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The rehabilitation services including physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy is an essential part of the healthcare system, which is required to enhance patients' quality of life. These services need a streamlined support system, which is required from the funding sources that significantly impact the efficacy. The accessibility, affordability, and quality of healthcare services are significantly influenced by healthcare finance and its utilization, which involves revenue generation and reimbursement processes to budgetary supervision and allocation of resources. Effective resource allocation is made possible by sound financial management, which minimizes undue usage and maximizes the use of existing resources in underfunded healthcare systems like Pakistan, where there is a greater need for funds for rehabilitation. Despite their value in the budget, rehabilitation services frequently receive a smaller portion of the healthcare budget. There is a need to focus on several funding sources, such as commercial insurance plans, public sector grants, out-of-pocket costs for patients and families, and the functions of foreign aid and charitable donations. The possible ways can be increasing insurance coverage for rehabilitation services, increasing public sector investment and encouraging increased cooperation between public and private sector parties. Ultimately, the healthcare system and the rehabilitative services can be improved for future prevention of disability and evidence-based health policies that maximize available resources and high-quality healthcare. This review offers a thorough analysis of and describes the current state of rehabilitation financing in Pakistan. In addition, it also provides considerable evaluation of barriers and suggested solutions in managing the finances required for running a viable rehabilitation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the impact of modern financial technologies (fintech) on traditional financial institutions (banks) in Georgia. The research involved both quantitative and qualitative methods. Assumptions were made based on the analysis of the financial indicators of the leading traditional Georgian bank, results of surveys with traditional bank customers, results of structured interviews with specialists of the National Bank of Georgia, and results of structured interviews with top management of financial institutions. These assumptions focus on whether banks have managed to adapt to the modern financial environment, what impact fintech has had on their financial stability, and whether the National Bank is capable of addressing the risks associated with fintech by introducing relevant regulatory norms. The article concludes with pertinent findings and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of tax avoidance (TAV) on company value in Jordan, with a specific focus on the moderating role of leverage. The sample is 55 Jordanian industrial firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange for the study period from 2005 to 2022. Given the evolving regulatory landscape and the importance of tax planning strategies for corporate performance, understanding these dynamics is critical. Employing panel data analysis spanning several years, the study examined the link between tax avoidance, leverage, and company value. The results indicated a significant negative association between TAV and firm value (the correlation between them is –29.3%), suggesting that firms engaging in higher levels of TAV experience lower market valuations. Additionally, the analysis reveals that leverage plays a crucial moderating role in this relationship, amplifying the negative impact of TAV on firm value. The study also found a strong correlation between firm value and size, and the relationship between firm value and ROA remains significant and positive. These findings provided valuable information for policymakers, corporate executives, and investors navigating the complexities of contemporary business environments in Jordan and beyond.

The rapid development of Financial Technology (Fintech) has had an impact on Indonesia's digital economy. Pay-later has become the service that people choose to meet their daily needs in addition to the increasing number of business transactions carried out electronically (ecommerce). The increase in the use of paylaters in e-commerce increases every year, accompanied by negative impacts such as impulsive buying and consumptive behavior that can befall users and heve derimental impact, especially Generation Z on the island of Java, if they do not have good Financial Management Behavior. The unique phenomenon that currently occuring is that there is an increase in the knowledge possessed but the Non-Performing Loan (NPL) rate is also high. This research aims to determine the factors that influence of Financial Knowledge on Financial Management Behavior with Locus of Control and Financial Attitudes as mediation. This research is categorized as explanatory research. The respondents in this study were Generation Z e-commerce pay-later users on the island of Java. The sample size in this study was determined using a purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 317 respondents. The data collection method uses a questionnaire, data is analyzed using PLS-SEM. The research results show that Financial Knowledge influences Financial Management Behavior and Locus of Control and Financial Attitudes as a psychological variable added based on Behavioral Finance partially mediate this relationship. It is hoped that beside from increasing their knowledge, ecommerce pay-later users on the island of Java must have faith for what in what they can get in the future is controlled by themselves and attitudes in carrying out financial management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the realization of the work, we encountered obstacles and a lack of literature, both in the theoretical and empirical aspects. Also, during the review of the literature, we also encountered a lack of local research in terms of addressing these problems by researchers of different profiles, which belong to the topic that will be analyzed in this study. The purpose of the paper is to review and analyze the empirical literature related to the impact of financial statements on management decision-making, but empirical research in this field of study is relatively few, so in general empirical research is lacking, which makes it more difficult further expanding the research in this paper. The aim was to evaluate the relevance of accounting practice with accounting rules based on the theoretical framework based on the review of empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is motivated by one of the factors in realizing good governance as a system that has been published by the government, namely SPBE to utilize Information Technology as a means of realizing good governance. SIPD is part of SPBE which is designed as an internal local government system for financial management so that this information can provide effective benefits in decision making. The problem is that the system can run well if its users accept and understand it well. Factors that influence the increase in its use is the acceptance of each individual who becomes a user. This study aims to determine the effect of Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use (perceived ease of use) of Regional Government Information Systems (SIPD) on the Application of Regional Financial Management Systems in North Minahasa Regency. The approach used is quantitative with this type of correlational research. