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In this paper, we propose a new design of an all-optical 2-bit adder based on Photonic Crystal nonlinear ring resonators. The proposed structure is designed by cascading one optical half adder and one full adder composed of nonlinear ring resonators. The Photonic Crystal (PhC) based 2-bit adder consists of four input ports (A0, B0, A1, and B1), and three output ports for SUM and CARRY (S0, S1, and C1). The contrast ratios of the output ports S0, S1, C1 are about 16.62 dB and 16.33 dB, and 15.13 dB, respectively. The optical 2-bit adder is simulated at the C-band communication window (at the wavelength 1550 nm). The plane wave expansion (PWEM) and the finite element methods are used to study the photonic band structure and the light propagation inside the optical 2-bit adder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have presented a new design of an all-optical full-adder using dual nonlinear ring resonators. The PhC based full adder consists of three input ports (A, B, and Cin), two half adders based nonlinear ring resonators, a logic gate stage, and two output ports for ''SUM" and ''CARRY". The footprint and contrast ratios of the proposed full adder are about 635 μm2, 19.34 dB, and 15.96 dB, respectively. The advantages of non-linearity are the normalized power difference with high and low logical values improves the constant ratios. The plane wave expansion (PWE) and the finite element methods are used to study the photonic band structure and the light propagation inside the full adder under COMSOL Multiphysics Software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we proposed that a 3 × 8 all-optical decoder operates around 1.55 µm. We combined a 3-input port mixer (A1, A2, and A3) with an excitation port (E) and an 8-output port switch to create the proposed structure. The mixer is a square array of GaAs dielectric rods with a refractive index of 3.37. The switch is a square network of GaAs with a linear refractive index equal to 3.37 and a nonlinear Kerr coefficient equal to 1.6 × 10–17 m2/w. We controlled the switch's optical behavior via the applied optical power intensity. The switch insertion loss values are between − 0.043 and − 0.6 dB, and the maximum cross talk is between − 7.96 and − 14.62 dB. The intensity applied to the combiner input ports is 600 w/m2. In order to activate the decoder, we excited it to a power of 100 w/m2. To perform the necessary simulations, we used the finite-element method implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The proposed structure works completely in the optical domain without any electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have proposed a novel design and simulated an all-optical 1-bit half-adder based on photonic crystal. The fundamental structure is a square lattice of 2D Silicon rods, operating around the central wavelength of 1550 nm. The proposed half adder is composed of an optical combiner with two input ports, A and B are used for excitation power, and two parallel nonlinear ring resonators with two output ports, S and C, which are SUM and CARRY, respectively. In the creation of a nonlinear ring resonators at the resonant wavelength of 1550 nm and 1538 nm, respectively, we replaced the central rods with defect rods made of doped glass with a linear refractive index and nonlinear Kerr coefficient are about 1.4 and 10-14 m2/W. The optical intensity 10 mW/µm2 is used at the input ports A and B. The contrast ratios for output ports SUM and CARRY are about 13.71 dB, 13.67 dB and the total footprint is 198.9 µm2. The proposed structure has the advantage of simple design and small size with dimensions of 15.3×13 µm2. The normalized power values are low which correspond to 0 state in the output, whereas the power is reasonably high at output for logic stat 1, the power level for logic states "0" and "1" is equal to 4% and 94% respectively. The power difference with high and low logic values improves the constant ratios and reduce the bit error rate BER. The finite element method FEM and Plane-wave expansion PWE method are used to simulate the proposed structure under COMSOL Multiphysics software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have presented an efficient original architecture of all-optical 2 × 4 photonic crystal decoder based on non-linear ring resonators. The fundamental structure is a square lattice of 2D GaAs rods, operating around the wavelength 1.55 µm. The proposed decoder is composed of a combiner with three input ports, where the port E is used for excitation and A1, A2 are the control ports, and an optical switch with four output ports, and it is a nonlinear DMEX. For the creation of a switch at the wavelength of 1.55 µm, we used nonlinear chalcogenide glass rods with a nonlinear Kerr coefficient equal to 9 × 10–17 m2/w. The switching intensity and structure size are 1 Kw/µm2, 27.12 µm × 17.96 µm, respectively. The contrast ratio is about 8.7. The maximum crosstalk and insertion losses are calculated to be about − 22.1 and − 4.5 dB. The maximum and minimum power levels for logic states 0 and 1 are 0.05 × P0 and 0.37 × P0 where P0 is the input power. The finite element method was used to perform the necessary calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two classes of V-band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bends operating in V-band frequency in the range [58-63 GHz] for the $${90^{\circ}}$$ SIW bend with inductive via and in the range [57-68 GHz] for the circular SIW bend and corporate $${1\times4}$$ and $${1\times8}$$ SIW power dividers that provide equal power split with high isolation in all output ports operating in V-band [45-80 GHz] are presented and studied. The advantages of the SIW technique are its low profile, low cost, mass production, ease of fabrication and full integration with planar circuits. All the SIW bend topologies are optimized and designed to operate in the V-band frequency range. The bends and dividers are analyzed using the two-dimensional finite element method (2D-FEM). The analysis was performed in H-plane using a powerful full-wave method based on the two-dimensional finite element method (2D-FEM) programmed under MATLAB environment. The return losses, transmission coefficients and the field's distribution are exposed in this paper. To validate our results numerically, a comparison is made and the obtained results are compared with those given by the CST Microwave Studio. It is observed that the simulation computation time is reduced with good accuracy since the discretization was done only in two dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]