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1. Male breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: pathology data from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2

Author

Silvestri, Valentina, Barrowdale, Daniel, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Neuhausen, Susan L, Fox, Stephen, Karlan, Beth Y, Mitchell, Gillian, James, Paul, Thull, Darcy L, Zorn, Kristin K, Carter, Natalie J, Nathanson, Katherine L, Domchek, Susan M, Rebbeck, Timothy R, Ramus, Susan J, Nussbaum, Robert L, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I, Rantala, Johanna, Yoon, Sook-Yee, Caligo, Maria A, Spugnesi, Laura, Bojesen, Anders, Pedersen, Inge Sokilde, Thomassen, Mads, Jensen, Uffe Birk, Toland, Amanda Ewart, Senter, Leigha, Andrulis, Irene L, Glendon, Gord, Hulick, Peter J, Imyanitov, Evgeny N, Greene, Mark H, Mai, Phuong L, Singer, Christian F, Rappaport-Fuerhauser, Christine, Kramer, Gero, Vijai, Joseph, Offit, Kenneth, Robson, Mark, Lincoln, Anne, Jacobs, Lauren, Machackova, Eva, Foretova, Lenka, Navratilova, Marie, Vasickova, Petra, Couch, Fergus J, Hallberg, Emily, Ruddy, Kathryn J, Sharma, Priyanka, Kim, Sung-Won, kConFab Investigators, Teixeira, Manuel R, Pinto, Pedro, Montagna, Marco, Matricardi, Laura, Arason, Adalgeir, Johannsson, Oskar Th, Barkardottir, Rosa B, Jakubowska, Anna, Lubinski, Jan, Izquierdo, Angel, Pujana, Miguel Angel, Balmaña, Judith, Diez, Orland, Ivady, Gabriella, Papp, Janos, Olah, Edith, Kwong, Ava, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON), Nevanlinna, Heli, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Perez Segura, Pedro, Caldes, Trinidad, Van Maerken, Tom, Poppe, Bruce, Claes, Kathleen BM, Isaacs, Claudine, Elan, Camille, Lasset, Christine, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Barjhoux, Laure, Belotti, Muriel, Meindl, Alfons, Gehrig, Andrea, Sutter, Christian, Engel, Christoph, Niederacher, Dieter, Steinemann, Doris, Hahnen, Eric, Kast, Karin, Arnold, Norbert, Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda, Wand, Dorothea, Godwin, Andrew K, Evans, D Gareth, Frost, Debra, Perkins, Jo, Adlard, Julian, Izatt, Louise, and Platte, Radka

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Breast Cancer, Cancer, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Adult, Aged, BRCA1 Protein, BRCA2 Protein, Breast Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasms, Male, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Neoplasm Staging, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Male breast cancer, BRCA1/2, Pathology, Histologic grade, Genotype-phenotype correlations, kConFab Investigators, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands, EMBRACE, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundBRCA1 and, more commonly, BRCA2 mutations are associated with increased risk of male breast cancer (MBC). However, only a paucity of data exists on the pathology of breast cancers (BCs) in men with BRCA1/2 mutations. Using the largest available dataset, we determined whether MBCs arising in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers display specific pathologic features and whether these features differ from those of BRCA1/2 female BCs (FBCs).MethodsWe characterised the pathologic features of 419 BRCA1/2 MBCs and, using logistic regression analysis, contrasted those with data from 9675 BRCA1/2 FBCs and with population-based data from 6351 MBCs in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.ResultsAmong BRCA2 MBCs, grade significantly decreased with increasing age at diagnosis (P = 0.005). Compared with BRCA2 FBCs, BRCA2 MBCs were of significantly higher stage (P for trend = 2 × 10(-5)) and higher grade (P for trend = 0.005) and were more likely to be oestrogen receptor-positive [odds ratio (OR) 10.59; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 5.15-21.80] and progesterone receptor-positive (OR 5.04; 95 % CI 3.17-8.04). With the exception of grade, similar patterns of associations emerged when we compared BRCA1 MBCs and FBCs. BRCA2 MBCs also presented with higher grade than MBCs from the SEER database (P for trend = 4 × 10(-12)).ConclusionsOn the basis of the largest series analysed to date, our results show that BRCA1/2 MBCs display distinct pathologic characteristics compared with BRCA1/2 FBCs, and we identified a specific BRCA2-associated MBC phenotype characterised by a variable suggesting greater biological aggressiveness (i.e., high histologic grade). These findings could lead to the development of gender-specific risk prediction models and guide clinical strategies appropriate for MBC management.

Published
2016

2. Inheritance of deleterious mutations at both BRCA1 and BRCA2 in an international sample of 32,295 women.

Author

Rebbeck, Timothy R, Friebel, Tara M, Mitra, Nandita, Wan, Fei, Chen, Stephanie, Andrulis, Irene L, Apostolou, Paraskevi, Arnold, Norbert, Arun, Banu K, Barrowdale, Daniel, Benitez, Javier, Berger, Raanan, Berthet, Pascaline, Borg, Ake, Buys, Saundra S, Caldes, Trinidad, Carter, Jonathan, Chiquette, Jocelyne, Claes, Kathleen BM, Couch, Fergus J, Cybulski, Cezary, Daly, Mary B, de la Hoya, Miguel, Diez, Orland, Domchek, Susan M, Nathanson, Katherine L, Durda, Katarzyna, Ellis, Steve, EMBRACE, Evans, D Gareth, Foretova, Lenka, Friedman, Eitan, Frost, Debra, Ganz, Patricia A, Garber, Judy, Glendon, Gord, Godwin, Andrew K, Greene, Mark H, Gronwald, Jacek, Hahnen, Eric, Hallberg, Emily, Hamann, Ute, Hansen, Thomas VO, HEBON, Imyanitov, Evgeny N, Isaacs, Claudine, Jakubowska, Anna, Janavicius, Ramunas, Jaworska-Bieniek, Katarzyna, John, Esther M, Karlan, Beth Y, Kaufman, Bella, Investigators, KConFab, Kwong, Ava, Laitman, Yael, Lasset, Christine, Lazaro, Conxi, Lester, Jenny, Loman, Niklas, Lubinski, Jan, Manoukian, Siranoush, Mitchell, Gillian, Montagna, Marco, Neuhausen, Susan L, Nevanlinna, Heli, Niederacher, Dieter, Nussbaum, Robert L, Offit, Kenneth, Olah, Edith, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I, Park, Sue Kyung, Piedmonte, Marion, Radice, Paolo, Rappaport-Fuerhauser, Christine, Rookus, Matti A, Seynaeve, Caroline, Simard, Jacques, Singer, Christian F, Soucy, Penny, Southey, Melissa, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Sukiennicki, Grzegorz, Szabo, Csilla I, Tancredi, Mariella, Teixeira, Manuel R, Teo, Soo-Hwang, Terry, Mary Beth, Thomassen, Mads, Tihomirova, Laima, Tischkowitz, Marc, Toland, Amanda Ewart, Toloczko-Grabarek, Aleksandra, Tung, Nadine, van Rensburg, Elizabeth J, Villano, Danylo, Wang-Gohrke, Shan, Wappenschmidt, Barbara, Weitzel, Jeffrey N, Zidan, Jamal, and Zorn, Kristin K

Subjects
EMBRACE, HEBON, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Population Surveillance, Heterozygote, Phenotype, Loss of Heterozygosity, Germ-Line Mutation, Alleles, Genes, BRCA1, Genes, BRCA2, Exons, Female, Promoter Regions, Genetic, BRCA1, BRCA2, Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, Transheterozygosity, Genes, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Clinical Research, Breast Cancer, Cancer, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and Carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundMost BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers have inherited a single (heterozygous) mutation. Transheterozygotes (TH) who have inherited deleterious mutations in both BRCA1 and BRCA2 are rare, and the consequences of transheterozygosity are poorly understood.MethodsFrom 32,295 female BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, we identified 93 TH (0.3 %). "Cases" were defined as TH, and "controls" were single mutations at BRCA1 (SH1) or BRCA2 (SH2). Matched SH1 "controls" carried a BRCA1 mutation found in the TH "case". Matched SH2 "controls" carried a BRCA2 mutation found in the TH "case". After matching the TH carriers with SH1 or SH2, 91 TH were matched to 9316 SH1, and 89 TH were matched to 3370 SH2.ResultsThe majority of TH (45.2 %) involved the three common Jewish mutations. TH were more likely than SH1 and SH2 women to have been ever diagnosed with breast cancer (BC; p = 0.002). TH were more likely to be diagnosed with ovarian cancer (OC) than SH2 (p = 0.017), but not SH1. Age at BC diagnosis was the same in TH vs. SH1 (p = 0.231), but was on average 4.5 years younger in TH than in SH2 (p

