Search

Abstract Non-financial companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange face considerable difficulties due to expensive funding and the need to make complex decisions about their capital structure. These problems impact their judgments about dividend policy, resulting in ambiguity and possible inefficiency. This study draws on the bird-in-hand theory to investigate the influence of the cost of capital on dividend policy decisions among non-financial firms listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, focusing on 227 companies from 2005 to 2022. The data for this study were sourced from Thomson Reuters Datastream. Employing the common shock autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) and two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) estimations, findings reveal that the cost of debt consistently negatively impacts dividend payouts and coverage ratios. In contrast, the cost of equity has an insignificant effect. Conversely, the weighted average cost of capital positively influences dividend payouts and coverage ratios but negatively influences dividend yield. All the findings supported the bird-in-hand theory except for the negative impact of WACC on dividend yield. These insights highlight the importance of considering the cost of capital and market share dynamics in dividend policy formulation. Firms should prioritize efficient debt management to sustain dividend distributions, and aligning dividend policies with overall capital structure management is crucial in this regard, providing a sense of reassurance and confidence to the firms and their stakeholders. This study provides valuable guidance for financial decision-makers navigating dividend-related strategies within corporate environments.

Abstract Purpose This paper aims to examine the moderating effects of board size on the relationship between dividends and firm value in Malaysian settings. The theoretical foundations of this research were the integration between agency and resources dependency theories. Design/methodology/approach Panel data are extracted from DataStream and the annual report for the period of 2012 to 2021, and pooled OLS, random effects, and fixed effects analyses were employed to examine the relationship. Breusch–Pagan Lagrange multiplier (LM) test and the Hausman test used to determine the most appropriate between these three analyses (OLS, random effects, and fixed effects). The results are valid even after calculating the robust standard error to mitigate the potential heteroskedasticity and serial correlation. Findings The empirical results show that board size positively moderates the relationship between dividends and firm value in all the models tested. The results indicate that a larger board of size can minimize the agency problem (agency theory) because a larger board size can more effectively monitor and control management's opportunistic behavior due to more set of skilled and talented individuals included in the boardroom (resources dependency theory). Additionally, effective monitoring can also lead to the increase in dividend payout to maintain a good reputation among investors and simultaneously increase firm value. Practical implication This study contributes to helping the regulators and industry players in Malaysia to improve existing guidelines for determining dividend and board size to increase firm value. The findings may also provide inputs to the policymakers in recommending the optimum dividend and board size that resulting an increase in valuation. Originality/value By incorporating agency and resources dependency theory, authors investigate the moderating effect of board size on dividend and firm value relationships in Malaysian markets.

This study examines the major factors influencing UK companies listed on the Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) 100 stock market's dividend policy (as determined by the dividend payout ratio) over 32 years, from 1990 to 2022. The dividend premium and free cash flow components make up the catering dividend. The outcomes of a wide range of panel data analysis regressions, such as Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regressions, clearly show that the catering dividend significantly impacts UK firms' dividend policy. On the other hand, the dividend policy benefits from the dividend premium, which increases it by 12% to 17% on average. Free cash flow, on the other hand, has a negligible negative impact on the dividend policy by just 5%. It is crucial to mention that this outcome varies depending on the models and regression techniques used. Furthermore, this study emphasizes how important it is for a firm's size and profitability to play a key role in determining how it will implement its dividend policy. Financial leverage also becomes important since a company's dividend payment ratio decreases when it relies more heavily on debt in its capital structure. By using GMM and 2SLS regressions, this study carefully tackles the endogeneity issue, and the results hold up even when the endogeneity effect is reduced. Ultimately, this study emphasizes how important dividend catering components are in guiding UK companies' dividend policies, arguing that CEOs and legislators should pay more attention to this.

