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4 results on '"Edd J. Brooks"'

1. Small localized breeding populations in a widely distributed coastal shark species

Author

Edd J. Brooks, Kevin A. Feldheim, J. Quinlan, D. D. Chapman, B. D. Postaire, Tristan L. Guttridge, M. P. M. van Zinnicq Bergmann, GM Clementi, R. D. Grubbs, Aaron C. Henderson, and R. Tavares

Subjects
education.field_of_study, biology, Population, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Effective population size, Sample size determination, Negaprion brevirostris, Sampling design, Genetics, Local population, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Identifying the geographical scale at which natural populations structure themselves is essential for conservation. One way to gauge this structure is by estimating local effective population size (Ne) and the associated measure of effective number of breeders (Nb), as the smaller and more isolated natural populations are, the smaller Ne and Nb they will present. However, as Ne and Nb are greatly influenced by demographic events and by both species’ behavior and biology, assessing the effectiveness of sample design is necessary to ensure the reliability of said estimates. Here, we first test the sample size effect on yearly Nb and generational Ne estimates from a lemon shark Negaprion brevirostris nursery in Bimini (The Bahamas) and subsequently compare these parameters to estimates of the minimal number of breeders based on pedigree reconstruction. We found that yearly estimates of Nb are positively correlated to annual variations in number of breeders estimated via pedigree reconstructions. Moreover, we measured that 30 individuals from a single cohort were sufficient to obtain reliable yearly estimates of Nb in Bimini’s lemon sharks. We then estimated generational Ne in 10 lemon shark nurseries across the Western Atlantic. Almost every nursery sampled represents an independent population on a generational time scale, with Ne rarely higher than 100 individuals. Our study reveals strong local population structure in lemon sharks, and thus their exposure to localized depletion or extirpation, suggesting that studies of coastal shark nursery areas could routinely estimate Ne and Nb to obtain management-relevant information on adult populations. .

Published
2021
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2. Anthropogenic pressures on reef-associated sharks in jurisdictions with and without directed shark fishing

Author

Oliver N. Shipley, Elizabeth A. Babcock, GM Clementi, Edd J. Brooks, Owen R. O’Shea, Steven T. Kessel, Mark E. Bond, Heithaus, Jasmine Valentin-Albanese, Demian D. Chapman, Mpm Van Zinnicq Bergmann, Kathryn I. Flowers, Tristan L. Guttridge, and Elizabeth R. Whitman

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishing, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fishery, Marine protected area, human activities, Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Shark populations have declined across the Caribbean region, with negative associations between shark abundance and human population density, open access to fishing, and proximity to large markets (‘market gravity’). This decline is frequently attributed to fishing mortality, which increases in areas closer to humans and outside marine reserves. Although it is difficult to disentangle the effects of fishing mortality from other anthropogenic pressures on sharks, comparing shark abundance and diversity in jurisdictions with near zero fishing mortality versus prevalent shark fishing can demonstrate the role of overfishing. We used baited remote underwater video systems to compare shark abundance and diversity on coral reefs in 2 Caribbean nations with contrasting levels of shark exploitation: Belize (shark fishing) and The Bahamas (shark sanctuary). The abundance of targeted shark species and diversity were significantly higher in The Bahamas than in Belize. Caribbean reef and nurse shark abundance in Belize were best predicted by fishing-related factors (marine reserves, market gravity, their interaction). In The Bahamas, abiotic factors (depth, sea surface temperature) best predicted nurse shark abundance, while depth, market gravity, and its interaction with marine reserves predicted Caribbean reef shark abundance. These results indicate that fishing mortality reduces shark abundance and diversity in Belize, while lower fishing mortality in The Bahamas has greatly reduced but not eliminated human impacts on sharks. Future work should elucidate the indirect effects of humans to develop holistic shark conservation plans. We suggest minimizing shark fishing through multinational management plans to improve shark abundance and diversity, especially on reefs near densely populated areas.

