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The foremost part of the leisure tourism enterprise management system is evaluated and studied to explore the financial risk of leisure tourism enterprise and find the loopholes in enterprise risk management. First, the current financial risk management of tourism enterprises is evaluated, using the solvency of corporate finance, capital structure, operating efficiency, and profitability as indexes. Then, the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model is constructed through the neural network in deep learning. Consequently, the BPNN algorithm model is used to identify and address risks and analyze the financial risks in the risk management system of leisure tourism enterprises. The results show that the shareholders' equity ratio has a great influence on the financial security of tourism enterprises; most of the tourism enterprises have a good financial situation, and most of them do not have large financial risk, and most of them can counter the debt risk properly. Thus, the BPNN model can effectively improve the efficiency and quality of the risk management system in traditional tourism enterprises. The results can help tourism enterprises utilize the enterprise management system better.

Recent regulatory proposals tie the systemic importance of a financial institution to its complexity. However, we know little about how complexity affects a bank's behavior, including its risk management. Using the gradual deregulation of banks' nonbank activities during 1996-1999 as a natural experiment, we show that the frequency and magnitude of operational risk events in U.S. bank holding companies have increased significantly with their business complexity. This trend is particularly strong for banks that were bound by regulations beforehand, especially for those with an existing Section 20 subsidiary, and weaker for the other banks that were not bound and for nonbank financial institutions that were not subject to the same regulations to begin with. These results reveal the darker side of post-deregulation diversification, which in earlier studies has been shown to lead to improved stock and earnings performance. We use operational risk events as a risk management measure because (i) the timing of the origin of each event is well identified, and can be years before it is materialized into a loss in the balance sheet, and (ii) the risk events can serve as a direct measure of materialized failures in risk management without being influenced by the confounding factors that drive asset prices, such as implicit government guarantees. Our findings have important implications for the regulation of financial institutions deemed 'systemically important,' a designation tied closely to their complexity by the Bank for International Settlements and the Federal Reserve.

PurposeThe variability of weather at tourist destinations can significantly affect travel decisions by tourists and their comfort. In particular, rain affects the profitability of hospitality firms that can hardly contrast the phenomenon of heavy rain. Therefore, the assessment of rainfall financial risks, i.e. the negative economic effects caused by rain, becomes crucial to safeguarding the profitability of the hospitality industry. The purpose of this study is to assess such risks.Design/methodology/approachThe present work contributes to the literature on weather/climate change and tourism by advancing a model for the rainfall financial risk assessment of hospitality firms. The model is based on scenario correlation between business performances and rain and originates from the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) presented by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), where some tools to adequately face business risks are advanced.FindingsThe model is complemented by an empirical experiment based on the business performances of the hospitality industry of Lake Garda and the amount of rainfall in the same area during the decade 2005-2014. The empirical application detects scenario correlation between those variables over time. In particular, the findings open opportunities to purchase financial instruments (insurance contracts, derivative instruments, etc.) with greater awareness, with the purpose of mitigating the negative impacts of rain on business performances of hospitality firms.Originality/valueThe model improves scenario analysis by introducing scenario correlation, which is a tool for assessing the highly nonlinear links between business performances and rain in today’s complex world. This is the essential step that firms should perform if they want to successfully adopt strategic decisions about rainfall financial risk management.

As an important link in the process of corporate financial management, financial risk management plays an indispensable role in the long-term development of corporate management. In recent years, with the continuous development of the market economy, companies have gradually increased their dependence on the market, and the financial risks they faced have also increased. Various types of financial risks make an enterprise overwhelmed, and the lack of some enterprise risk management mechanisms directly leads to a huge financial crisis for the enterprise, and even the risk of bankruptcy and liquidation. Therefore, strengthening corporate financial risk management and effectively controlling financial risks in corporate production and operation activities are not only important behaviors for companies to ensure financial safety and reduce their development risks, but also key measures for companies to stabilize their own operations and follow the path of sustainable development. This paper analyzes the types and causes of corporate financial risks, combing some existing problems in corporate risk management, and proposes reasonable and effective control strategies for them, in order to provide relevant ideas for the study of corporate financial risk management issues.