Kurumsal yönetim kalitesi, ticari faaliyetlerin etkinliğini ve üretkenliğini, raporlamanın güvenilirliğini ve menfaat sahiplerinin hak ve menfaatlerinin korunmasını amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada kurumsal yönetim kalitesinin işletmelerin temettü politikaları üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi olup olmadığı araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla, Borsa İstanbul’da faaliyet gösteren ve kurumsal yönetim derecelendirme notuna ulaşılan 70 işletme örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. İşletmelerin kurumsal yönetim derecelendirme notu ile temettü politikaları arasındaki ilişkiyi tespit etmek için panel veri analiz yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Ampirik sonuçlarda, kurumsal yönetim derecelendirme notunun işletmelerin temettü politikaları üzerinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Buna göre daha iyi yönetim kalitesine sahip işletmelerin daha güçlü bir temettü ödeme eğiliminde olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Kurumsal yönetimin alt bileşenleri üzerinden yapılan analiz sonucunda sadece yönetim kurulu skorunun temettü politikası üzerinde pozitif bir etkiye neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen diğer ampirik bulgulara göre, büyüklük ve kârlılık değişkenlerinin işletmelerin temettü politikası üzerinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahip oldukları gözlemlenirken, varlık büyümesi ve kaldıraç değişkenlerinin işletmelerin temettü politikası üzerinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ve negatif bir etkiye neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda COVID-19 döneminde işletmelerin temettü dağıtımlarını azaltma eğiliminde olduğu elde edilen diğer ampirik bulgular arasındadır.

Dividend policy is one of the most important topics in financial literature. One of the motivations of powerful CEOs to pay dividends is to build a reputation in the capital markets in order to obtain foreign financing on favorable terms. However, the net expected value of such a reputation depends on the likelihood of external financing, which is associated with low profitability and high volatility of cash flows. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effect of the power of the CEO on the probability of paying dividends in the conditions of low profitability and high volatility of cash flow. In this regard, 128 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange were examined between 2014 and 2021. The results show that the power of the CEO has a negative and significant effect on the payment and increase of dividends. Also, low profitability and high volatility of cash flow increase the negative effect of the CEO's power on the increase of dividends. But it does not have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between the power of the CEO and the payment of dividends. Financial constraints also do not have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between the power of the CEO and the payment and increase of dividends

This study examines the effect of sustainability reporting (SR) on financial-performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria from 2010 to 2020. Ex-post facto research design was employed and 24 firms form 8 sectors were sampled. Data were sourced from their annual report and analysed using Panel-regression technique. The study found positive significant connection linking DP, ERS and R&D and financial performance while CRS has negative insignificant effect on financial-performance. Base on the findings, the study concluded that SR has positive influence on financial-performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study recommended that relevant authorities should encourage firms to report SR on real-time and make reporting compulsory and not voluntary. There should be strict enforcement on firms to increase investment in R&D as this will increase profitability and help climate change.

This study aims to examine the effect of dividend policy on firm value with capital structure as a moderating variable. The research was conducted on manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2019. The purposive sampling technique took the research data. Data analysis used a moderated regression analysis. The findings of this study indicate that the dividend policy increases firm value. However, this analysis demonstrates that the capital structure has a moderating influence on the effect of dividends on firm value. Investors in Indonesia’s capital market have reacted positively to manufacturing businesses’ dividend payout policies. However, if the company’s capital structure is highly leveraged, this reaction will be diminished.

One of the strategic decisions in the company is related to dividend decisions. It becomes the basis for investors to invest in shares. Investors value income from dividends distributed by companies for more than income from capital gains. Investors prefer to receive payment now than future ones because they are faced with uncertainty. Regular dividend distribution indicates the company has bright prospects in the future. Accordingly, Dividends have a significant influence on the increase in share prices. Data were collected using the documentation method of 34 samples of the most liquid Islamic stocks listed on the IDX. This research uses the SPSS analysis technique and uses a partial test (t-test). The tests to determine the significance of each independent variable in influencing the dependent variable with a one-way test and using moderation regression to test and analyze the effect of dividends per share on stock prices, whether to strengthen/weaken the dependent variable. The study results found that profitability and solvency , as well as dividends, have a relationship with stock prices. The relationship between ROA and share prices as moderated by dividends is negative for stock prices. The relationship between ROE and share price, which is moderated by dividends, is positive but not significant. Dividends can significantly strengthen the DER relationship to the share price. In addition, dividends were able to strengthen DAR's relationship with share prices significantly. JEL: G11, G12, G41

This study aims to analyze investment decisions, funding decisions, and dividend policies on firm value. The method used is multiple linear regression using 35 samples of the food and beverage industry. This study finds that investment decisions and funding decisions was able to increase firm value, but dividend policy showed the opposite result. Investment decisions as well as funding decisions can become the basis for determining strategies to increase value to the company by keeping its value increasing. Abstrak Penelitian ini berupaya menganalisis keputusan investasi, keputusan pendanaan, dan kebijakan deviden terhadap nilai perusahaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda dengan menggunakan 35 sampel industri food and beverage. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keputusan investasi dan keputusan pendanaan mampu meningkatkan nilai perusahaan, namun kebijakan deviden menunjukkan hasil yang sebaliknya. Keputusan investasi serta keputusan pendanaan mampu menjadi landasan menetapkan strategi untuk meningkatkan nilai pada perusahaan dengan cara menjaga nilainya agar tetap meningkat.

