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[Display omitted] • Effect of Gd3+ ion doped Co-Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized. • XRD, and SEM to confirm the nano-range particles with spinel ferrites. • Dielectric studies were conducted. • Advantageous for high frequency device applications. Gadolinium-doped cobalt ferrite (CoGd x Fe 2-x O 4 ; X = 0–0.025 in a 0.005 interval) was synthesised using citrate gel autocombustion. The effect of Gd3+ ions on structural, dielectric, and magnetic characteristics has been investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV), an impedance (dielectric) analyzer, and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterise the as-synthesised materials. X-ray diffraction powder patterns were used to confirm phase identification and spinel structure, and the Williamson-Hall plot was used to investigate the crystalline size and lattice strain on the peak broadening of each sample, with crystalline size ranging from 13 to 48 nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs demonstrate particle agglomeration, while energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX) pictures indicate the purity and existence of all elements in the created material samples. The frequency-dependent dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and AC electrical conductivity in the frequency range 50 Hz–1 MHz. The behaviour of dielectric properties has been studied using the Maxwell-Wagner model and Koop's theory. Because of this, higher frequencies show less dielectric loss, making them appropriate for use in high-frequency device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Nd3+ doped Ni-Mg-Cu nano ferrites conformed to a single-phase cubic spinel structure. • The structural and morphological properties were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. • Optical properties enhanced with dopant Nd content. • Studied Electric and Magnetic properties of Nd3+ substituted Ni-Mg-Cu ferrites were studied. The cubic spinel ferrites with Ni 0.3 Mg 0.5 Cu 0.2 Nd x Fe 2-x O 4 (where x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1) were successfully produced with the help of citric acid assisted auto-combustion technique. X-ray diffraction analysis verified that cubic spinel ferrites develop and revealed decreasing crystallite, and the obtained range was 38 to 21 nm. FTIR reveals the formation of two metallic bands which is very much supportive of results for confirming the cubic spinel ferrites. The morphology of prepared ferrites was analyzed using FE-SEM and observed spherical-like structures with pores and agglomeration. UV–vis study gives a violet shift and exposes that the evaluated direct band gap energy values lie between 2.59 and 2.44 eV. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss and impedance studies provide valuable information regarding their conduction mechanism. Both the dielectric constant and the loss tangent dropped drastically as frequency increased. The higher dielectric loss was found in the pure sample, and the lowest dielectric loss was found in Nd3+ ion substituted samples. Cole-cole plots verify the grain boundary contribution. The semi-circle of complex impedance refers to the resistance of grain boundary that was predominate over grains. The Ac conductivity rises with rising (Nd3+) concentration and falls with falling (Fe3+) ion concentration for all samples The vibrating sample magnetometer of all prepared ferrite samples confirms the soft ferromagnetic nature and weakening super exchange interactions. Magnetic variables coercivity (H C), saturation magnetization (M S), and remanence (M r) of prepared spinel ferrites were decreased with increasing Nd3+ ion substitution. The prepared ferrite material could be used in electronic and electronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Gd3+ doped Mg-Zn nano ferrites conformed to a single-phase cubic spinel structure. • The structural and morphological properties were analyzed by XRD and SEM. • Optical properties enhanced with dopant Gd content. • Studied Electric and Magnetic properties of Gd3+ substituted Mg-Zn ferrites were studied. The study's nanoferrites were created using the citrate-gel auto combustion process and had the chemical formula Mg 0.8 Zn 0.2 Gd x Fe 2-x O 4 (x = 0.0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025). Cubic spinel structural nanoparticles were confirmed by the X-ray pattern diffraction (XRD) investigation of the powder. The surface morphology of SEM, EDS, and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy provides pictures of grain size and quantitative determinations of compounds. The crystallite size and lattice parameter (a), which increase with decreasing nanoferrites. The FTIR spectrometer frequency ranges are 663 to 3090.7, as the observations confirm. The thermoelectric properties of Curie's temperature range of 343 to 623 increase and decrease. The paramagnetic (E P) and ferro-magnetic (E F) materials have a slope of activation energy of 0.00231 to 0.00051. It was dc-resistivity and dc-conductivity that confirmed this. The prepared samples derived from TEP materials show N -type semiconductor behaviour. According to dielectric studies, the grain boundary mechanism accounts for a large portion of the conduction in current ferrites. A vibrating sample magnetometer was used to assess the prepared samples' magnetic characteristics while they were at room temperature (VSM). The VSM retentivity value (Mr) and magnetization (Ms), SQR (Mr/Ms), coercivity (Hc), and magnetic moment are increasing, so this is a field that converts hard to soft magnetization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanthanum substituted Co Zn Fe 2 O 4 fabricated nano ferrite powder was conformed single phase cubic spinal structure from the XRD and particle size conformed by the TEM. Optical and electric properties was studied. VSM was used to investigate magnetic characteristics from room temperature. [Display omitted] • Effect of La3+ ion doped Co-Zn nanoferrites were synthesised through the citrate gel auto-combustion method. • Rietveld refinement was used to analyse XRD data and confirmed the nano-range particles with spinel ferrites. • FE-SEM, EDAX, FTIR, TEM, AFM, FTIR, DC electrical resistivity, dielectric studies, and VSM studies are conducted. Lanthanum ion doped with large percentages of zinc cobalt ferrite (Co 0.1 Zn 0.9 La x Fe 2-x O 4) nanoparticles with an 'x' range of from 0.000 to 0.030 (with the step of x = 0.005) were manufactured through the citrate gel auto-combustion method. The fabricated synthesised powder was analysed to find out the structural characterization from the XRD, FE-SEM, EDAX, TEM, FTIR, and AFM. The average crystallite size was confirmed and nanometer ranges were exposed from the XRD and TEM images, which ranged between 10 nm and 15 nm and the FCC spinel structure. The lattice parameter is found to increase from 8.392 Ao to 8.452 Ao with the substitution of La3+ ion, and a monotone diffraction peak (3 1 1) shows towards minor angles of degrees (35.33° to 35.13°). The surface area increases from 122.8 to 186.3 m2 g−1 with the addition of La3+ ion. From FTIR the bond lenth (ν 1) ranges from 512 cm−1 to 530 cm−1, increasing with doped La3+ ion content. In the AFM analysis, the surface roughness decreases from 10 nm to 6.5 nm. The prepared samples the results of magnetic, temperature variation of dielectric, and DC resistivity studies were discussed. The dielectric constant reduces dramatically as the substituted lanthanum ion concentration rises with temperature, although it remains stable in the three previously described ranges. DC resistivity, curie temperature, and drift mobility have an inverse relationship with temperature increase. The magnetic properties of hysteresis loops indicate a shift from harder to softer magnetic moments. The Ms and Mr decrease as the lanthanum ion concentration in Co-Zn ferrite increases, from 15.19 emu/g to 9.30 emu/g, and from 3.81 emu/g to 2.33 emu/g and the magnetic moment decreases from 0.6539 to 0.4045. The prepared nano ferrite particles were suited as magnetic adsorbents in the departure of impurities from waste water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]