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis technique using multiple regression. The results of this study can be concluded that the Perceived Usefulness of SIPD has a positive and significant effect on the application of the regional financial management system in North Minahasa Regency with a coefficient of determination of 53.90%. Perceived Ease of Use (perceived ease of use) SIPD has a positive and significant effect on the application of regional financial management systems in North Minahasa Regency with a coefficient of determination of 18.60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities face an uncertain funding environment and turbulent marketplace. Financial scenario modelling offers a potential mechanism to assist in navigating a way forward. Our previous paper on UK universities' practice found some variation in the sophistication of the approaches taken, but the overall impression was of a relatively simple approach, with spreadsheets generally viewed as having sufficient functionality to meet current strategic needs. This subsequent paper offers guidance on the construction of financial scenario models. It addresses the key variables that universities may wish to include, and it offers advice on how models might be formulated and evolve. The characteristics of differing approaches taken by universities in meeting their own scenario modelling requirements are explored by identifying three forms of model: basic, intermediate and advanced. The contribution of this paper is to enable universities, in the UK and beyond, to evaluate and improve their own financial scenario modelling practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financing needs present a significant challenge for companies launching investment projects, as they require innovative solutions. These solutions may include optimizing internal processes or seeking external funding sources. Calculating the funding gap involves evaluating investments, cash flows, and the weighted average cost of capital. An accurate assessment is crucial for financial management and claiming State aid. This article explores the concept of the funding gap in the context of State aid legislation and the specific requirements for calculating this gap for different types of State aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it comes to financial management, it’s not always easy for researchers to follow the strict standards set by their institutions. But is a researcher who is “delinquent” in the eyes of the system necessarily unethical?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in the global economy. This article examines SMEs’ financial management attitudes in the Visegrad Four countries, aiming to understand how these attitudes impact the firms’ long-term sustainability. The empirical study, conducted in June 2022, involved 1,398 respondents, comprising owners or top managers of SMEs from V4 countries. The research explores various facets of the long-term viability of companies over the next five years. Central to the investigation is understanding how managerial comprehension of critical financial management aspects, the willingness to embrace financial risks, and effective risk management contribute to a company’s enduring success. Additionally, the study assesses how a positive evaluation of a company’s financial performance correlates with its overall longevity in the business landscape.Results indicate that financial management significantly influences SME stability in the medium term. Factors positively affecting SME stability include a proper understanding and management of financial risks, along with a positive assessment of the company’s financial activities. Correlation analysis suggests that the perception of business continuity over a 5-year horizon moderately depends on understanding key financial management aspects, accepting financial risks as part of daily operations, and adeptly managing them. A positive vision of V4 SME management regarding their own future emerged as a crucial factor in the study. In conclusion, the article underscores the importance of effective financial management practices, risk comprehension, and positive self-assessment for SMEs to achieve sustained stability in the dynamic business landscape. AcknowledgmentThis work is supported by Tomas Bata University in Zlin through IGA/FaME/2023/014: CSR as an important factor in obtaining bank loans and external financial sources for SMEs.

Colour symbolism plays an important role in everyday life and science. The subject is interdisciplinary and receives significant attention in the literature. It is increasingly entering the field of economics and finance. The authors are the first to research the connotations and symbolism of colours in finance. The following research aims to: identify and determine the meaning of colours in connection with the word "finance", determine the popularity of the use of particular colours in relation to the word "finance", and identify the most popular subject areas in the literature related to the most commonly used colour in finance. Bibliometric and textual analyses were adopted as research methods. The main research conclusions are as follows. Of the 14 colours examined, only green, blue, brown, black and white showed connotations accurately portrayed in the text. Apart from the colour black, the symbolism is universal and unambiguous. For black, the symbolism is twofold, with one of the meanings going back to historical times. The dominant colour is green. The main research areas pursued under "green finance" include investing in and financing environmentally friendly projects (including various types of technology), developing financial instruments to support environmentally friendly activities and supporting clean energy projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of digital investment has grown substantially, enabled by advancing technology, which provides digital monitoring of investment instruments. Consequently, analyzing these instruments has become imperative. In particular, investors are inclined to compare new investment opportunities with well-established global stock markets, seeking to capitalize on their advanced financial literacy. This study aims to employ econometric analysis to explore the dynamic relationship between Bitcoin and the BIST100 and NASDAQ 100 indices. The time frame for this investigation spans from January 1, 2017, to March 10, 2022. Stationarity was confirmed through unit root tests (ADF, PP, KPSS, ZA, FADF, and FFFFF ADF) for the subsequent utilization of Autoregressive Conditional Variance Models. Additionally, Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Variance and Dynamic Conditional Correlation Tests were conducted. Results from the Dynamic Conditional Correlation Test model revealed no statistically significant dynamic conditional correlation between Bitcoin and BIST 100. Conversely, a negative and significant dynamic conditional correlation emerged between Bitcoin and