Purpose – Although it has often been studied in finance research, the relationship between dividend yields and stock returns remains an unresolved issue, especially in the Korean stock market. When firms continue to pay non-decreasing dividends for three or five years, they may establish a dividend reputation, which could affect this relationship. The author found firms that pay more dividends, larger firms, older firms, more profitable firms, less leveraged firms, firms with less volatile returns, firms with foreign holdings of more than 5%, and firms with more concentrated ownership build dividend reputations. The author also found that the relationship between dividend yields and future stock returns depends on a firm’s dividend reputation. The evidence shows that when firms with higher yields have dividend reputations, they produce higher future returns, whereas there is no significant relationship between yields and returns for firms with no reputation. These results are inconsistent with the findings of studies that use developed market data. In addition, when larger firms with higher growth potential and firms with less concentrated ownership have dividend reputations, future returns are higher.

This study attempts to examine the role of managers in the associated agency theory on dividend policy decisions for firms that do not skip dividend payments. This research sample considered the firms that are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and pay regular dividends on an annual basis from the financial year 2011 to 2020. Panel data econometric tools and robustness tests were carried out for model validation.The study results show that there is a higher positive relationship between change in payout ratio and managerial remuneration. Similarly, there is a large positive significance to increase manager incentive for regular payer firms with greater promoter control in higher dividend payout. Thus, this brings an agency theory perspective of rewarding well to managers to increase promoter wealth. Hence, policymakers can contemplate these findings to analyze the nexus between managers and promoters in the dividend policy of firms that never skip their dividend payments.

The subject of this paper is an analysis of the impact of the crisis caused by coronavirus on business decisions of issuers whose shares are listed on the Banja Luka Stock Exchange, through the example of dividend payment decisions. For the purpose of determining the factual situation, we observed publicly available financial reports of all companies that paid dividends from profits for 2018 and 2019 and made a comparison of profit retention rates in the two observed periods. We also analyzed other available information on the operations of these issuers. The research results show that in 10 out of 16 cases in which there was dividend payment from profits for 2019, the rate of profit retention increased compared to 2018. In addition to the mentioned 16 cases of dividend payment from the profit for the previous year, two cases were recorded in which dividend payment was made, but from the accumulated profit of previous years, so that the retention rate was not calculated for these issuers. If we take into account the fact that, in almost all cases, the decision on the (non-)payment of dividends was made at a time when uncertainties regarding coronavirus were already present in Republika Srpska, it can be concluded that the impending crisis had an impact on 2019 net results distribution decisions.

The dividend month premium is the phenomenon that firms have abnormal returns in predicted dividend month. This study aims to examine the dividend month premium in the Korean stock market, using common stocks listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ from January 1999 to December 2016. Abnormal returns are estimated using the following asset price models: capital asset pricing model, Fama–French three-factor model and the Fama–French–Carhart four-factor model. This study finds positive abnormal returns in predicted dividend months, and even for the within-firm portfolio that buys stocks in the predicted dividend months and sells the same stocks in other months. The price impact and the subsequent reversals are greater with lower liquidity and higher dividend yield, implying that the price pressure from dividend-seeking investors affects this dividend month premium. In addition, the anomalies with the pre-declaration stock are smaller than the post-declaration stock, suggesting the necessity to improve the cash dividend policy of post-declaration for market efficiency.

Research background: This article describes the issue of dividend companies that are components of the WIG index and S&P 500 during the period 2009–2017.

This research examined the effect of stock liquidity on the propensity to pay dividend for 254 Indonesian public listed firms during the period of l 2011 and 2015. Stock liquidity implies transparency level and serves as market monitor for management performance in using the cash flow. Furthermore, this research examines the impact of stock liquidity on dividend payment in the presence of agency conflicts using agency proxies, wedge and government ownership. This paper employed multivariate probit regression. The baseline model has controlled for time in-variant and industry sectors. Robustness checks are employed to present consistent result for other stock liquidity measures. The results confirm the predicted dividend model outcome and prove the contradiction in dividend signaling theory.

