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Spleen micro-perfusion level can be evaluated by DDVD (diffusion derived vessel density): DDVD (unit: au/pixel) = Sb0/ROIarea0 - Sb2/ROIarea2, where Sb0 and Sb2 refer to the spleen signal when b is 0 or 2 (s/mm

We explored how the severity of radiological osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) can be converted to the equivalent T-score values.To perform a study to define what portion of older community women with what severity of radiographic OVF correspond to what low T-score status.There were age-matched 301 Italian community women and 301 Chinese community women (sub-group A, age, 73.6 ± 6.1 years). In addition, Chinese sub-groups B and C included 110 community women (age, 68.9 ± 5.5 years) and 101 community women (age: 82.2 ± 4.3 years), respectively. For each vertebra in women, a score of 0, - 0.5, - 1, - 1.5, - 2, - 2.5, and - 3 was assigned for no OVF or OVF of 20%, ≥ 20 ~ 25%, ≥ 25% ~ 1/3, ≥ 1/3 ~ 40%, ≥ 40%-2/3, and ≥ 2/3 vertebral height loss, respectively, OVFss was defined as the summed score of vertebrae T4 to L5. OVFss and T-scores were ranked from the smallest to the largest values.For the Chinese total group (sub-groups A, B, and C together), OVFss = - 1 corresponded to lowest T-score (lowest T-score of lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip) of - 3.4 ~ - 3.2. OVFss ≤ - 1.5 corresponded to femoral neck T-score ≤ - 2.5. OVFss = -1.5 corresponded to a mean femoral neck T-score of - 3.0, - 2.6, and - 2.4, among Chinese sub-groups B, A, and C subjects, respectively. For Italians, all cases with OVFss ≤ - 1 had lowest T-score ≤ - 2.5. For cases with femoral neck T-score = - 2.5, 41.7% had OVFss = - 1.5, and 58.3% had OVFss = - 1.For older women, statistically OVFss ≤ - 1 suggests this subject is osteoporotic according to lowest T-score. If using femoral neck T-score, OVFss ≤ - 1.5 qualifies osteoporosis diagnosis.

Background. The importance of identifying osteoporotic vertebral endplate or/and cortex fracture (ECF), which primarily includes endplate fracture (EPF) and vertebral anterior cortex buckling, has been recognized. However, some old traumatic ECFs with healing process in the elderly may be mistaken as osteoporotic. This study analyzes the radiological features of traumatic EPF. Methods. This was a retrospective analysis of 194 spine trauma patients with 263 vertebral fractures (mean age: 42.11 ± 9.82 years, 118 males and 76 females). All patients had traumatic EPF identified by X-ray/CT/MRI. Results. The involved vertebra was mostly L1 (29.7%), followed by T12 and L2. Except EPFs involved both superior and inferior endplates (12.6%), only 1.9% involved inferior endplate alone, with the majority involved superior endplate. If each endplate was divided into five segments of equal lengths (from anterior to posterior: a1, a2, m, p2, p1), the most depressed point of superior EPFs was mostly at segment-a2 (approximately 45%), followed by segment-a1 (approximately 20%) or segment-m (approximately 20%), and very rarely at segment-p1. The upper 1/3 of anterior vertebral wall was more likely to fracture, followed by middle 1/3 of anterior wall. For posterior vertebral wall fracture, 68.5% broke the bony wall surrounding the basivertebral vain. 58.6%, 30.0%, and 11.4% of vertebral fractures had 1/3 vertebral body height loss. As the extent of vertebral height loss increased, the chance of having both superior and inferior EPFs also increased; however, the chance of having inferior EPF alone did not increase. Conclusion. Traumatic EPF features are characterized, which may help the differentiation of traumatic and osteoporotic EPFs.