NASDAQ 100. Investors should not only monitor the market but also review academic studies before making investment decisions. In this regard, this study holds significant importance. The study is limited to the BTC, BIST, and NASDAQ indices. Researchers interested in the topic can increase the dataset to further enrich the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology has revolutionized the way in which financial transactions are conducted. It has made possible secure financial management and digital transaction systems that are faster, more secure, and more reliable than traditional payment methods. Blockchain technology offers increased efficiency, trustworthiness and transparency to its users. The Blockchain works by creating a shared, distributed ledger of transactions. Each transaction is cryptographically secure and immutable, and all participating nodes have identical copies of the ledger. This ensures that transactions are traceable and secure, eliminating traditional problems such as double spending or fraudulent activities. Through the integration of Blockchain, the system provides transparency, prevents fraud, and ensures accountability. The research focuses on optimizing performance by reducing processing times and transaction costs, while maintaining scalability and flexibility. Additionally, the system facilitates auditing and compliance processes, while promoting financial inclusion by providing access to unbanked individuals. The proposed system's contributions lie in its novel approach to secure financial management, utilizing Blockchain's features to address the challenges of modern digital transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's business environment, companies cannot operate without an efficient supply offinancial resources. Financial assets are the lifeblood of all organizations. Accounting and finance as separate departments are at the center of every company and are responsible for ensuring efficient financial management and financial controls necessary to support the realization of business activities.The accounting andfinance departments is at the centre of any organization and is responsible for ensuring the efficient financial management andfinancial controls necessary to support all business activities. For companies to achieve financial success, it's important for them to have a financial strategy with thorough oversight for the entire company. The finance department oversees income and expenses throughout a company to ensure that it can sustain its operations and invest in expansion. Running a company requires effective management of resources. Finances, human, industry knowledge, and infrastructure are the resources required for running a business. Financial resources are the most important for starting and running a business. The finance function refers to practices and activities directed to manage business finances. The functions are oriented toward acquiring and managing financial resources to generate profit. The financial resources and information optimized by these functions contribute to the productivity of other business functions, planning, and decision-making activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The article examines the issue of business in the field of information technologies from the point of view of financial management by clarifying the essence of information technologies as a type of business, and defining the features of typical business models and forms of business organization. Scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists (dissertations, monographs, articles, materials of conferences and seminars) on the problems of IT business development became the information base of the research. The methodological basis of the research was general scientific and special research methods, in particular: abstraction (focusing on the main characteristics of IT business finances); analysis (decomposing the software development process into components and studying the impact of finance on each element); comparison and analogy (identification of typical IT business models). Purpose. The purpose of the article is to reveal the content of business in the field of information technologies as an object of financial management through clarification of the essence of information technologies as a type of business, definition of features of typical business models and forms of business organization. Results. According to the results of the data analysis of the National Repository of Academic Texts, only 10 dissertation works in the field of economic sciences, focused on the problems of IT business in Ukraine, were found, which showed the insufficient level of attention of scientists to this type of activity. It was proposed to consider IT business as an entrepreneurial activity in the field of information collection, storage, processing and distribution. It was justified that it is expedient to expand the IT industry beyond Section 62 "Computer programming, consulting and related activities" Classifier of types of economic activity, which allows showing the role of the industry in the economy in a more accurate way. The stages of the software life cycle (Analysis, Design, Development, Testing, Deployment, Maintenance) are considered, with the allocation of a key IT specialist for each of the stages, with the ability to compare the cost of each with the elements of the software development process. Conclusions. The study of issues of typical business models (outstaffing, outsourcing, product model, startup) and organizational and legal forms of business (activities of an individual entrepreneur, limited liability company, joint-stock company) made it possible to highlight the peculiarities of IT business as a unity of the object of financial management (a high level of client orientation, where through using a lot of various payment systems and cryptocurrencies; the key role of human capital and the high costs of labour and services of IT specialists; the significant impact of currency risk; flexibility in the allocation of resources; special legal and tax regime of Diya.City).

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current capital budgeting practices in Bangladeshi listed companies and provide a normative framework (guidelines) for practitioners. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected with a structured questionnaire survey taking from the chief financial officers (CFOs) of companies listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh. Garnered data were then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Findings – The results found that net present value was the most prevalent capital budgeting method, followed closely by internal rate of return and payback period. Similarly, the weighted average cost of capital was found to be the widely used method for calculating cost of capital. Further, results also revealed that CFOs adjust their risk factor using discount rate. Originality/value – The findings of this study might help the firms, policymakers and practitioners to take a wise decision while evaluating investment projects. Additionally, this study’s findings enrich the existing body of knowledge in the field of capital budgeting practices by providing more reliable and comprehensive analysis taking samples from a developing economy.