Abstract This study examines the impact of family control on the dividend policy of firms in Pakistan, covering the period from 2009 to 2016. It also investigates whether family control moderates the impact of firm-specific factors on the dividend policy. The GMM model for panel data estimation is used. The mean difference univariate analysis shows that family firms differ from nonfamily firms based on financial characteristics. The multivariate analysis shows that family firms pay lower dividends than nonfamily firms. Besides, firm size inversely affects the dividend policy, whereas tangibility positively affects it. Moreover, family control does not moderate the impact of all firm-specific factors on the dividend policy. Overall, family control, size, and tangibility are found to be the main determinants of the dividend policy in Pakistan.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the variables that significantly affect dividend payout decisions of Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) from Indian automobile industry listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Analysis is based on balanced panel data with 180 observations of 12 companies over a period of 15 years i.e. from 2003-04 to 2017-18. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and static panel data regression analysis including regression diagnostics have been used as statistical tools to achieve the purpose of the study. STATA software was used to analyze the data in the present study. The findings indicate that the significant determinants of dividend payout decisions of sample companies during the study period were profitability, size, book value per share, tangibility of assets, leverage and price earnings ratio. The findings of the study support various theories of dividend policy viz. Signalling, Pecking Order, and Transaction Cost. As per authors’ knowledge, this is the first study focusing on the determinants of dividend payout decisions of OEMs in India using the data from 2003-04 to 2017-18. The empirical findings of the present study will provide useful insight pertaining to dividend payout decisions to various stakeholders of different companies and will also be helpful to the future researchers.

Corporate dividend behaviour is looked upon in many ways by the experts in the area of financial literature. To examine the dividend practices in banking sector in Bangladesh, it is taken secondary data and the views of dividend policy makers’ covering the divergent aspects of dividend practices. The parametric test, non-parametric test and percentile are used for inferring the result. In the banking sector, the maximum payouts are in large size firm, earlier listed bank, low leveraged firm, high risk’s firm, medium PE ratio’s firm. The survey results reveal that the banks prefer both cash & stock dividend most but majority shareholders prefer stock. The most of the companies follow stable payout with increasing trend in dividend payment but no satisfactory research is done to justify the investors’ preference. The decision maker, investors and other stakeholders should follow these findings for taking decision.

Determinants of dividend policy have been a topic of debate in the academic literature for several decades, but the studies have not been able to give a concluding result on the topic. Existing literature reveals that one of the most challenging decisions, dividend payout, is affected by multiple determinants thereby impacting the value of stock, among which proficatibility, capital structure and level of cash flows are identified to be significant factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate empirically the determinants of dividend payout among the companies in the Indian auto components sector which are listed in major Indian bourses. This paper constitutes a modest attempt to explore the relationship between dividend policy (dividend pay-out ratio) of the companies and the variables representing profitability, capital structure, investments, liquidity and cash flows. The other salient feature of the study is that it examines casual relationship of financial performance, operational efficiencies and investment strategies on decision of paying the dividend. ANOVA, correlation analysis and regression analysis have been used to explore the relationship between the identified variables. The study finds that the dividend policy of the companies in the Indian auto components sector is largely influenced by the operating profit, cash from operations, proportion of cash from operations used for financing the investment activities and the proportion of equity in the capital structure of the companies. The study addresses the Indian auto components sector, which is not researched much, and suggests rejuvenation in dividend policy after accounting a derived variable of cash flow to capital expenditure, as identified relevant to the group of auto manufacturers selected for the study.

We analyze the effects of financing policies, dividends, and corporate governance on ownership structure in Chilean companies. We used a sample of 185 companies listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange that answered the NCG 341 survey on Corporate Governance Practices in 2013. The two-limit Tobit regression (TLTR) results show that debt and dividend policies exert a negative effect on controlling shareholder ownership and a positive effect on minority shareholder ownership. The results show that these policies facilitate control over corporate management determined by the interests of controlling shareholders, as well as protect minority shareholders’ rights by complementing their monitoring role. Corporate governance practices have significant effects on the ownership structure of Chilean companies.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, BİST’de işlem gören şirketlere ait verileri kullanarak temettü duyurularının hisse senedi getirilerine olan etkilerini incelemektir. Bu amaçla 2009-2014 yılları arasında toplamda 136 şirketin 548 temettü duyurusu kullanılmıştır. Bu duyuruların duyuru günü civarında oluşturulan olay pencereleri vasıtasıyla hisse senedi getirilerine olan etkisi regresyon analizi ile test edilmiştir. Çalışmada, nakit temettü, hisse temettü ve melez temettü dağıtım biçimleri için ayrı analizler yapılmıştır. Nakit temettü analizinden elde edilen bulgulara göre, nakit temettü duyurusunun yapıldığı gün ve sonrasındaki günlerde temettü verimi ile anormal getiriler arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu ilişki, duyuru gününde başlamakta ve ilk iki gün içerisinde en anlamlı seviyesine ulaşmakta ve bu bilginin fiyata dönüşme süreci anlamlı bir şekilde en az 15 gün süresince devam etmektedir. Hisse temettü ve melez temettü için yapılan analizlerde anlamlı sonuçlara ulaşılamamıştır. Yatırımcılar, duyuru günü ve çevresindeki günlerde hisse senedi ve melez temettü duyurularına karşı kayıtsızdırlar. Bütün analizlerde duyuru günü öncesinde anlamlı ilişkiler kurulamamıştır. Dolayısıyla, fiyatlara etki edebilecek önemli bir bilgi olan temettü bilgisinin şirket içerisinden piyasaya önceden sızdırılmadığı ve içerden öğrenenler ticaretinin (insider trading) olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