Published
2016

3. An international survey of surveillance schemes for unaffected BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

Author

Madorsky-Feldman, Dana, Sklair-Levy, Miri, Perri, Tamar, Laitman, Yael, Paluch-Shimon, Shani, Schmutzler, Rita, Rhiem, Kerstin, Lester, Jenny, Karlan, Beth Y, Singer, Christian F, Van Maerken, Tom, Claes, Kathleen, Brunet, Joan, Izquierdo, Angel, Teulé, Alex, Lee, Jong Won, Kim, Sung-Won, Arun, Banu, Jakubowska, Anna, Lubinski, Jan, Tucker, Katherine, Poplawski, Nicola K, Varesco, Liliana, Bonelli, Luigina Ada, Buys, Saundra S, Mitchell, Gillian, Tischkowitz, Marc, Gerdes, Anne-Marie, Seynaeve, Caroline, Robson, Mark, Kwong, Ava, Tung, Nadine, Tessa, Nalven, Domchek, Susan M, Godwin, Andrew K, Rantala, Johanna, Arver, Brita, and Friedman, Eitan

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Research, Rare Diseases, Breast Cancer, Prevention, Adult, BRCA1 Protein, BRCA2 Protein, Breast Neoplasms, Evidence-Based Medicine, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mutation, Ovarian Neoplasms, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Prophylactic Mastectomy, Prophylactic Surgical Procedures, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers, High-risk women, Early detection, Risk-reducing surgery, Surveillance schemes, Clinical Sciences, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Clinical sciences, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Female BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers are at substantially increased risk for developing breast and/or ovarian cancer, and are offered enhanced surveillance including screening from a young age and risk-reducing surgery (RRS)-mastectomy (RRM) and/or salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). While there are established guidelines for early detection of breast cancer in high-risk women who have not undergone RRM, there are less developed guidelines after RRM. We evaluated the schemes offered before and after RRS in internationally diverse high-risk clinics. An e-mailed survey was distributed to high-risk clinics affiliated with CIMBA. Overall, 22 centers from 16 countries responded. Pre RRS surveillance schemes overwhelmingly included breast imaging (primarily MRI) from 18 to 30 years and clinical breast exam (CBE) at 6-12 month intervals. For ovarian cancer, all but 6 centers offered semiannual/annual gynecological exam, transvaginal ultrasound, and CA 125 measurements. Post RRM, most centers offered only annual CBE while 4 centers offered annual MRI, primarily for substantial residual breast tissue. After RRSO only 4 centers offered specific gynecological surveillance. Existing guidelines for breast/ovarian cancer detection in BRCA carriers are being applied pre RRS but are not globally harmonized, and most centers offer no specific surveillance post RRS. From this comprehensive multinational study it is clear that evidence-based, long-term prospective data on the most effective scheme for BRCA carriers post RRS is needed.

Published
2016

4. No evidence that protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with breast cancer risk: implications for gene panel testing.

Author

Easton, Douglas F, Lesueur, Fabienne, Decker, Brennan, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Li, Jun, Allen, Jamie, Luccarini, Craig, Pooley, Karen A, Shah, Mitul, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, Ahmad, Jamil, Thompson, Ella R, Damiola, Francesca, Pertesi, Maroulio, Voegele, Catherine, Mebirouk, Noura, Robinot, Nivonirina, Durand, Geoffroy, Forey, Nathalie, Luben, Robert N, Ahmed, Shahana, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Arndt, Volker, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Baynes, Caroline, Beckman, Matthias W, Benitez, Javier, Van Den Berg, David, Blot, William J, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Brenner, Hermann, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chia, Kee Seng, Choi, Ji-Yeob, Conroy, Don M, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Darabi, Hatef, Devilee, Peter, Eriksson, Mikael, Fasching, Peter A, Figueroa, Jonine, Flyger, Henrik, Fostira, Florentia, García-Closas, Montserrat, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, González-Neira, Anna, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Per, Hart, Steven N, Hartman, Mikael, Hooning, Maartje J, Hsiung, Chia-Ni, Ito, Hidemi, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul A, John, Esther M, Johnson, Nichola, Jones, Michael, Kabisch, Maria, Kang, Daehee, kConFab Investigators, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Kristensen, Vessela, Lambrechts, Diether, Li, Na, Lifepool Investigators, Lindblom, Annika, Long, Jirong, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Lubinski, Jan, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Matsuo, Keitaro, Meindl, Alfons, Mitchell, Gillian, Muir, Kenneth, NBCS Investigators, Nevelsteen, Ines, van den Ouweland, Ans, Peterlongo, Paolo, Phuah, Sze Yee, Pylkäs, Katri, Rowley, Simone M, Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Schmutzler, Rita K, Shen, Chen-Yang, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Southey, Melissa C, Surowy, Harald, Swerdlow, Anthony, and Teo, Soo H

Subjects
Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, kConFab Investigators, Lifepool Investigators, NBCS Investigators, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, RNA Helicases, DNA-Binding Proteins, Risk, Cohort Studies, Mutation, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins, Genetic Association Studies, Cancer: breast, Genetics & Heredity, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

BACKGROUND:BRCA1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1 (BRIP1) is one of the Fanconi Anaemia Complementation (FANC) group family of DNA repair proteins. Biallelic mutations in BRIP1 are responsible for FANC group J, and previous studies have also suggested that rare protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. These studies have led to inclusion of BRIP1 on targeted sequencing panels for breast cancer risk prediction. METHODS:We evaluated a truncating variant, p.Arg798Ter (rs137852986), and 10 missense variants of BRIP1, in 48 144 cases and 43 607 controls of European origin, drawn from 41 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Additionally, we sequenced the coding regions of BRIP1 in 13 213 cases and 5242 controls from the UK, 1313 cases and 1123 controls from three population-based studies as part of the Breast Cancer Family Registry, and 1853 familial cases and 2001 controls from Australia. RESULTS:The rare truncating allele of rs137852986 was observed in 23 cases and 18 controls in Europeans in BCAC (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.03, p=0.79). Truncating variants were found in the sequencing studies in 34 cases (0.21%) and 19 controls (0.23%) (combined OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.70, p=0.75). CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that truncating variants in BRIP1, and in particular p.Arg798Ter, are not associated with a substantial increase in breast cancer risk. Such observations have important implications for the reporting of results from breast cancer screening panels.

Published
2016

5. Germline Mutations in the BRIP1, BARD1, PALB2, and NBN Genes in Women With Ovarian Cancer.

Author

Ramus, Susan J, Song, Honglin, Dicks, Ed, Tyrer, Jonathan P, Rosenthal, Adam N, Intermaggio, Maria P, Fraser, Lindsay, Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra, Hayward, Jane, Philpott, Susan, Anderson, Christopher, Edlund, Christopher K, Conti, David, Harrington, Patricia, Barrowdale, Daniel, Bowtell, David D, Alsop, Kathryn, Mitchell, Gillian, AOCS Study Group, Cicek, Mine S, Cunningham, Julie M, Fridley, Brooke L, Alsop, Jennifer, Jimenez-Linan, Mercedes, Poblete, Samantha, Lele, Shashi, Sucheston-Campbell, Lara, Moysich, Kirsten B, Sieh, Weiva, McGuire, Valerie, Lester, Jenny, Bogdanova, Natalia, Dürst, Matthias, Hillemanns, Peter, Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium, Odunsi, Kunle, Whittemore, Alice S, Karlan, Beth Y, Dörk, Thilo, Goode, Ellen L, Menon, Usha, Jacobs, Ian J, Antoniou, Antonis C, Pharoah, Paul DP, and Gayther, Simon A

Subjects
AOCS Study Group, Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium, Humans, Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial, Ovarian Neoplasms, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, RNA Helicases, Cell Cycle Proteins, DNA-Binding Proteins, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Nuclear Proteins, Risk, Predictive Value of Tests, Germ-Line Mutation, Mutation, Missense, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, European Continental Ancestry Group, United States, Female, Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group N Protein, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and Carcinogenesis
Abstract

BACKGROUND:Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, responsible for 13 000 deaths per year in the United States. Risk prediction based on identifying germline mutations in ovarian cancer susceptibility genes could have a clinically significant impact on reducing disease mortality. METHODS:Next generation sequencing was used to identify germline mutations in the coding regions of four candidate susceptibility genes-BRIP1, BARD1, PALB2 and NBN-in 3236 invasive EOC case patients and 3431 control patients of European origin, and in 2000 unaffected high-risk women from a clinical screening trial of ovarian cancer (UKFOCSS). For each gene, we estimated the prevalence and EOC risks and evaluated associations between germline variant status and clinical and epidemiological risk factor information. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS:We found an increased frequency of deleterious mutations in BRIP1 in case patients (0.9%) and in the UKFOCSS participants (0.6%) compared with control patients (0.09%) (P = 1 x 10(-4) and 8 x 10(-4), respectively), but no differences for BARD1 (P = .39), NBN1 ( P = .61), or PALB2 (P = .08). There was also a difference in the frequency of rare missense variants in BRIP1 between case patients and control patients (P = 5.5 x 10(-4)). The relative risks associated with BRIP1 mutations were 11.22 for invasive EOC (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.22 to 34.10, P = 1 x 10(-4)) and 14.09 for high-grade serous disease (95% CI = 4.04 to 45.02, P = 2 x 10(-5)). Segregation analysis in families estimated the average relative risks in BRIP1 mutation carriers compared with the general population to be 3.41 (95% CI = 2.12 to 5.54, P = 7×10(-7)). CONCLUSIONS:Deleterious germline mutations in BRIP1 are associated with a moderate increase in EOC risk. These data have clinical implications for risk prediction and prevention approaches for ovarian cancer and emphasize the critical need for risk estimates based on very large sample sizes before genes of moderate penetrance have clinical utility in cancer prevention.

