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Information technology is a technology used to process data, including processing, obtaining, compiling, storing, manipulating data in various ways to produce relevant, accurate and timely information, which is used for personal, business and government purposes and is strategic information for decision making, in recording fixed assets for example, must be managed properly because the need for the data is frequent intensity, the number of items is not small so it is impossible to memorize, the calculation of depreciation of fixed assets of a company needs to be done at the end of every year because it will affect the book value and depreciation expense on the balance sheet and depreciation expense on fixed assets on the income statement. This depreciation calculation can also be used as a reference in the allocation to purchase new assets if the existing fixed assets can no longer be used. Obstacles in preparing depreciation reports if not resolved immediately will have a bad impact on schools, for example being late in submitting annual tax reports due to the long preparation of depreciation reports will result in schools being fined for being late in reporting the annual corporate tax return. With the accounting information system for depreciation of fixed assets, it is expected that it will facilitate officers in managing fixed asset data and depreciation reports. The new system that will be designed is web-based, so that it can be accessed at any time by interested parties and makes coordination time more effective.

From a microeconomic perspective, if we refer to a company as an economic agent, its organizational resilience/flexibility, in the unprecedented global economic context generated by COVID-19, is in the limelight, given that a resilient company would design and implement effective actions in order to increase the probability of its own survival. Assuming that a company's assets are those means by which a company can secure an income for a period of several years, since they are economic resources that can generate economic benefits in the future for the company that owns them, we have considered it appropriate to analyse the return on assets at the level of the companies in the HORECA sector. The comprehensive research undertaken is an empirical study in which we have analysed all the companies in the HORECA sector on the territory of Constanta County, located in the coastal area of the Black Sea, for a period of 3 years, 2018-2020, a period which includes the year of the onset of the SARS-COVID-19 pandemic. The selected economic and financial indicators have been fixed assets, current assets, prepaid expenses and net profit, with the help of which we have calculated and analysed the return on total assets. Of the many subgroups of the HORECA sector, the "Other Food Services" subgroup, which had the highest return on assets (ROA), proved to be the most flexible and creative subgroup. Catering specialists, exploiting the context generated by the closing of hotels and restaurants, have modified their business so as to amplify the intrinsic value of their products and to become a psychological and social connection for their consumers.

After decades of fast growth, the Chinese housing market has become twice as large as the US housing market. In this paper, we examine the effect of the housing boom on the capital structure of Chinese public-listed firms. We find a reverse U-shape relationship between the growing real estate prices and firm leverage. At a lower level of price growth, firms tend to increase leverage to exploit the appreciation of pledgeable assets from the boom. When the price growth reaches to a certain high level, the housing boom creates a positive wealth shock effect on shareholders that reduces the use of debt for their tunneling activities, given that shareholder tunneling is very predominant in China. The wealth shock effect is more dominant when the shareholders’ tunneling activities are more vigorous. Moreover, the reserve U-shape relation is more pronounced for firms with more powerful controlling shareholders, and for firms with high level of fixed assets or in the manufacturing industry. The results are still robust after we address the endogeneity issue that both housing price and firm leverage could be affected by a common factor.

This paper examines how wage payments and fixed asset investments are determined, and their interrelationship, under China’s imperfect financial and labor markets. We collect aggregate data on wages, the financial market, and fixed asset investments from several statistical yearbooks. The main results are: (1) although greater financial market maturity has led to rising wage levels for state-owned enterprises, this phenomenon is not observed in the nonstate sector; (2) in the private sector, there is a strong reliance on internal reserves that is not observed in the state-owned sector, suggesting that the private sector is treated differently in the financial market; and (3) in the state-owned sector, wage growth has a positive correlation with fixed assets, whereas in the nonstate-owned sector this relationship is not observed. This implies that in the nonstate-owned sector, the underpayment of wages may be used as a survival strategy to conduct business under financial constraints.

The article is devoted to the issues of accounting of fixed assets in organizations, whose securities are circulated by the organizers of trade on the securities market. These organizations include public joint stock companies, which are subject to mandatory audit. In the auditor's reports issued to such organizations, in accordance with the requirements of ISA 701 "Key Audit Matters", key audit matters should be disclosed. Very often, auditors choose such key issues as "fixed assets" and "capital investments", especially on the eve of the entry into force from January 1, 2022 of the new accounting standards - FSBU 6/2020 "Fixed assets" and FSBU 26 / 2020 "Capital investments". The article discusses the features of accounting for fixed assets and capital investments, due to which auditors assess the risk of misstatement of accounting (financial) statements as increasing and conduct audit procedures to identify such prerequisites for the formation of statements as the valuation of fixed assets and rights to them belonging to the reporting organization.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and systemic crisis phenomena in the economy of many countries, limited financial and logistical resources in most agri-food enterprises, financial leasing is one of the innovative procedures aimed at upgrading fixed assets of economic entities by obtaining the latest equipment without a significant expenditure of funds for a one-time payment of its full value. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to form a procedure for optimizing management decisions on the selection of cost-effective partners in the field of financial leasing to increase the level of profitability of the enterprise. The article, based on direct methods of decision-making theory, adapts three decisive conditions for determining the economic feasibility of relationships with counterparties in the field of financial leasing. As a result of the research, the procedure of rating the economic utility of financial and economic relations of the agri-food enterprise-lessor with partners by synthesizing, normalizing and comparing the main parameters that characterize the specifics of leasing relations with each potential counterparty-lessee of a particular agri-food enterprise-lessor.

This study aims to determine the effect of leverage, liquidity, fixed asset intensity, and size of the company against the decision to revaluate fixed assets. The research was conducted at a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012 until 2016 as many as 550 units of analysis and the sample is collected by using purposive sampling technique which the samples were chosen selectively. By using logistic regression, the result of this research is fixed asset intensity and firm size have positive effect to revaluation decision. Liquidity and leverage have no effect on the decision to revalue fixed assets. The conclusions of this study are companies that have high fixed assets and companies with a large percentage of sales are more likely to revalue fixed assets.