The study deals with the Effect of Financial Risk Management on the Performance of Insurance Companies in Rwanda. It investigates the effectiveness of financial risk management in the performance of insurance companies from March 2015 to March 2019. Specifically, this study identifies the ability of insurance companies to meet their financial obligations; assesses the extent to which insurance companies generate profits, and examines the relationship between financial risk management and performance of insurance companies in Rwanda. To achieve these objectives, this study followed a systematic methodology. It collected secondary data from BNR and used descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis to investigate the relationship which is measured through the eligible determinants, using STATA. The results showed that Rwandan Insurance Companies adopted different financial risk management practices in their operations and that this had a strong effect on their performance. Return on equity (ROE) was found to be the most significant in influencing financial performance positively with (57.089%) variations, followed by net income after taxes with (17.503%) variations, the total expenses were found that did not (variation???). The net premium earned was found to be negatively influencing the financial performance of insurance companies in Rwanda with (15.627%) variations. This study concludes that there is a positive relationship between financial risk management and the performance of insurance companies in Rwanda explained by (96.76%). The study recommends that insurance companies in Rwanda should adopt a different approach to financial risk management to derive greater benefits from their financial management efforts, should also adopt professional skilled personnel and actuaries to perform actuarial work and valuations professionally with expertise. Furthermore, Rwandan insurance companies should follow the current international practice by adopting Enterprise risk management (ERM).

Risk is a topic which has gained attention beyond specialists in organisations and academics since at least the publication of Beck's (1986) work on the “society of risk”. Beck wrote under the shadow of the nuclear meltdown of Tchernobyl which made clear that we are exposed to risks we cannot necessarily perceive, but are immediately affected once they are realised. The financial crisis of 2007/8 brought the immense risk which the financial industry represents and the regulation aiming to control these risks, to a broader attention. Central to the banking business is the requirement to deal with risk inherent in any business, to provide instruments to manage the consequences of risk, but also to trade these instruments. Additionally to risk management, as required by legislation or regulations such as the Financial Accounting Standards, the aim of banking regulation is also to manage the inherent added risks resulting from the aggregation of risk, i.e. those risks that are created by the management of financial risk by the act of trading the risk. Given the immense importance of risk and its management it is a necessary task to not just discuss the content of regulation, but also the central terms used in it. To ask what do these terms mean, which connotations must be considered when using them, how do they lead our attention? The intention of this paper is to have a closer look at the term “risk bearing capacity” and its use in the banking regulation of the Basel accords.

This paper analyzes research on commodity risk management by nonfinancial firms and provides a review of the findings to date. We discuss the theories and methodologies used including the models best suited for examining commodity risk management and exposure. In this study, we review how the research to date provides evidence to the following questions. Is commodity risk reflected in share price behavior? Is the use of commodity risk management tools (derivatives) associated with reduced risk? Is there a relationship between the use of commodity risk management and the value of the firm? What other factors are important to commodity risk management? Suggestions are provided for future research in this area.

Global risks interconnect with one another and threaten our society as a highly interdependent system. However, knowledge on how risk materializations influence one another is limited. Thus, this study provides a network model to measure risk interdependence and presents recommendations on the integrative risk management framework.This study develops a global risk network and calculates its key indicators of structural characteristics. Results show that global risks are closely interconnected and a particular triangle relationship exists among environmental, geopolitical, and societal risks. To improve the resilience of a risk system, the systematic important risks, which are “man-made environmental catastrophes” and “interstate conflict” in this study, should be monitored and controlled. Furthermore, we simplify the risk system by entirely managing risks in the same group based on our reclassification. Our method is considerably effective in detecting upcoming crisis and assists supervisors take ...