Published
2015

6. Association of type and location of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations with risk of breast and ovarian cancer.

Author

Rebbeck, Timothy R, Mitra, Nandita, Wan, Fei, Sinilnikova, Olga M, Healey, Sue, McGuffog, Lesley, Mazoyer, Sylvie, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Easton, Douglas F, Antoniou, Antonis C, Nathanson, Katherine L, CIMBA Consortium, Laitman, Yael, Kushnir, Anya, Paluch-Shimon, Shani, Berger, Raanan, Zidan, Jamal, Friedman, Eitan, Ehrencrona, Hans, Stenmark-Askmalm, Marie, Einbeigi, Zakaria, Loman, Niklas, Harbst, Katja, Rantala, Johanna, Melin, Beatrice, Huo, Dezheng, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I, Seldon, Joyce, Ganz, Patricia A, Nussbaum, Robert L, Chan, Salina B, Odunsi, Kunle, Gayther, Simon A, Domchek, Susan M, Arun, Banu K, Lu, Karen H, Mitchell, Gillian, Karlan, Beth Y, Walsh, Christine, Lester, Jenny, Godwin, Andrew K, Pathak, Harsh, Ross, Eric, Daly, Mary B, Whittemore, Alice S, John, Esther M, Miron, Alexander, Terry, Mary Beth, Chung, Wendy K, Goldgar, David E, Buys, Saundra S, Janavicius, Ramunas, Tihomirova, Laima, Tung, Nadine, Dorfling, Cecilia M, van Rensburg, Elizabeth J, Steele, Linda, Neuhausen, Susan L, Ding, Yuan Chun, Ejlertsen, Bent, Gerdes, Anne-Marie, Hansen, Thomas VO, Ramón y Cajal, Teresa, Osorio, Ana, Benitez, Javier, Godino, Javier, Tejada, Maria-Isabel, Duran, Mercedes, Weitzel, Jeffrey N, Bobolis, Kristie A, Sand, Sharon R, Fontaine, Annette, Savarese, Antonella, Pasini, Barbara, Peissel, Bernard, Bonanni, Bernardo, Zaffaroni, Daniela, Vignolo-Lutati, Francesca, Scuvera, Giulietta, Giannini, Giuseppe, Bernard, Loris, Genuardi, Maurizio, Radice, Paolo, Dolcetti, Riccardo, Manoukian, Siranoush, Pensotti, Valeria, Gismondi, Viviana, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Fostira, Florentia, Garber, Judy, Torres, Diana, Rashid, Muhammad Usman, Hamann, Ute, Peock, Susan, Frost, Debra, Platte, Radka, Evans, D Gareth, Eeles, Rosalind, Davidson, Rosemarie, and Eccles, Diana

Subjects
CIMBA Consortium, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Ovarian Neoplasms, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Nucleotides, Risk Factors, Age of Onset, Heterozygote, Mutation, Genes, BRCA1, Genes, BRCA2, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Cancer, Prevention, Rare Diseases, Breast Cancer, Clinical Research, Ovarian Cancer, General & Internal Medicine, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

ImportanceLimited information about the relationship between specific mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) and cancer risk exists.ObjectiveTo identify mutation-specific cancer risks for carriers of BRCA1/2.Design, setting, and participantsObservational study of women who were ascertained between 1937 and 2011 (median, 1999) and found to carry disease-associated BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The international sample comprised 19,581 carriers of BRCA1 mutations and 11,900 carriers of BRCA2 mutations from 55 centers in 33 countries on 6 continents. We estimated hazard ratios for breast and ovarian cancer based on mutation type, function, and nucleotide position. We also estimated RHR, the ratio of breast vs ovarian cancer hazard ratios. A value of RHR greater than 1 indicated elevated breast cancer risk; a value of RHR less than 1 indicated elevated ovarian cancer risk.ExposuresMutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2.Main outcomes and measuresBreast and ovarian cancer risks.ResultsAmong BRCA1 mutation carriers, 9052 women (46%) were diagnosed with breast cancer, 2317 (12%) with ovarian cancer, 1041 (5%) with breast and ovarian cancer, and 7171 (37%) without cancer. Among BRCA2 mutation carriers, 6180 women (52%) were diagnosed with breast cancer, 682 (6%) with ovarian cancer, 272 (2%) with breast and ovarian cancer, and 4766 (40%) without cancer. In BRCA1, we identified 3 breast cancer cluster regions (BCCRs) located at c.179 to c.505 (BCCR1; RHR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.22-1.74; P = 2 × 10(-6)), c.4328 to c.4945 (BCCR2; RHR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01-1.78; P = .04), and c. 5261 to c.5563 (BCCR2', RHR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.22-1.55; P = 6 × 10(-9)). We also identified an ovarian cancer cluster region (OCCR) from c.1380 to c.4062 (approximately exon 11) with RHR = 0.62 (95% CI, 0.56-0.70; P = 9 × 10(-17)). In BRCA2, we observed multiple BCCRs spanning c.1 to c.596 (BCCR1; RHR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.06-2.78; P = .03), c.772 to c.1806 (BCCR1'; RHR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.10-2.40; P = .01), and c.7394 to c.8904 (BCCR2; RHR = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.69-3.16; P = .00002). We also identified 3 OCCRs: the first (OCCR1) spanned c.3249 to c.5681 that was adjacent to c.5946delT (6174delT; RHR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.44-0.60; P = 6 × 10(-17)). The second OCCR spanned c.6645 to c.7471 (OCCR2; RHR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.41-0.80; P = .001). Mutations conferring nonsense-mediated decay were associated with differential breast or ovarian cancer risks and an earlier age of breast cancer diagnosis for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.Conclusions and relevanceBreast and ovarian cancer risks varied by type and location of BRCA1/2 mutations. With appropriate validation, these data may have implications for risk assessment and cancer prevention decision making for carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.

Published
2015

7. Germline Mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and Ten-Year Survival for Women Diagnosed with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Author

Candido-dos-Reis, Francisco J, EMBRACE, for, Song, Honglin, Goode, Ellen L, Cunningham, Julie M, Fridley, Brooke L, Larson, Melissa C, Alsop, Kathryn, Dicks, Ed, Harrington, Patricia, Ramus, Susan J, de Fazio, Anna, Mitchell, Gillian, Fereday, Sian, Bolton, Kelly L, Gourley, Charlie, Michie, Caroline, Karlan, Beth, Lester, Jenny, Walsh, Christine, Cass, Ilana, Olsson, Håkan, Gore, Martin, Benitez, Javier J, Garcia, Maria J, Andrulis, Irene, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Glendon, Gord, Blanco, Ignacio, Lazaro, Conxi, Whittemore, Alice S, McGuire, Valerie, Sieh, Weiva, Montagna, Marco, Alducci, Elisa, Sadetzki, Siegal, Chetrit, Angela, Kwong, Ava, Kjaer, Susanne K, Jensen, Allan, Høgdall, Estrid, Neuhausen, Susan, Nussbaum, Robert, Daly, Mary, Greene, Mark H, Mai, Phuong L, Loud, Jennifer T, Moysich, Kirsten, Toland, Amanda E, Lambrechts, Diether, Ellis, Steve, Frost, Debra, Brenton, James D, Tischkowitz, Marc, Easton, Douglas F, Antoniou, Antonis, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Gayther, Simon A, Bowtell, David, and Pharoah, Paul DP

Subjects
Ovarian Cancer, Breast Cancer, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, Genetics, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Cancer, Prevention, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial, Female, Genes, BRCA1, Genes, BRCA2, Germ-Line Mutation, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Staging, Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial, Ovarian Neoplasms, Prognosis, Survival Analysis, for EMBRACE, kConFab Investigators, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

PurposeTo analyze the effect of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 on mortality in patients with ovarian cancer up to 10 years after diagnosis.Experimental designWe used unpublished survival time data for 2,242 patients from two case-control studies and extended survival time data for 4,314 patients from previously reported studies. All participants had been screened for deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Survival time was analyzed for the combined data using Cox proportional hazard models with BRCA1 and BRCA2 as time-varying covariates. Competing risks were analyzed using Fine and Gray model.ResultsThe combined 10-year overall survival rate was 30% [95% confidence interval (CI), 28%-31%] for non-carriers, 25% (95% CI, 22%-28%) for BRCA1 carriers, and 35% (95% CI, 30%-41%) for BRCA2 carriers. The HR for BRCA1 was 0.53 at time zero and increased over time becoming greater than one at 4.8 years. For BRCA2, the HR was 0.42 at time zero and increased over time (predicted to become greater than 1 at 10.5 years). The results were similar when restricted to 3,202 patients with high-grade serous tumors and to ovarian cancer-specific mortality.ConclusionsBRCA1/2 mutations are associated with better short-term survival, but this advantage decreases over time and in BRCA1 carriers is eventually reversed. This may have important implications for therapy of both primary and relapsed disease and for analysis of long-term survival in clinical trials of new agents, particularly those that are effective in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.

