantitative analysis showed that these compounds had the highest leaching rates in the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with lactic acid-based NADES system, followed by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), requiring less than 4 min. Notably, rutin exhibited the highest extraction rate of 281.1 μg/g in the UAE-ChCl-Lac system, 9.82 times higher than conventional methods. The extraction mechanism was elucidated from the perspectives of surface charge density distribution and interaction energy. Therefore, ultrasound or microwave-assisted NADES extraction aligns with sustainable development principles, offering a green approach to enrich polyphenolic compounds in P. cyrtonema. [Display omitted] • Lactic acid-based NADES extracts exhibited the highest total phenols, flavonoids, and α-glucosidase inhibition. • Urea-based extracts demonstrated superior antioxidant performance in terms of.•OH and DPPH• scavenging. • Ferulic acid, kaempferol-3 -O- glucoside, and rutin mainly contributed to the antioxidant capacity. • Rutin showed the lowest interaction energy and highest extraction rate with lactic acid-based NADES. • Ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extraction enriched the phenolic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-drying prior to freezing may reduce several freezing drawbacks. Nevertheless, drying may cause nutritional quality losses. Instant Controlled Pressure Drop process has been proposed to intensify pre-drying process. This research is dedicated to study the evolution of the main bioactive compounds (total phenolics, flavonoid, and tannins contents) of quince dehydrofrozen fruits. Fresh samples were subjected to air drying at 40 °C and 3 m s−1 air velocity down to a final water content of 0.3 g g−1 db. Pre-dried samples were Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) treated under different conditions, i.e. saturated steam pressure (P) and treatment time (t), following a 2-factor/5-level Experimental Design. Treated fruits were frozen at –30 °C then were thawed at 20 °C in order to study the impacts of DIC on phenolic compounds. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) confirmed that pressure was the most influencing parameter in terms of polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannins contents. Finally, DIC pre-treatment allowed the improvement of phenolic content retention compared to untreated DIC samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and is among the most suffering diseases all over the world. Hyperglycemia plays a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases by triggering the mechanisms of oxidative stress. Phytotherapy is one of the alternative ways to cope with these diseases. Medicinal, aromatic and wild edible plants have nutraceutically protective effects against various diseases as well as nutritional and dietetic value due to the phytochemicals. Sisymbrium species are among the wild edible plants and traditionally used to treatment of various diseases. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the phenolic components of Sisymbrium altissimum leaves as well as their antioxidant capacity and antidiabetic properties. For this purpose, phenolic component was determined in S. altissimum leaf extract (SAE) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, total phenolic and total flavonoid content measurement, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging activity analyzes were performed to determine the antioxidant capacity. The antidiabetic effect of the leaves was measured by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity assay. In the results obtained, it was determined that SAE showed a significant antioxidant activity. It was determined that the most abundant phenolic component in leaves was rutin, also quercetin and protocatechuic acid were the other dominant phenolic components in leaves. On the other hand, it was found that the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities of the leaves were lower compared to acarbose. As a result, it can be concluded that S. altissimum can strengthen the antioxidant status with its important phenolic compounds and also prevent nutraceutically postprandial hyperglycemia due to its partial α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberry leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas fragariae is one of the main limiting diseases of crops in Brazil, but there are not efficient control strategies. Additionally, the global demand for pesticide-free foods has stimulated research to find low toxicity products to control plant pathogens. Thus, strawberry plants were sprayed with Lentinula edodes polysaccharides (PSHII), propolis extracts (GP1), acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM) or distilled water (control) and inoculated with the bacterium. Leaf samples were collected to determine phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Antimicrobial activity was checked, based on the effect of the products on CFU and bacterial biofilm. In the cv. Albion, the propolis source GP1 reduced the AUDPC by more than 95%, compared to control, when applied 3 days before inoculation, but PSHII did not differ from control. For cv. San Andreas, GP1 significantly reduced the disease only at 7 days after inoculation. PSHII or ASM promoted significant reduction in all