This study documents the association between the quality of risk management practices and operational loss realizations at large financial institutions in the United States. Using detailed supervisory data, we find that companies with weak risk management practices experience higher and more volatile operational losses. We document the drivers of this relationship across different operational risk event types and risk management dimensions. In addition, we present evidence that the strength of risk management practices prior to the 2008-2009 Financial Crisis has explanatory power over loss realizations during the crisis period. Our analysis provides new evidence of the importance of risk management practices for curtailing risk realizations at financial institutions.

This study investigates how the implementation of Enterprise Risk Management program affects the performance of firms using an Enterprise Risk Management model for the banking sector and an integrated model for measuring Enterprise Risk Management index used in the study by Mukhtar and Soliman (2016). Ten listed commercial banks were selected with the Enterprise Risk Management index as the main independent variable, with Return on Average Equity (ROAE), Share Price Return (SPR) and Firm Value (FV) used as three separate dependent variables. The study provides strong evidence of a positive relationship between Enterprise Risk Management implementation and performance in the Nigerian banking sector. The findings and conclusions of this study are consistent with those of other studies that used data from different industries, providing a basis from which to generalize the findings from this study to firms in other industries.

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to pursue three objectives: to assess the extent to which theoretical concepts and corporate practice are reflecting the contract’s risk management dimensions; to identify ways to make full usage of the contract’s risk dimensions for risk management purposes; to overcome the isolation of the contract caused by its perception as a legal instrument by integrating its handling into the overall corporate management processes.Design/methodology/approachLiterature is analyzed regarding the contract’s roles as a source of risk and as a risk management device. Based on the relevant findings, it uses the Contractual Management Model to develop a concept that integrates all contract-related risk management processes in an enterprise.FindingsThe paper redefines the term “contract risk” in the light of modern understanding of contract functions and contract purposes. It shows that only Contractual Risk Management theory takes the management capacity of the contract fully into account. A Contractual Risk Management process is suggested which integrates all contract-related corporate management processes and aligns them to the requirements of transaction risk management and enterprise risk management.Originality/valueThe paper may guide executives to optimize corporate risk management processes through a better understanding of the risk potential of contract and of its risk management capacity. It provides a checklist of redefined contract risks as well as a concept that, for the first time, is aligning all contract-related management processes to support the corporate risk management system.

While conventional bank risk management practices is well documented in the literature there is limited research devoted at comparing the risk management practices of Islamic and conventional banks and how the recent financial crisis affected the approach taken in each banking model to manage the risks. In this paper we use self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 150 bank senior managers and risk specialists from Pakistani conventional and Islamic banks to identify the main contributing factors to their risk management practices after the 2007-2008 financial crisis. The study results reveal that risk identification, risk assessment and analysis, credit risk analysis and risk governance are the most efficient and influential variables in explaining the risk management practices of Islamic banks. Whilst understanding risk management, credit risk analysis, and risk governance are the most significant and contributing variables in the risk management practices of conventional banks. Differences are also observed between Islamic and conventional banks in their liquidity risk analysis and risk governance. The results presented in this study are likely to benefit bank managers, investors, regulators, and policymakers as they will serve them as guide when developing, reformulating and overseeing the bank(s) existing risk management practices.

The current state of risk management in Ukraine is considered in the article. The main factors of economic risk for Ukrainian enterprises are identified, such as the unstable political and economic situation in the state, high inflation, unsustainable tax legislation, etc. The needs of the Ukrainian risk management system are identified, as well as specific features of domestic risk management, which include the lack of own infrastructure of risk management and standards of its implementation, significant differences in the Ukrainian and foreign risk profiles for the enterprise, inefficient state risk management, high level of political risk, etc. The need for further research and development of risk management in Ukraine is proved. The procedure for selection of risk management measures in industrial enterprises is suggested, taking into account the world experience in risk management, in particular the FERMA risk management standards, as well as the peculiarities of the existing approach in Ukraine. The proposals for application of risk management measures are made to mitigate the negative impact of environmental factors on the activities of the enterprise and, as a result, improve the results of the economic activities of the enterprise.