Published
2015

8. Presence and species identity of rumen flukes in cattle and sheep in the Netherlands

Author

Ploeger, H W, Ankum, L, Moll, L., van Doorn, D C K, Mitchell, Gillian, Skuce, P J, Zadoks, Ruth N., Holzhauer, M., dI&I I&I-4, and dI&I I&I-4

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, Rumen, 040301 veterinary sciences, Cattle Diseases, Sheep Diseases, Rumen fluke, Trematode Infections, Biology, Beef cattle, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, Animal science, Abattoir survey, parasitic diseases, Prevalence, Animals, Paramphistomatidae, Dairy cattle, Netherlands, Sheep, General Veterinary, Geography, Calicophoron daubneyi, Intermediate host, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, Herd, EPG, Paramphistomum leydeni, Parasitology, Female, Cattle, Flock, Trematoda, Abattoirs
Abstract

The purpose of the study was to gain knowledge about the prevalence and identity of rumen flukes (RF) in cattle and sheep in the Netherlands. Routine faecal examinations of diagnostic submissions between May 2009 and September 2014 showed a mean annual herd or flock RF prevalence of 15.8% for cattle and 8.0% for sheep. Prevalence in cattle was higher after 2012 than before, which may reflect a change in detection method as well as an increase in true prevalence. During November and December 2014, an abattoir survey was conducted to allow for scoring of rumen fluke burden and to obtain specimens for molecular species characterization. Over 8 visits to 5 abattoirs in areas deemed to pose a high risk for trematode infection, 116 cows and 41 sheep from 27 herds and 10 flocks were examined. Prevalence of RF was higher in beef cattle than in dairy cattle and higher in cattle than in sheep. Median fluke burden was >100 specimens per animal for most positive animals.\ud \ud Using a semi-quantitative RF density score as a gold standard, sensitivity and specificity of a modified quantitative Dorsman egg counting method were estimated at 82.6% and 83.3%, respectively.\ud Of 14 collected adult rumen flukes, twelve (8 bovine and 4 ovine specimens) were identified as Calicophoron daubneyi. The other two, of bovine origin, were identified as Paramphistomum leydeni, which was unexpected as in other European countries all recently collected rumen flukes in both cattle and sheep were identified as C. daubneyi. The findings implicate that multiple rumen fluke species, intermediate host species and transmission cycles may play a role in rumen fluke infections in the Netherlands.

Published
2017

9. Breast cancer risk prediction using a polygenic risk score in the familial setting: a prospective study from the Breast Cancer Family Registry and kConFab

Author

Li, Hongyan, Feng, Bingjian, Miron, Alexander, Chen, Xiaoqing, Beesley, Jonathan, Bimeh, Emmanuella, Barrowdale, Daniel, John, Esther M, Daly, Mary B, Andrulis, Irene L, Buys, Saundra S, Kraft, Peter, kConFab investigators, Thorne, Heather, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Southey, Melissa C, Antoniou, Antonis C, James, Paul A, Terry, Mary Beth, Phillips, Kelly-Anne, Hopper, John L, Mitchell, Gillian, Goldgar, David E, Beesley, Jonathan [0000-0003-1942-325X], Barrowdale, Daniel [0000-0003-1661-3939], Southey, Melissa C [0000-0002-6313-9005], James, Paul A [0000-0002-4361-4657], Hopper, John L [0000-0002-8567-173X], Goldgar, David E [0000-0003-0697-9347], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Adult, Multifactorial Inheritance, Risk Factors, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Registries, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Assessment, Early Detection of Cancer, Aged
Abstract

PURPOSE: This study examined the utility of sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in familial but non-BRCA-associated breast cancer (BC). METHODS: We derived a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 24 known BC risk SNPs for 4,365 women from the Breast Cancer Family Registry and Kathleen Cuningham Consortium Foundation for Research into Familial Breast Cancer familial BC cohorts. We compared scores for women based on cancer status at baseline; 2,599 women unaffected at enrollment were followed-up for an average of 7.4 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the association of PRS with BC risk. The BOADICEA risk prediction algorithm was used to measure risk based on family history alone. RESULTS: The mean PRS at baseline was 2.25 (SD, 0.35) for affected women and was 2.17 (SD, 0.35) for unaffected women from combined cohorts (P < 10-6). During follow-up, 205 BC cases occurred. The hazard ratios for continuous PRS (per SD) and upper versus lower quintiles were 1.38 (95% confidence interval: 1.22-1.56) and 3.18 (95% confidence interval: 1.84-5.23) respectively. Based on their PRS-based predicted risk, management for up to 23% of women could be altered. CONCLUSION: Including BC-associated SNPs in risk assessment can provide more accurate risk prediction than family history alone and can influence recommendations for cancer screening and prevention modalities for high-risk women.Genet Med 19 1, 30-35.