Abstract This study aims to explore current financial management practices covering governance and financial operation aspects in Islamic donation-based crowdfunding (DCF) in Malaysia. A series of interviews with six Islamic DCF platforms in Malaysia were conducted. For reporting purposes, this study employed a single-case study approach. The interview was conducted and completed at the end of August 2022 via an online approach through Google Meet. The findings highlight the governance background in terms of legal establishment as well as monitoring the function of Islamic DCFs in Malaysia. In addition, for financial operation, several findings related to the funding management process model, income generation, financial sustainability and financial disclosure of Islamic DCFs in Malaysia were discussed. This study is among the pioneer studies that explore financial management practices in Islamic DCF platforms in Malaysia. The study findings and recommendations are useful for Islamic DCF platforms as well as related parties like regulators, funders, potential project managers and the public in general to understand financial management practices in Islamic DCF platforms in Malaysia.

Abstract. The article examines the main financial management mechanisms of a commercial bank, as well as the prospect of creating a modern financial mechanism. The article analyzes the approach to the definition of the term "finances" and the focus of management on the placement of financial resources to obtain income. Emphasis is placed on the importance of productive financial relations between the bank and clients through financial management. The role of elements of planning, operational management and controlling in the creation of modern financial management methods is also considered. The stability of the banking sector largely determines the stability of the economy in general and its successful development. Therefore, the primary task of state bodies at the macro level and the management of credit organizations at the micro level should be to ensure such stability through the implementation of a rational monetary policy; assessment and monitoring of the state of the real and financial sectors of the economy; the fall of all types of risks and the acquisition of income, which multiplied aggregate costs. All this will contribute to the modernization and improvement of the quality of banking services provided to individuals and legal entities. An unreasonable and hasty policy in the field of banking business will not only lead to a decline in the financial stability of credit organizations, but will affect the economy as a whole. The article analyzes the financial management of foreign banking organizations, as a result of which the author came to the conclusion that the most important indicators in the development of a bank's financial strategy are the value of a financial organization, the level of bank capital, a certain number of active innovative projects, an increase in the range of products and services provided by banks, an increase management of external and internal risks, as well as development of an effective investment policy. As a result of the study, the relationship between effective financial management and a high level of liquidity management of the bank and the adequacy of its capital was revealed. The theoretical recommendations made by the author can be used by bank managers during the development of tactical measures aimed at increasing the financial stability of the credit organization, as well as during the clarification of the bank's development strategy in the phases of economic growth and decline in the interests of owners and other economic entities that enter into financial relations with banks.

Firm value reflects the performance and prosperity of the company through the share prices – the higher the stock price of a company so, the higher value of the company. The firm value is the result of the influence of many factors. This study aims to analyze the cash turnover, receivables turnover and inventory turnover as factors affecting the firm value, considering profitability as a mediating variable. The sample for this study is 10 food and beverage subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study is quantitative descriptive research. For analysis, the authors use quantitative secondary data, i.e. data obtained not directly from the object or research subject. Such data is information from financial reports of food and beverage sub-sector companies publicly available on the idx.co.id website and companies' websites for 2012-2021. The study's analytical model is Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of this study showed that the factors selected by the authors, such as cash turnover, receivable turnover, and inventory turnover, do not significantly influence profitability in IDX-listed food and beverage sub-sector companies for 2012-2021. The situation with firm value is somewhat different. In particular, inventory turnover positively and significantly influences firm value in IDX-listed food and beverage sub-sector companies for 2012-2021. However, the impact of cash and receivable turnover on firm value is negative. At the same time, profitability negatively and significantly influences firm value in IDX-listed food and beverage sub-sector companies for 2012-2021. However, profitability does not mediate the influence of cash turnover, receivable turnover, and inventory turnover on firm value in food and beverage sub-sector companies. Thus, investors who invest solely to obtain dividends should consider other variables than those analyzed in this study.

Purpose – This paper investigates the determinants of compulsive buying behaviour (CBB) and ascertains the effect of CBB on the propensity of an individual to be dependent on loans and fall into financial trouble. The study additionally examines the moderating effect of financial management on the hypothesized relationships. Design/methodology/approach – The survey method of research was adopted using questionnaires as the principal means of data collection. The predicted relationships of the study were tested using the partial least square structural equation modelling technique. Findings – The authors’ results suggest materialism, socioeconomic status and financial management skills of an individual are significant predictors of CBB. The authors also find CBB to be positively associated with loan dependence and the authors’ analysis suggests financial management skills moderate the hypothesized relationships. Social implications – Findings of this study suggest buying compulsively increases the risks of over-dependence on loans and can be indirectly associated with the risk of individuals falling into financial trouble. Originality/value – The findings highlight the adverse effects of CBB on loan dependence and financial trouble and the moderating effect of financial management on the dominant factors that influence CBB.

