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Copyright of Runas. Journal of Education & Culture is the property of CICSHAL - Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades desde America Latina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to investigate the influence of CEO narcissistic personality traits on the indebtedness of Brazilian non-financial companies listed on the B3. Other research on narcissistic traits has focused on their impact on the profitability of organizations. Thus, this study aims to fill the gap in understanding the impact of CEO narcissistic traits on companies' debt decisions and their determinants by including a psychological characteristic. This research is relevant because it helps academics, business professionals and policymakers to identify patterns and trends that could warn of possible financial crises. The impact of this article is related to the evidence on the effects of hiring narcissistic CEOs on indebtedness, since understanding the interaction between the CEO's profile and the company's financial decisions can provide practical guidelines for risk management and informed decision making, thus contributing to the field of business strategy and corporate finance. A sample of 299 non-financial companies was analyzed from 2011 to 2020, using data from the Economática database, annual reports, integrated reports, sustainability reports and management reports. Two proxies were used to measure narcissistic personality traits, based on the CEO's signature and the prominence of his or her photo. Indebtedness was measured by the following indicators: onerous, total, short-term and long-term debt. The results show that the greater the narcissistic traits of the CEOs, the greater the indebtedness of the organizations. This contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors that influence companies' financial decisions, since identifying the factors that lead to risky debt decisions can enable the implementation of preventive measures and more effective risk management strategies.

Using a sample of 25 European countries between 1995 and 2013, this study shows a bidirectional relationship between privatisations and public debt. Firstly, our findings suggest that governments with higher levels of debt tend to privatise state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to a greater extent than less-indebted governments. Subsequently, the results show that privatisations effectively reduce indebtedness. This means that causality between privatisation and public debt should be considered in future studies. In addition, we have found that such a strategy is used more by right-wing governments, which implies the existence of partisan effects. However, our findings do not support any effect caused by electoral cycles.

The transport activity represents an essential component of the economy, making the connection between all its branches and sectors. Within the transport sector, the road freight transport has an extremely important place. In view of elaborating the article hereby, we have chosen a transport company, considering the importance of this object of activity at economic level, but also from the particularities in the field. The selected firm is a family business, fitting into the SMEs category, as regards its dimension. Beyond the theoretical aspects reviewed, the work is grounded on a short financial analysis in terms of balance sheets for a period of four years (2018-2021), also emphasizing the way in which the management of the financial-accounting information is used for taking the managerial decisions.

This study seeks to expand upon existing empirical results about the effect of debt on corporate profitability. Indicators Debt ratio (DR) and Return on Equity (ROE) were used to examine the relationship between debt and corporate profitability. The input data for the analysis represented the financial data of companies operating in the construction industry in Slovakia. The total sample included 7,529 companies. After excluding companies with extreme values, the sample consisted of 6,402 companies. Indicators ROE and DR were used in the given research. To determine the debt threshold, a threshold regression model was applied. Using this model, a nonlinear relationship between debt and profitability was found. An indebtedness threshold has also been identified. Once the threshold is exceeded, the positive relationship between indebtedness and ROE changes to negative. The results, in particular those which indicate a significant non-linear relationship between debt and profitability, are particularly useful for all stakeholders (internal and external) interacting with analyzed companies. AcknowledgmentsThe research was prepared within the grant scheme VEGA 1/0741/20 – The application of variant methods in detecting symptoms of possible bankruptcy of Slovak businesses in order to ensure their sustainable development.

Research background: Debt is considered a normal part of enterprises these days. If enterprises do not have enough equity, they will start to use a large amount of debt which is mainly associated with indebtedness. Rising indebtedness can be a difficult financial situation for business entities in the form of default and inability to meet their liabilities.

In Latin America, SMEs have difficulty accessing sources of financing that allow them to obtain more significant growth and strengthen their economic activity. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the impact of financing in the alternative securities market (MAV) on the economic and financial situation of Peruvian SMEs during 2017–2020. The methodology used in this study is a quantitative approach, descriptive, non-experimental design, and longitudinal measurement. In addition, a documentary analysis technique is employed. The population included 17 SMEs financed in the MAV; the paper considers the financial statements of 6 companies in the last 4 years as a sample. The results obtained show that SMEs financed through the MAV are of different categories and economic activities. Likewise, there is a predisposition of these in the issuance and placement of short-term instruments, determining a favorable economic and financial situation through the analysis of financial indicators, with sustainable profitability growth and an acceptable liquidity and solvency situation. The conclusion is that financing in the alternative securities market has contributed to the improvement of SMEs’ economic and financial state, allowing for sustainable growth and opportunities to diversify their operations.