Published
2017

10. Identification of ten variants associated with risk of estrogen-receptor-negative breast cancer

Author

Milne, Roger L., Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B., Michailidou, Kyriaki, Beesley, Jonathan, Kar, Siddhartha, Lindstrom, Sara, Hui, Shirley, Lemaçon, Audrey, Soucy, Penny, Dennis, Joe, Jiang, Xia, Rostamianfar, Asha, Finucane, Hilary, Bolla, Manjeet K., McGuffog, Lesley, Wang, Qin, Aalfs, Cora M., Abctctb, Investigators, Adams, Marcia, Adlard, Julian, Agata, Simona, Ahmed, Shahana, Ahsan, Habibul, Aittom, Kristiina Äki, Fares, Al Ejeh, Allen, Jamie, Ambrosone, Christine B., Amos, Christopher I., Andrulis, Irene L., Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia N., Arndt, Volker, Arnold, Norbert, Aronson, Kristan J., Auber, Bernd, Auer, Paul L., Ausems, Margreet G.M., Azzollini, Jacopo, François, Bacot, Balma, Judith Nã, Barile, Monica, Barjhoux, Laure, Barkardottir, Rosa B., Barrdahl, Myrto, Barnes, Daniel, Barrowdale, Daniel, Baynes, Caroline, Beckmann, Matthias W., Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Bernstein, Leslie, Bignon, Yves Jean, Blazer, Kathleen R., Blok, Marinus J., Blomqvist, Carl, Blot, William, Bobolis, Kristie, Boeckx, Bram, Bogdanova, Natalia V., Bojesen, Anders, Bojesen, Stig E., Bonanni, Bernardo, Anne-Lise, Børresen Dale, Bozsik, Aniko, Bradbury, Angela R., Brand, Judith S., Brauch, Hiltrud, Brenner, Hermann, Brigitte, Bressac De Paillerets, Brewer, Carole, Brinton, Louise, Broberg, Per, Angela, Brooks Wilson, Brunet, Joan, Brüning, Thomas, Burwinkel, Barbara, Buys, Saundra S., Byun, Jinyoung, Cai, Qiuyin, Cald, Trinidad És, Caligo, Maria A., Campbell, Ian, Canzian, Federico, Caron, Olivier, Carracedo, Angel, Carter, Brian D., Esteban, Castelao, Castera, Laurent, Virginie, Caux Moncoutier, Chan, Salina B., Jenny, Chang Claude, Chanock, Stephen J., Chen, Xiaoqing, Cheng, Ting Yuan David, Chiquette, Jocelyne, Christiansen, Hans, Claes, Kathleen B., Clarke, Christine L., Conner, Thomas, Conroy, Don M., Cook, Jackie, Cordina-Duverger, Emilie, Cornelissen, Sten, Coupier, Isabelle, Cox, Angela, Cox, David G., Cross, Simon S., Cuk, Katarina, Cunningham, J. M., Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B., Damiola, Francesca, Darabi, Hatef, Davidson, Rosemarie, Leeneer, Kim De L., Devilee, Peter, Dicks, Ed, Diez, Orland, Ding, Yuan Chun, Ditsch, Nina, Doheny, Kimberly F., Domchek, Susan M., Dorfling, Cecilia M., Dörk, Thilo, Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel, Dubois, Stéphane, Dugué, Pierre Antoine, Dumont, Martine, Dunning, Alison M., Durcan, Lorraine, Dwek, Miriam, Dworniczak, Bernd, Eccles, Diana, Eeles, Ros, Ehrencrona, Hans, Eilber, Ursula, Ejlertsen, Bent, Ekici, Arif B., Eliassen, A. Heather, Engel, Christoph, Eriksson, Mikael, Fachal, Laura, Faivre, Laurence, Fasching, Peter A., Faust, Ulrike, Figueroa, Jonine, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Fletcher, Olivia, Flyger, Henrik, Foulkes, William D., Friedman, Eitan, Fritschi, Lin, Frost, Debra, Gabrielson, Marike, Gaddam, Pragna, Gammon, Marilie D., Ganz, Patricia A., Gapstur, Susan M., Garber, Judy, Garcia-Barberan, Vanesa, Garciá-Saénz, José A., Gaudet, Mia M., Gauthier-Villars, Marion, Gehrig, Andrea, Georgoulias, Vassilios, Gerdes, Anne Marie, Giles, Graham G., Glendon, Gord, Godwin, Andrew K., Goldberg, Mark S., Goldgar, David E., González-Neira, Anna, Goodfellow, Paul, Greene, Mark H., Grenaker, Grethe Alnæs I., Grip, Mervi, Gronwald, Jacek, Grundy, Anne, Gschwantler, Daphne Kaulich, Guénel, Pascal, Guo, Qi, Haeberle, Lothar, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A., Håkansson, Niclas, Hallberg, Emily, Hamann, Ute, Hamel, Nathalie, Hankinson, Susan, Hansen, Thomas V., Harrington, Patricia, Hart, Steven N., Hartikainen, Jaana M., Healey, Catherine S., Hein, Alexander, Helbig, Sonja, Henderson, Alex, Heyworth, Jane, Hicks, Belynda, Hillemanns, Peter, Hodgson, Shirley, Hogervorst, Frans B., Hollestelle, Antoinette, Hooning, Maartje J., Hoover, Bob, Hopper, John L., Hu, Chunling, Huang, Guanmengqian, Hulick, Peter J., Humphreys, Keith, Hunter, David J., Imyanitov, Evgeny N., Isaacs, Claudine, Iwasaki, Motoki, Izatt, Louise, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul, Janavicius, Ramunas, Janni, Wolfgang, Jensen, Uffe Birk, John, Esther M., Johnson, Nichola, Jones, Kristine, Jones, Michael, Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kabisch, Maria, Kaczmarek, Katarzyna, Kang, Daehee, Kast, Karin, Keeman, Renske, Kerin, Michael J., Kets, Carolien M., Keupers, Mac Hteld, Khan, Sofia, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Kiiski, Johanna I., Kim, Sung Won, Knight, Julia A., Konstantopoulou, Irene, Kosma, Veli Matti, Kristensen, Vessela N., Kruse, Torben A., Kwong, Ava, Lænkholm, Anne Vibeke, Laitman, Yael, Lalloo, Fiona, Lambrechts, Diether, Landsman, Keren, Lasset, Christine, Lazaro, Conxi, Marchand, Loic Le, Lindström, Sara, Al-Ejeh, Fares, Margreet, G. M.Ausems, Bacot, François, Børresen-Dale, Anne Lise, Bressac-De, Brigitte Paillerets, Brooks-Wilson, Angela, Castelao, J. Esteban, Caux-Moncoutier, Virginie, Chang-Claude, Jenny, McLaes, Kathleen B., Leeneer, Kim De, Dieter, Flesch Janys, Gschwantler-Kaulich, Daphne, Keupers, MacHteld, Lecarpentier, Julie, Lee, Andrew, Lee, Eunjung, Won, Jong Lee, Lee, Min Hyuk, Lejbkowicz, Flavio, Lesueur, Fabienne, Li, Jingmei, Lilyquist, Jenna, Lincoln, Anne, Lindblom, Annika, Lissowska, Jolanta, Lo, Wing Yee, Loibl, Sibylle, Long, Jirong, Loud, Jennifer T., Lubinski, Jan, Luccarini, Craig, Lush, Michael, MacInnis, Robert J., Maishman, Tom, Makalic, Enes, Kostovska, Ivana Maleva, Malone, Kathleen E., Siranoush, Manoukian, Manson, Joann E., Margolin, Sara, Martens, John W., Martinez, Maria Elena, Matsuo, Keitaro, Mavroudis, Dimitrios, Mazoyer, Sylvie, McLean, Catriona, Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne, Menéndez, Primitiva, Meyer, Jeffery, Miao, Hui, Miller, Austin, Miller, Nicola, Mitchell, Gillian, Montagna, Marco, Muir, Kenneth, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Mulot, Claire, Nadesan, Sue, Nathanson, Katherine L., Neuhausen, Susan L., Nevanlinna, Heli, Nevelsteen, Ines, Niederacher, Dieter, Nielsen, Sune F., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Norman, Aaron, Nussbaum, Robert L., Olah, Edith, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I., Olson, Janet E., Olswold, Curtis, Ong, Kai Ren, Oosterwijk, Jan C., Orr, Nick, Osorio, Ana, Pankratz, V. Shane, Papi, Laura, Park-Simon, Tjoung Won, Paulsson-Karlsson, Ylva, Lloyd, Rachel, Pedersen, Inge Søkilde, Peissel, Bernard, Peixoto, Ana, Perez, Jose I., Peterlongo, Paolo, Peto, Julian, Pfeiler, Georg, Phelan, Catherine M., Pinchev, Mila, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Poppe, Bruce, Porteous, Mary E., Prentice, Ross, Presneau, Nadege, Prokofieva, Darya, Pugh, Elizabeth, Pujana, Miquel Angel, Pylkäs, Katri, Rack, Brigitte, Radice, Paolo, Rahman, Nazneen, Rantala, Johanna, Rappaport-Fuerhauser, Christine, Rennert, Gad, Rennert, Hedy S., Rhenius, Valerie, Rhiem, Kerstin, Richardson, Andrea, Rodriguez, Gustavo C., Romero, Atocha, Romm, Jane, Rookus, Matti A., Rudolph, Anja, Ruediger, Thomas, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sanders, Joyce, Sandler, Dale P., Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Sawyer, Elinor J., Schmidt, Daniel F., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Schumacher, Fredrick, Schürmann, Peter, Schwentner, Lukas, Scott, Christopher, Scott, Rodney J., Seal, Sheila, Senter, Leigha, Seynaeve, Caroline, Shah, Mitul, Sharma, Priyanka, Shen, Chen Yang, Sheng, Xin, Shimelis, Hermela, Shrubsole, Martha J., Shu, Xiao Ou, Side, Lucy E., Singer, Christian F., Sohn, Christof, Southey, Melissa C., Spinelli, John J., Spurdle, Amanda B., Stegmaier, Christa, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Sukiennicki, Grzegorz, Surowy, Harald, Sutter, Christian, Swerdlow, Anthony, Szabo, Csilla I., Tamimi, Rulla M., Tan, Yen Y., Taylor, Jack A., Tejada, Maria Isabel, Tengström, Maria, Teo, Soo H., Terry, Mary B., Tessier, Daniel C., Teul, Alex E., Thöne, Kathrin, Thull, Darcy L., Tibiletti, Maria Grazia, Tihomirova, Laima, Tischkowitz, Marc, Toland, Amanda E., Tollenaar, Rob A.M., Tomlinson, Ian, Tong, Ling, Torres, Diana, Tranchant, Martine, Truong, Thérèse, Tucker, Kathy, Tung, Nadine, Tyrer, Jonathan, Ulmer, Hans Ulrich, Vachon, Celine, Christi, Van Asperen J., Den Berg, David Van, Ouweland, Ans M.Vanden, Rensburg, Elizabeth J., Varesco, Liliana, Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda, Vega, Ana, Viel, Alessandra, Vijai, Joseph, Vincent, Daniel, Vollenweider, Jason, Walker, Lisa, Wang, Zhaoming, Wang-Gohrke, Shan, Wappenschmidt, Barbara, Weinberg, Clarice R., Weitzel, Jeffrey N., Wendt, Camilla, Wesseling, Jelle, Whittemore, Alice S., Wijnen, Juul T., Willett, Walter, Winqvist, Robert, Wolk, Alicja, Wu, Anna H., Xia, Lucy, Yang, Xiaohong R., Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Zaffaroni, Daniela, Zheng, Wei, Zhu, Bin, Ziogas, Argyrios, Ziv, Elad, Zorn, Kristin K., Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Mannermaa, Arto, Olsson, Håkan, Teixeira, Manuel R., Stone, Jennifer, Offit, Kenneth, Ottini, Laura, Park, Sue K., Thomassen, Mads, Hall, Per, Meindl, Alfons, Schmutzler, Rita K., Droit, Arnaud, Bader, Gary D., Pharoah, Paul D., Couch, Fergus J., Easton, Douglas F., Kraft, Peter, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Garciá-Closas, Montserrat, Schmidt, Marjanka K., Antoniou, Antonis C., Simard, Jacques, Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), Targeted Gynaecologic Oncology (TARGON), Human Genetics, CCA - Cancer biology and immunology, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Human genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Clinical Genetics, Medical Oncology, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, MUMC+: DA KG Lab Centraal Lab (9), and RS: GROW - R4 - Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Estrogen receptor, Genome-wide association study, consortium, Gene mutation, DISEASE, Breast cancer, Risk Factors, Receptors, common variants, BRCA2 MUTATION CARRIERS, Medicine and Health Sciences, CONFER SUSCEPTIBILITY, skin and connective tissue diseases, ovarian cancers, BRCA1 Protein, COMMON VARIANTS, Single Nucleotide, OVARIAN CANCERS, 3. Good health, Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 17], Receptors, Estrogen, functional variants, Female, estrogen receptor, SNPs, EXPRESSION, medicine.medical_specialty, Heterozygote, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, European Continental Ancestry Group, Breast cancer, estrogen receptor, SNPs, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Breast Neoplasms, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, Article, Càncer de mama, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Internal medicine, expression, medicine, Genetic predisposition, Genetics, Journal Article, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Risk factor, Polymorphism, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, FUNCTIONAL VARIANTS, disease, CONSORTIUM, Case-control study, Biology and Life Sciences, medicine.disease, confer susceptibility, Estrogen, susceptibility loci, 030104 developmental biology, Mutation, genome-wide association, brca2 mutation carriers, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Most common breast cancer susceptibility variants have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of predominantly estrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease1. We conducted a GWAS using 21,468 ER-negative cases and 100,594 controls combined with 18,908 BRCA1 mutation carriers (9,414 with breast cancer), all of European origin. We identified independent associations at P < 5 × 10−8 with ten variants at nine new loci. At P < 0.05, we replicated associations with 10 of 11 variants previously reported in ER-negative disease or BRCA1mutation carrier GWAS and observed consistent associations with ER-negative disease for 105 susceptibility variants identified by other studies. These 125 variants explain approximately 16% of the familial risk of this breast cancer subtype. There was high genetic correlation (0.72) between risk of ER-negative breast cancer and breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers. These findings may lead to improved risk prediction and inform further fine-mapping and functional work to better understand the biological basis of ER-negative breast cancer.