For companies, taxes are costs that reduce profits. The company wants to pay the minimum tax so that the profit earned by the company does not decrease, while from the government side, tax collection is used to finance the implementation of state development. This difference also causes taxpayers to tend to avoid taxes to reduce their tax burden, so that state revenue from the tax sector is still not maximized. This study aims to determine the factors that affect tax avoidance with company size as a control variable. This study uses a sample of trading, service and investment companies in the wholesale and retail trade sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2018. The sampling method used in this study was purposive sampling method, where according to the established criteria, 22 companies were obtained and the data used were secondary data. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) v.20.0 program. The results show that Leverage, Sales Growth and Company Size have a positive effect on tax avoidance, while liquidity and fixed asset intensity have no effect on tax avoidance, thus company size can control Leverage and Sales Growth to influence tax avoidance.

Purpose: The article aims to analyze relations between the direction of production of agricultural enterprises in the European Union and the level of investment in the years 2005-2018. As the research hypothesis assumed, the directions of agricultural enterprises' production in the European Union influence their level of investment. The additional aim is to draw attention to the most critical issues reflecting the significance of finances in investment decisions of agricultural enterprises. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study covers all the European Union member countries. The one-factor analysis of variance ANOVA was used to achieve the research objective. Findings: The studies prove that agricultural enterprises' directions in the European Union substantially diversify their values of the investment level. The most significant differences in the investment level were observed between the agricultural enterprises specializing in granivores and milk and the plant production agricultural enterprises. Practical Implications: The investment activities of agricultural enterprises result from their market activity and modernization of their assets. Decisions made by enterprises depend on their financial resources and have a significant impact on their development opportunities. The growth of owned fixed assets or the improvement of their quality may substantially contribute to the increase of the production potential of agricultural enterprises involved in plant production and animal production. Originality/Value: The existing literature does not present a detailed differentiation of the level of investment in individual types of farms, in line with the FADN methodology., peer-reviewed

The aim of this study was to find out the effect of liquidity, business risk, and asset structure to capital structure in consumer goods industry manufacturing companies listed on the Bursa Efek Indonesia for the period 2015-2019. The ratio used to measure the liquidity variable is the current ratio, the business risk variable is measured by BRISK, and the asset structure variable is measured by the fixed asset ratio. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling method. This research was conducted with 19 samples of companies in the consumer goods industry sector. The results show that the liquidity variable has a significant effect on the capital structure of manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the BEI for the period 2015-2019, meanwhile, the business risk and asset structure variables have no significant effect on the capital structure of manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry listed on the BEI for the period 2015-2019

Hajj fund must be managed effectively with a diligent approach of standard risk management. This study examines the level of risk management The Hajj Fund Management Agency (BPKH) performs in optimizing its investments: fund and fixed asset portfolios. The measurement data was initially and purposively retrieved. It was later run and processed through linear programming for further analyses. The results indicate that Sharia banking deposits and gold are riskless assets. As far as other asset portfolios, investments are placed strictly based on direct and indirect participation according to the government's regulations to avoid the pressures of market volatility. This study serves as a reference for regulators in formulating appropriate strategic asset allocation to applied related optimized management of hajj fund investment.JEL Classification: C44, C51, C58, C61, D81, E22, E47How to Cite:Witjaksono, B., & Hamzah. (2021). Optimum Strategic of Asset Allocation for Indonesian Hajj Fund. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 10(2), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v10i2.20020.

The article considers the features of the assessment of material and production stocks extracted from retired items of fixed assets, which, in accordance with FSB 5/2019, which entered into force on January 1, 2021, and PBU 16/02, updated in 2019, are evaluated in different ways, depending on the purpose — to use them in the reporting organization or to sell them to the side. The article presents examples of the assessment and accounting of the material values extracted from the objects of fixed assets, depending on the ratio and value of the residual value of the disposed objects of fixed assets, the cost of dismantling the object of fixed assets, the cost of preparing the extracted material values for sale and evaluating them at the net sale value.

PURPOSE: The main purpose of the article was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial situation of micro and small enterprises in the construction and development industry in Poland., DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The research was conducted in February 2021 by means of a survey on a group of 100 randomly selected, representative samples of micro and small entrepreneurs from the construction and development industry in Poland. The survey questionnaire was developed in the form of 15 record and substantive single or multiple choice questions. Another method that was used for the research was the review and analysis of bibliographic resources., FINDINGS: The conducted research shows that as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the economic and financial situation of micro and small enterprises in Poland has deteriorated. However, this was not only due to a reduction in demand. A large part of the problems resulted from the disruption of material logistics chains, which contributed to problems with access to professional equipment (fixed assets) and financial chains, which was reflected in the growing concerns of entrepreneurs about the timely inflow of receivables from recipients., PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The pandemic, affecting almost all economic entities, destabilizes their functioning and raises concerns about the future. Support in a more difficult situation granted to entrepreneurs by the government may significantly burden the state budget, and the resignation from investments may hinder economic growth. A significant drop in demand for construction services and concerns about an increase in the prices of materials and wages and salaries may lead to a price fight between entities. Due to the difficulty in predicting the long-term effects of the pandemic, it seems necessary to apply for economic protection outside traditional crisis management systems., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: With the use of an original, authors' survey conducted on a representative research sample, current issues were raised, concerning not only Poland, but also the whole world., peer-reviewed

In this article, we aim to present accounting and fiscal aspects regarding valuation allowances for tangible fixed assets and intangible assets, for inventories and receivables. All accounting principles must be followed in order to present a true and fair image of the financial statements. Valuation allowances play an important part in outlining the impairment losses incurred by assets, regardless if they are deductible or not.