The paper aims to investigate the determinants of dividend payout among the Malaysian property companies. The sample size consists of 30 property listed companies on Bursa Malaysia. The data are generally obtained from the company’s annual report for the period of 2012 to 2016. The study employs multiple regression analysis to examine the influence of firms specific and macroeconomic variables on dividend payout. Result of the test shows that the dividend payout has a significant negative relationship with ownership structure and positive relationship on return on equity, quick ratio and GDP. The study instigates to enrich the literature on dividend determinants especially in the context of Malaysia.

In the life cycle theory of the company, it is stated that the Company which is at the established stage has the ability to make money beyond its ability to find profitable investment opportunities. The Company will distribute cash flow optimally to stakeholders in the form of dividend payments. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of retained earnings ratio (proxied with retained earnings to total equity) on the probability and rate of dividend payments based on the life cycle of the firm. Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012 - 2016 are designated as research objects. Meanwhile, the sample is selected using criteria considered by the researcher (judgment sampling). Hypothesis testing is done by using the statistical method that is probit and tobit regression. The research findings show that retained earnings have a positive and significant effect on the probability and rate of dividend payments. However, the results of the study do not show significant evidence that retained earnings have a stronger effect on the probability and firm level of paying dividends. Dalam teori siklus hidup perusahaan dinyatakan bahwa Perusahaan yang berada pada tahap mapan memiliki kemampuan dalam menghasilkan uang melebihi kemampuannya dalam menemukan peluang investasi yang menguntungkan. Perusahaan tersebut akan mendistribusikan aliran kas secara optimal kepada stakeholders berupa pembayaran dividen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh rasio laba ditahan (diprosi dengan retained earnings to total equity) terhadap probabilitas dan tingkat pembayaran dividen berdasarkan siklus hidup perusahaan. Perusahaan yang listed di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2012 – 2016 ditetapkan sebagai objek penelitian. Sedangkan, sampel dipilih menggunakan criteria-kriteria yang dipertimbangkan oleh peneliti (judgment sampling). Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode statistik yaitu regresi probit dan tobit. Hasil penelitian kamimenunjukkan bahwa laba ditahan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap probabilitas dan tingkat pembayaran dividen. Namun, hasil penelitian tidak memberikan bukti yang signifikan bahwa laba ditahan berpengaruh lebih kuat terhadap probabilitas dan tingkat perusahaan mapan membayar dividen.

Dividend is the part of profits of a company, which is distributable among its shareholders according to the decision taken and resolution passed in the meeting of Board of Directors. Dividend policy plays an important role for maintaining good image of company in the capital market and in providing source of low cost finance for financing for the profitable future investment proposals. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the dividend policy adopted by some selected public and private sector banks in India during the period of study March 2006 to March 2015.

For investment decisions is developed larger number of mathematical models. The model has two parts, the function of the criteria and system limitations. Function criterion represents a special way, the aim sought to be achieved by solving problems. Since it expresses the quality of the individual solutions, it serves as a measure of comparison in choosing the best solution. The system consists of a quantitative restriction limiting factors expressed in the functioning of the economic system. These restrictions are a result of limited resources or other characteristics of the system. The system limits determine the scope of permissible solutions rešavanog problems. Mathematical models represent an important and useful tool in determining the price of shares in the context of investment decisions.