The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most competitive businesses in the world. Supply chain in this industry has been directed towards the production of large batches to avoid lack of supplies, and the achievement of regulatory requirements, at the cost of high level of inventory, higher costs and inventory write-off due to expiration or other reasons. In recent years this industry is facing major changes and challenges such as intense globalization processes, increased competition and innovations in technologies, which has broadened and deepened risks in supply chain. The paper reports the results of the study of the risk in distribution processes of Slovenian pharmaceutical companies, which was conducted among five companies and aims to draw attention to risks that arise in supply chain, to emphasize the importance of their management and to present a model for an effective assessment of risk in companies, developed at the Faculty of Logistics.

The aim of this study is to introduce an innovative text mining approach to assess firms' risks using unstructured textual disclosure from annual reports. Specifically, we use Natural Language Processing techniques to extract firms' self-identified risks including financial, strategic, operational, and hazard risks based on an enterprise risk management framework. We examine the association between these four risk measures derived from the risk factor section in 10-K filings and audit fees. The results show that audit fees are significantly and positively related to firm-specific financial, strategic, and operational risks, indicating the informativeness of corporate textual risk disclosures. This study provides direct support for the recent US reporting regulatory requirement of adding a new section on risk factors in corporate annual reports.

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the best practices and the financial performance among 86 manufacturing small and medium enterprises in Cameroon. To achieve this objective, we will carry out a Multivariate Analysis; and the results based on correlation analysis highlight a positive and significant impact of risk culture on financial performance of these enterprises and also show that the independence of the board of directors by itself is not sufficient to increase the firm’s performance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how financial risk management strategies lead to growth of MFI sector in Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted a correlation survey research design. The population of this study was fifty seven (57) MFIs. The sampling frame was the list of MFIs provided in the AMFI website www.amfikenya.com. A sample of thirteen (17) MFIs was selected using the random sampling approach. A questionnaire and an interview schedule were the main data collection tools. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis whereas the quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) where descriptive and regression analysis were conducted to determine the relationship between enterprise risk management strategies and growth of MFIs. Findings: The findings indicated that MFIs had effective financial risk management strategies such as effective credit risk management practices, liquidity risk management practices, interest risk management practices and price risk management practices. In particular, MFIs took into consideration the conditions, characters, capacity, collateral and capital of borrowers. Strict debt collection practices were widely adopted by MFIs. In addition, the concept of Know Your Customer (KYC) policy, seem to have been adopted by MFIs. The relationship between financial risk management strategies and growth was positive and significant. It also shown that sources of funds for MFIs include external sources and internal sources and the most frequently used source of funds are bank loans. The use of banks loans may present various risk exposures to MFIs, the most significant being interest rate risk. However, the ability of MFIs to source funds from various sources indicates that MFIs can apply the pecking order by first exploiting internal sources of funds since they present a lower financial risks and then move on to external sources. However, despite the financial risk exposure accompanied by leverage from external sources, MFIs may also benefit as they may experience higher growth driven by the leverage. It was also found that MFIs had put in place a number of good practices that had emerged to promote responsible and inclusive lending. These include loan size limits, standardized (simple) loan terms, zero tolerance on delinquency, group-based lending. This finding implies that MFIs have put in place effective credit risk management policies which are part of an overall financial risk management strategy. The existence of effective financial risk management practices may have influenced the growth of MFIs Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the MFIs to continue practicing effective financial management practices as this would improve the growth of MFIs.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which insurance companies in Kenya have adopted ERM process, and then to assess the maturity, challenges and strategies in the implementation of this process.Materials and methods: The research design adopted for the study is descriptive research. The researcher conducted a survey on the 49 insurance companies of Kenya to encapsulate the factors that are relevant in articulating the extent of adoption of ERM and the level of maturity. A sample of 196 respondents was selected from a population of 245 respondents. The study used quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 program was used for analysis. The results were presented using tables and pie charts. Similarly, qualitative data was summarized and categorized according to common themes and presentedin continuous prose form.Results: The study concluded that organizational related challenges hindered implementation of ERM programs. Results revealed that inadequate application of the risk management framework, ambiguity in roles and responsibilities in risk management, complexities in risk measurement, lack of embodiment of ERM in organizational culture, difficulty in risk quantification, linking risk information to strategic decision making, ensuring that all decisions remain within the organization’s risk tolerance, proactively identifying current and emerging risks, cost and budgetary constraints, misalignment of the risk and business operating models, risk management not seen as a priority by top management and inadequate information to make risk-based decisions hindered implementation of ERM frameworks among insurance firms in Kenya. The findings imply that organization related challenges have a significant effect on ERM implementation.Recommendations: The study recommends that there should be better organizational strategies to help improve implementation of ERM programs. It was found that building a strong risk culture, engaging consultants, building a dedicated ERM function, committed board of directors and top management, developing risk appetite statement, appointment of a Chief Risk Officer (CRO) and availing ERM budgets improved the implementation of ERM programs. Key words: enterprise risk management, adoption, maturity