PurposeThe main aim of the study is to identify some critical microeconomic determinants of financial distress and to design a parsimonious distress prediction model for an emerging economy like India. In doing so, the authors also attempt to compare the forecasting accuracy of alternative distress prediction techniques.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors use two alternatives accounting information-based definitions of financial distress to construct a measure of financial distress. The authors then use the binomial logit model and two other popular machine learning–based models, namely artificial neural network and support vector machine, to compare the distress prediction accuracy rate of these alternative techniques for the Indian corporate sector.FindingsThe study’s empirical results suggest that five financial ratios, namely return on capital employed, cash flows to total liability, asset turnover ratio, fixed assets to total assets, debt to equity ratio and a measure of firm size (log total assets), play a highly significant role in distress prediction. The study’s findings suggest that machine learning-based models, namely support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN), are superior in terms of their prediction accuracy compared to the simple binomial logit model. Results also suggest that one-year-ahead forecasts are relatively better than the two-year-ahead forecasts.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study have some important practical implications for creditors, policymakers, regulators and other stakeholders. First, rather than monitoring and collecting information on a list of predictor variables, only six most important accounting ratios may be monitored to track the transition of a healthy firm into financial distress. Second, our six-factor model can be used to devise a sound early warning system for corporate financial distress. Three, machine learning–based distress prediction models have prediction accuracy superiority over the commonly used time series model in the available literature for distress prediction involving a binary dependent variable.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first comprehensive attempts to investigate and design a parsimonious distress prediction model for the emerging Indian economy which is currently facing high levels of corporate financial distress. Unlike the previous studies, the authors use two different accounting information-based measures of financial distress in order to identify an effective way of measuring financial distress. Some of the determinants of financial distress identified in this study are different from the popular distress prediction models used in the literature. Our distress prediction model can be useful for the other emerging markets for distress prediction.

Property, plant and equipment is present in any entity, regardless if it is a private or a state entity, their main objective being to provide benefits to the company. The right classification, depending on the company’s line of business and the purpose for their use, is very important because it determines the applicable accounting treatment. The efficiency regarding the way these assets are recognized brings excess value to the entity, with a direct impact on the financial statements. The accountant’s professional judgement used in choosing the accounting policies in order to ensure that those are the most relevant and that the accounting for is correct involves exigency and rigorous research, for a correct final result and a transparent image of the firm. Alternation of the accounting policies, as well as the alternation of the input values of property, plant and equipment can significantly influence the values recorded in the financial statements, as well as the financial position and performance. The aim of this article is to highlight the main aspects related to the recognition and evaluation of property, plant and equipment according to the moment they enter in the entity. Therefore, at the end of this research we will know the applicable accounting treatments as well as the main differences between the IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment and the Order of the Minister of Public Finance No. 1802/2014 for the approval of the Accounting regulations regarding the individual annual financial statements and consolidated annual financial statements, as subsequently amended and supplemented.

In the era of national transformation and regional autonomy, there have been many breakthroughs in the management of land fixed assets, but many financial problems and land assets have not been implemented optimally, effectively and efficiently in their management. This study was used to analyze the effect of asset management on the optimization of fixed land assets in Malang Regency Government. The independent variables used in this study were asset inventory, asset use, asset security, and maintenance, while the dependent variable used asset utilization and asset optimization with a sample of 62 respondents. This type of research is quantitative using multiple regression analysis and path analysis method. The results showed that there was an indirect effect of asset inventory, asset use, and asset security and maintenance on asset optimization through asset utilization where security and asset maintenance had a significant and positive effect, while asset inventory and asset use had no effect on asset optimization. The direct effect of asset inventory, asset use, asset security, and maintenance on asset optimization shows that asset inventory and asset security have a significant and positive effect on asset optimization, while asset use has no effect on asset optimization. In addition, asset utilization has a significant and positive effect on asset optimization.

Valuating property, plant and equipment after recognition with the purpose of preparing the annual financial statements is an extremely important step in presenting a true and fair view of the entity. Thus, the companies must take into account the main valuation methods used and develop appropriate accounting policies and procedures to ensure that the users of financial and accounting information are properly informed and understand every change that occurs. The book value, respectively the carrying amount, of property, plant and equipment is represented abiding by the prudence concept, according to which every impairment or change from the determined value shall be taken into account. The efficiency with which these assets are valuated brings surplus value to the entity and has a direct impact on the financial statements.The main objective of this article is to present the methods of valuation used to valuate property, plant and equipment. This way, at the end of the research the main applicable accounting treatments and the differences between IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment and Order of the Minister of Public Finance No. 1802/2014 for the approval of the Accounting regulations regarding the individual annual financial statements and consolidated annual financial statements, as subsequently amended and supplemented, will be understood.

The article analyses balance between the capital and labor market in the CIS countries rich in hydrocarbon resources – Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia. For this purpose, the impact of capital (fixed assets) and labor (employed population) on the production volume (on GDP) was estimated based on the relevant statistical data from these countries using production function analysis. The parameters of CES production function were determined in the Mathcad system by the nonlinear least-squares method. The subject of the research has enhanced relevance due to the lack of extensive research of the problem posed in the oil and gas-rich countries of the CIS, and the research evaluates the balance between capital and labor markets for the first time in resource-abundant countries. From the results, it can be seen that for each of these three countries the distribution coefficient for capital is significantly higher than that for the labor factor. This means that there is an excess of capital that cannot be started. This is typical for the countries rich in natural resources. The main reason for this process is the complex structure of increasing capital with oil revenues and low level of specialization of the existing labor force to launch this capital. Moreover, according to the results obtained from the CES production function, the substitute elasticity coefficient in oil-rich countries of the CIS is less than one. The study summarizes the current problem as an imbalance between the capital (fixed assets created using modern technology) and the labor market (labor to leverage key assets using potential opportunities). Based on the analysis, the results obtained from modeling is formulated and scientifically grounded recommendations have been provided for the improvement of education and its quality in these three countries, especially in Russia and Azerbaijan.

