Search

[Objective]The effects of nutrient elements N, P, K and B on growth of 17-months-old Eucalyptus cloeziana plantation were studied in order to select well treatment to tree growth and provide fertilization. [Method]In this study, the three essential nutrients N, P, K and trace element B were used as experimental factors. Orthogonal experimental design was used to construct experimental treatment including control (no fertilization). The optimal fertilization treatment was selected according to the growth changes before and after fertilization under all treatments. [Result]The results of the experiment showed that 600 d after fertilization, the order of elements effect on growth was P, B, K, N. The order of elements effect on tree height and volume was P, K, N, B. There were significant differences in DBH, height and volume growth between fertilization treatment and control and between different fertilization treatments. The growth of DBH, tree height and volume of treatments ⑧, ⑨, ④ and ⑤ were all rank 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th, respectively. The growth of control was the least. According to the analysis results of fertilizer efficiency and tree growth of each treatment, treatment ④ was selected as the best fertilization treatment in this experiment, which DBH, tree height and volume were 36. 4%, 11. 7% and 54. 3% higher than control, respectively. [Conclusion]Fertilization treatment ④ can be used as a reference to topdressing young E. cloeziana that application rates of total amount of available nutrients 460. 25 g / plant(N 34. 2%, P 26. 6%, K 38. 0%, B 1. 2%), releasing in two years and once a year, and the first dose accounted for 42. 9% and the second dose accounted for 57. 1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nativa is the property of Revista Nativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper studied the impact of integrated plant nutrients management strategy (IPNM) on the agricultural return during current Syrian crisis through the application of camel manure and chemical fertilizers on the black cumin quantitatively and qualitatively. The fertilization treatments were denoted as T2 [N120-P30-K30], T3 [N120-P30-K60], T4 [5 t. ha-1camel manure], and T5 (1/2 [T3 + T4]), respectively. The no-fertilizer treatment (T1) was considered as control. Soil fertility, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and oil content were considered. Results have showed that organic manure(camel dung)decreased soil pH and OC/ON ratio and increased the availability of nutrients in the soil. What led the black cumin to respond by significantly increasing the following productive parameters: plant height, roots depth, number of primary and secondary branches,..etc. The treatment T5 recorded the highest IWUE values (5.2 and 6.2 kg.ha-1.mm-1) and the best oil content (33.3% and 34.2%) in the two seasons, respectively. Furthermore, the applied IPNM strategy had remarkably increased fertilization efficiency and economical feasibility (profit/total costs) in the order of T5>T4>T3>T2 compared to T1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This field experiment is arranged in a split-split plot based on a randomized complete block design replicated three times during the growing season of 2019 at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. Nitrogen fertilizer rates (no-application, 50%, and 100%; 0, 75, and 150 kg urea per hectare) serve as the main factor, inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria (non-inoculation and inoculation with Pantoea agglomerans) as sub factor, and different fenugreek and black cumin cropping systems (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) as sub-sub factor. Biomass, yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), agronomy efficiency of fertilizer (AEF), and land equivalent ratio (LER) are determined. The results show that the highest biomass and NUE of studied plants are obtained from 100% fertilization and bacteria inoculation in monoculture. The total LER is also significantly improved by fertilization (between 28-51%) and bacteria inoculation (23%), showing a higher advantageous in 25:75 and 50:50 cropping patterns with LER values of 1.732 and 1.688, respectively. In contrast, reducing 50% of fertilization under bacterial inoculation increases the AEF, especially in fenugreek monoculture. Fertilization increasing the total NUE and bacteria inoculation results in the highest NUE, particularly at increased ratios of fenugreek. Fenugreek:black cumin cropping ratio of 25:75 under 100% N fertilization and bacteria inoculation with LER ح 2 has been the best treatment combination for gaining maximum overall productivity. Fertilization with 50% N inoculated with bacteria in the same cropping pattern can be recommended when fertilizer application is restricted. The present research suggests that the integrated application of bacteria and fertilization can enhance the overall efficiency of intercropping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objectives were to study characteristics of the fruit (weight, percentage of husk/grain), to determine the concentration and accumulation of nutrients in the fruits, grain and husk, and to verify the existence of genetic diversity in Coffea canephora genotypes. The experiment was conducted with 20 genotypes in a four-year-old plantation, in a randomized block design with four replications and five plants per plot. The fruits were oven-dried, depulped (husk separated from the grain) and sent to a laboratory for nutritional analysis. Macronutrients N and K were the most accumulated/exported in fruits, respectively. In addition, the different genotype control cycles influenced the accumulation of nutrients in the fruits. There was genetic diversity among the 20 C. canephora genotypes, studied for the characteristics of concentration and percentage of grain/straw nutrients in the fruit. Genotypes 2, 8 and 13 were the ones with the greatest genetic distance, consequently they are the most dissimilar when compared to the other genotypes. Genotypes 8 and 1 stand out for having a higher proportion of fruit weight in relation to grains. Therefore, they are the genotypes that need a smaller amount of fruit to produce 1000 kg of ground coffee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field experiment was conducted in the central-eastern Poland. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of low-energy lignite organic matter applied to the preceding crop in the form of an organomineral fertilizer on the treatment optimization of Zea mays L. maize grown for silage. Two factors were taken into account in the research: factor I—five fertilization plots control plot—without fertilization (1), NPKMgS (2), NPKMgS + N1(3), NPKMgS + N2 (4), NPKMgS + N3 (5); factor II—three varieties of Zea mays L. Nitrogen was applied as fertilizers 3, 4 and 5 at doses of N1-20, N2-40 and N3-60 kg per hectare. In the spring each year, selected plots were pre-sown with mineral fertilizers at doses of 100 kg·N, 35 kg·P, 125 kg·K, 12 kg·Mg and 14 kg·S per hectare. Organomineral fertilizer based on low-energy lignite was applied to the preceding crop (maize grown for silage) on two plots, in 1 and 5 t·ha−1 doses. Mineral fertilizers used in research significantly reduced the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur in the dry matter of plants. The uptake of the nutrients reached the highest values for maize treated with NPKMgS + N1, NPKMgS + N2 and NPKMgS + N3. The agronomic efficiency (AE) of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur, all of which were applied in the form of the polyfoska® fertilizer, M-MAKS (NPKMgS), potassium salt and urea, reached the highest values for plots treated with NPKMgS + N1 and NPKMgS + N2. In turn, the treatment of NPKMgS and NPKMgS + N3 with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur resulted in the highest values of physiological efficiency (PE). Based on the three-year research carried out with the use of polyfoska® M-MAKS (NPKMgS), potassium salt and urea in the fertilization of maize grown for silage, it is possible to recommend the optimal dose of NPKMgS + N1 mineral fertilizers (100-35-125-12-14 pre-sowing, 20 kg top dressing N) and NPKMgS + N2 (pre-sowing 100-35-125-12-14, top dressing 40 kg·N). The low-energy lignite applied to the preceding crop in doses of 1 t and 5 t at the NPKMgS + N1 and NPKMgS + N2 plots contributed to the achievement of the analyzed parameters (uptake, AE and AE) at a high level. The field experiment was conducted in the central-eastern Poland. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of low-energy lignite organic matter applied to the preceding crop in the form of an organomineral fertilizer on the treatment optimization of Zea mays L. maize grown for silage. Two factors were taken into account in the research: factor I—five fertilization plots control plot—without fertilization (1), NPKMgS (2), NPKMgS + N1(3), NPKMgS + N2 (4), NPKMgS + N3 (5); factor II—three varieties of Zea mays L. Nitrogen was applied as fertilizers 3, 4 and 5 at doses of N1-20, N2-40 and N3-60 kg per hectare. In the spring each year, selected plots were pre-sown with mineral fertilizers at doses of 100 kg·N, 35 kg·P, 125 kg·K, 12 kg·Mg and 14 kg·S per hectare. Organomineral fertilizer based on low-energy lignite was applied to the preceding crop (maize grown for silage) on two plots, in 1 and 5 t·ha−1 doses. Mineral fertilizers used in research significantly reduced the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur in the dry matter of plants. The uptake of the nutrients reached the highest values for maize treated with NPKMgS + N1, NPKMgS + N2 and NPKMgS + N3. The agronomic efficiency (AE) of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur, all of which were applied in the form of the polyfoska® fertilizer, M-MAKS (NPKMgS), potassium salt and urea, reached the highest values for plots treated with NPKMgS + N1 and NPKMgS + N2. In turn, the treatment of NPKMgS and NPKMgS + N3 with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur resulted in the highest values of physiological efficiency (PE). Based on the three-year research carried out with the use of polyfoska® M-MAKS (NPKMgS), potassium salt and urea in the fertilization of maize grown for silage, it is possible to recommend the optimal dose of NPKMgS + N1 mineral fertilizers (100-35-125-12-14 pre-sowing, 20 kg top dressing N) and NPKMgS + N2 (pre-sowing 100-35-125-12-14, top dressing 40 kg·N). The low-energy lignite applied to the preceding crop in doses of 1 t and 5 t at the NPKMgS + N1 and NPKMgS + N2 plots contributed to the achievement of the analyzed parameters (uptake, AE and AE) at a high level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study has been elaborated with the aim of justifying the high efficiency of in-situ slaughterhouse sludge recycling and its usage in Lolium perenne cultures. Stabilized slaughterhouse sludge was used to complete the high deficiency in nutrients of the poor terrains. Slaughterhouse sludge represents an excessive, final by product from a meat-processing unit in Western Romania. It contains 59.78-90.77% easily bio-degradable organic substances. Moreover, it has compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus, total N=1.922-3.318%, total P=1107-1126mg*kg‘ 'D.M. The experimental variants have been prepared, having the following characteristics: control variants of non fertilized soils and variants of soils fertilized with slaughterhouse sludge, 50t*ha''. The experimental variants used were arranged in a completely randomized block design, with three replicates each. The efficiency of fertilization with slaughterhouse sludge was a 30-35% rise in the quantity of grass harvested vs. the quantities harvested from the control variants. The quantity of Cd and Pb has been determined from the aerial parts of the harvested plants and they were below the maximum limit admitted by the sanitary regulations in Romania. Cr didn’t bio-accumulate in plants at a detection limit. The quantity of other metals determined from the aerial parts of the plants was low: i.e.