Companies operate in markets that are always changing. The business climate is marked by a number of changes, including rapidly growing markets, financial crisis, technical progress, competition and innovation. This research paper measures the impact of liquidity on profitability, represented by the rate of return on capital employed (ROCE) for companies in the retail trade industry in Romania. The independent variable liquidity conversion cycle was also taken into account in the research, the result of the regression applied to the panel data referring to the analyzed period of 9 years, 2013-2021, showing that among the independent variables, the current liquidity rate, the cycle liquidity conversion, total assets and dependent variable ROCE, there are significant and negative relationships. Also, between the independent variables the immediate liquidity rate, the turnover and the dependent variable ROCE, there is a significant but positive relationship, the conclusion being that paying more attention to the cash conversion cycle but also to the current liquidity rate, can cause a increase in the profitability of companies in the Romanian retail industry.

Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Business & Entrepreunership is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caderno de Administração is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Only a few studies have examined the use of comprehensive variables in determining financial management behavior, though the model involves many other variables. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the locus of control as a mediator variable in the effect of financial attitude and knowledge, income, and spiritual intelligence on financial management behavior. It used a quantitative descriptive method and involved 391 respondents determined through convenience sampling. The results showed that financial attitude and spiritual intelligence significantly impact financial management behavior through locus of control. Whereas in the other two variables, namely financial knowledge, and income, the role of the mediator does not function effectively, so it does not have an indirect effect. These findings have implications for individuals to practice financial readiness in daily financial life. The information obtained also strengthens the role of self-control in financial management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates digital objects in video games as an alternative investment from 2015 to 2020. The authors use the Steam Community Market of the Counter-Strike Global Offensive game publisher, a database that contains 19,717 observations divided into knives, machine guns, machine pistols, pistols, rifles, sniper rifles, and stickers. They use a hedonic approach to construct indexes for each category and an overall index. The sharp increase in the overall index is due to the transition from pay-to-play to free-to-play in December 2018. The stickers index is very high due to the scarcity of some stickers and the use of specific periods. In addition, the returns are correlated with risks differently depending on the skins category. Given the low correlation between the returns of skins and those of financial and nonfinancial markets, the risk-adjusted returns of skins reveal a potential value for portfolio diversification. However, testing this potential through a CAPM approach for different portfolio risk profiles confirms only some interest in stickers and possibly Sniper rifles and pistols. Implications of these findings are discussed for individual and professional investors, gamers, and game publishers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tesla Revista Científica is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The objective of this research is to analyze past performance statistics and make projections about the financial future. This study examines the potential for the cement industry to address national challenges and meet societal needs, while simultaneously enhancing shareholder value. Design/Methodology/Approach: The financial performance of cement sector is analyzed by applying the multiple regression with help of SPSS and E views from 2012 to 2021 years. Findings: The study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing ROI for the given dataset, allowing managers and investors to make informed decisions about financial strategies. However, the results are based on the specific dataset and should be interpreted within that context. Implications/Originality/Value: The study suggests that businesses should maintain a strong financial position, manage assets and liabilities efficiently, and focus on profitability to improve ROI. Future research directions include longitudinal analysis, industry-specific analysis, macro-economic factors, qualitative factors, and risk assessment. Limitations include data limitations, causality, external factors, sample size and selection bias, model complexity, limited ratios, external validity, and the changing business environment.

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The capital structure denotes the composite blend of debt and equity utilized by a business entity. In the past, the concept of capital structure was commonly categorized as a highly specialized and technical aspect of corporate management that pertained to a limited number of individuals within an organization. In the perspective of a conventional business individual, the likelihood of this vicinity to produce ample profits was rather low. The generation of considerable revenue is observed to be comparatively pronounced in certain financial domains, such as appropriately identified investment initiatives, when juxtaposed with other areas of financial pursuits. In recent times, there has been a substantial transformation in the prevailing circumstance. The area of capital structure has garnered significant attention and interest within academic discourse. The present discourse concerns both the theoretical and practical aspects of finance. The utilization of said funds may be extended towards facilitating the comprehensive functioning of the enterprise and executing investment operations. The various forms of capital structure commonly recognized include equity share capital, debt financing, preference share capital, and vendor financing. The present study aims to examine various aspects related to capital structure, including the challenges associated with the precise measurement of capital structure. Additionally, individual authors suggest that there exist numerous intriguing areas for future exploration in this domain. Anticipated outcomes encompass factors such as the provision of capital from the supply side, the correlations between capital structure and labor agreements, financial contracting, the dynamic trade-off theory, and the rate of capital structure adjustments. The aforementioned concepts will be subjected to scrutiny to evaluate their potential applicability as findings for research purposes. Some emphasis is also placed on the issue of asymmetric information and moral