Subject. The article focuses on the efficacy of governmental programs for implementing the power capacity supply, which is a long-term contract obliging the company to build new generating capacities within an agreed period of time, while the consumer must pay for the power capacity within the term of the contract at higher power capacity tariffs. Objectives. The study reviews the outcome of the program for the renewal of generating capacity under the power capacity supply contract and evaluates the 2019 program for retrofitting of generating fixed assets. Methods. The methodological framework relies upon the comparative analysis of generating capacity renewal programs held in Russia under power capacity supply contracts with reference to the balance of demand and supply. Results. The article presents the outcome of the 2010 program for the renewal of generating capacities in Russia and gives the comparative description of two programs for the renewal of the Russian generating capacities. We also predict the efficiency of the 2019 program for the renewal of the Russian generating capacity. Conclusions and Relevance. The above programs helped implement the new effective equipment, reduce the specific consumption of fuel oil equivalent at power plants. However, as the site to be renewed was chosen inappropriately, some regions of the Russian Federation saw the surplus power capacity. The 2019 program accommodates for stringent requirements for the selection of facilities. Having analyzed growth rates of power capacity and demand by power grids, we conclude that the power capacity factor will drop at power plants until 2025, thus putting the cost effectiveness of the above programs at question.

The study discusses underlying factors of labor productivity in firms of basic non-resource industries of the Russian economy and considers the role of innovation and investment activity, human capital development, competitive environment and government support. The data is based on the results of a survey of managers of 713 companies in basic non-resource industries (manufacturing, agriculture, transport, construction). We find high level of divergence of firm productivity at the industry level. We show that higherlevelof productivity is accompanied with investments in human capital, in fixed assets, as well as the use of digital technologies, but we do not find that higher productivity is accompanied by innovations and expenditures on research and development. We show that productivitygrowthis combined not only with investment, but also with innovative activity (process innovations) and R&D expenditures. The driver of productivity growth is the private sector: the increase in productivity is driven by firms serving the demand of private medium and large companies. Competitive environment is another factor: moderate competition with import (which acts as a stimulus for innovations of Russian companies) is a condition for the productivity growth.

This paper aims to examine solvency and fixed assets financing of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing sector (Sector A) in the Republic of Serbia. We also examine whether there is a difference between this Sector’s enterprises and entrepreneurs regarding these two aspects of their financial position. The research is based on the Financial Statements Annual Bulletins available on the official website of the Serbian Business Registers Agency. The period of six consecutive years is covered (2013-2018). Solvency and fixed assets financing were analyzed separately for Sector A enterprises and entrepreneurs. Standard ratio indicators were used to determine these relevant aspects of financial position. The conducted analysis showed differences between this Sector’s enterprises and entrepreneurs regarding the solvency. The research results revealed that, despite a slight improvement in certain solvency indicators, entrepreneurs were insolvent during the observed period. The fixed assets financing indicators showed that the lack of equity for new investments financing was compensated mainly by long-term borrowing at enterprises’ level and by short-term borrowed sources at entrepreneurs’ level.

The new accounting requirements for property, plant and equipment are undoubtedly relevant for Russian organizations. In previous articles, we analyzed the rules for the initial and subsequent measurement of property, plant and equipment provided for by the new Federal Accounting Standards (FAS) for non-public sector organizations (including healthcare organizations). This article examines the requirements for depreciation of the property, plant and equipment, established by FAS 6/2020 “Property, plant and equipment” and put into effect for mandatory application already from January 1 of the next year. Research methods included such methods as grouping method, comparison, analogy method, analysis and synthesis, systemic and logical approaches. As a result of the research carried out, the article identifies the most important innovations of this FAS in relation to the depreciation of property, plant and equipment of non-public sector organizations, including healthcare organizations in this sector, identifies problematic issues in the above area and substantiates proposals for their solution.

The intensification of investment dynamics is a determining factor in the new growth model of the Russian economy. The Covid crisis has greatly limited the opportunities to use this factor and made restoring growth dynamics an urgent task. The aim of the study is to determine the investment function of the Russian economy before the Covid crisis in order to identify the main instruments of the investment policy of growth in the post-crisis period. The research methods are macroeconomic and regression analysis based on software Gretl 2020b, which helped to choose the investment function according to the instrument-factors. Solving the problem of collinearity of multiple regression factors makes it possible to select the best models for GDP and investment in fixed assets of the Russian economy. The research result is selected multivariate models of gross product and investment that allow considering the impact of the following instruments on the goal’s function: monetization level, key interest rate, exchange rate, risk, profitability, oil prices, financial investments, inflation. The author concludes that an increase in the monetization of the economy, a decrease in the key interest rate, and a controlled devaluation generally had a positive effect on the amount of investment in fixed assets. The investment growth increased the risk of economic activity; the decrease in profitability relatively decreased investment and increased Russia’s GDP with an increased risk over the considered time interval. When implementing investment policy, one should consider these features along with the specified macro-aggregates, the structure of investment distribution between sectors and types of investments, for example, in financial and non-financial assets. The paper shows the significance of this condition, which affects the effectiveness of the investment policy, when the shift in investment towards financial assets accompanies the slowdown in economic growth. The prospect of further research is an assessment of the equalization of sectoral risks affecting the distribution of investments and investment dynamics.

Banking sector mediation is related to efficiency in economic performance. As a financial institution, banks need to maintain their performance in order to operate optimally, one factor that must be considered is efficiency in performance. This research aimed to analyze the efficiency of Islamic Banks and Conventional Commercial Bank in Indonesia. Using a purposive sample technique for two Islamic banks and two commercial banks. Fixed assets, deposits, and other operating expenses as input variablesused, while credit as output variable. Using Data Envelopment Analysis to calculate the efficiency of banking. The results show that all Sharia Commercial Bank samples reached efficiency level 1 was efficient. Besides, the sample of conventional commercial banks used in this study is not all efficient. This is due to one of the sample banks having an efficiency level below one, which is 0.644. It means that conventional bank groups are inefficient.