A field experiment was carried out during the autumn season of 2020 in the experiment station of the Field Crops Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, to knowing the response of four sorghum varieties (Buhooth-70, Lilo, Inqath and Rabih) to the combinations of potassium fertilizer added to the soil and foliarspraying: K0 = without addition (control treatment), K1 = addition of the recommended potassium fertilizer (200 g K to the soil, half of it was added in the vegetative growth stage and the other half in the flag leaf stage), K2 = addition 1/3 of the fertilizer recommendation + spraying of 2 g of potassium sulfate) and K3 (addition1/3 of the fertilizer recommendation + spraying of 3 g of potassium sulfate). The results showed that the Buhooth-70 variety was significantly superior and recorded the highest means of grains number (2858.0 grain head-1), weight of 1000 grains (28.01 g), grain yield (6.40 tons ha-1) and yield efficiency (0.0867 g cm-2). Also, the results showed that the K3 treatment was significantly superior and achieved the highest means of weight of 1000 grains (27.35 g) and grain yield (5.28 tons ha-1). The interaction between sorghum varieties and potassium fertilizer treatments had a significant effect on the all studied traits exceptleaves content of potassium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen fertilization is an efficient practice to improve pasture productivity and quality. However, the efficiency of Nitrogen (N) application depends on favorable climatic conditions. Thus, in the present work, a metanalytic study was used to summarize and analyze data on nitrogen fertilization in forage species: elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and panicum grass [Megathyrsus maximus (Syn. Panicum maximum)], in order to determine the critical levels and recommended doses of nutrients for the rational use of fertilizers in forage plants, whether in pastures or weeds. Therefore, in this study, a systematic review was used, which is a type of investigation, for which research works carried out in Brazil between 2010 and 2020 were considered, including only scientific articles and dissertations. Based on the data from these studies, the relative increments of dry matter and crude protein in relation to the control treatment and the efficiency of nitrogen use in the production of dry matter and crude protein were calculated. All data collected were submitted to analysis of variance for linear and quadratic effects on each of the variables and, in case of significance, regression analysis was performed. Nitrogen fertilization in Pennisetum purpureum and Megathyrsus maximus provides consistent increases in dry matter and crude protein production, however above 1000 kg of nitrogen ha-1 there is a compromise in the efficiency of dry matter production. With a view to reducing losses due to the lower efficiency in crude protein production, it is important to verify that above 500 kg of nitrogen, there is a drastic reduction in the efficiency of crude protein production by Pennisetum purpureum. For all nitrogen doses, there is a drastic reduction in crude protein production efficiency by Megathyrsus maximus in relation to the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objectives were to study characteristics of the fruit (weight, percentage of husk/grain), to determine the concentration and accumulation of nutrients in the fruits, grain and husk, and to verify the existence of genetic diversity in Coffea canephora genotypes. The experiment was conducted with 20 genotypes in a four-year-old plantation, in a randomized block design with four replications and five plants per plot. The fruits were oven-dried, depulped (husk separated from the grain) and sent to a laboratory for nutritional analysis. Macronutrients N and K were the most accumulated/exported in fruits, respectively. In addition, the different genotype control cycles influenced the accumulation of nutrients in the fruits. There was genetic diversity among the 20 C. canephora genotypes, studied for the characteristics of concentration and percentage of grain/straw nutrients in the fruit. Genotypes 2, 8 and 13 were the ones with the greatest genetic distance, consequently they are the most dissimilar when compared to the other genotypes. Genotypes 8 and 1 stand out for having a higher proportion of fruit weight in relation to grains. Therefore, they are the genotypes that need a smaller amount of fruit to produce 1000 kg of ground coffee.

Different fertilization levels can be used according to the intensity of the plant production technology. The interactions among all the essential nutrients, the different ways of antagonisms and synergisms can weaken or strengthen the physiological processes of the plants, affecting significantly the efficiency of the production. Complex mineral profile of the vegetative (stalk, leaves) at V2, V4, V8, VT and R6 stages in 4 replications and generative (grain, cob -R6 stage only) plant parts of maize were determined in accredited laboratory with ICP-MS, ICP-OES microwave-assisted multielement analysis for metal components (P, K, mg, Ca, S, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Mo) and Dumas method for nitrogen. Results showed that the effect of different nitrogen fertilization levels was significant on grain yield, protein, oil and moisture content. Significant differences were measured between the different maize genotypes in grain yield, protein and starch content. In the experiment all essential nutrient concentrations were measured, and the important nutrient ratios of macro- and micronutrients for the physiological development of maize were calculated. These nutrient stoichiometric ratios were evaluated according to their scale of influence in the yield formation. It can be concluded that different nitrogen fertilization levels affected significantly the essential nutrient ratios of the vegetative and generative plant parts of three maize hybrids in the growth period. Although different variables of nutrient stoichiometric ratios and yield parameters did not highly correlated, Pearson's correlations suggest that K:Mg and K:Zn ratio of stalk would be related with grain yield (R = 0.32; 0.34; 0.39 and 0.35; 0.37; 0.30, respectively) marking them as important parameters for novel nutrient stoichiometry research. Analysing the optimal nutrient ratios related to the yield quality and their interaction with the fertilization practices can give certain recommendations to the farmers to implement hybrid- and site-specific nutrient management strategies, reducing the environmental impact of the over-fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field experiment was conducted in the central-eastern Poland. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of low-energy lignite organic matter applied to the preceding crop in the form of an organomineral fertilizer on the treatment optimization of Zea mays L. maize grown for silage. Two factors were taken into account in the research: factor I—five fertilization plots control plot—without fertilization (1), NPKMgS (2), NPKMgS + N1(3), NPKMgS + N2 (4), NPKMgS + N3 (5); factor II—three varieties of Zea mays L. Nitrogen was applied as fertilizers 3, 4 and 5 at doses of N1-20, N2-40 and N3-60 kg per hectare. In the spring each year, selected plots were pre-sown with mineral fertilizers at doses of 100 kg·N, 35 kg·P, 125 kg·K, 12 kg·Mg and 14 kg·S per hectare. Organomineral fertilizer based on low-energy lignite was applied to the preceding crop (maize grown for silage) on two plots, in 1 and 5 t·ha−1 doses. Mineral fertilizers used in research significantly reduced the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur in the dry matter of plants. The uptake of the nutrients reached the highest values for maize treated with NPKMgS + N1, NPKMgS + N2 and NPKMgS + N3. The agronomic efficiency (AE) of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur, all of which were applied in the form of the polyfoska® fertilizer, M-MAKS (NPKMgS), potassium salt and urea, reached the highest values for plots treated with NPKMgS + N1 and NPKMgS + N2. In turn, the treatment of NPKMgS and NPKMgS + N3 with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur resulted in the highest values of physiological efficiency (PE). Based on the three-year research carried out with the use of polyfoska® M-MAKS (NPKMgS), potassium salt and urea in the fertilization of maize grown for silage, it is possible to recommend the optimal dose of NPKMgS + N1 mineral fertilizers (100-35-125-12-14 pre-sowing, 20 kg top dressing N) and NPKMgS + N2 (pre-sowing 100-35-125-12-14, top dressing 40 kg·N). The low-energy lignite applied to the preceding crop in doses of 1 t and 5 t at the NPKMgS + N1 and NPKMgS + N2 plots contributed to the achievement of the analyzed parameters (uptake, AE and AE) at a high level.

