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This study aimed to provide a valuable reference for the precise diagnosis and treatment of lip-line canting (LLC) in an orthodontic clinic, determine the average observed LLC that would need treatment, and compare the differences in different populations.We took frontal photographs of an adult female with rough facial symmetry and processed them into fully symmetrical frontal images using Photoshop (Adobe Systems, San Jose, Calif). After that, the lip line was rotated clockwise with a gradient of 1° to obtain 8 different pictures. Next, without informing the observers of the aim of the study, we randomly selected 60 dentists, 60 orthodontic patients, and 60 non-oral-related practitioners to observe the LLC in the photographs. We numbered all the images randomly, and the evaluators categorized them as a little LLC not requiring treatment and marked LLC requiring treatment. We then analyzed the results statistically.Among the 240 observers, the average perception of LLC was 2.65°, and it was 4.1° for those requiring treatment. Orthodontists were more sensitive to the LLC than dentists and non-oral-related practitioners, and orthodontic patients were more sensitive than non-oral related practitioners (P 0.05). Overall, the tolerance value of the orthodontic patients was the least (P 0.05).Among all the observers, orthodontic patients had the highest requirement for LLC. This finding could help therapists consider patient expectations when determining treatment plans.

To compare the effect of the medical and surgical treatment of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Seventy-two cases of pediatric CRS were randomly divided into medical group (35 cases) and surgical group (37 cases). The patients in medical group received a 12-week course of clarithromycin, alkaline nasal douche and intranasal mometasone furoate. The patients in surgical group underwent adenoidectomy or (and) tonsillectomy or ESS. All patients underwent pre- and post-treatment assessments of visual analogue score (VAS) and nasal endoscopy. The assessments of CT were arranged before starting the treatment and post-treatment in 12-month.Both groups of pediatric CRS significantly improved in VAS and endoscopic parameters of CRS in all stages. There were no significant difference between two groups in 1-month (P0.05). The surgical group demonstrated greater change than medical group in 3-month, 6-month and 12-month (P0.01). In surgical group, 37 cases underwent three different styles of operation: adenoidectomy (n = 19), adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy (n = 10) and ESS (n = 8). VAS and endoscopic parameters were not significantly different among three groups in all stages except in 1-month.The results of this study warrant further that both medical and surgical treatment of pediatric CRS significantly improve in VAS and endoscopic parameters of CRS. The mainstay of management is medical treatment. Long-term, low-dose macrolide is an effective therapy and a valid alternative in pediatric CRS. Surgical intervention is necessary for cases that do not respond to prolonged course medical treatment. Adenoidectomy or (and) tonsillectomy seems to be a recommended surgical procedure for children with adenoid or (and) tonsil hypertrophy.

To explore the level of serum leptin in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and obesity and patients with normal body mass.Polysomnography (PSG) was performed in 53 patients with OSAHS and in 41 simple obesity and in 62 patients with normal body mass. The level of serum leptin was detected by radioimmunoassay. The stature, weight, neck collar, hip circumference, waistline were measured.(1) Serum leptin level in patients with OSAHS and obesity was higher than patients with normal body mass. At the same time, serum leptin level in patients with OSAHS was higher than obesity ( P0.05). (2) Serum leptin levels were positive significantly correlated with BMI in both OSAHS patients and simple obesity, but only the leptin level in patients with OSAHS was significantly correlated with apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) and proportion of neck circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR).The rise of the serum leptin level in obesity was resisted of leptin. The serum leptin level of patients with OSAHS correlated with AHI shows that OSAHS maybe one reason of arising serum leptin's rising. Leptin could stimulate aspirator centrum.

Polyester arterial prostheses impregnated with various synthetic biodegradable materials and with gelatin were implanted subcutaneously in rats for 3–180 days. The inflammation was assessed by quantifying the activity of alkaline phosphatase and by histology. The degradation of the scaffold materials was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The alkaline phosphatase activity induced by the polymer-impregnated grafts was similar to that induced by the non-impregnated controls during most of the post-implantation periods. Histological studies revealed that the acute inflammatory response was moderate to mild and was similar for all types of specimens, except for the gelatin-impregnated grafts that induced a severe acute inflammation during the first 2 weeks post-implantation. At 4 and 6 months, significant disintegration of the scaffold was observed, accompanied by enhanced tissue infiltration and a reactivation of the acute inflammatory phase. Linear and exponential degradation rates of the synthetic polymers were described. The relative degradation rates of the biodegradable polymers were ranked as following: PLLACL>PDLLA>PLLA>PCEL. In conclusion, biodegradable polymers may provide an option as sealant/scaffolding materials for vascular prosthesis. It is suggested that the degradation rate of the polymer scaffolding materials should be higher to achieve early healing while without inducing strong inflammation.