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The features of designing the frame of a universal container made of square pipes are presented in this paper. The two frame loading schemes are taken into account: the effect of vertical loading on the container frame when it is lifted by the upper corner fittings (I loading mode); the effect of longitudinal loading on the frame during transportation by the rail transport (II loading mode). Mathematical modeling was performed to determine the longitudinal loading acting on the container in the II loading mode. The determined acceleration is taken into account when constructing the schemes of force factors that arise in the frame. The strength of the frame was calculated using the finite element method, which was implemented in SolidWorks Simulation. The conducted research could contribute to creation of recommendations and developments regarding the design of modern structures of modular vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper highlights the results of determining the strength of the brake pad of a freight wagon under uneven loading in operation. The main reasons for the uneven loading on the pad have been found. A mathematical tool for determining the strength of the pad unevenly loaded has been proposed. In the study, the pad is considered to be a rod system loaded with concentrated forces and bending moments. Sensors have been used in order to detect the load state of the brake pads. These sensors have been defined in the simulation software, and they have been placed on the working surface of the pad in the area of its interaction with the wheel. The operation of these sensors was simulated in the simulation software package. The results of the calculation have shown that the stresses in the pad are about 21.1 MPa; thus, they exceed the permissible values by 29%. Therefore, considering the uneven loading of the pad in operation, the strength of the pad is not ensured. To test the obtained results, the strength of the pad was determined using the finite element method. The Coulomb criterion was used for the calculation. It was found that the maximum stresses in the pad were about 19 MPa. These stresses were 21% higher than permissible values and occurred in the back of the pad. The study has proven that the uneven loading on the brake pad in operation can cause their destruction during braking. This may also cause traffic accidents with freight trains during their movement. The results of this study will contribute to the theoretical developments and recommendations aimed at improving the brake system of a freight wagon and rail traffic safety. It is considered that the tensometric sensors will be applied in future experimental tests for comparison and verification of the achieved results from the simulation computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for container transportation makes it necessary to equip the wagon fleet with appropriate flatcars in good technical condition. The study deals with the determination of the strength of the flatcar during shunting impacts using the finite element method. The flatcar model 13-401 modernized with fixed fittings for securing containers on the frame was used as a prototype. The authors determined the fields of the maximum equivalent stresses in the bearing structure of a flatcar. The strength calculation was made in SolidWorks Simulation. It was found that, during a shunting collision, the maximum equivalent stresses to the flatcar were about 418 MPa and they were concentrated in the fixed fittings. The strength was also studied using the method of electric strain gauging. The research included different impact speeds. The test results showed that the maximum difference between the stresses obtained theoretically and experimentally was 17.0%. The strength model of the flatcar was tested using the Fisher criterion. The study demonstrated that the damage to the bearing structure of the flatcar and containers could be reduced when applying an improved interaction diagram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of the strength calculation of the FLAT RACK removable module design using the finite element method. The FLAT RACK removable module provides higher efficiency of freight transportation. The special features of the removable module are its components made of rectangular tubes and its fittings with viscoelastic bonds. The parameters of the profile for such a removable module are determined through the maximum resistance moments of its components. The research includes mathematical modelling of the dynamic loading on the removable module placed on a flat wagon during a shunting impact. The accelerations to the removable module are also determined. The results are confirmed by computer modelling of the dynamic loading on the removable module. It is found that the strength of the removable module is provided. The research conducted may be used by those who are concerned about designing advanced module-type rail vehicle structures and enhancing their operational efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reflects the results from determining the vertical loading of the supporting structure of the tank car. A feature of the tank car is the presence of friction bonds implemented by means of elastic elements in the boiler supports on the frame, which helps to reduce the loading of the supporting structure and increase the fatigue strength. To substantiate the proposed solution, the determination of the vertical loading of the supporting structure of the tank car was carried out when driving in an empty state by rail unevenness. It was established that the use of friction bonds implemented by means of bearings makes it possible to reduce the dynamic loading of the tank car by almost 35% compared to the prototype. To determine the distribution fields of acceleration acting on the supporting structure of the tank car, as well as their numerical values, a computer simulation of the dynamic loading of its supporting structure was carried out. The calculation was carried out using the finite element method according to the Mises criterion. When carrying out calculations, elastic connections were placed between the boiler and its supports using the options of the software package. To consider the friction component, the friction force was taken into account which was applied in the zones of the interaction of the boiler with the supports. The conducted studies showed that the discrepancy between the results of analytical and numerical modeling is 7.9%. It was established that the design service life of the improved supporting structure of the tank car is more than 20% higher than the service life of the prototype car. The safety factor of fatigue strength was 4.1. The research conducted can be used by those concerned about reducing failures in the bearing structures of tank cars in operational loading modes, decreasing maintenance costs, and developing recommendations for designing innovative car structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study concerns dynamic loading on the carrying structure of a flat car with elastic-friction longitudinal beams. The authors built a mathematical model including the vertical displacements in the carrying structure of a flat car symmetrically loaded with four 1 CC containers. The mathematical model was solved with MathCad software. It was found that the maximum accelerations on a flat car were about 2.0 m/s2. Thus, the accelerations obtained were within the allowable values. The study presents the results of computer modeling of dynamic loads on the carrying structure of a container and a flat car with elastic-friction longitudinal beams. The calculation was made with the finite element method in SolidWorks (CosmosWorks) software. Besides, the authors defined the numerical values of these accelerations and the distribution fields relative to the carrying structure of a container and a flat car. The discordance between the results of the mathematical and computer modeling was about 7%. The research may be useful for those who are concerned about designing innovative rolling stock units and improving the operational efficiency of the rolling stock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of research into the strength of the hatch covers of general-purpose open wagons. It was detected that strength of the standard hatch covers is not provided in operational loading diagrams. Therefore, new designs of the hatch covers for open wagons were proposed. The results of the strength calculation, implemented with the finite element method, make it possible to conclude that at basic and additional operational loading diagrams the strength values for proposed designs of hatch covers do not exceed the admissible values. The research conducted can contribute to a higher strength of the carrying structures of the bodies of general-purpose open wagons in operation, thus, guaranteeing a higher operational efficiency of the rail transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the cost of designing and manufacturing of the new-generation open wagons, it is proposed to construct their carrying systems from round pipes. In order to exploit the proposed designs of wagons in international rail-water communication, it is assumed that they will be equipped with assemblies for fastening of chain binders. The maximal values of accelerations, as components of dynamic load acting on open wagons, made from round pipes during their transportation on a railway ferry, are determined. It is established that when moving the body in the vertical direction for a wagon located on the upper deck, the maximum acceleration value is 0.84 g, with angular displacement relative to the transverse axis for the extreme from the anchor point of the wagon body - is 0.1 g, with angular displacement around the longitudinal axis for the extreme from the bulwark of the body of the wagon - is 0.24 g. The conducted researches will enable increased efficiency of operation of open wagons through international transport corridors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]