Major engineering projects characterized by intensive technologies and high investment are becoming more complex with increasing risks in a global market. Because incorrect investment decision-making can cause great losses to investors, quantitative risk assessment is widely used in establishing the financial feasibility of projects. However, existing methods focus on the impact of uncertain parameters, such as income, on decision variables of investment, neglecting assessing the impact of risk events, such as the sales of products falling short of expectations. In the context of international engineering projects from a risk driver perspective, this paper presents an improved quantitative risk assessment model to help risk managers identify the direct relationships between specific risk events and decision variables of investment. Stress testing is also introduced to assess the negative impact of extreme risks. The new model is applied to an on-going international petrochemical project to demonstrate its use and validate its applicability and effectiveness.

Purpose This paper aims to determine why so many banks do not recognize in a timely manner the inherent risks and imbalances with their risk/reward decision trade-offs, to elevate the risk conversation by embracing a more strategic and adaptive behavioral perspective and to show how an effective risk management organizational mindset is a definite solution for mitigating risk. Design/methodology/approach A direct-mail questionnaire survey was designed with the unit of analysis US community bank (under US$1.5bn in assets) and its risk performance. We used quantitative methods using previously tested scales for main constructs and FDIC bank data for performance measures. To gauge the models capacity for determining discriminatory value, results were also measured against relative peer financial performance. Findings The findings established that an effective risk management process that assimilates risk tolerance, risk propensity and risk practices into a managerial mindset offers a sound solution for mitigating risk. By envisioning risk as a “conceptual model of thinking” and interpreting it as a “predictable business process”, and by offering specific “decision enablers” that complement the corporate mindset, it creates a safety net against unsafe risk practices. As a result, it allows for an appreciation that current financial performance is a direct measure of management’s risk decision capabilities. Research limitations/implications The sample size (n = 151), although adequate for our purpose was relatively small, was restricted to US community banks (less than US$1.5bn in assets) and single-informants (CEOs), thereby providing a somewhat narrow focus. Also, the survey was conducted during a slow economic period, and results may be different during a growth period. We see ripe opportunity for further research, especially related to money-center and regional banks and the next level of management as well as the behavioral influences that frame the risk/reward opportunity. Research on other industries, small businesses, etc., would be valuable because risk permeates all decisioning. Practical implications From a practitioner perspective, providing guidance on risk oversight allows for improved financial performance. The findings should be of interest to financial industry leaders, policy makers and regulators as understanding how an active orientation of risk tolerance, risk propensity and risk practices are coordinated across the organization is vital. Also, managers need to understand how characteristics of risk management manifest itself within their organization in terms of productivity and financial performance. Originality/value This paper is the first comprehensive empirical study that incorporates a conceptual approach that uses outcome history, behavioral influences and operational dimensions to identify risk management capabilities in community banks designed to increase risk/reward awareness.