hazard that may arise between the parties involved in a given scenario The role of investors and issuers of diverse securities is fundamental in the financial domain. In the following, we also examine the three fundamental principles underlying the concept of capital structure in the realm of finance. The concept of capital structure irrelevance, the significance of the debt tax shield, and the interrelationship between the financing decisions and firm value represent essential themes in the field of finance. Attention is also focused on the expected financial costs associated with insolvency and their impact on determining the optimal capital structure. These ideas try to figure out if a firm can make more money by changing how it gets its money. Each idea has a unique answer, which means capital structure is a complex but interesting subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most people hope they will never need another person to step in and make.financial decisions for them if they become "incapacitated." Just ask Britney Spears. Yet many execute a power of attorney to protect their assets in case it happens to them. The power of attorney has become the universal financial management tool to prepare for, future incapacity, preferred because it allows loved ones to effortlessly assist an elder with diminishing capacity. Unfortunately, along with ease of use, comes ease of abuse. Too often this ubiquitous instrument is used to misappropriate an elder's property or usurp their autonomy due to a lack of oversight. The rate of elder Anancial exploitation continues to rise as the U.S. population ages. The COVID-19 pandemic also exacerbated isolation and vulnerability ®r our elders. Nevertheless, the legal profession steadfastly holds its grip on the power of attorney as a utility instrument-despite the high risk. The academic conversation too narrowly jbcuses on a polarized choice: Either keeping powers of attorney unregulated and unsupervised or opting for an overly restrictive regulatory process. Rather than adhering to this false dichotomy, a better approach is creating a legal.framework to address the increasing number of elders exploited at the hands of unscrupulous individuals. This Art icle posits that the rise in elderfinancial exploitation due to power-of-attorney abuse demands a more robust and creative framework. The federal legislative response has been anemic: despite passage of the Elder Justice Act, which established a collaborative approach to protective services, the mandate has remained woefully underfunded. To prevent elder financial exploitation. a multi-disciplinary infrastructure should be bolstered with necessary oversight and protection measures. In particular, the model should be enhanced with agent supervision and a centralized power-ofattorney registry to increase detection and prevention, while not overburdening agents or elders. It is no longer adequate to allow unregulated power-ofattorney use while a growing number of elders remain at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore the role of financial signal's spectrum on visual representational momentums and its effectiveness as visual attention allocation strategy during a financial visual extrapolation task. This paper aims to understand whether visual attention is allocated more on looking into the "bright" or "dark" future, and whether such a visual attention allocation choice is indeed strategically effective. Preliminary results indicate that spectral properties of the S&P 500' signal do have a statistically significant role on generating visually optimistic and pessimistic representational momentums, which is statistical evidence for behavioral markers responsible for visual extrapolation capabilities which human observers have developed throughout evolution. Further results of the analysis indicate that the effectiveness of such strategic visual extrapolation capability is indeed influenced by spectral properties of the S&P 500' signal which biases twice as much the extrapolation effectiveness by lowering it for cases when visual attention is allocated on the "bright" financial future compared to when the visual attention is allocated on the "dark" financial future of the financial graph that is being visually extrapolated. We conclude that financial extrapolation as a predictive tool is much more than a statistical and computational endeavor and investors do have the capability to mentalize the visual representational momentum and to make use of this as a tool for an effective visual extrapolation of the financial graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's globalized world, investing is a key financial management strategy related to the hope of obtaining future economic benefits. Access to more and more information has created new opportunities for wealth creation, including investments in stocks, cryptocurrencies, gold, real estate and many other assets. The work emphasizes the importance of investing and diversifying the investment portfolio, especially in periods of inflation, using the example of a portfolio of listed companies compared to a currency portfolio. The study covers the period from December 2019 to December 2020, and the analysis aims to estimate the rate of return on investment based on the Markowitz and CAPM theories. The presented analysis method is applicable both in the academic environment and in real economic scenarios, encouraging further research on investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines trends in the financial stability of Ukrainian enterprises, particularly in the industrial sector, in the current operating environment. Effective management of financial stability is vital for the success of enterprises, entrepreneurship in general, and the economy of the country. The industrial sector comprises approximately one-third of enterprise assets, and the rate of growth of non-current assets and equity of industrial enterprises is higher than the rate for entrepreneurship as a whole. However, the share of capital held by industrial enterprises is lower, which affects their financial stability. The amount of non-current assets exceeds equity, resulting in negative own working capital and other absolute indicators of financial stability. The evaluation of financial stability indicators indicates a rather low level. The full-scale war in Ukraine has resulted in negative financial results, particularly in the industrial sector. Profit is a critical factor for financial stability, equity growth, and entrepreneurship development. In the current circumstances, it is necessary to find new ways to increase profitability, reduce costs without compromising product quality, implement energy-saving measures, improve energy efficiency, optimize production capacity, increase resource use efficiency, and develop a successful marketing strategy. To improve financial stability, the article proposes issuing new shares, additional contributions from founders, revaluation of fixed assets, and seeking opportunities to receive irrevocable financial assistance from organizations, individuals, and