Due to the specifics of the political and economic system in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), in the recent history of the country it has not been possible to approach the problem and challenges of economic security comprehensively and seriously. The given circumstances reinforce the need for research and analysis of economic security in BiH in order to show the real situation. This paper analyses economic security as a part of national security, with the help of relevant indicators, and then the connection of economic security with the economic development of BiH. Methods of analysis, synthesis, compilation, correlation and linear regression were applied for research purposes. The aim of the research is an empirical analysis of economic security indicators in terms of determining the degree of interconnection of key variables of economic security (public debt, availability of financial resources, technological progress, investment in fixed assets, unemployment, military investment, foreign exchange reserves, budget deficit, GDP growth rate, etc.) for the period from 2008 to 2018. The results of the research clearly reveal that economic and national security are mutually interrelated, and that economic security is a precondition for national security, which confirms the main hypothesis of this paper.

This article, which is in four parts and is based on the surviving records, consists of two case studies on the responses of one privately owned company (Hogarth Shipping Co. Ltd.) and one public company (Lyle Shipping PLC) to the increasingly difficult operational environment of the post-1960 era confronting British shipping firms dealing with increased international competition, political and economic volatility, and financial pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to understand how Portuguese restaurants’ solvency was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the factors that influence it. Financial information was collected for the years 2019 and 2020 in the SABI database to elaborate a quantitative methodology; a descriptive analysis was used and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, a Paired t-test, a one-way ANOVA test, and a multiple linear regression were used to test the formulated hypotheses. The findings confirm that solvency is affected by several determinants, such as financial autonomy, indebtedness, financial leverage, asset turnover, return on equity, and long-term bank debt. Solvency is influenced positively by financial autonomy and financial leverage. In contrast, solvency is negatively influenced by indebtedness, asset turnover, and long-term bank debt. Additionally, this paper represents the first study, in the restaurant sector in Portugal, which analyses the importance of solvency and its determinants, by facing a normal year with a crisis year. The paper is innovative in terms of knowledge about restaurant solvency behavior in periods of financial crisis and also because the COVID-19 pandemic has added an additional variable to restaurant solvency: short-term bank debt. In terms of theoretical implications, this study provides further insights about the factors influencing solvency in restaurant businesses during periods of a financial crisis. The main practical contributions are linked to improving the leadership skills of restaurant owners and managers to deal with periods of crisis in general, thus improving the solvency of their businesses and decreasing the risks associated with bankruptcy.

In contemporary business conditions, that is, in a market economy, business success of a company has to be based on a basic economic and business principle of accomplishing the best possible business results with as little investments as possible. Considering that public utilities carry out public interest activities and employ a large number of people in Serbia, a need emerges to analyze their current status. The goal of this business analysis is to find out appropriate ways of improving public utilities business, including the improvement of the entire public utilities sector in Serbia. The subject of this paper is the analysis of indebtedness of public utilities on the territory of the city of Loznica. Special attention is paid to enterprises that have long-term liabilities in their business. The aim of this paper is a realistic presentation of the indebtedness of public utilities whose founder is the City of Loznica. The amount of indebtedness of local companies is compared in relation to the average indebtedness of public companies from the territory of the Republic of Serbia and the Mačva District. The City of Loznica has established five public companies, with three public companies performing communal activities. The paper will use the ratio analysis of financial indicators. The business operations of the utilities in the period from 2017 to 2019 will be analysed. In addition, the aim of this paper is to present alternative sources of financing for public utilities, which companies can use in case of facing financial problems. The research established that public utilities in Loznica do not have high long-term liabilities, but that this is not the case with other public utilities in Serbia.

Copyright of Nova Economia is the property of Nova Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos, Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Business Law Journal / Administração de Empresas em Revista is the property of Administracao de Empresas em Revista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research background: This paper analyses the inter-relationships between the sources of financing households’ and the debt burden of indebted households.

In this article, the author examines in detail the structure of revenues of municipalities and the level of indebtedness thereof in particular periods. The author´s assumption is that the high rate of revenues obtained by the municipalities from the state, have a negative impact on indebtedness of the municipalities. The aim of the article is to prove that there is a relation between the indebtedness of municipalities and the kinds of revenues thereof. Therefore, the hypothesis the author will try to prove or disprove in her work, reads as follows: “The sources of municipal revenues are a very important aspect that may have a substantial effect on the economic results of every municipality.” The author in particular uses the method of analysis, synthesis and mostly in the second part of her work she also uses the comparative method.