Published
2021
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3. Author Correction: Global status and conservation potential of reef sharks

Author

Demian D. Chapman, Robert E. Hueter, Mark G. Meekan, Juney Ward, Virginia Fourqurean, Aljoscha Wothke, M. Shiham Adam, Mohini Johnson, Michelle R. Heupel, Rosalind M. K. Bown, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Jessica Quinlan, Owen R. O’Shea, Adam N. H. Smith, Alessandro Ponzo, Michael L. Berumen, Eric Clua, Jennifer E. Caselle, Jordan Goetze, Laurent Vigliola, Tim J. Langlois, Tristan L. Guttridge, Bradley J. Peterson, Jorge Angulo-Valdés, Patrick J. Burke, Melita Samoilys, JQ Maggs, L. M. Sjamsul Quamar, Matthew J. Rees, Daniel Fernando, Jasmine Valentin-Albanese, Steve Lindfield, Fabián Pina-Amargós, Lauren Sparks, Elizabeth R. Whitman, Muslimin Kaimuddin, M. Aaron MacNeil, Thomas Claverie, Llewelyn Meggs, Andy Estep, Océane Beaufort, Naomi F. Farabaugh, Venkatesh Charloo, Mareike Dornhege, Jeffrey C. Carrier, Martin de Graaf, B. Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto, Kennedy Osuka, Aaron J. Wirsing, Andrea D. Marshall, Elodie J. I. Lédée, Dayne Buddo, Kathryn I. Flowers, Edd J. Brooks, Nikola Simpson, Taratu Kirata, Kirk Gastrich, Brooke M. D’Alberto, Taylor Gorham, C. Samantha Sherman, Conrad W. Speed, Neil D. Cook, Michael J. Travers, Colin K. C. Wen, Steven T. Kessel, Royale S. Hardenstine, Jessica E. Cramp, Darcy Bradley, Leanne M. Currey-Randall, Michelle Schärer-Umpierre, Stacy L. Bierwagen, Ricardo C. Garla, Clay Obota, Michael R. Heithaus, Josep Nogués, Jeremy J. Kiszka, Erika Bonnema, Rubén Torres, Fabian Kyne, Rory Graham, Vinay Udyawer, Akshay Tanna, Nishan Perera, Lachlan George, Philip Matich, Alexandra M. Watts, Jesse E. M. Cochran, Anna L. Flam, Camila Cáceres, Audrey M. Schlaff, Alexei Ruiz-Abierno, Erin McCombs, Colin A. Simpfendorfer, Diego Cardeñosa, Joshua E. Cinner, Enric Sala, Lanya Fanovich, Esteban Zarza-Gonzâlez, Jacob Asher, Camilla Floros, GM Clementi, Heidi Hertler, J. Jed Brown, Khadeeja Ali, Cecilie Benjamin, Stacy D. Jupiter, Laura García Barcia, Devanshi Kasana, Sushmita Mukherji, Baraka Kuguru, Stephen Heck, Euan S. Harvey, Maurits P. M. van Zinnicq Bergmann, Ryan R. Murray, Aaron C. Henderson, Mark E. Bond, Dianne L. McLean, Benedict Kiilu, Stephen E. Moore, Andhika Prima Prasetyo, Anthony T. F. Bernard, Andrea Luna-Acosta, and Stephen J. Newman

Subjects
Fishery, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Published Erratum, MEDLINE, Onderz. Form. B, Life Science, Reef
Abstract

An Amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020

4. Global status and conservation potential of reef sharks

Author

Eric Clua, Jennifer E. Caselle, Mark G. Meekan, Stephen J. Newman, Mohini Johnson, C. Samantha Sherman, Leanne M. Currey-Randall, Josep Nogués, Andy Estep, Kathryn I. Flowers, Mareike Dornhege, Steven T. Kessel, Demian D. Chapman, Patrick J. Burke, Aljoscha Wothke, Esteban Zarza-Gonzâlez, Michelle R. Heupel, Brooke M. D’Alberto, Robert E. Hueter, Michelle Schärer-Umpierre, Audrey M. Schlaff, Fabián Pina-Amargós, Colin K. C. Wen, Cecilie Benjamin, Colin A. Simpfendorfer, Juney Ward, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Diego Cardeñosa, Stacy D. Jupiter, Jessica Quinlan, Owen R. O’Shea, Edd J. Brooks, Andrea Luna-Acosta, Taylor Gorham, Tim J. Langlois, GM Clementi, M. Shiham Adam, Stacy L. Bierwagen, Royale S. Hardenstine, Michael L. Berumen, Daniel Fernando, Euan S. Harvey, Naomi F. Farabough, Michael R. Heithaus, Heidi Hertler, Erika Bonnema, Jessica E. Cramp, Jordan Goetze, Philip Matich, Jacob Asher, Alexandra M. Watts, Jasmine Valentin-Albanese, JQ Maggs, Ryan R. Murray, Alessandro Ponzo, Taratu Kirata, Camilla Floros, Elizabeth R. Whitman, Aaron C. Henderson, Adam N. H. Smith, Jorge Angulo-Valdés, Laurent Vigliola, Matthew J. Rees, Muslimin Kaimuddin, Andrea D. Marshall, Conrad W. Speed, Michael J. Travers, Dayne Buddo, Neil D. Cook, Thomas Claverie, Llewelyn Meggs, M. Aaron MacNeil, Virginia Fourqurean, Rubén Torres, Venkatesh Charloo, Elodie J. I. Lédée, Mark E. Bond, Ricardo C. Garla, Rory Graham, Jeremy J. Kiszka, Steve Lindfield, Darcey Bradley, Joshua E. Cinner, Jeffrey C. Carrier, Sushmita Mukherji, Tristan L. Guttridge, Bradley J. Peterson, Martin de Graaf, B. Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto, Lachlan George, Melita Samoilys, L. M. Sjamsul Quamar, J. Jed Brown, Lauren Sparks, Khadeeja Ali, Benedict Kiilu, Nishan Perera, Stephen Heck, Alexei Ruiz-Abierno, Erin McCombs, Devanshi Kasana, Baraka Kuguru, Maurits P. M. van Zinnicq Bergmann, Enric Sala, Lanya Fanovich, Laura García Barcia, Fabian Kyne, Vinay Udyawer, Akshay Tanna, Rosalind M. K. Bown, Stephen E. Moore, Andhika Prima Prasetyo, Anthony T. F. Bernard, Kirk Gastrich, Jesse E. M. Cochran, Anna L. Flam, Camila Cáceres, Dianne L. McLean, Nikola Simpson, Clay Obota, Océane Beaufort, Kennedy Osuka, Aaron J. Wirsing, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean - East Africa (CORDIO - East Africa), ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reefs Studies and Coral Genomics Group, James Cook University (JCU), and James Cook University (JCU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Fishing, Reef shark, Population, Fisheries, Geographic Mapping, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Onderz. Form. B, Life Science, Animals, 14. Life underwater, education, Reef, Ecosystem, Population Density, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Coral Reefs, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishery, Overexploitation, Geography, Socioeconomic Factors, Sharks, Conservation status, Marine protected area, Conservation biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Fishing has had a profound impact on global reef shark populations, and the absence or presence of sharks is strongly correlated with national socio-economic conditions and reef governance. Decades of overexploitation have devastated shark populations, leaving considerable doubt as to their ecological status(1,2). Yet much of what is known about sharks has been inferred from catch records in industrial fisheries, whereas far less information is available about sharks that live in coastal habitats(3). Here we address this knowledge gap using data from more than 15,000 standardized baited remote underwater video stations that were deployed on 371 reefs in 58 nations to estimate the conservation status of reef sharks globally. Our results reveal the profound impact that fishing has had on reef shark populations: we observed no sharks on almost 20% of the surveyed reefs. Reef sharks were almost completely absent from reefs in several nations, and shark depletion was strongly related to socio-economic conditions such as the size and proximity of the nearest market, poor governance and the density of the human population. However, opportunities for the conservation of reef sharks remain: shark sanctuaries, closed areas, catch limits and an absence of gillnets and longlines were associated with a substantially higher relative abundance of reef sharks. These results reveal several policy pathways for the restoration and management of reef shark populations, from direct top-down management of fishing to indirect improvement of governance conditions. Reef shark populations will only have a high chance of recovery by engaging key socio-economic aspects of tropical fisheries.

Published
2020
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