evaluations. Only GP1 inhibited the CFU and biofilm formation of the bacterium and promoted increases in PAL and SOD activities, while PSHII and ASM increased SOD activity. The data suggest that such products have potential for use in programs for control of strawberry diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solidago canadensis L. was introduced to Europe as an ornamental plant from North America in 1645 and began to spread during the XIX-XX centuries. Nowadays the species is considered the most aggressive invasive species. On the other hand, S. canadensis is considered to be a medicinal plant. The raw material known as Herba Solidaginis includes herbs of S. canadensis, S. gigantea, and S. virgaurea. These species are known for their diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antispasmodic properties. The purpose of our study was to analyze the chemical compounds and some biological properties of S. canadensis, growing in Slovakia, to evaluate its therapeutic potential. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts from aerial parts of S. canadensis was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The evaluation of total flavonoid content (TFC) was performed by using a spectrophotometric method. The flavonoids content was expressed as rutin equivalents (mg REs) per g DW vegetal product. The phytochemical profile of S. canadensis extracts was assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The radical scavenging activity of samples was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Reducing power of extracts was determined by the phosphomolybdenum method. Total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of the extracts varied from 204.19 to 293.43 mg GAE.g-1 DW, and 64.99 - 175.25 g QE.g-1 DW, respectively; the best results were obtained for ethanol extract. Some phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC with significant amounts of rutin (211.20 µg.mL-1), quercetin (122.08 µg.mL-1), quercitrin (102.50 µg.mL-1) and chlorogenic acid (147.00 µg.mL-1). The DPPH values in the inflorescences were higher than in the leaves: the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts was in the range from 5.34 to 17.16 mg TE.g-1, for inflorescences, this parameter ranged from 6.09 to 19.87 mg TE.g-1. The high total phenolic compounds and flavonoids can be used as a valuable source of phytochemicals in herbal remedies. Our study of S. canadensis, growing in Slovakia, shows the promising potential that can be evaluated as an effective antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in herbal medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Display omitted] • Geographical origins of water caltrop shell were discriminated through PCA and LDA. • Two active substances in water caltrop shells were predicted through PLS. • Models were optimized using spectral preprocessing and variable selection methods. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometric methods were used to discriminate the geographical origins of the water caltrop shells from different regions of China. Two active substances, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the water caltrop shells were determined through the technique as well. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was adopted to build the geographical discriminant model. Quantitative analysis models of TPC and TFC were built using partial least squares (PLS) regression. 1st derivative and randomization test (RT) methods were used to optimize the quantitative analysis models. It was found that the geographical discriminant model can correctly recognize the water caltrop shells from different regions of China with a total accuracy of 93.33%. The values of TPC and TFC obtained by the optimized models and the standard method are close. The coefficient of determination (R2) and the ratio of prediction to deviation for the two substances were 0.91, 0.89 and 3.02, 3.02, respectively. The results demonstrated the feasibility of NIRS combined with chemometric methods for the geographical discrimination of water caltrop shells and the quantitative analysis of TPC and TFC in water caltrop shells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determinethe antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and also detection of phenolic compounds and element composition of Psylliostachys spicata by extraction of two different solvents (ethanol 80% andpure water). 18 different phenolic compounds and 19 elements were determined from the P. spicata which collected from the Akdogmus salt area of Siirt province (Turkey).Total phenolic content was determined as 30.65 mg mL-1 and 6.39 mg mL-1 in ethanol and water extracts, respectively. The total flavonoid content was found as 73.29 mg m-1 and 19.89 mg mL-1 in ethanol and water extract. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay. The inhibition rates in lmg mL-1 concentration in ethanol and water extracts were determined as 93.91% and 41.73%, respectively. The obtained IC50 value was 0.058 mg mL -1 for ethanol and 1.196 mg mL-1 tor water extract. The FRAP assay of P. spicata was determined as 774.440 mM mL-1 mM mL-1 in the ethanol and 74.074 mM mL-1 in the water extract. According to the results of element analysis P, spicata has high antioxidant capacity and potential to be used as an accumulator plant for halophytic areas in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gynura pseudochina (L.) DC. is a local herb that has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent. To study the utilization of plant phenolics for psoriatic treatment, the effects of the drying process, solvent extraction process and age of the leaves on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), crude extract and anti-oxidant activity were evaluated. The phenolic composition in the plant extracts was investigated. The most efficient process was applied to obtain a suitable extract for in vitro studies. HaCaT cells subjected to non-TNF-α and TNF-α stimulation were utilized to evaluate the cytotoxicity and anti-RelA, anti-RelB and anti-IL-8 properties of the extracts. The results showed that freeze drying and microwave drying preserved high levels of TPC, TFC and anti-oxidant activity. The HPLC results indicated that 50% (v/v) methanol demonstrated a good efficiency for recovering phenolic compounds, specifically chlorogenic acid (CGA), caffeic acid (CA), p -coumaric acid (PCA) and rutin (RUT). CA content was increased with microwave drying. Microwave drying and mixed-aged leaves were utilized for further studies. Ethanol was used instead of methanol because the former is a safer solvent for health product application. The LC–MS/MS results revealed that 25% (v/v) and 99.9% (v/v) ethanol extracts of mixed-ages leaves dried using a microwave (MLM) contained phenolic acids, flavonoids, a xanthone derivative, a phenylpropanoid, a phenolic glycoside compound and a glycerol-phospholipid. The MLM extract additionally contained pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) at a low concentration. Co-extraction with 25% and 50% (v/v) ethanol of the MLM extract (EMLM) was performed for recovering each phenolic compound. EMLM extracts and their marker compounds (CGA, CA, RUT and PCA) were not toxic to HaCaT cells subjected to non-TNF-α and TNF-α stimulation, except for CA. The EMLM extracts and certain concentrations of the marker compounds could inhibit the RelB canonical pathway and IL-8 production. All results support the possible application of G. pseudochina leaf extracts for psoriasis alleviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spices and herbs are known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We studied their properties of Namya Kanom Jeen (NKJ), a spicy soup (Southern Thailand recipe) with water and ethanol (50% and 95%) extracts. Methods: This study aimed to assess functional properties of NKJ powder extract using in vitro model. These functional properties were antioxidant, α-amylase inhibition, and anti-inflammatory properties. Antioxidant activities were determined using free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Anti-inflammation effect was studied by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition on RAW264.7 macrophage cells after being exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results: Water extract of NKJ powder demonstrated the highest activity in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property by DPPH radical scavenging activity when compared with ethanol extract. Conclusion: The combined effect of several bioactive compounds within NKJ powder extracts may ameliorate the oxidation and inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is a green technology. It was used to isolate 6-gingerol from Bentong ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Bentong). A central composite design (CCD) was employed to investigate and optimize three process conditions, namely the extraction pressure (10–30 MPa), temperature (40–60 °C), and particle size of the sample (300–600 µm). The method was used to model the extraction of 6-gingerol, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The optimum conditions were estimated to be a pressure of 25 MPa, a temperature of 40 °C, and a particle size of 300 µm. The highest values for 6-gingerol content (171.26 mg/g), total phenolic content (17.84 GAE mg/g), total flavonoid content (74.46 QE mg/g), and radical-scavenging activity (91.14%) of dried Bentong ginger were achieved at these optimized conditions. The good fit between predicted and experimental values shows the fitness of the model employed for estimating the optimum conditions for Bentong ginger extraction. Moreover, the scCO 2 system at the conditions studied was more effective than the conventional Soxhlet method for the extraction of bioactive compounds. • scCO 2 extraction is capable to extract 6-gingerol from Bentong ginger at optimum condition by altering the CO 2 density. • Bentong ginger is a good source of 6-gingerol in comparable with other type of ginger variant. • 6-gingerol from Bentong ginger can be transformed to shogaol compound at higher temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new, rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed to determine the content of flavonoid aglycones and phenolic acids in mistletoe berries (Viscum album L.) harvested from six different Polish host trees. Additionally, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) as well as an antioxidant and antiproliferative activity were evaluated for the first time. The plant material was selectively extracted using ultrasound assisted maceration with methanol/water (8:2) solution. The obtained TPC and TFC results varied from 7.146 to 9.345 mg GA g-1 and from 1.888 to 2.888 mg Q g-1 of dry extracts, respectively. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis demonstrated the highest content of phenolic acids in mistletoe berries from Populus nigra 'Italica' L. and flavonoid aglycones in mistletoe berries from Tilia cordata Mill. (354.45 μg and 5.955 μg per g dry extracţ respectively). The moderate antioxidant activity of investigated extracts was obtained. The studies revealed that the examined extracts decreased the proliferation of human colon adenocarcinoma cells line LS180 in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity in the human colon epithelial cell line CCD 841 CoTr. Moreover, the obtained results suggest considerable impact of polyphenols on the anticancer activity of these extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) is consumed worldwide with a diverse array of phytochemicals, including phenolics, that have therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Nevertheless, detailed information on polyphenol content in pumpkin processing is still limited. Therefore, the present work aimed to investigate the changes in polyphenol content and their antioxidant potential during pumpkin processing, followed by their comprehensive characterization and quantification using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array (HPLC-PDA). The antioxidant results showed that pumpkins' seeds and skins (PSS) contained the highest total phenolic content (TPC, 0.39 mg gallic acid equivalent mg/g) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC, 0.35 mg ascorbic acid equivalent mg/g), respectively. However, separated pumpkin puree (SPP) had a higher total condensed tannins content (TCT, 0.15 mg catechin equivalent mg/g). The LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS tentatively identified a total of 23 phenolic compounds present in the five pumpkin samples. Through HPLC-PDA quantification, the most abundant phenolic compounds were epicatechin (6.645 μg/g) and catechin (6.146 μg/g) detected in PSS. The comprehensive characterization and quantification of phenolics in processed pumpkins indicate the importance of pumpkins as a promising source of polyphenols with antioxidant properties. This study provides supportive information on the utilization of pumpkin phenolics in the food, pharmacological, and nutraceutical industries. [Display omitted] • Characterization of phenolic changes during butternut processing. • Butternut peels and skins contain a greater variety of phenolics than pulp. • Butternut peels and skins have higher antioxidant activity than pulp. • High temperature enhances total antioxidant power but causes polyphenol degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lotus root attracts increasing attention mainly because of its phenolic compounds known as natural antioxidants. Its thirteen varieties were systematically analyzed on the content, distribution, composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds for a better understanding of this aquatic vegetable. The respective mean contents of total phenolics in their flesh, peel and nodes were 1.81, 4.30 and 7.35 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g fresh weight (FW), and those of total flavonoids were 3.35, 7.69 and 15.58 mg rutin equivalents/g FW. The phenolic composition determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography method varied significantly among varieties and parts. The phenolics of flesh were mainly composed of gallocatechin and catechin; those of peel and node were mainly composed of gallocatechin, gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin. The antioxidant activities of phenolic extracts in increasing order were flesh, peel and node; their mean concentrations for 50% inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical were 46.00, 26.43 and 21.72 μg GAE/mL, and their mean values representing ferric reducing antioxidant power were 75.91, 87.66 and 100.43 μg Trolox equivalents/100 μg GAE, respectively. "Zoumayang", "Baheou", "No. 5 elian" and "Guixi Fuou" were the hierarchically clustered varieties with relatively higher phenolic content and stronger antioxidant activity as compared with the others. Especially, their nodes and peels are promising sources of antioxidants for human nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ultrasonic extraction with deep eutectic solvent extracted free phenolics of 19 potato genotypes. • Free, bound, and total TPC, TFC, FRAP, and phenolic profiles were studied. • 7 free and 24 bound phenolics from 19 genotypes were identified and quantified. • Heijingang showed the highest free and total TPC and FRAP, and largest number of phenolics. • Cluster analysis divided 19 potato genotypes into six groups. Potato phenolics exhibit health-promoting effects. Studies on bound phenolics are scarce. Here, significant differences in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity in free and bound forms were found among 19 potato genotypes. 