Peanut plants use nitrogen sources from the atmosphere with the help of Rhizobium bacteria. Rhizobium was requiring P elements for root nodules formation. This study aims to determine the effects of the application of mycorrhizae at different levels that play an essential role in increasing P elemental uptake and rhizobia inoculants to improve N element fixation and root nodule formation. Rhizobia inoculant applications were allotted to main plots and levels of mycorrhizae to the subplots under each main plot. Three types of rhizobia applications viz., soaking (A1), spraying (A2), soaking and spraying (A3) and four levels of mycorrhizae doses viz., 0 g plant-1 (M0), 10 g plant-1 (M1), 15 g plant-1 (M2), 20 g plant-1 (M3). The results indicated that the application of Rhizobium at various doses of mycorrhizae together had a significant effect on plant height 70 d (A2M1 = 53.96 cm), leaf number 70 d (A1M3 = 42.75), leaf N content (A3M3 = 5.36 g 100 g-1), leaf P content (A3M3 = 0.418 g 100 g-1), leaf K content (A3M3 = 0.273 g 100 g-1), number of root nodules (A3M0 = 120), and weight of fresh pods plant-1 (A1M3 = 33.67 g). That application can enhance root nodules and had increased NPK uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Mineral N fertilization required to reach 90% of the lettuce maximum yield is smaller than the official recommendation. • The maximum yield and nitrate accumulation of lettuce is determined mainly by the cropping season, rather than the N fertilization dose. • The current recommended dose of N fertilizer is up to 120 kg N ha-1, and may lead to high N leaching. The low efficiency of N fertilization in soils used to grow vegetables and the consequent need to add high levels of the nutrient are the major cause of nitrate contamination of groundwater and freshwater, which calls for practices to increase N fertilization efficiency in these crops. Two experiments were carried out in Jaboticabal, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of topdressing N fertilization on crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa) yield, nitrate accumulation in plant shoots, and soil nitrogen leaching in two growing seasons, summer and winter. Both experiments were designed as randomized blocks with seven treatments and five replications (35 plots). The treatments were seven different rates of topdressing N. The rates of N application were 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 kg N ha -1 in the form of urea, applied 8 (20%), 16 (40%), and 24 (40%) days after transplanting. Lettuce was harvested 34 and 42 d after transplanting in the summer and winter, respectively. Plant nitrate concentrations were determined in dry matter. After the harvest, soil samples were collected at the 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm layers to quantify nitrogen in the forms of ammonium and nitrate. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and nonlinear regression analysis. Better use of topdressing nitrogen fertilization for lettuce growth was observed at rates lower than 60 kg N ha -1. Rates of N up to 180 kg N ha -1 did not elevate lettuce nitrate concentrations over the levels allowed for consumption but increased the amount of nitrogen lost through leaching. Decreasing N rates resulted in a similar yield and lower nitrogen leaching, improving both the environmental and economic aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salah satu upaya alternatif untuk meningkatkan kualitas lahan sawah yang telah terdegradasi adalah mengaplikasikan zeolit dan dolomit yang dikombinasi dengan pengelolaan bahan organik serta sistem pemupukan berimbang yang spesifik lokasi berdasarkan uji tanah dan kebutuhan tanaman. Pemanfaatan pembenah tanah untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan pada lahan sawah perlu dilakukan, sebab kegiatan intensifikasi dan estensifikasi pertanian dari program Bimas dan Inmas yang kurang mengindahkan kaidah pemupukan berimbang telah mengakibatkan semakin merosotnya kualitas lahan sawah, sehingga terjadi fenomena levelling off. Penelitian dilakukan di Lampung Tengah dengan tujuan 1) mengetahui tingkat efisiensi pemupukan di tingkat petani sebagai dampak dari penggunaan zeolit dan dolomit, : (2) mengetahui pengaruh pemberian zeolit dan dolomit terhadap perbaikan sifat-sifat tanah dan produktivitas lahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei, yakni pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuisioner terstruktur guna mengungkap karakteristik petani, identifikasi, dan prospek zeolit dan dolomit di masa depan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa jenis zeolit dan dolomit yang dikenal dan digunakan adalah: Zeolit Agro 2000, ZP.30 (Zeolit yang diperkaya hara P) dan dolomit. Penggunaan zeolit dan dolomit bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman padi sekitar 10-30%. One of alternative efforts to increase rice field soils quality which have degradated is through applying zeolit and dolomite combined with organic matter management along with spesific location balanced fertilizer system based on soil testing and nutrients need for the crop. Study of soil conditioner utilization for increasing fertilizer efficiency on paddy soils must be done, because agriculture intensive and extensive activity of Bimas and Inmas program did not considered the principles of balanced fertilizer which consequences the decreasing of paddy soils quality, finally lead to the occurrence a levelling off phenomenon. The research had been conducted in Centre Lampung district with the objectives, (1) to know fertilizer efficiency at the farmer level as the impact of zeolit and dolomite utilizing. (2) to know the efect of the soil physic and chemical and land productivity. The research method used was survey methods, its mean that data collected pass through interview with the structure questioner to know farmer’s characteristics, identification, and soils conditioner development prospect in the future. The results of this research found that, the kind of zeolit and dolomite which had been known and used were Zeolit Agro 2000, ZP.30 (enriched zeolit with P nutrient) and dolomite. Zeolit and dolomite utilization in both districts had benefit to increase rice crop production more or less 10-30%.