Copyright of Revista de Contabilidade do Mestrado em Ciências Contábeis da UERJ is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecos de Economía is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since multiple-borrowing often leads to over-indebtedness, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued new directives to Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) including restrictions against lending to borrowers having two or more outstanding loans. We argue that such conditions will push productive borrowers to exit the market. We examine whether potential errants can be flagged from available borrower information collected by a Credit Information Company (CIC). We find that borrowers with higher counts of active loans are more likely to furnish different ID cards for taking loans and also take multiple loans on the same ID card. We, therefore, recommend the gradual softening of RBI's curbs and suggest incentivizing MFIs to train errant borrowers to better manage their finances before loan disbursal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main aims of the National Credit Act (NCA) of 2005 in South Africa is to curtail rising consumer over-indebtedness by encouraging credit providers to adopt responsible lending practices. This research study seeks to ascertain whether the NCA’s responsible lending requirements have limited reckless lending by credit providers. Data are collected by a telephonic survey amongst debt counselors and in-depth interviews amongst bank employees. Descriptive statistics are used to analyze data from the descriptive survey, while data from in-depth interviews are analyzed using the thematic approach. Credit providers have divided opinions on whether the NCA limits reckless lending practices. Debt counselors claimed that credit providers are lending irresponsibly. By contrast, insights obtained from bank employees indicate compliance. However, both agree that borrowers are not borrowing responsibly. As a result, consumer education is required to educate consumers on both the benefits and risks of borrowing. It is also recommended that lenders be audited for compliance to the Credit act.

International enterprises (in this paper, international companies are understood as companies that sell their products and services abroad) are precious for the national economy because, through their experience in international sales, they stimulate the development of other companies in the same industry and their subcontractors. The knowledge that these companies have gained on international markets through the spillover effect spreads on their suppliers, as well as through imitation or cooperation on their competitors. Also, international companies (in the meaning: domestic export companies) are often the first to use new technological solutions and product innovations, which contributes to the modernization of products in the entire business sector. Dynamic and robust international companies usually also build networks with entities from different countries in order to cooperate on development, negotiation, and sales, which also encourages similar activities of their competitors. For all these reasons, national governments should take action to help to export companies, or at least monitor the problems that such entities report. The purpose of the publication is to draw attention to the higher demand for the debt that exists in such enterprises and to discuss the reasons for this. In particular, the purpose of the publication was to verify 2 research hypotheses: H1: Internationalization increases indebtedness of a company measured with the debt to equity ratio, and H2: The scale of internationalization (measured with the share of foreign sales to total sales) is positively related to the level of indebtedness (measured with the debt to equity ratio). For both hypotheses we found no grounds to reject these hypotheses. In the opinion of the authors, the demand for debt from exporters should be monitored, especially in terms of the availability of this form of financing for exporters from the SME sector. The paper used the Arellano-Bond model and data downloaded from the Orbis database for years 2007 – 2017.

This article examines the evolution of the sociotechnical systems that is leading to a massive increase in the overall indebtedness of marginalized populations in the Global South. I analyze the processes through which Big Data (or alternative data) technologies are transforming the infrastructure of fringe finance, the nature of its power relations, and its capacities. The article identifies the consequences of these technological transformations on financial practices and illustrates the qualitative nature of the changes involved. I propose that while these innovations have increased the power of this market to capture value, they have also increased risks to indebted populations and the infrastructure's stability. I argue that these financial practices, enhanced by the power of Big Data, have made the infrastructure of fringe finance dangerously hermetic to careful consideration of the productive capacities of those being targeted for inclusion into the formal financial system, thereby making it potentially dysfunctional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the influence of behavioral and demographic factors on indebtedness by constructing a model using specific determinants. The exploratory method is used through the partial least square (SmartPLS) technique, by surveying 320 respondents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to respondents, addressing both demographic and behavioral factors. The results confirmed four of the eight hypotheses stated. Among the determinants, risk perception had a highly significant relationship with both materialism and emotion, while indebtedness had a relationship with emotion and materialism. The findings also indicated that significant differences exist between indebtedness and behavioral factors on the basis of gender, marital status, age, income, and dependence on credit cards and loans. The results may assist various economic players to design better models for credit offerings and address the credit problem in the long term.

Research on relationship between profitability and indebtedness is an interesting scientific and professional question because it is the basic criterion of performance and security in business. The aim of this paper is to examine and determine the level of correlation between profitability and indebtedness, and to research the differences in the level of indebtedness regarding company's profitability. The secondary data for the purposes of the empirical research were collected through the analysis of publicly available financial statements on a sample of companies listed on the quotation and free primary market on the Sarajevo Stock Exchange in the period from 2010. to 2013. The results of the correlation analysis indicate that there is a negative correlation between profitability indicators and indebtedness indicators within the researched companies in the observed period, which was specially indicated through the Total debt in the number of years and Interest coverage ratio. The results of testing the difference in indicators of indebtedness regarding profitability indicate that there is a difference in the indebtedness indicators measured by the Total debt in the number of years and Interest coverage ratio, between the companies that achieved positive financial result and the companies that achieved negative financial result.