states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The accounting and financial units play a crucial role in promoting financial reporting systems of the public sector. Reliable and accurate financial accounting and reporting increase accountability, budget control, transparency of financing, and improve the effective management of assets and liabilities. The efficiency and effectiveness of financial management is essential for making any change in the quality of public sector performance. An effective financial unit in the public sector is needed to achieve the goals of an Iranian resilient economy and financial discipline. The main purpose of this study is to provide a financial management and accounting maturity model for public sector reporting units in Iran. A maturity model with a good leveling will enable managers to evaluate public sector units. It also provides sufficient motivation for managers to attain higher levels of the maturity model and to attract the support of CEOs for improving actions. Maturity models are customized to the conditions of each country in the developed countries. Methods: Maturity-related studies were reviewed to identify the components of financial management and accounting maturity. Then, the initial maturity model was designed based on the authors' experiences and the situation in the Iranian public sector. In the next stage, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Iranian public sector specialists selected through purposive sampling. The focus group technique was used to collect data through group interaction. Findings from the group interviews were analyzed using semantic analysis. Results: The primary extracted components were modified using the opinions of experts. Dimensions of the maturity model include 1) information technology, 2) financial reporting, 3) budgeting and financial planning, 4) rules and regulations, 5) financial supervision and governance, 6) leadership, 7) efficiency and effectiveness, and 8) human capital. Based on the several discussions held in the focus group meetings, checklists can be used to measure the dimensions of the maturity model. It is also necessary to use experts to assess the maturity of reporting units. Conclusion: Our results provide a clear framework for evaluating reporting units in the public sector. Managers can use the proposed maturity model in their policies for public sector units. Public sector organizations can use it to assess the status of their accounting and financial management units in Iran. They can also evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the public sector accounting and financial management unit and use the model as a roadmap to develop the position of financial management. The results of this paper improve the quality of financial reporting of public sector organizations. In addition, the extracted components of the maturity model may lead to the presentation of the Excellence Award to the financial management and accounting units in the public sector of Iran.

The development of market transformations in Ukraine has led to the noticeable changes in the sphere of formation and using enterprise capital. Formation of the optimal capital structure, which allows to combine an increase in financial results with the existing risk level, is the main factor of maintaining effective functioning. In this connection, processes of financial activity administration require rethinking and improving the approaches to diagnosis of financing sources both in the theoretical and practical aspects. The aim of the study is to improve the methodological approaches to the diagnosis of enterprise capital structure as an instrument of justifying and making managerial decisions in financial management system on the basis of theoretical approaches and specifying the definition of the term “enterprise financial activity administration”. Methods of scientific cognition were used in the work, in particular: of system approach, analysis, synthesis, scientific abstraction, generalizing. Methods of financial coefficient analysis and Shuhart’s control charts creation were used to carry out capital structure diagnosis on the example of JSC “Zhytlobud-1” (Kharkiv). The author’s vision of the essence of enterprise financial activity administration as a process of developing and implementing managerial decisions was formed, including formation and use of its capital with the aim of financial strength, profitability and creating conditions for fulfillment of obligations, based on information, diagnostic and analytical support for the realization of managerial procedures. It was concluded that diagnosis of capital structure served as the key element in the system of instruments for the administration of enterprise financial activity. The use of Shuhart‘s control charts for diagnosing the capital structure was proposed, and relevant calculations were carried out on the example of JSC “Zhytlobud-1”, the level of manageability of its capital components was assessed, and key management objects in the structure of the company’s financing sources were identified. The results of the research can be useful for scientists, students of economic specialties of higher educational establishments, managers and employees of financial divisions of enterprises and financial institutions

Smart City’s role is to improve urban life through sustainable integrated solutions and address city-specific challenges in various policy areas, such as energy, mobility and transport, and ICT, which must also be effectively implemented. Smart City relies on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to sustainably develop urban spaces and limit the negative effects of urbanization. Globally, there is a trend to promote the concept of Smart City as a solution for urban areas in efficient and sustainable development, without affecting the environment. In Romania, Smart City has become a concern for local, urban and rural administrations, in the context in which at European level there are non-reimbursable funds for such projects. In Romania, Smart City and the projects that have the role of making an administration to be Smart are in their infancy. The purpose of this article is to highlight the advantages of Smart City development in urban administrations in Romania and the influence on the financial management of local authorities. Urban spaces in Romania face certain difficulties, both in terms of development (economic, infrastructure), but also pollution. The paper will highlight the stage of development of Smart City and how it influences the financial management of local governments, where such projects are implemented. The paper is descriptive, by correlating the information highlighted in the literature and data on projects submitted for Smart City by urban areas in Romania. The study analyzes the projects submitted by the main urban areas in Romania in 2020 for their development as Smart City, according to the website https://steinbeis-romania.com, thus highlighting the concern of local governments for their development as Smart City.