This study presents the results of a four-year field experiment assessing the effectiveness of phosphorus application in maize cultivation according to the depth of two-component fertilizer (NP) placement in the soil layer, type of nitrogen fertilizer and date of application. Nitrogen utilization from mineral fertilizer was low—on average, 37.1% during the four years of research. The nitrogen metabolism index, measuring the agricultural and physiological efficiency of nitrogen use, confirmed the significant impact of NP fertilizer placement at 10 and 5 cm as optimal in maize fertilization. The use of nitrogen in maize cultivation before sowing, compared to the application of this component at the phase of 5-6 leaves BBCH 15/16 stage (stage of leaf development with five–six leaves unfolded), significantly increased the agricultural and physiological effectiveness of nitrogen applied in mineral fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate application before sowing the maize, compared to top dressing at the BBCH 15/16 stage, significantly increased nitrogen uptake and utilization from mineral fertilizer. Date of urea fertilizer application to the soil did not have a significant impact on these indicators in maize cultivation.

Optimization of fertilization enables to obtain a yield of high quality and quantity, brings economic profits, and reduces environmental threats. The aim of the three-year field experiment was to determine the efficiency of fertilization with a new fertilizer available on the Polish market and containing nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) in proportions designed for cereals cultivation (30% N and 6% S as ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate). Other treatments included no fertilization; fertilization with ammonium nitrate (34% N); fertilization with standard nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer with N supplementation with ammonium nitrate. Nitrogen doses were 150, 200, and 250 kg N ha−1. Sulfur was applied in doses of 30, 40, and 50 kg S ha−1. A beneficial effect of using fertilizer containing N and S in proportions designed for cereals cultivation was observed. The highest mean optimal nitrogen dose and maximum winter wheat yield were recorded for the new fertilizer (217 kg N ha−1 and 8251 kg ha−1, respectively). Sulfur supplementation with the new fertilizer significantly increased apparent nitrogen recovery (mean values 48.9%, 44.6%, and 40.6% for doses 150, 200, and 250 kg N ha−1, respectively), agronomic efficiency (11.1 and 8.6 kg kg−1 N for doses 200 and 250 kg N ha−1, respectively), and physiological efficiency (24.7 kg kg−1 N for dose 200 kg N ha−1).