The relationship between the financial potential of PPP sectors and financial policy has been identified, which testifies to the dependence of the overall development of public-private partnership on strategic decisions at the state level. An analysis of causal relationships with the use of the canonical correlation method has been carried out to determine the relationship between the financial potential of PPP sectors and the power of interaction with public finance policy. This allows not only to assess the prospects of the development of events in the event of a change in one of the indicators in a specific public-private partnership sector, but also in the presence of relevant mathematical and statistical models to obtain an estimate of the magnitude of secondary changes. In turn, government financial policy measures should be tailored to the current state of financial potential of public-private partnership. It is revealed that the financial potential of PPP sectors has a high degree of interaction with financial policy, which is confirmed by the adequacy of the system of canonical correlation equations. Ranking the indicators of the financial potential of the PPP and determining their factor load allowed formulating targets. Target indicators of public-private partnership financial potential are selected based on the sectors that are the basis for adjusting the state's financial policy in order to increase the financial potential of the public-private partnership: in the public sector - indicators of budget expenditures and the degree of subsidized equalization of regions by the state; by the private sector - indicators of the volume of return of financial resources spent on fixed assets and profitability of business entities; in the financial and credit sector, is an indicator of lending to non-financial corporations.

The method of asset management in connection with the development of the economic accounting system of financial and economic activity: accounting practices, practices, representation and compilation of accounting (financial) accounts of companies is described. This development is related to the use of international financial reporting standards, which are integrated into domestic practice. The aim of the study is to organize the effectiveness of fixed assets revaluation as an asset management method. To achieve the goal, the objectives are: to investigate the effectiveness of revaluation and impairment in the management of major funds; systematizing the overall stages of the method of assessing the value of fixed assets in revaluation and impairment; exploring opportunities to expand approaches to analyzing changes in balance sheet performance, financial performance reporting and financial performance in the asset management system. The object of the study is the cost of fixed assets. The authors have examined the method of revaluation and impairment, selected approaches to the study of the effectiveness of revaluation for the purpose of strategic and tactical asset management. The authors conclude that a comprehensive approach to asset management is needed when reevaluating the value of fixed assets. A comprehensive approach should be based on the development of revaluation and impairment techniques to analyze the effectiveness of the financial and economic system and balance sheet control and the financial performance report in strategic and tactical asset management

The rapid introduction of software products and other objects of intellectual property rights in the context of the fourth industrial revolution requires the improvement of methodical approaches to identifying the costs of their acquisition and creation. Such approaches will allow unambiguously determining the corresponding costs in the accounting system and reflecting them in the financial statements. The purpose of the article is to disclose the essence and identification of criteria for the recognition of intellectual property objects in the accounting system, taking into account the specifics of the use of information and communication technologies. Based on the analysis of domestic regulatory and methodical documents regulating the accounting for intangible assets, and international accounting standards, a number of inconsistent points have been identified on identifying the costs of acquiring and creating intellectual property objects and the conditions for their inclusion in current expenses or the initial cost of fixed assets. For the purpose of justified identification of these costs as an accounting object, the criteria for recognizing costs for the acquisition and creation of intellectual property objects have been systematized using the example of software products. The approach proposed by the author will contribute to the reasonable formation of the corresponding costs and their reflection in the accounting and reporting of the enterprise. Based on this, it will be possible to determine the objective financial results of the enterprise and evaluate its value. It was also proposed to apply a unified approach to determining the value of an object of intellectual property rights as an object of accounting and an investment object. This will allow introducing a unified monitoring system for long-term expenses in the accounting of the enterprise.

The aim of the study is to highlight an area of regulation of district heat suppliers that needs to be addressed in order to achieve sustainable, long-term, and safe operation. Fixed assets make up the largest proportion of the asset structure of companies carrying out district heating supply activities. In order to ensure sustainable, long-term, and safe operation it is important to replace these assets on a regular basis. According to my calculations though, in the period of the study the investment activity in the sector, considering the average age of the assets used in the district heating supply, was not satisfactory. The current regulatory and support system does not encourage replacement, improvements and modernization.

Este artículo describe una propuesta metodológica para generar una recuperación de los recursos que invierten las empresas en equipos (planta y equipo médicos) para mejorar su productividad. Con el tiempo, estos activos fijos se deprecian y dejan de utilizarse, quedando categorizados como improductivos. Por tal razón, se propone una estrategia de salida de estos activos fijos improductivos que involucre a los colaboradores de la empresa en la adquisición de estos. Además, se presenta una validación de este propuesto mediante un instrumento de tipo encuesta aplicado al personal de una empresa del sector asistencial en Colombia. El análisis muestra que con el modelo de gestión de activos fijos propuesto se recuperaría una fracción de la inversión económica que la empresa ha realizado en la compra de estos equipos, pero se incrementaría el sentido de pertenencia de los colaboradores de la organización.

The article considers trends and problems of renewal of fixed assets in agriculture, starting in 2010. The problems of updating the least liquid part of fixed assets - buildings, structures, machines, equipment, vehicles are highlighted. Comparative statistics are given on the amounts of state support for fixed and working capital in agriculture on the example of the Udmurt Republic. It was revealed that the rate of renewal of fixed assets is quite long - about 10 years. The role of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 2018 on the procedure for subsidizing the costs incurred for the creation and modernization of production capacities of agro-industrial facilities due to other inter-budget transfers was disclosed. Statistical reporting on form No. 11-AIC for 2018-2019 in the republic on the state of production capacities of AIC facilities was analyzed. The structure of the existing agro-industrial complex facilities in the republic was revealed, their total initial cost, depreciation, the amounts of fixed assets introduced were determined, depreciation and update factors of fixed assets were calculated. The report on receiving subsidies for reimbursement of part of the incurred costs in the republic is presented, the reasons for lack of funding are revealed. It was concluded that it is necessary to establish regular statistical reporting on form No. 11-AIC for all Russian users, to submit an application to the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia for this type of subsidies.