Published
2017

11. An original phylogenetic approach identified mitochondrial haplogroup T1a1 as inversely associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers

Author

Blein, Sophie, Bardel, Claire, Danjean, Vincent, Mcguffog, Lesley, Healey, Sue, Barrowdale, Daniel, Lee, Andrew, Dennis, Joe, Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B., Soucy, Penny, Terry, Mary Beth, Chung, Wendy K., Goldgar, David E., Buys, Saundra S., Janavicius, Ramunas, Tihomirova, Laima, Tung, Nadine, Dorfling, Cecilia M., van Rensburg, Elizabeth J., Neuhausen, Susan L., Ding, Yuan Chun, Gerdes, Anne Marie, Ejlertsen, Bent, Nielsen, Finn C., Hansen, Thomas V. O., Osorio, Ana, Benitez, Javier, Conejero, Raquel Andrés, Segota, Ena, Weitzel, Jeffrey N., Thelander, Margo, Peterlongo, Paolo, Radice, Paolo, Pensotti, Valeria, Dolcetti, Riccardo, Bonanni, Bernardo, Peissel, Bernard, Zaffaroni, Daniela, Scuvera, Giulietta, Manoukian, Siranoush, Varesco, Liliana, Capone, Gabriele L., Papi, Laura, Ottini, Laura, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Konstantopoulou, Irene, Garber, Judy, Hamann, Ute, Donaldson, Alan, Brady, Angela, Brewer, Carole, Foo, Claire, Evans, D. Gareth, Frost, Debra, Eccles, Diana, Douglas, Fiona, Cook, Jackie, Adlard, Julian, Barwell, Julian, Walker, Lisa, Izatt, Louise, Side, Lucy E., Kennedy, M. John, Tischkowitz, Marc, Rogers, Mark T., Porteous, Mary E., Morrison, Patrick J., Platte, Radka, Eeles, Ros, Davidson, Rosemarie, Hodgson, Shirley, Cole, Trevor, Godwin, Andrew K., Isaacs, Claudine, Claes, Kathleen, De Leeneer, Kim, Meindl, Alfons, Gehrig, Andrea, Wappenschmidt, Barbara, Sutter, Christian, Engel, Christoph, Niederacher, Dieter, Steinemann, Doris, Plendl, Hansjoerg, Kast, Karin, Rhiem, Kerstin, Ditsch, Nina, Arnold, Norbert, Varon Mateeva, Raymonda, Schmutzler, Rita K., Preisler Adams, Sabine, Markov, Nadja Bogdanova, Wang Gohrke, Shan, de Pauw, Antoine, Lefol, Cédrick, Lasset, Christine, Leroux, Dominique, Rouleau, Etienne, Damiola, Francesca, Dreyfus, Hélène, Barjhoux, Laure, Golmard, Lisa, Uhrhammer, Nancy, Bonadona, Valérie, Sornin, Valérie, Bignon, Yves Jean, Carter, Jonathan, Van Le, Linda, Piedmonte, Marion, Disilvestro, Paul A., de la Hoya, Miguel, Caldes, Trinidad, Nevanlinna, Heli, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Jager, Agnes, van den Ouweland, Ans M. W., Kets, Carolien M., Aalfs, Cora M., van Leeuwen, Flora E., Hogervorst, Frans B. L., Meijers Heijboer, Hanne E. J., Oosterwijk, Jan C., van Roozendaal, Kees E. P., Rookus, Matti A., Devilee, Peter, van der Luijt, Rob B., Olah, Edith, Diez, Orland, Teulé, Alex, Lazaro, Conxi, Blanco, Ignacio, Del Valle, Jesús, Jakubowska, Anna, Sukiennicki, Grzegorz, Gronwald, Jacek, Lubinski, Jan, Durda, Katarzyna, Jaworska Bieniek, Katarzyna, Agnarsson, Bjarni A., Maugard, Christine, Amadori, Alberto, Montagna, Marco, Teixeira, Manuel R., Spurdle, Amanda B., Foulkes, William, Olswold, Curtis, Lindor, Noralane M., Pankratz, Vernon S., Szabo, Csilla I., Lincoln, Anne, Jacobs, Lauren, Corines, Marina, Robson, Mark, Vijai, Joseph, Berger, Andreas, Fink Retter, Anneliese, Singer, Christian F., Rappaport, Christine, Kaulich, Daphne Geschwantler, Pfeiler, Georg, Tea, Muy Kheng, Greene, Mark H., Mai, Phuong L., Rennert, Gad, Imyanitov, Evgeny N., Mulligan, Anna Marie, Glendon, Gord, Andrulis, Irene L., Tchatchou, Sandrine, Toland, Amanda Ewart, Pedersen, Inge Sokilde, Thomassen, Mads, Kruse, Torben A., Jensen, Uffe Birk, Caligo, Maria A., Friedman, Eitan, Zidan, Jamal, Laitman, Yael, Lindblom, Annika, Melin, Beatrice, Arver, Brita, Loman, Niklas, Rosenquist, Richard, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I., Nussbaum, Robert L., Ramus, Susan J., Nathanson, Katherine L., Domchek, Susan M., Rebbeck, Timothy R., Arun, Banu K., Mitchell, Gillian, Karlan, Beth Y., Lester, Jenny, Orsulic, Sandra, Stoppa Lyonnet, Dominique, Thomas, Gilles, Simard, Jacques, Couch, Fergus J., Offit, Kenneth, Easton, Douglas F., Chenevix Trench, Georgia, Antoniou, Antonis C., Mazoyer, Sylvie, Phelan, Catherine M., Sinilnikova, Olga M., Cox, David G., Angelakos, Maggie, Maskiell, Judi, Dite, Gillian, Tsimiklis, Helen, Rudaitis, Vilius, Griškevicius, Laimonas, Eglitis, Drs Janis, Krilova, Anna, Stengrevics, Aivars, Ding, Chun, Steele, Linda, Barroso, Alicia, Alonso, Rosario, Pita, Guillermo, Viel, Alessandra, della Puppa, Lara, Barile, Monica, Tommasi, Stefania, Pilato, Brunella, Lambo, Rossana, Martayan, Aline, Tibiletti, Maria Grazia, Ellis, Steve, Fineberg, Elena, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, Gregory, Helen, Jeffers, Lisa, Ong, Kai Ren, Hoffman, Jonathan, James, Margaret, Paterson, Joan, Taylor, Amy, Murray, Alexandra, Mccann, Emma, Barton, David, Drummond, Sarah, Kivuva, Emma, Searle, Anne, Goodman, Selina, Hill, Kathryn, Murday, Victoria, Bradshaw, Nicola, Snadden, Lesley, Longmuir, Mark, Watt, Catherine, Gibson, Sarah, Haque, Eshika, Tobias, Ed, Duncan, Alexis, Jacobs, Chris, Langman, Caroline, Dorkins, Huw, Serra Feliu, Gemma, Ellis, Ian, Houghton, Catherine, Lalloo, Fiona, Taylor, Jane, Male, Alison, Berlin, Cheryl, Eason, Jacqueline, Collier, Rebecca, Claber, Oonagh, Jobson, Irene, Mcleod, Diane, Halliday, Dorothy, Durell, Sarah, Stayner, Barbara, Shanley, Susan, Rahman, Nazneen, Houlston, Richard, Bancroft, Elizabeth, Page, Elizabeth, Ardern Jones, Audrey, Kohut, Kelly, Wiggins, Jennifer, Castro, Elena, Killick, Emma, Martin, Sue, Rea, Gillian, Kulkarni, Anjana, Quarrell, Oliver, Bardsley, Cathryn, Goff, Sheila, Brice, Glen, Winchester, Lizzie, Eddy, Charlotte, Tripathi, Vishakha, Attard, Virginia, Lehmann, Anna, Lucassen, Anneke, Crawford, Gillian, Mcbride, Donna, Smalley, Sarah, Weaver, Jo Ellen, Bove, Betsy, Verny Pierre, Carole, Calender, Alain, Giraud, Sophie, Léone, Mélanie, Gauthier Villars, Marion, Buecher, Bruno, Houdayer, Claude, Moncoutier, Virginie, Belotti, Muriel, Tirapo, Carole, Bressac de Paillerets, Brigitte, Caron, Olivier, Handallou, Sandrine, Hardouin, Agnès, Berthet, Pascaline, Sobol, Hagay, Bourdon, Violaine, Noguchi, Tetsuro, Remenieras, Audrey, Eisinger, François, Coupier, Isabelle, Pujol, Pascal, Peyrat, Jean Philippe, Fournier, Joëlle, Révillion, Françoise, Vennin, Philippe, Adenis, Claude, Lidereau, Rosette, Demange, Liliane, Nogues, Catherine, Muller, Danièle, Fricker, Jean Pierre, Barouk Simonet, Emmanuelle, Bonnet, Françoise, Bubien, Virginie, Sevenet, Nicolas, Longy, Michel, Toulas, Christine, Guimbaud, Rosine, Gladieff, Laurence, Feillel, Viviane, Rebischung, Christine, Peysselon, Magalie, Coron, Fanny, Faivre, Laurence, Prieur, Fabienne, Lebrun, Marine, Kientz, Caroline, Ferrer, Sandra Fert, Frénay, Marc, Vénat Bouvet, Laurence, Delnatte, Capucine, Mortemousque, Isabelle, Coulet, Florence, Colas, Chrystelle, Soubrier, Florent, Sokolowska, Johanna, Bronner, Myriam, Collonge Rame, Marie Agnès, Damette, Alexandre, Lynch, Henry T., Snyder, Carrie L., Muranen, Taru A., Blomqvist, Drs Carl, Aaltonen, Kirsimari, Erkkilä, Irja, Palola, Virpi, Verhoef, S., Schmidt, M. K., de Lange, J. L., Wijnands, R., Collée, J. M., Hooning, M. J., Seynaeve, C., van Deurzen, C. H. M., Obdeijn, I. M., van Asperen, C. J., Wijnen, J. T., Tollenaar, R. A. E. M., van Cronenburg, T. C. T. E. F., Mensenkamp, A. R., Ausems, M. G. E. M., van Os, T. A. M., Gille, J. J. P., Waisfisz, Q., Gómez Garcia, E. B., Blok, M. J., van der Hout, A. H., Mourits, M. J., de Bock, G. H., Vasen, H. F., Siesling, S., Overbeek, L. I. H., Papp, Janos, Vaszko, Tibor, Bozsik, Aniko, Pocza, Timea, Franko, Judit, Balogh, Maria, Domokos, Gabriella, Ferenczi, Judit, Balmaña, J., Capella, Gabriel, Dumont, Martine, Tranchant, Martine, Peixoto, Ana, Santos, Catarina, Rocha, Patrícia, Pinto, Pedro, Thorne, Heather, Niedermayr, Eveline, Foretova, Lenka, Machackova, Eva, Zikan, Michal, Pohlreich, Petr, Kleibl, Zdenek, Dishon, Sara, Lejbkowicz, Flavio, Pinchev, Mila, Senter, Leigha, Sweet, Kevin, Craven, Caroline, O'Conor, Michelle, Borg, Ake, Olsson, Håkan, Jernström, Helena, Henriksson, Karin, Harbst, Katja, Soller, Maria, Kristoffersson, Ulf, Öfverholm, Anna, Nordling, Margareta, Karlsson, Per, Einbeigi, Zakaria, von