The key technical problem of variable rate fertilizer system based on spectrum information was precise variable fertilization in certain area according to the acquired spectrum information. Hysteretic fertilizing is a critical problem in most of current fertilizer equipment. Hysteresis model was built and analyzed in this study to improve the system. Fertilizing tests were conducted on different wheat breeds and the results were analyzed. The tests showed that variable rate fertilizer had obvious hysteresis phenomenon with the maximum lag distance of 3.82 m, the minimum lag distance of 1.73 m and average of 3.06 m. Hysteresis phenomenon of the variable rate fertilizer system was obviously decreased when implanting a correction time of 2.04 s with the maximum lag distance of 0.61 m. Variable effects varied by different wheat breeds. Variable rate fertilizer had an advantage of improving spatial differences of Yangmai-23, and the spatial variability of which decreased by 14.23%. In the small test area, the amount of fertilizer in Zhenmai-168 decreased by 2.84 kg, while the amount of which in Yangmai-23 increased by 3.83 kg. Yield of Zhenmai-168 in small area was lower than that in traditional pattern, but the condition of Yangmai-23 was on the contrary. Valuable information for increasing performance of fertilization in variable rate fertilizer system was provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Recovering nutrients from wastewater contributes to sustainable city development. • MPP precipitation can simultaneously recover P and K from wastewater. • A relatively low MPP dosage is beneficial for ryegrass growth in laterite. • MPP can advance the germination time and chlorophyll contents of ryegrass. • Soil nutrient loss using MPP is clearly lower than those using MKP. Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are the two main nutrients of plants. It is of great significance to recover P and K from wastewater, which can reduce phosphate and potash ore mining and ensure secure fertilizer supply for the sustainable development of cities. The potassium magnesium phosphate (MgKPO 4 ·6H 2 O; MPP) is recovered from wastewater. The current work systematically assessed the fertilizer efficiency of MPP by investigating its effect on seed germination, root development and growth of ryegrass. The experimental results showed that MPP promoted the growth of ryegrass at a relatively lower dosage (0.3 g MPP/pot). Compared with the commercial fertilizer of KH 2 PO 4 (MKP), MPP shortened the germination time of ryegrass and increased the content of chlorophyll because it also contained magnesium. The loss rate of P in MPP was 12.66% lower than that in the MKP. When MPP was used, the soil's acidity was improved with the pH value of 6.75. Indeed, MPP was an effective fertilizer that could promote the growth of ryegrass, reduce the loss of nutrients and slightly improve the soil acidity. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop the crystallization of MPP for recycling P and K from wastewater, which favors the sustainable development of cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise diagnosis and prognosis of phosphorus (P) nutrition are essentials to improve P use efficiency and sustainability in potato cropping systems. Here, variable potato crop responses of 13 field experiments (2011–2022) were assessed to determine critical soil P-resin (SP resin) and potato leaf P (LP) concentrations to achieve maximum tuber yield in tropical Oxisols. The study comprised four experiments with the factorial design of potato cultivars in response to P fertilization rates and nine experiments with P fertilization rates as fixed effects. Relationships between initial SP resin test, LP measured at the third or fourth expanded leaf stage (i.e., 29–37 days after emergence, DAE), and relative total fresh tuber yield (RY) (yield of control/yield at highest P rate) were analyzed using linear-plateau, Mitscherlich, and quadratic-plateau regression models. A wide range of total fresh tuber yield (3.2–59 Mg ha-1) and LP (1.3–5.7 g P kg-1) were observed across experiments. The LP values in control plots was positively related with initial SP resin , reaching a maximum LP of 3.8 g P kg-1 at an initial SP resin of 80 mg P dm-3 (averaged across models). The relationship between RY and initial SP resin was significant in the three regression models (p < 0.05; R 2 = 0.71–0.74). Maximum tuber yield was reached with the SP resin value of 93 mg P dm-3 (averaged across models). Across experiments and P fertilization rates, relationships between RY and LP were significantly described in the three regression models (p < 0.05; R 2 = 0.55–0.67). The critical LP of 4.5 g P kg-1, obtained from the average across models, is proposed as the optimum indicator of potato P nutritional status to achieve maximum tuber yields in tropical Oxisols. These are the first critical P thresholds on a soil and environmental-specific conditions base available for tropical conditions in Brazil, timely informative in terms of optimization of P management to maximize tuber yield and P use efficiency, and minimize the risk of environmental P contamination. • Data from 13 experiments were used to assess potato crop response to P fertilization. • A wide range of tuber yield (3.2–59 Mg ha-1) and leaf P concentration (1.3–5.7 g P kg-1) were observed across experiments. • No further positive yield response was observed when initial soil P-resin was above the critical threshold of 93 mg P dm-3. • Leaf concentration of 4.5 g P kg-1 is proposed as indicator of optimum P nutritional status for potatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years the positive results of mycorrhizal inoculant application in different crops and their integration with the mineral fertilization schemes have increased. In order to establish an integrated plant nutrition system for the cultivation of Manihot esculenta Crantz, including also green manure and low doses of mineral fertilizer, two field experiments were carried out on Ferralitic Red Lixiviated Soils. In the first one, five levels of mineral fertilizer were studied, in the presence or not of the inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus cubense/ INCAM-4, in a random block design with factorial arrangement and four replicates. In the second, Canavalia ensiformis was introduced as a green manure, preceded and intercalated, and 12 treatments were studied, consisting of mycorrhizal inoculation or not of canavalia and cassava in the presence of a fixed fertilization fund of NPK corresponding to 25 % of fertilization recommended for cassava. Treatments with four doses of fertilizers (0, 25, 50 and 100 % NPK) were also included in a randomized block design with four replicates. The inoculation decreased the fertilizer quantities by 33 % in order to obtain high yields and increased its agronomic efficiency by 67 %, with the crop showing a good mycorrhizal function. The inclusion of the previous and intercalated inoculated canavalia decreased in another 33 % plus the amounts of mineral fertilizer, with a positive response to the intercalation in the yield (P <0,05 %) and doubling the agronomic efficiency of fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study has been elaborated with the aim of justifying the high efficiency of in-situ slaughterhouse sludge recycling and its usage in Lolium perenne cultures. Stabilized slaughterhouse sludge was used to complete the high deficiency in nutrients of the poor terrains. Slaughterhouse sludge represents an excessive, final by product from a meat-processing unit in Western Romania. It contains 59.78-90.77% easily bio-degradable organic substances. Moreover, it has compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus, total N=1.922-3.318%, total P=1107-1126mg•kg-1D.M. The experimental variants have been prepared, having the following characteristics: control variants of nonfertilized soils and variants of soils fertilized with slaughterhouse sludge, 50t•ha-1. The experimental variants used were arranged in a completely randomized block design, with three replicates each. The efficiency of fertilization with slaughterhouse sludge was a 30-35% rise in the quantity of grass harvested vs. the quantities harvested from the control variants. The quantity of Cd and Pb has been determined from the aerial parts of the harvested plants and they were below the maximum limit admitted by the sanitary regulations in Romania. Cr didn't bio-accumulate in plants at a detection limit. The quantity of other metals determined from the aerial parts of the plants was low: i.e. <10mg•kg-1D.M. for Cu or Ni <50mg•kg-1D.M. for Zn, <150mg•kg-1D.M.for Mn. Green feed harvested from fields fertilized with slaughterhouse sludge can be part of animal nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of Commercial Biofertilizer 1 (CBF1) on the growth and yield of caisim (Brassica sp.) was examined in the greenhouse of Indonesian Soil Research Institute in Bogor. The completely randomized design (CRD) was performed to examine the effects of Commercial Biofertilizer 1 (CBF1) on Fertilization Efficiency in Ultisols. The treatments were consists of 10 combinations between NPK-recommendation (NPK-rec) and CBF1, with six replications. The experiment was conducted from August to October 2009. The result showed that CBF I increased the yields of caisim when combining by fertilizer NPK-rec, while giving CBF1 alone did not significantly increases yields compare to control (without fertilizer). Giving ¾ dosage NPK-rec. + CBF1 had RAE value 163%, indicating the effectiveness of CBF1 was optimum, that it reduce the need of NPK fertilizer by 25% by providing the increasing of yield 63% compared to NPK rec. The higher the level of NPK-rec. the lower the efficiency of fertilization. CBF1 had given effectives on yields when it was combined by inorganic fertilizer. However, when it was not combined with inorganic fertilizers, it would harm plants and decreased the soil nutrients. The influence of biofertilizer in plants were predictable unpredictable, while the influent of inorganic fertilizers were predictable.