This study evaluates the maturity level of the Public Service Agency (BLU) at Jambi University (UNJA). The research uses descriptive analysis based on the BLU Maturity Rating worksheet to assess various aspects, including financial management, service quality, internal capabilities, governance, innovation, and environmental impact. The findings reveal that UNJA's BLU has achieved an overall maturity level 3.71. Internal capabilities scored the highest at level 5, while environmental aspects lagged at level 3. Recommendations are provided to enhance business ethics, risk management, and resource usage, improving the institution's maturity level and overall performance. These improvements are crucial for achieving a higher maturity level, ensuring better service quality, and promoting sustainable development within the institution.

Scientific work on "Inclusiveness of Financial Activities of Hotel Institutions During the Covid-19 Pandemic" aims to conduct a financial analysis of the state of the hotel services market in Ukraine and the world during the period of active progression of the Covid-19 virus infection. The purpose of the article. The aim of the work was to study the peculiarities of the financial development of the hotel industry in the pandemic in the world and in Ukraine. The methodology. The totality of research methods is a methodology for analyzing and organizing the main legislative acts and laws, namely the methods of generalization, comparison, chronology, analysis and generalization. Segment diagramming, elements of financial analysis, as a digital display of the state of the economic level of development are used to visualize the state of the hotel business market. The results of the research. The study analyzes the level of change in sales revenue from the hotel business in Ukraine. The regions of Ukraine were divided into the main tourist regions and the structure of accommodation facilities by types and specialized accommodation facilities have been developed. The scientific work considers the hotel industry as elements of the market of services of Ukraine, so the distribution of accommodation is divided into in the following regions: central region, northern region and western and southern regions. The location of hotel business establishments is appropriately structured. Conclusions that were made indicate the need to improve the quality of services while expanding their range, which is due to the ever-increasing demands of consumers in accordance with the requirements of advanced technologies. A significant expansion of the range of accommodation (apartments, villas, holiday homes, country and guest houses, chalets, etc.) will best guide different groups of tourists and diversify the types of recreation. The presented paper depicts relevant and necessary research that will help hotel business leaders to respond in a timely manner to financial threats. During the Covid-19 pandemic, it is important to monitor the state of the Ukrainian services market, timely implement all possible security measures and prevent the impact of adverse factors on the development of the hotel business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial management for young entrepreneurs needs to be done because disciplined financial arrangements will be able to minimize the risk of uncertainty. Young entrepreneurs have problems with financial management behavior, that is knowledge, and skills in managing finances which have an impact on financial decision-making. This study aims to see the effect of financial knowledge, financial attitudes, and personality on financial management behavior in young entrepreneurs in Malang. The approach used in this research is quantitative with an explanatory approach. This study's population is young entrepreneurs in the Brawijaya University environment. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a sample size of 150 samples. The results of this study prove that partially financial knowledge has no significant effect on Financial Management Behavior. Financial attitudes have a significant effect on Financial Management Behavior, and personality has a significant effect on Financial Management Behavior in Young Entrepreneurs in Malang City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern public companies and institutions can create and developing their comparative advantages only through adequate application of the management system. Considering the importance and role of companies and corporations, as the most important institutional forms of organizing enterprises, it is clear that they need both good management and a well-established system of corporate management. With the development of the market economy, which conditions a new way of doing business for public companies and institutions, and thus an important role in the approach to financial management, there have been changes in the basic economic settings and criteria for successful management and business, especially financial flows. Domicile public companies need to adapt to new changes, because the market economy favors financially stable companies. Only financial stability represents the final term of the ability of a company in transition to function in a turbulent market environment. Based on this fact, the paper deals with the practical treatment of this problem and the key analytical indicators of the financial position, as well as the property and income position of Mine and thermal power station Ugljevik a.d. Ugljevik. The goal of the research is to indicate to what extent management is a function of sustainable financial stability and liquidity, as well as to evaluate the quality and ability of management to effectively manage the finances of this company. management, financial management, financial stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical and computational methods are being increasingly integrated into Decision Support Systems to aid management and help with strategic decisions. Researchers need to fully understand the use of such techniques in order to make predictions when using financial data. This paper therefore presents a method based literature review focused on the predictive analytics domain. The study comprehensively covers classification, regression, clustering, association and time series models. It expands existing explanatory statistical modelling into the realm of computational modelling. The methods explored enable the prediction of the future through the analysis of financial time series and cross-sectional data that is collected, stored and processed in Information Systems. The output of such models allow financial managers and risk oversight professionals to achieve better outcomes. This review brings the various predictive analytic methods in finance together under one domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research on the profitability of the coal sector in a border context was to measure, through financial profitability indicators, how the sector was in a period of time, the research focused on descriptive correlational research with a documentary and field design. With the support of businessmen of the sector, critical factors that affected the financial management of the sector were identified. Between the turnover of accounts receivable and accounts payable there is a mismatch between accounts payable and accounts receivable; this led to accounts receivable being financed with non-operating resources, hence the need for operating funds. It was determined that all the sector's profitability indexes deteriorated as of 2006. It is recommended to follow up on the management of Short Term variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]