Abstract. This study aims to analyze whether dividend, asset growth, firm size and leverage has to effect on stock price volatility at miscellaneous industry companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study is 42 companies in miscellaneous industry sector in 2013 - 2015. The sampling method used in this reason was purposive sampling which resulted 14 companies. Data analyzed using multiple regressions in SPSS application 23. The result of this research showed that dividend payout ratio has positive effect to stock price volatility. The Company that has the ability to pay high dividends will attract many investors to buy shares. This causes the volatility of stock prices become more fluctuate. While asset growth, firm size, and leverage has not effect on stock price volatility. Keywords: asset growth;dividend; firm size; leverage; stock price volatility Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dividen, pertumbuhan asset, ukuran perusahaan dan leverage terhadap volatilitas harga saham pada perusahaan aneka industry di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi penelitian ini terdiri dari 42 perusahaan sektor aneka industry periode 2013-015. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel akhir sebanyak 14 perusahaan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dengan software SPSS 23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dividen payout ratio berpengaruh positif terhadap volatilitas harga saham. Perusahaan yang memiliki kemampuan membayar dividen yang tinggi akan menarik minat investor untuk membeli saham. Hal ini mengakibatkan harga saham menjadi berfluktuasi. Sedangkan variabel pertumbuhan asset, ukuran perusahaan, dan leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap volatilitas harga saham. Kata Kunci: leverage; dividen; pertumbuhan aset; ukuran perusahaan; volatilitas harga saham

In theory, the stock price is correlated with the movement of the price of goods on the market. In inflationary conditions or circumstances that inflation predicts growing demand for the shares, as the shares are considered to be protected from inflation because they believe that stock prices and dividends following the growth in commodity prices. Thus, inflation affects the increase in the share price. A similar movement and the impact of exchange rate of the domestic currency. Actions are the best known and most significant owner of the capital market financial instrument. Possession of action means having part ownership of the company. The value of shares when its broadcast called face value. It serves to express its owner's proportionate share of the total capital and is the only accounting category. The market value of stocks is almost always different from the nominal value and the book value of the market value of the stock. The value of shares in the company on the market (market value of the shares) changes daily trading on the stock exchange and the business depends on the fate of the company, current business and prospects that it has, but also by market factors on which the company has no influence. Price action is not only a simple level of prices in the financial markets, but also indicates the quality and efficiency of business management company that issued the shares. Otherwise, mass actions represent securities issued in a number of several thousand copies, in proportion to the capital of the company, ie, certain enterprises. Since stock prices virtually talking about business quality, effectiveness and efficient management of the company, it is clear that this is a complex parameter. For investment decisions is developed larger number of mathematical models. The model has two parts, the function of the criteria and system limitations. Function criterion represents a special way, the aim sought to be achieved by solving problems. Since it expresses the quality of the individual solutions, it serves as a measure of comparison in choosing the best solution. The system consists of a quantitative restriction limiting factors expressed in the functioning of the economic system. These restrictions are a result of limited resources or other characteristics of the system. The system limits determine the scope of permissible solutions rešavanog problems. Mathematical models represent an important and useful tool in determining the price of shares in the context of investment decisions.

The Author of the article presents the results of research devoted to the forms of transfer of profit to shareholders of the companies quoted at Warsaw Stock Exchange in the period 2009–2013. The Author concluded that there are features in the group of dividend companies and another group – that of dividend companies which additionally execute share redemption and cancellation – which make them different.

The article analyses inter-dependencies between dividend, capital structure, and cost of capital, factoring the ownership structure of listed firms in India, using 3SLS system approach. The study finds that family firms are dominant with concentrated ownership. Dividend, leverage, and average cost of capital are inter-linked. However, family firms pay lower dividends, consistent with family owners extracting rent from external minority shareholders. Additionally, these firms have high leverage and lower cost of capital, suggesting that family control (reputation) provides intangible value to the firms. Ownership structure plays a critical role in understanding the policy decisions in emerging markets.

We examine stock prices and the number of stocks traded around ex-dividend dates of German stocks with tax-free dividend. Tax-free dividends are temporarily tax-exempt, as they reduce the initial purchasing price of a stock. With our analysis of this particular group of German stocks, we can make clear predictions regarding ex-date prices and analyze the number of stocks traded around ex-dates, doing so without the systematic bias of cum-ex trades over time. For XETRA, our empirical results indicate that ex-date prices decline, on average, by the amount of the dividend. We do not find a significant relationship between a stock’s price-drop ratio and dividend yield. Further, the empirical analysis suggests that there is no significant correlation between an abnormal number of a stock being traded and its dividend yield. These results are most consistent with tax-motivated reasoning. However, our volume analysis reveals no consistency regarding the abnormal number of stocks traded for multilateral trading facilities.