Wachenfeldt, Anna, Liljegren, Annelie, Bustinza, Gisela Barbany, Rantala, Johanna, Ardnor, Christina Edwinsdotter, Emanuelsson, Monica, Ehrencrona, Hans, Pigg, Maritta Hellström, Stenmark Askmalm, Marie, Liedgren, Sigrun, Zvocec, Cecilia, Niu, Qun, Seldon, Joyce, Kwan, Lorna, Crawford, Beth, Loranger, Kate, Mak, Julie, Stewart, Nicola, Lee, Robin, Blanco, Amie, Conrad, Peggy, Chan, Salina, Pharoah, Paul D. P., Gayther, Simon, Pye, Carole, Harrington, Patricia, Wozniak, Eva, Lindeman, Geoffrey, Harris, Marion, Delatycki, Martin, Sawyer, Sarah, Driessen, Rebecca, Thompson, Ella, Breast Cancer Family Registry, Null, Embrace, Null, Biostatistiques santé, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Medical Oncology, Clinical Genetics, Radiotherapy, MUMC+: DA KG Lab Specialisten (9), Klinische Genetica, Genetica & Celbiologie, RS: FHML non-thematic output, [ 1 ] Univ Lyon 1, Ctr Rech Cancerol Lyon, CNRS, INSERM U1052,UMR5286, F-69365 Lyon, France [ 2 ] Univ Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France [ 3 ] Univ Lyon 1, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France [ 4 ] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut LBBE Biometrie & Bio, UMR 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France [ 5 ] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Informat Grenoble LIG, Equipe Projet Multiprogrammat & Ordonnancement Re, UMR 5217, F-38041 Grenoble, France [ 6 ] INRIA Rhone Alpes, Equipe Projet MOAIS, F-38334 Saint Ismier, France [ 7 ] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Canc Genet Epidemiol, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England [ 8 ] QIMR Berghofer, Dept Genet & Computat Biol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia [ 9 ] Univ Laval, Ctr Hosp Univ Quebec, Ctr Rech, Charlesbourg, PQ, Canada [ 10 ] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA [ 11 ] Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA [ 12 ] Columbia Univ, Dept Med, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA [ 13 ] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Salt Lake City, UT USA [ 14 ] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Huntsman Canc Inst, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA [ 15 ] Canc Prevent Inst Calif, Dept Epidemiol, Fremont, CA 94538 USA [ 16 ] Vilnius State Univ, Hosp Santariskiu Clin, Hematol Oncol & Transfus Med Ctr, Vilnius, Lithuania [ 17 ] State Res Inst, Ctr Innovat Med, Dept Mol & Regenerat Med, Vilnius, Lithuania [ 18 ] Latvian Biomed Res & Study Ctr, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia [ 19 ] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02215 USA [ 20 ] Univ Pretoria, Dept Genet, ZA-0028 Pretoria, South Africa [ 21 ] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Dept Populat Sci, Duarte, CA 91010 USA [ 22 ] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Genet, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 23 ] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Oncol, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 24 ] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Rigshosp, Ctr Genom Med, Copenhagen, Denmark [ 25 ] Spanish Natl Canc Res Ctr CNIO, Human Genet Grp, Madrid, Spain [ 26 ] Ctr Biomed Network Res Rare Dis CIBERER, Madrid, Spain [ 27 ] Hosp Clin Univ Lozano Blesa, Med Oncol Serv, Zaragoza 50009, Spain [ 28 ] Holy Cross Hosp, Michael & Dianne Bienes Comprehens Canc Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA [ 29 ] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Clin Canc Genet Community Res Network, Div Clin Canc Genet, Duarte, CA 91010 USA [ 30 ] John Muir Med Ctr, Walnut Creek, CA USA [ 31 ] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Clin Canc Genet Community Res Network, Duarte, CA 91010 USA [ 32 ] Ist FIRC Oncol Mol IFOM, I-20139 Milan, Italy [ 33 ] Ist Nazl Tumori, IRCCS, Dept Prevent & Predict Med, Unit Mol Bases Genet Risk & Genet Testing, I-20133 Milan, Italy [ 34 ] Cogentech Canc Genet Test Lab, I-20139 Milan, Italy [ 35 ] Ctr Riferimento Oncol CRO, Canc Bioimmunotherapy Unit, I-33081 Aviano, Italy [ 36 ] Ist Europeo Oncol, Div Canc Prevent & Genet, I-20141 Milan, Italy [ 37 ] Ist Nazl Tumori, IRCCS, Dept Prevent & Predict Med, Unit Med Genet, I-20133 Milan, Italy [ 38 ] Azienda Osped Univ San Martino Genova, IST Ist Nazl Ric Cancro, IRCCS, Dept Epidemiol Prevent & Special Funct,Unit Hered, I-16132 Genoa, Italy [ 39 ] FiorGen Fdn Pharmacogen, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy [ 40 ] Univ Florence, Dept Biomed Expt & Clin Sci, Unit Med Genet, Florence, Italy [ 41 ] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Mol Med, I-00185 Rome, Italy [ 42 ] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med Oncol, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece [ 43 ] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, INRASTES, Mol Diagnost Lab, Athens, Greece [ 44 ] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02215 USA [ 45 ] Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum DKFZ, Mol Genet Breast Canc, Heidelberg, Germany [ 46 ] St Michaels Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Bristol BS2 8EG, Avon, England [ 47 ] Kennedy Galton Ctr, North West Thames Reg Genet Serv, Harrow, Middx, England [ 48 ] Royal Devon & Exeter Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, Exeter EX2 5DW, Devon, England [ 49 ] Liverpool Womens NHS Fdn Trust, Merseyside & Cheshire Clin Genet Serv, Liverpool L8 7SS, Merseyside, England [ 50 ] Cent Manchester Univ Hosp, NHS Fdn Trust, Manchester Acad Hlth Sci Ctr, Genet Med, Manchester, Lancs, England [ 51 ] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Canc Genet Epidemiol, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Strangeways Res Lab, Cambridge CB1 8RN, England [ 52 ] Univ Southampton, Southampton Univ Hosp, NHS Trust, Fac Med, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England [ 53 ] Newcastle Upon Tyne Hosp, NHS Trust, Int Ctr Life, Inst Human Genet,Northern Genet Serv, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4EP, Tyne & Wear, England [ 54 ] Sheffield Childrens Hosp, Sheffield Clin Genet Serv, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England [ 55 ] Leeds Teaching Hosp, NHS Trust, Old Med Sch, Yorkshire Reg Genet Serv, Leeds LS1 3EX, W Yorkshire, England [ 56 ] Univ Hosp Leicester, NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirm, Dept Clin Genet,Leicestershire Clin Genet Serv, Leicester LE1 5WW, Leics, England [ 57 ] Churchill Hosp, Oxford Reg Genet Serv, Oxford OX3 7LE, England [ 58 ] Guys Hosp, Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Clin Genet Serv, London SE1 9RT, England [ 59 ] Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, NHS Trust, North East Thames Reg Genet Serv, London WC1N 3BH, England [ 60 ] Trinity Coll Dublin, Acad Unit Clin & Mol Oncol, Dublin 2, Ireland [ 61 ] St James Hosp, Med Oncol Serv, Dublin 8, Ireland [ 62 ] Cambridge Univ Hosp, Addenbrookes Hosp, NHS Fdn Trust, Addenbrookes Treatment Ctr,Dept Clin Genet,East A, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England [ 63 ] Univ Wales Hosp, All Wales Med Genet Serv, Cardiff CF14 4XW, S Glam, Wales [ 64 ] Western Gen Hosp, South East Scotland Reg Genet Serv, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland [ 65 ] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Med Dent & Biomed Sci, Ctr Canc Res & Cell Biol, Belfast