PurposeThe present study aims to investigate the impact of working capital management (WCM) practices on the investment and financing patterns of listed nonfinancial companies in Pakistan for a span of 10 years.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on secondary financial data of 354 listed nonfinancial Pakistani firms during the period of 2005–2014. The two-step generalized method of moment (GMM) regression estimation technique is employed to ensure the robustness of results.FindingsEmpirical testing reveals that: excessive funds tied up in working capital have a negative impact on the investment portfolio of sample firms. Besides, a negative relationship between change in fixed assets and excess net working capital posits that, eventually, firms use idle resources tied up in short-lived assets to boost their investment activities. Furthermore, larger working capital levels were associated with higher leverage ratio which indicates that firms with inefficient WCM policies have to rely heavily on long-term debt to meet their short-term financing requirements. Additional results indicate that firms that take more time to sell inventory and convert receivables to cash, make more use of debt. Results of cash management models illustrate that cash-rich firms have lower leverage levels which signal the strong financial health and internal revenue generation capability of such firms.Originality/valueThere is a dearth of empirical studies that examine the implications of WCM decisions on a firm's capital structure. Besides, these studies are only confined to how a WCM policy influences the long-term investment activities of a firm. The research contributes to the extant literature by empirically revealing a link between the WCM practices and the firm's long-range investment and financing patterns. Hence, financial managers shall account for the impact of their short-term financial management decisions on the capital structure of the firm.

The concept of management the technical condition of fixed assets of the elevators facilities are considered. This concept summarizes the technical and economic measures for reliability and provides the ability to make decisions for improve the level of efficiency at all stages of their life cycle. According to the normative values of separate elements technical resources of fixed assets allocate separate groups which are subject to replacement in 10, 15 and 20 years. This allows to systematize the periodicity of technical impacts and optimize decisions on the further use of elevators facilities fixed assets before reaching the normative 25 years. That is to solve questions of expediency further use: repairing with prolongation of operation period, full modernization, renewal or utilization. The target function are considered in the article. This target function include costs of maintenance and scheduled and unscheduled repairs. According to the target function, the total cost of maintenance and repair of elevator fixed assets should be within the established minimum-expediency costs while ensuring the appropriate quality and available or practically possible resources. The decision of questions of renewal, prolongation of operation period by repairs or modernization of fixed assets conducted with account available volumes of financing, a level of a technical condition and service life. Modernization of elevator facilities fixed assets is the perspective way to bring the elevator’s industry from the crisis. During modernization of elevators the costs are reduced by 25-30% as opposed to replacement a new elevator. The economic, social and technical factors, wich needed for modernization the elevator facilities fixed assets are systematized. Deciding on the need to modernization the elevator fixed assets in the work is recommended to take into account two criterias of expediency. The first criteria of expediency of modernization is determined by the purpose of improvement quality rendering of services at the initiative of owners of elevators, consumers of services, etc. The second criteria of economic feasibility of modernization shows the difference in the cost of providing services to home tenats of basic and modernized fixed assets. The calculations shown that during the modernization of the base elevator, unlike the buying of a new one, it is possible to achieve in the cities of Ukraine an annual economic effect of more than 200 thousand UAH.

— PSAK No. 16/2015 states that the fixed assets owned by an entity will initially be recognized according to their acquisition costs and will be depreciated annually. Fixed assets which have been recognized will be measured by two methods, namely the cost method and revaluation method. Revaluation method is carried out with the aim to present the true value of fixed assets. Revaluation method is done by finding the difference in value of fixed assets before and after revaluation. This research was carried out by recognizing, measuring, and presenting revalued fixed assets. Fixed assets that are recognized are land and building groups, machinery, motor vehicles, office equipment and will be depreciated using the straight-line method and declining balance. The results of this study are an increase in the value of the fixed assets of PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Magetan 63300 Post Office, worth Rp20,158,558.00. The addition of this fixed asset value is called a revaluation surplus or revaluation profit of assets that will be presented in other comprehensive income in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. Keywords—: Fixed Assets; Depreciation; Cost Method; Revaluation Method.

Indonesia has a company whose value has reached more than ten billion US dollars. One of the companies that achieved this valuation was Go Jek. In this rupiah is worth more than one hundred and fifty trillion rupiah. Judging from the fixed assets then Go Jek does not have a car fleet or a motorcycle fleet. While Astra International which is a manufacturer and distributor of car and has subsidiaries engaged in oil valued in total assets has three hundred and fifty trillion rupiah. This huge valuation causes if Go Jek chooses to offer the first major stock in Indonesia at ten percent of its equity then its value is about fifteen trillion rupiah. This is an amount that will be difficult to absorb by the Indonesian market. With such a prospect, Go Jek may never float on Bursa Indonesia. This means that Indonesian investors lose the opportunity to obtain returns from shareholding Go Jack is the work of children abroad. This study examines the valuation method developed by Navado Lopez to be used to assess intangible assets, especially in technology-intensive companies. The Navado Lopez method was chosen because of its relatively simple and straightforward use in generating a value. This study attempts to investigate whether the Navado Lopez method can be applied in the Indonesian context. The hope is that with the method of valuation of intangible assets that can be understood by investors, investors will not hesitate if there is a start-up company (Start Up) that wants to issue prime shares in the Indonesian Stock Exchange.

Tax planning is a way to exploit a tax law gap to minimize tax expense legally, one of the ways is choosing the right method for depreciation fixed assets. This study aimed to discover tax planning in depreciation fixed assets by comparing the straight-line method and declining-balance method, the impact of profit before tax and the amount of income tax expense paid by PT XYZ. This study conducted using a qualitative approach method. The type of data used quantitative and qualitative data. The study's results showed that selecting a straight-line method has a significant impact on pressing Taxable Income and Institution Income Tax.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic affected the financial situation of debtors, both individuals and legal entities, as they sought to find the best solutions for the recovery and functioning of their business. This paper aims to analyse the decision to finance an economic entity during the COVID-19 pandemic, generated by the need to acquire a tangible fixed asset necessary to carry out the core business. For this purpose, a series of financial and accounting aspects regarding the financing alternatives are highlighted using the following research tools: the observation method, the descriptive method, the case study method.