This paper adopts ARIMA model to explore the relationship between business performance and the fluctuation of exchange rate. The empirical results show that the impacts of the fluctuation of foreign exchange rate on the corporate performance of tourism industry are significant and different across currencies and the size of a tourism company. Furthermore, based on the framework of Kim (2013) , a modern portfolio theory proposed by Markowitz (1952) gives an optimal allocation of foreign exchange for a firm’s decision-makers, which would avoid exchange rate risk exposure and thus complete the construction of enterprise risk management system (ERM) to reduce losses.

In this paper, the financial risk of Ping An Insurance (Group) Company of China, Ltd. acquisition of Shanghai Jahwa United Co., Ltd is divided into the target enterprise risk assessment risk, financing risk and uncertainty of future earnings according to M & A links. The study finds that the target enterprise value assessment under market approach is close to the transaction price; the financing risk can be divided into long-term risk and short-term risk; Uncertainty of future earnings arises from the volatility of the stock price caused by the uncertainty of the target enterprise. To reduce these three risks, this study suggests that M & A companies adopt a variety of methods to comprehensively assess the value of the target enterprise, rationally design the financing plan and pay close attention to the target business operation.

Purpose The aim of this paper is to assess the nature and characteristics of regulatory risk management reporting by private and public sector banks in India. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 38 banks, a content analysis of their Basel II disclosure reports for the year 2012-2013 is examined. Findings The assessment shows that while the majority of the disclosure across banks focuses on credit risk and capital adequacy ratios, the total quantity of disclosure varies significantly across banks. Of the three broad risk categories (market, credit and operational), operational risk disclosure is the least, with minimal to no disclosure on several key aspects of operational risk, suggesting that operational risk issues are likely to emerge as an area of concern among Indian banks. Further, for the sector as a whole, the authors observe that asset size and net income are positively correlated with the quantity of regulatory disclosure and negatively correlated with the variation of this disclosure, suggesting a possible precautionary behavior on the part of larger and more profitable banks toward excessive scrutiny by the regulators and a regulatory regime in which no institution is too big to fail. Originality/value As an exploratory research article to address the characteristics of regulatory disclosure of private and public sector banks in India, it is informative, particularly for those working in the area of banking regulation and compliance. Areas for further research are suggested.

Enterprise risk management (ERM) has emerged as a framework for more holistic and integrated risk management with an emphasis on enhanced governance of the risk management system. ERM should theoretically reduce the volatility of cash flows, agency risk, and information risk—ultimately reducing a firm's default risk. We empirically investigate the relationship between the degree of ERM implementation and default risk in a panel data set covering 78 of the world's largest banks. We create a novel measure of the degree of ERM implementation. We find that a higher degree of ERM implementation is negatively related to the credit default swap (CDS) spread of a bank. When a rich set of control variables and fixed effects are included, a one-standard-deviation increase in the degree of ERM implementation decreases CDS spreads by 21 basis points. The degree of ERM implementation is, however, not a significant determinant of credit ratings when controls for corporate governance are included.

The consideration of risk in the banking industry generally involves the understanding of credit and financial risks. However, the occurrence of high-profile, non-financial risk events (such as system downtime and fraud) have resulted in negative financial and reputational implications for banks globally. These events have provided an opportunity for stakeholders to reflect on the consideration of non-financial risk. Therefore, the objective of this research was to understand the incorporation of non-financial risk management into the strategy process at retail banks, including the related benefits and challenges and the initiatives that have been (and require to be) undertaken. To this end, a qualitative research approach was conducted, using an exploratory design. Twelve banking subject matter experts were interviewed to explore their unique insights and experiences into the research problem. The research identified several challenges related to the consideration of operational and business risk. Key findings emerged including: the need for increased awareness of non-financial risk concepts, the need to balance risk management and business development, and the dangers of over-confidence in existing internal processes.