Explaining the evolution and maintenance of polyandry remains a key challenge in evolutionary ecology. One appealing explanation is the sexually selected sperm (SSS) hypothesis, which proposes that polyandry evolves due to indirect selection stemming from positive genetic covariance with male fertilization efficiency, and hence with a male's success in postcopulatory competition for paternity. However, the SSS hypothesis relies on verbal analogy with 'sexy-son' models explaining coevolution of female preferences for male displays, and explicit models that validate the basic SSS principle are surprisingly lacking. We developed analogous genetically explicit individual-based models describing the SSS and 'sexy-son' processes. We show that the analogy between the two is only partly valid, such that the genetic correlation arising between polyandry and fertilization efficiency is generally smaller than that arising between preference and display, resulting in less reliable coevolution. Importantly, indirect selection was too weak to cause polyandry to evolve in the presence of negative direct selection. Negatively biased mutations on fertilization efficiency did not generally rescue runaway evolution of polyandry unless realized fertilization was highly skewed toward a single male, and coevolution was even weaker given random mating order effects on fertilization. Our models suggest that the SSS process is, on its own, unlikely to generally explain the evolution of polyandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been previously shown that cumuli oophori around ovulated oocytes of B10.BR-Ydel female mice (sired by males with the deleted Y chromosome) are more resistant to enzymatic treatment than cumuli oophori around eggs of control B10.BR females (having fathers with the intact Y chromosome). This can imply that some genes which influence the establishment of the imprinting pattern in male gametes are located in the region covered by the deletion. We hypothesize that the Y-dependent imprinting pattern, inherited by female offspring, affects stability of periovum layers within them. In the present study, cumulus-oocyte complexes ovulated by females from consomic strains: DBA, DBA-YBR, DBA-Ydel, and CBA, CBA-YBR, CBA-Ydel were tested for their susceptibility to hyaluronidase digestion. The mean times for dispersal of cumulus cells surrounding oocytes of females from the backcross lines were convergent with the times typical for oocytes from strains being the donors of the Y chromosome (B10.BR or B10.BR-Ydel) and differed clearly from pure DBA and CBA strains. It confirmed previous findings that Y chromosomes of fathers influence the properties of cumulus-oocyte complexes ovulated by their daughters. This influence is definitely stronger than the influence of the genetic background. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the cumuli oophori surrounding oocytes of B10.BR-Ydel females exhibit increased resistance to penetration by spermatozoa in vitro, in comparison to the control B10.BR strain. This regularity was reflected in the decreased proportion of fertilized ova recovered from oviducts of B10.BR-Ydel females mated with B10.BR-Ydel males and in the lower litter sizes recorded for these pairs. The excessive stability of cumuli oophori typical for oocytes of females having Ydel fathers may negatively affect their fertility, if they have partners producing poor quality sperm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A mathematical model that simulates the within-vector dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum in an Anopheles mosquito is developed, based on experimental data. The model takes a mosquito''s blood meal as input and computes the salivary gland sporozoite load as the final output, a probable measure of mosquito infectivity. Computational model results are consistent with observed results in nature. Sensitivity analysis of the model parameters suggests that reducing the gametocyte density in the blood meal most significantly lowers sporozoite load in the salivary glands and hence mosquito infectivity, and is thus an attractive target for malaria control. The model is used to investigate the implication of incomplete fertilization on optimal gametocyte sex ratio. For a single strain, the transition from complete fertilization to increasingly incomplete fertilization shifts that ratio from 1 to N, where N is the number of viable male gametes produced by a single male gametocyte, towards 1 to 1, which is demonstrated to be the limiting ratio analytically. This ratio is then shown to be an evolutionarily stable strategy as well in the limiting case. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Water contamination by nitrates has increased international awareness. It is widely accepted that massive fertilizer application is the principal factor responsible for water nitrate contamination. During the last years, Argentina has extraordinarily increased the use of fertilizers, particularly on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, few studies have quantified nitrate losses. Here we report N dynamics in soil fractions and N balance in wheat crops in Marcos Juarez, province of Córdoba (Argentina) with the aim of determining nitrate loss and its possible influence on water contamination. Four treatments were studied to evaluate the combined effect of tillage systems and N fertilizer doses on N losses in soil 0–20cm in depth. The treatments analyzed were: (a) conventional tillage, non-fertilized (CT 0N), (b) no-till and 25kgNha−1 (NT 25N), (c) no-till and 50kgNha−1 (NT 50N), and (d) no-till and 140kgNha−1 (NT 140N). Determinations were: soil total N, NO3 −-N, NH4 +-N, microbial biomass N, crop residue biomass, crop residue N, and grain N. N balance was calculated as the difference in N fractions between harvest and sowing samples. N balance was negative