The article presents a historical overview of one of the most important groups of fixed assets of the Main Production Office for Oil Transportation and Supply (Glavtransneft) – tanks. The main tendencies of tank construction development in the USSR and the USA in 1970–1990 are presented. The analysis of technical indicators and parameters of tank designs in our country and abroad was performed. The issues of ensuring reliable and safe operation of tanks of different types, as well as the directions of technological change in the field of long-term growth of the tank farm in the main oil pipeline system are considered.

The article is devoted to the scientific and methodological approaches to the systematization of the financial policy criteria of aviation enterprises. It is determined that monitoring, regulation and optimization of the usage of resources, assets, capital return control, investments, balance between own and loan financial resources are impossible without development and implementation of an appropriate complex methodology for aviation enterprises’ activities evaluation. It is justified that the objective basis for ensuring of the effective functioning of aviation enterprises should be the specific criteria and a system of financial policy analysis indicators, which will allow determining its status and adjusting further actions aiming the modernization of financial management system. In the framework of the conducted study, the scientific and methodological approaches to assessing of the corporate financial policy effectiveness are developed. It is determined that the corporate financial policy evaluation system should be based on two sets of tools – regulatory (current assets and capital, which are aimed at increasing the revenue side of financial policy) and optimization (fixed assets and intangible assets, in respect of which the conducting of financial policy is focused on the supportive processes and on the allocation of financial resources for their attraction, repair/renewal and withdrawal from the assets of the enterprise). These set of tools are interdepended. The regulatory tool is responsible for the revenue of the enterprise, and the optimization tool – for the cost base. The system of financial policy analysis indicators should be based on the financial stability assurance, turnover increase, ensuring maneuverability and compliance of the assets and there immobilization. The scientific novelty of the study is the development of scientific provisions for the systematization of criteria for evaluation of the financial policy of the aviation enterprises, aimed at modernizing the financial policy of such enterprises. The promising area for further research is the development of the methodology of the aviation enterprises’ financial policy forecasting during the crisis and post-crisis periods.

Over the course of more than a decade of the global economic crisis, the relevance of analyzing the performance indicators of construction organizations in the world has not only not decreased, but even vice versa - it has grown significantly, because now not only its success, but the most elementary survival in the current crisis depends on the financial condition of the company. Both the rate of recovery from the crisis and the competitiveness of the economy largely depend on the efficiency of the construction sector. Construction is a fund-forming (capital-intensive) industry on which the formation of the national economy depends; which means the formation of a complex economic, social, organizational, scientific and technical system. Currently, the construction industry of the Russian Federation is experiencing a number of difficulties in its development, but at the same time it has good chances of increasing its competitiveness and integration into the world market. The object of research of the article is the construction industry of the Russian Federation in the context of three main types of construction: construction of buildings; construction of engineering structures; specialized construction works. The article presents the author’s model of the profitability of fixed assets. The article describes one of the author’s methods of integral factor analysis, which allows an accessible and relatively simple assessment of the degree of influence of factors on changes in the studied indicator. The purpose of this article was to generalize and systematize the theoretical and methodological foundations of factor analysis in a form accessible to specialists in the field of economics and management, which should help form their basis for the development of economic thinking, understanding the essence of economic processes and phenomena occurring within the framework of the activities of economic entities. What is more important - it will help to develop skills for their quantitative assessment, economic interpretation and search for reserves to increase the efficiency of functioning.

The subject of the study is the expansion multiplier as a quantitative characteristic of the depreciation expansive effect in models of the extended reproduction of fixed assets. The aim of the study is to identify the impact of the age structure of fixed assets on the expansion multiplier value factoring in various methods of calculating depreciation. The research methods include mathematical and computer modelling, as well as deductive logic as a process of reasoning from more general to more specific. The high depreciation of fixed assets of Russian enterprises and the high demand for depreciation as a source of funds for their renewal and extended reproduction ensure the relevance of the study. The results of the study include the models of extended reproduction of fixed assets due to the expansive depreciation effect using various methods of accruing depreciation; demonstrate the relationship between the age structure of fixed assets and the expansion multiplier. Generalizing the methods of depreciation in terms of their impact on the expansion multiplier values provides the scientific novelty of the research. This paper introduces the expansion multiplier calculation formulas for general and special accelerated depreciation and limits of multiplicative potential of accelerated depreciation. The conclusions of the research work illustrate the possibility of using the expansion multiplier to plan and optimize the depreciation policies of organizations, as well as to evaluate the multiplier of fixed assets in various economies. The authors identified the problems of applying the expansive depreciation effect as a means of extended reproduction of fixed assets in practice, as a result of the limitations of its theoretical models. In overcoming the identified limitations, areas of technical theoretical research are proposed.

In the present article the author assessed the implementation the measuring indicators of the State programme and its priority objectives in development of the country transport infrastructure in accordance with global rankings. It sought to give explanation of the reasons of not fulfilling planned indicators. Kazakhstan’s position in World Bank reports (Logistics Performance Index) and the World Economic Forum (Transport infrastructure/The Global Competitiveness Index) have been analyzed, logistics market development in 50 countries with emerging economy (Emerging Market Logistics Index).The author gives an explanation of the assessment principles of the given rating, indicating the main criteria that is taken as a basis, the changes adopted in recent years in the assessment methods. The indicators of the leading countries in the world rankings are given, the main achievements and events that have contributed to high results and have interest for the development of the domestic logistics sector. The article assesses the leading position of Kazakhstan among the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union in the Logistics Performance Index for the period 2014-2018, highlights factors that contributed to the growth and development problems of logistics. The author revealed a correlation relationship between the main indicators of the country’s transport infrastructure (passenger and freight traffic, freight and passenger transport tariff indices, the operational length of public railways, the length of public paved roads, investments in fixed assets of transport and warehousing, goods turnover, the share of transport in the country’s GDP) and the logistics market development index (EMLI). The results of the analysis prove the validity of strategic planning for the development of the industry in accordance with the criteria of the world ranking.