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) provides a novel approach to managing all risks faced by a firm as a portfolio. By forming a portfolio of risks firms can optimally choose strategies to hedge their overall risk. This study investigates ERM implementation across a broad spectrum of industries. In particular, we examine the effectiveness of ERM in improving firm internal controls by its impact on operational risk. Our findings suggest that ERM is effective in reducing both the frequency and severity of operational risk events. We find that firms with ERM programs on average experience a 63% reduction in the frequency of operational risk events and up to a 35% reduction in operational losses. The findings still hold after controlling for endogenous selection.

Owing to the variable economic and biophysical environment, agricultural activities are subjected to variety of risks and uncertainties. Our contemporary review of the previous literature distinguished two major types of risk in agriculture. First, business risk which include production, market, institutional and personal risks. Second, financial risks resulting from different methods of financing the farm business. The relative importance of these risk sources may depend on the geographical location, government policies and legislations, the presence of formal (state owned) and/or traditional risk coping tools, type of agricultural product etc. There is a wide array of risk management tools available to the farmers to manage their risks at farm level. The adoption of these risk management strategies are heavily influenced by farmers’ risk perceptions their attitude towards risk, farm and farm household characteristics and farmers’ access to publically provided services including agricultural credit and information. An insubstantial proportion of literature also revealed farmers’ behavior of simultaneous adoption of multiple risk coping tools in managing their farm risks and therefore suggesting future studies to investigate farmers’ decisions making process in context of simultaneous adoption of the available risk coping tools.

Modern scientific research in the field of risk management is mainly devoted to general questions of the market theory of risk management, including qualitative risk analysis, protection of the rights of property owners and the study of the problems of selection of the best strategies for profitable market investments. The development of risk management mechanisms for small- and medium-sized businesses in Lithuania compared to other European markets is happening too slowly. The situation is aggravated by unstable situation of the field itself, corrupted officials and the lack of advanced control strategies for internal and external risk management in organisations. All these factors confirm the need to develop new management tools in the field of risk management at such enterprises. The aim of this article is to develop the mechanism of risk management of small and medium-sized businesses and justify it scientifically. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of objectivity using methods of comparative, logical, mathematical statistics and system-structural analysis.

Risk management is an integrative part of all types of project management. One of the main tasks of pre-investment studies and other project documentation is the tendency to protect investment projects as much as possible against investment risks. Therefore, the provision and regulation of risk information ensure the identification of the probability of the emergence of adverse events, their forms, causes and consequences, and provides a timely measures of protection against risks. This means that risk management involves a set of management methods and techniques used to reduce the possibility of realizing the adverse events and consequences and thus increase the possibilities of achieving the planned results with minimal losses. Investment in mining projects are of capital importance because they are very complex projects, therefore being very risky, because of the influence of internal and external factors and limitations arising from the socio-economic environment. Due to the lack of a risk management system, numerous organizations worldwide have suffered significant financial losses. Therefore, it is necessary for any organization to establish a risk management system as a structural element of system management system as a whole. This paper presents an approach to a Risk management model in the project of opening a surface coal mine, developed based on studies of extensive scientific literature and personal experiences of the author, and which, with certain modifications, may find use for any investment project, both in the mining industry as well as in investment projects in other areas.

Dynamic enterprise risk management (ERM) entails holistic decision making for critical corporate functions such as capital budgeting and risk management. The interplay across business divisions, however, is complicated due to their natural interactions through risk exposures that are shared and dependent across an intricate corporate structure. This article develops an integrated optimization framework via a copula-based decision tree interface to facilitate ERM decision making to meet the specified enterprise goal in a multiperiod setting. We illustrate our model and provide managerial insights with a case study for a financial services company engaged in both banking and insurance businesses.

