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Objective: To compare the haemodynamic effects of different ankle movements combined ankle and toe movements on the femoral vein of the lower extremity., Methods: 28 healthy volunteers participated in the study. Doppler ultrasound was used to measure peak systolic velocity and time-averaged mean velocity of the common femoral vein during ankle dorsiflexion, ankle dorsiflexion with simultaneous toe extension, ankle plantarflexion, and ankle plantarflexion with simultaneous toe flexion., Results: In comparison to the resting state, both ankle alone or ankle combined with toe movement showed statistically significant differences ( p < .01). However, there were no significant difference in the velocity of the common femoral vein between ankle alone and ankle combined with toe movement ( p > .05). It is noteworthy that dorsiflexion of the ankle resulted in the highest peak velocity of blood flow., Conclusion: The impact of ankle movement, with or without toe movement, the velocity of the common femoral vein is not significantly correlated., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Montmorillonite (MMT) powder, as the most effective hemostats in natural silicates, is restricted for commercial application due to its embolic effect. Until now, it's still a challenge to control the leakage of MMT and avoid its side-effects. Herein, poly aldehyde dextran (PDA)/MMT composite sponge (PM) with commendable tissue adhesion, antibacterial, and wound healing performances is developed for massive hemorrhage control. Based on the high degree of perfect synergism of PDA and MMT, the PM sponge can rapidly seal the wound, and promote cells aggregation and adhesion, whole coagulation system activation, resulting in shortened clotting time from 480 s to <10 s in vitro. Therefore, PM sponge with low exothermic effects achieves hemostasis in limited time, decreasing nearly 95% blood loss in the femoral artery and vein incision in rat models. Furthermore, with the intensive tissue adhesion (~47 kPa), PM sponge not only exhibits antibacterial activity to Escherichia coli , but also succeeds in accelerating wound healing. Importantly, the low cytotoxic sponge verifies to be a little hemolytic and skin irritant hemostat. Thus, the biocompatible PM sponge may provide a new strategy for reintroduction of MMT in hemostatic fields, and a safe-effective avenue for clays to control bleeding. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]