in all treatments evaluated; the highest N loss (−1075kgNha−1) occurred with the highest fertilization rate (140kgNha−1). Losses of microbial and soluble N fractions were significant at the end of the crop cycle in all the treatments analyzed (15 and 40%, respectively), probably due to leaching by high precipitations (250mm). Much of the N lost was soil organic matter N, a fact seldom considered in other N balances. Furthermore, it was observed that neither yield efficiency nor the remaining N increased significantly with the highest fertilization dose (140N). Our data show that high doses of nitrogen fertilizer result in low N utilization efficiency and a high risk of water contamination by nitrates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study presents the results of a four-year field experiment assessing the effectiveness of phosphorus application in maize cultivation according to the depth of two-component fertilizer (NP) placement in the soil layer, type of nitrogen fertilizer and date of application. Nitrogen utilization from mineral fertilizer was low—on average, 37.1% during the four years of research. The nitrogen metabolism index, measuring the agricultural and physiological efficiency of nitrogen use, confirmed the significant impact of NP fertilizer placement at 10 and 5 cm as optimal in maize fertilization. The use of nitrogen in maize cultivation before sowing, compared to the application of this component at the phase of 5-6 leaves BBCH 15/16 stage (stage of leaf development with five–six leaves unfolded), significantly increased the agricultural and physiological effectiveness of nitrogen applied in mineral fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate application before sowing the maize, compared to top dressing at the BBCH 15/16 stage, significantly increased nitrogen uptake and utilization from mineral fertilizer. Date of urea fertilizer application to the soil did not have a significant impact on these indicators in maize cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization of fertilization enables to obtain a yield of high quality and quantity, brings economic profits, and reduces environmental threats. The aim of the three-year field experiment was to determine the efficiency of fertilization with a new fertilizer available on the Polish market and containing nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) in proportions designed for cereals cultivation (30% N and 6% S as ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate). Other treatments included no fertilization; fertilization with ammonium nitrate (34% N); fertilization with standard nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer with N supplementation with ammonium nitrate. Nitrogen doses were 150, 200, and 250 kg N ha−1. Sulfur was applied in doses of 30, 40, and 50 kg S ha−1. A beneficial effect of using fertilizer containing N and S in proportions designed for cereals cultivation was observed. The highest mean optimal nitrogen dose and maximum winter wheat yield were recorded for the new fertilizer (217 kg N ha−1 and 8251 kg ha−1, respectively). Sulfur supplementation with the new fertilizer significantly increased apparent nitrogen recovery (mean values 48.9%, 44.6%, and 40.6% for doses 150, 200, and 250 kg N ha−1, respectively), agronomic efficiency (11.1 and 8.6 kg kg−1 N for doses 200 and 250 kg N ha−1, respectively), and physiological efficiency (24.7 kg kg−1 N for dose 200 kg N ha−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimization of plant nutrition is a very important part of primary production quality systems. Crop fertilization is the most important agrotechnical measure because it determines the amount and quality of the yield. Moreover, excess fertilization intensifies the eutrophication processes and the greenhouse effect. The study aimed to assess the suitability of slow-release fertilizers in cultivation of carrot subspecies Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus in the integrated production system. The objective was realized on the basis of a strict field experiment set up on a clay loam soil with low nutrient content. The dose of fertilizer was the experimental factor. The fertilizers were applied during the formation of the ridges. Traditional fertilizers (ammonium phosphate, potassium salt, ammonium nitrate, and a multi-component fertilizer Polifoska 6), as well as a multi-component fertilizer with slow release of nutrients, NPK Mg (18-12-24-4), were used. In individual variants of the experiment, different fertilization strategies were applied: integrated production fertilization, traditional fertilization, and fertilization based on the use of slow-release fertilizers. The control treatment comprised of unfertilized plants. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilization was evaluated based on agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity, physiological efficiency, and removal efficiency. Fertilization strategy significantly impacted the quantity of obtained yield. In the control sample, prior to mineral fertilization, the crop yield was 33.53 Mg·ha−1. The largest yield was 82.30 Mg·ha−1.The largest yields were obtained from plants fertilized with a combination of slow-release fertilizers, with nitrogen introduced in the form of ammonium phosphate, and through conventional fertilization. The highest productivity and environmental efficiency were obtained in treatments with fertilization according to the principles of integrated production and with slow-release fertilizers. In terms of environmental efficiency, the best results were obtained through nitrogen fertilization using 400 kg of slow-release fertilizers. The use of slow-release fertilizers in carrot cultivation can significantly improve the efficiency of fertilization, both in terms of production and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]