Traditionally risk management used to be considered as a means to alleviate perhaps eliminate negative outcomes of exposures. However, the result of this and other empirical studies shows the ability of risk management to go beyond this and respond to market factors which are out of management control in order to control volatilities in earning which ultimately improve corporate performance. The empirical study investigates the relationship between total risk management and company's performance. The result reviled that there is a positive relationship between total risk management and company's performance in companies which have invested higher level of intellectual capital. The result of the empirical study is consistent with other studies in different economic phenomenon. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

In nowadays, the trend of the economic globalization is increasing evidently. Without exception, all of the global banking industries take information technology as a necessary condition for survival in the future and the core of the competition. Aimed at two risks, ‘operational risk’ and ‘compliance risk’, which commercial banks data center must face to, this article constructs a risk management system, represents a management style of ‘One management framework, One set of risk baseline, Three kinds of control methods, Three improvement mechanisms’, establishes risk baselines as the basic of risk management, consolidates risk assessment experience, raises the standardization level of the risk assessment, improves risk baselines with continuous effort to adapt the updated security environment, identifies operational risk and compliance risk comprehensively within the unified management framework, achieves risk management standardized and sustainable, provides strong support to the commercial bank on the development and robust operation around the whole world.

Purpose – This paper aims to provide an update to the risk management literature, as it compiles a survey of 65 recent theoretical and empirical studies on the topic. Design/methodology/approach – This is a survey paper that summarizes recent theoretical and empirical research regarding the relationship between risk management and firm value. Findings – Recent empirical evidence provides support for theoretical propositions in the literature that risk management increases firm value and returns, while reducing return and cash flow volatility. The results are largely consistent with early findings, and there have been significant empirical advances that address concerns regarding the endogeneity of risk management practices relative to corporate financial decisions. The literature has become broader and deeper, as there are now studies with larger sample sizes across more industries and geographic areas. Practical implications – Firms that use sound risk management practices obtain higher valuations, achieve better financial performance and experience diminished costs of financial distress. Recent research has emerged regarding enterprise risk management and its potential for value creation and risk reduction. Originality/value – The paper provides a new compilation and synthesis of recent theoretical and empirical research in risk management that addresses many of the limitations of prior research.

In 2009, four of the top ten Fortune 500 companies were classified within the oil and gas industry. Organizations of this size typically have an advanced Enterprise Risk Management system in place to mitigate risk and to achieve their corporations’ objectives. The companies and the article utilize the Enterprise Risk Management Integrated Framework developed by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) as a guide to organize their risk management and reporting. The authors used the framework to analyze reporting years 2009 and 2010 for Fortune 500 oil and gas companies. After gathering and examining information from 2009 and 2010 annual reports, 10-K filings, and proxy statements, the article examines how the selected companies are implementing requirements identified in the previously mentioned publications. Each section examines the companies’ Enterprise Risk Management system, risk appetite, and any other notable information regarding risk management. One observation was the existence or non-existence of a Chief Risk Officer or other Senior Level Manager in charge of risk management. Other observations included identified risks, such as changes in economic, regulatory, and political environments in the different countries where the corporations do business. Still others identify risks, such as increases in certain costs that exceed natural inflation, volatility and instability of market conditions. Fortune 500 oil and gas companies included in this analysis are ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Baker Hughes, Valero Energy, and Frontier Oil Corporation. An analysis revealed a sophisticated understanding and reporting of many types of risks, including those associated with increasing production capacity. Specific risks identified by companies included start-up timing, operational outages, weather events, regulatory changes, geo-political and cyber security risks, among others. Mitigation efforts included portfolio management and financial strength. There is evidence that companies in later reports (2013) are more comprehensive in their risk management and reports as evidenced by their 10-K and Proxy Statements (Marathon Oil Corporation, 2013).