The procurement of government fixed assets in the form of buildings, business vehicles, and others has not taken into account the entire costs associated with the purchase of fixed assets. The total cost of ownership scheme offers a concept that takes into account the entire costs associated with the purchase, use, maintenance, and disposal of assets.This study aims to develop a conceptual model based on the assumption that the total cost of ownership can be used by the government in implementing fixed asset capital spending. Through this research it is hoped that the government can improve the efficiency of procurement of fixed assets through the implementation of the total cost ownership scheme.The method used in this study is the method of literature study by collecting some of the previous research results related to the theory and practice of total cost ownership. The resulting insights from the previous study were then analyzed using theme analysis for abstraction, thus generating a conceptual model of total ownership cost for the procurement of government fixed assets. The result of this study is a general model proposal for the assessment of total cost of ownership which includes a calculation of the total cost associated with the goods to be purchased by the government at each stage of decision-making, from the search and selection stages to the end of the term

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether firm efficiency can explain the investment anomaly. The investment anomaly refers to the persistent negative relation between firm growth and future risk-adjusted returns. When firms grow by investing heavily, the market often takes the growth as positive news initially but will correct prices downward subsequently if the firms lack skills to materialize value from the investments.Design/methodology/approachThe author conducts portfolio sorting and Fama–Macbeth regression analyses with three different measures of efficiency and four variables for firm investment: net stock issuance (NSI), total asset growth (dAA), fixed asset and inventory growth (IA) and net operating assets (NOA).FindingsThe author finds that the NSI, dAA and IA anomalies are concentrated in firms with low overall efficiency. In addition, there is strong evidence that manager-driven efficiency is closely related to the NSI anomaly and limited evidence that NOA efficiency plays a role in the NSI, IA and NOA anomalies.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the literature by employing advanced efficiency measures developed by Demerjian et al. (2012) to resolve extant asset pricing puzzles. Also, the findings offer important implications for corporate managers and investors by demonstrating the effect of firm investments and efficiency on future profitability of stocks.

Subject. The article substantiates and develops a new method for assessing the economic performance of fixed assets. Objectives. The aim is to develop a method for assessing the return on the use of fixed assets enabling to correctly assess the balance between resources invested in fixed assets and the conditional return on resources generated by these assets. Methods. The study relies on methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction, specification, and generalization. Results. We reviewed the existing methods for assessing the return on the use of fixed assets, underpinned a new method, enabling to reveal an adequate ratio of invested and repaid resources spent on fixed assets. The paper offers a new way to assess the return on fixed assets utilization, which meets the management objectives that are achieved through economic analysis. The offered method provides reliable information about the real ratio of investments in fixed assets and the result from their utilization. Conclusions. The new methodological solution helps calculate the return on fixed assets utilization. It has certain advantages, like comparability of factors used and correlation of investments in a particular type of resource and results from its use.

The study checks association between the macroeconomic factors and corporate investment decision by using 10 years of data (2007–2016) of 12 Asian countries. There exist the series of studies, which discuss the firm‐level determinants of investment but very few studies have found the relationship between macroeconomic factors and corporate investment. So, with specific data set, this study is an attempt to fill this instant gap by exploring the relationship between macroeconomic factors and firm capital investment. GMM approach uses for estimation purposes. The results imply that increases in inflation rate decrease the investment due to increment in future cost of investment. Similarly, high interest rate decreases the corporate capital investment due to opportunistic options of early returns by investing in high interest income securities. The firms from high GDP growth countries carry higher investment level owing to business acceleration. However, the firms from high FDI inflow countries bear the low investment opportunities attributed to suppressed fierce competition. The countries having developed financial sector encourage their firms to invest more in banking securities instead of investing in physical long‐term investment, that is, investment in fixed assets due to professional management of funds by financial institutions and low substantial risks. Briefly, the findings of the study recommend that the corporate managers should focus on economic sensitivity while making decisions about any potential investment.

This study examined the extent to which investment in property, plant & equipment (PPE) made by listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria relate with the return on assets (ROA). The non-usage of composite appraisal techniques, other than traditional budgeting techniques was seen as a major problem of investment decisions on PPE. The study adopted the quantitative panel methodology of the ex post facto and correlational research design. Secondary data were extracted from the fact books of the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period, 2013 – 2018. The number of manufacturing companies listed in the Stock Exchange during this period was 83, which was also taken as the population of the study. The sample used in the study was 69. Three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Multiple and simple regression analyses were used on the data collected, to find the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The hypotheses tested indicated in the findings that property, plant and equipment had a significant relationship with return on assets of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria when there is a joint relationship between variables of property, plant & equipment (PPE) and return on asset (ROA). Based on the findings and conclusion, it was recommended that management of manufacturing companies should ensure a holistic use of all techniques, exploring the real and growth options analyses as well as portfolio management techniques involving productive non-current assets, to earn the benefit of return on assets invested.

The notion of tangible fixed assets can be interpreted as the heart, center or engine of an enterprise because it is expected to give rise to future economic benefits, namely, to contribute, both directly and indirectly, to the realization of the cash flows of investment activity. The importance of these fixed assets is clear from the fact that no company will be able to carry on its activity if it does not have tangible fixed assets in its assets, regardless of how they are purchased, for example: by acquisition, by building in its own right or by donation. The purpose of this article is to present the accounting treatment for the recognition, accounting, valuation and reassessment of these assets within an enterprise. The reason for choosing this issue was to highlight the importance that these tangible assets have at the level of each economic company. Certainly, these assets cannot be deprived of the assets of any economic agent because, in my opinion, they are the main pillar in any business.