7 free and 24 bound phenolics were characterized and quantified using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry, among which 22 bound phenolics are reported for the first time in potato. The number and content of identified free and bound phenolics changed considerably among the genotypes. Chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid and rutin in free form, and benzoic and caftaric acids in bound form were predominant. Heijingang showed the highest free and total TPC and antioxidant activity, and the largest number of phenolic compounds, whereas S17-1-1 contained the highest free and total TFC and Longshu 7 contained the highest bound phenolic content. Cluster analysis segregated the genotypes into 6 groups. This study provides useful information on benefits of potato in human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of peanut skin extract and its effect on the color and lipid oxidation of cooked chicken patties over 15 d of refrigerated storage. The extract was obtained using 80% ethanol and evaluated in terms of total phenolic content, reducing power based on the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) reagent, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The patties were made with ground thigh fillets, chicken skin, and 2% salt. They were homogenized and divided into the following two groups: a control treatment without antioxidants and a peanut skin treatment with 70 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg per patty. Analyses of the fatty acid profiles, instrumental colors (L*, a*, and b*) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were performed on d 1, 8, and 15 of storage at 1 ± 1ºC. The peanut skin extract resulted in a phenolic content of 32.6 ± 0.7 mg GAE/g dry skin, an antioxidant activity (FRAP) of 26.5 ± 0.8 6 μmol Trolox equivalent/g dry skin, and an efficient concentration (EC50) of 46.5 μg/mL. The total unsaturated fatty acid was approximately 73%, and 39% of this fatty acid content was monounsaturated. The peanut skin extract slowed the decrease in the a* values (P < 0.05) but reduced the L* and b* values compared to the control samples during storage (P < 0.05). Lipid oxidation was minimized by the peanut skin extract (P < 0.05), which resulted in a maximum value of 0.97 malondialdehyde (MDA)/kg compared to values that were close 19 mg MDA/kg patties in the control sample at the end of storage period. Thus, it can be concluded that although peanut skin extract causes little color change, it can be applied as a natural antioxidant to cooked chicken patties because it efficiently inhibits lipid oxidation in this product during refrigerated storage. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, phenolic profile of Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum and its bioactivity in multiway approach including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, cytotoxic and antiinflamatory activities were investigated. The extraction of phenolic and flavonoid compounds from Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum was optimized as a function of ethanol percentage, extraction temperature and extraction time by employing a response surface method. The optimal extraction conditions were found as 79 °C extraction temperature, 28% ethanol and 118 min duration of the extraction. Quercetin was determined as the major phenolic compound of the extract obtained under the optimal conditions and followed by vanillic, caffeic, 2,4 hydroxybenzoic and ellagic acid. In addition to high antioxidant capacity, the obtained extract showed antimicrobial activity, against different bacteria and molds. The concentrations of the extract obtained at the optimal conditions that inhibited 50% of Aspergillus oryzae and pancreatic α-amylases and α-glycosidase activities were calculated as 11.56, 14.35 and 19.35 mg extract/mL, respectively. The antiinflammatory effect of the obtained extract was also examined, and it was more inhibitory against xanthine oxidase activity than against lipoxygenase activity. The cytotoxicity of the optimized extract was observed against breast and bone cancer cells, and it showed significant cytotoxic activity especially on bone cancer cells. As a result, Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum could serve as a promising source of natural bioactive compounds for application in food and non-food products. • Optimization of the extraction conditions of phenolics and flavonoids from Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum were studied. • The extract showed the high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. • The extract had antidabetic and antiflamatory properties. • The extract displayed cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MG-63 cells. • Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum could be used in food and non-food applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sixty Brazilian honey samples were analysed for their total phenolic content with the Folin-Denis reagent, total flavonoid content by aluminium chloride method, and antioxidant activity by reaction with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. Colour was also classified according to visual analysis and Pfund scale. Linear relationships were observed between colour and flavonoid content, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity, and total flavonoid and phenolic contents. The white-coloured Citrus honey showed the lowest antioxidant activity, while the light ambar Verbenaceae honey showed the highest total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Dark-coloured and polyfloral honeys, though less popularized among consumers, showed average to high antioxidant capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]