This article examines the role of gender in the use of digital finance in Kenya, including the well‐known case of mobile money but also the emerging use of smartphone apps, payment tills, digital credit services, and digital fund‐raising computer programs. Development professionals have explicitly feminist goals in bringing digital finance to women in the Global South. In several recent reports, they outline the belief that gender norms are a barrier to women's use of finance. They hope digital finance will bring women agency and control over money and consequently shift restrictive gender norms. This article offers a critique of these assumptions based on ethnographic conversations, a diary exercise, and network self‐portraiture conducted in Kenya in 2016 among both rural farmers and urbanites. Adopting a distributed agency perspective, the ethnographic study demonstrates that Kenyan women and men use digital finance not to seek individual control of their money but to produce themselves as connected and trustworthy members of financial groups and collectivities. Gender norms may not hinder women from finance but rather enhance and deepen women's and men's financial relationships and bring women success in amassing funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse reasons and effects of running up debts by local government units in shadow banking system and competences of supervision and control central organs in order to counteract such a debt. The main method to discuss the chosen topic is descriptive method. The article focus mainly on identification of existing in practice, reasons and effects of running up debts by local government units in shadow banking system and competences of regional accounting chambers, Supreme Audit Office, Prime Minister, voivodship governors, Parliament to counteract running up such a debt. In the article were formulated some recommendations in the field of changing law regulations as: introduction of prohibition for local government units to take a loan in shadow banking system; increasing competencies, especially of regional account­ing chambers, in order to prevent local government units from excessive debt and to announce bankruptcy of highly indebted local government unit.

A common message on high income position of the commune triggers higher expectations of the local community in the scope of expenses with the lack of a full picture of the financial situation of the commune at the same time. Providing the assessment of the commune’s wealth requires a thorough analysis of own income structure and including all investment and indebtedness ratios. The juxtaposition of all measurement means presented defines the issue of “wealth” in a more realistic perspective. The research results presented confirm that the communes with high level of own income do not always deserve being called „the richest ones”.

Copyright of Recherches en Sciences de Gestion is the property of ISEOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although the economies of Mediterranean countries were very negatively affected by the global and financial crisis, little attention has been devoted to their sector-specific performance, especially tourism. Tourism is a key sector in these countries, so the consequences of the crisis should be explored and tools to improve the sector's performance provided. This paper therefore focuses on the influence of the indebtedness process on tourism sector performance in selected Mediterranean countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Montenegro, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia and Spain). Using data from firms' financial statements for 2006-2010, the tourism sector is compared to all non-tourism sector with a focus on the indebtedness process and the functioning of the financial accelerator as the key obstacle to future performance. Furthermore, the paper investigates investments in core activities and financial assets as the main drivers of debt accumulation in the boom and bust periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The study and the measuring of fi- nancial risks is very important, especially for SMB's, which are more sensible to the market's uncertainties. This is especially true if we keep in mind that the models currently being used are, mainly, applicable in companies that participate in the stock market. Objective. Make an integral analysis of financial risks, based on liquidity, debts and accounts payable management risks for SMB's. Materials and methods. A study case was developed in a not-random sample selected from the Colombian Superintendencia de Sociedades' database. The indicators were calculated and the liquidity, debts and accounts payable risks were determined in order to know the situation for every company and sector. Then, based on the results of those ratios, the risks were established under a probabilistic model and expressed in terms of a "dummy" or a dichotomous variable, to validate, by means of a logit regression, the consistency of the model and the rejection or the acceptance of the null hypothesis. Results. From the 100 companies approached, 84 had financial risks. The sub-sector with the highest affectation (89 %) was that of construction projects' adequacy and the most frequent risk was individual indebtedness. Conclusion. The results of the logit model's omnibus test allowed the rejection of the null hypothesis, where the SMB'S from Manizales are less than 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous researchers have tried to understand in what situations people feel gratitude and indebtedness in response to other people helping them, and have found that benefit value, helper effort, helper obligation, and helper intention were all important. However, helper intentions are not always clear. We gave Chinese participants helping vignettes and tested how they inferred helpers’ ambiguous intentions. Study 1 found that helper effort significantly influenced how they infer intentions, but benefit value and helper obligation did not. Study 2 replicated the effect of helper effort and found that more effort led participants to infer that the helper was more motivated by utilitarian interests. Study 3 focused on what type of relationship the helper had with the participants, and found that closeness led participants to infer more benevolent intentions and less utilitarian intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multinational Spanish hotel chains currently are undergoing a process of internationalization. This process demands a new approach to their financial strategies and thus will modify, or already has modified, their traditional financial structures. The authors define companies' financial structure on the basis of a wide set of financial ratios grouped by factorial analysis. The data retrieved highlight commonalities among liquidity ratios, structure, size, growth and profitability. The authors identify clusters among companies presenting consolidated financial information and find that the financial structures of the leading companies have some influence within the hotel sector, particularly with regard to internationalized businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]