BT9 7AE, Antrim, North Ireland [ 66 ] Belfast City Hosp, Belfast Hlth & Social Care Trust, Dept Med Genet, Belfast BT9 7AB, Antrim, North Ireland [ 67 ] Inst Canc Res, Oncogenet Team, London SW7 3RP, England [ 68 ] Royal Marsden NHS Fdn Trust, London SW7 3RP, England [ 69 ] Yorkhill Hosp, Ferguson Smith Ctr Clin Genet, Glasgow G3 8SJ, Lanark, Scotland [ 70 ] Univ London St Georges Hosp, Dept Med Genet, South West Thames Reg Genet Serv, London SW17 0RE, England [ 71 ] Birmingham Womens Hosp, Healthcare NHS Trust, West Midlands Reg Genet Serv, Birmingham B15 2TG, W Midlands, England [ 72 ] Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA [ 73 ] MedStar Georgetown Univ Hosp, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Washington, DC 20057 USA [ 74 ] Ghent Univ Hosp, Ctr Med Genet, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium [ 75 ] Tech Univ Munich, Univ Hosp Klinikum Rechts Isar, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Div Tumor Genet, D-81675 Munich, Germany [ 76 ] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Humangenet, Ctr Familial Breast & Ovarian Canc, Biozentrum,Dept Med Genet, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany [ 77 ] Univ Hosp Cologne, Fac Med, Canc Ctr Cologne, CIO,Ctr Hereditary Breast & Ovarian Canc, Cologne, Germany [ 78 ] Univ Cologne, CMMC, D-50931 Cologne, Germany [ 79 ] Univ Heidelberg Hosp, Inst Human Genet, Dept Human Genet, Heidelberg, Germany [ 80 ] Univ Leipzig, Fac Med, Inst Med Informat Stat & Epidemiol, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany [ 81 ] Univ Dusseldorf, Univ Hosp Dusseldorf, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany [ 82 ] Hannover Med Sch, Ctr Pathol & Forens & Genet Med, Inst Cell & Mol Pathol, D-30625 Hannover, Germany [ 83 ] Univ Med Ctr Schleswig Holstein, Inst Human Genet, D-24105 Kiel, Germany [ 84 ] Tech Univ Dresden, Univ Hosp Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, D-01062 Dresden, Germany [ 85 ] Univ Med Ctr Schleswig Holstein, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, D-24105 Kiel, Germany [ 86 ] Charite, Inst Med Genet & Human Genet, D-13353 Berlin, Germany [ 87 ] GC HBOC, Cologne, Germany [ 88 ] Univ Hosp Munster, Inst Human Genet, D-48149 Munster, Germany [ 89 ] Univ Hosp Ulm, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Ulm, Germany [ 90 ] Inst Curie, Dept Tumor Biol, F-75248 Paris 05, France [ 91 ] Ctr Leon Berard, Unite Prevent & Epidemiol Genet, F-69008 Lyon, France [ 92 ] CHU Grenoble, Genet Clin, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France [ 93 ] Univ Grenoble 1, INSERM, Inst Albert Bonniot, U823, F-38706 La Tronche, France [ 94 ] Hop Rene Huguenin, Lab Oncogenet, F-92210 St Cloud, France [ 95 ] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Ctr Jean Perrin, Dept Oncogenet, F-63011 Clermont Ferrand, France [ 96 ] Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Sydney Canc Ctr, Gynaecol Oncol, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia [ 97 ] Univ Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia [ 98 ] Univ N Carolina, Dept OB GYN, Gynecol Oncol Grp, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA [ 99 ] Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Gynecol Oncol Grp Stat & Data Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA [ 100 ] Brown Univ, Women & Infants Hosp, Providence, RI 02905 USA [ 101 ] Hlth Res Inst San Carlos Clin Hosp IdISSC, Mol Oncol Lab, Madrid 28040, Spain [ 102 ] Univ Helsinki, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Helsinki 00029, Finland [ 103 ] Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki 00029, Finland [ 104 ] Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, Dept Clin Genet, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland [ 105 ] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Family Canc Clin, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands [ 106 ] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Genet, Family Canc Clin, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands [ 107 ] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Human Genet, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands [ 108 ] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Clin Genet, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands [ 109 ] Netherlands Canc Inst, Dept Epidemiol, Amsterdam, Netherlands [ 110 ] Netherlands Canc Inst, Family Canc Clin, Amsterdam, Netherlands [ 111 ] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr Amsterdam, Dept Clin Genet, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands [ 112 ] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Genet, Groningen, Netherlands [ 113 ] Maastricht Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Genet, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands [ 114 ] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Human & Clin Genet, Dept Human Genet, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands [ 115 ] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, NL-2300 RC Leiden L1Q, Netherlands [ 116 ] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Dept Med Genet, Utrecht, Netherlands [ 117 ] Natl Inst Oncol, Dept Mol Genet, Budapest, Hungary [ 118 ] Univ Hosp Vall DHebron, Vall DHebron Inst Oncol VHIO, Vall DHebron Res Inst VHIR, Oncogenet Grp, Barcelona 08035, Spain [ 119 ] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain [ 120 ] Hosp Duran & Reynals, Catalan Inst Oncol, Inst Invest Biomed Bellvitge IDIBELL, Genet Counseling Unit,Hereditary Canc Program, Barcelona 08908, Spain [ 121 ] Hosp Duran & Reynals, Catalan Inst Oncol, Inst Invest Biomed Bellvitge IDIBELL, Mol Diagnost Unit,Hereditary Canc Program, Barcelona 08908, Spain [ 122 ] Pomeranian Med Univ, Fac Med & Dent, Dept Genet & Pathomorphol, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland [ 123 ] Landspitali Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland [ 124 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Sch Med, Sch Hlth Sci, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland [ 125 ] Nouvel Hop Civil, Hop Univ Strasbourg, Lab Diagnost Genet, F-67091 Strasbourg, France [ 126 ] Nouvel Hop Civil, Hop Univ Strasbourg, Serv Oncohematol, F-67091 Strasbourg, France [ 127 ] Univ Padua, Dept Surg Sci Oncol & Gastroenterol, Clin Surg 2, I-35124 Padua, Italy [ 128 ] IRCCS, IOV, Immunol & Mol Oncol Unit, I-35128 Padua, Italy [ 129 ] Portuguese Oncol Inst IPO PORTO, Dept Genet, P-4200072 Oporto, Portugal [ 130 ] Univ Porto, ICBAS, P-4050313 Oporto, Portugal [ 131 ] McGill Univ, Dept Human Genet & Oncol, Program Canc Genet, Montreal, PQ J2W 1S6, Canada [ 132 ] Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN 55905 USA [ 133 ] Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA [ 134 ] NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA [ 135 ] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Clin Genet Serv, New York, NY 10065 USA [ 136 ] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Clin Genet Res Lab, New York, NY 10065 USA [ 137 ] AKH Wien, Med Univ Vienna, Univ Klin Frauenheilkun, Comprehens Canc Ctr Vienna,Dept Obstet & Gynecol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria [ 138 ] NCI, Clin Genet Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA [ 139 ] Natl Israeli Canc Control Ctr, IL-34361 Haifa, Israel [ 140 ] Carmel Hosp, Dept Community Med & Epidemiol, Clalit Hlth Serv, IL-34361 Haifa, Israel [ 141 ] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Fac Med, IL-34362 Haifa, Israel [ 142 ] NN Petrov Oncol Res Inst, St Petersburg 197758, Russia [ 143 ] Univ Toronto, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada [ 144 ] St Michaels Hosp, Keenan Res Ctr, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Inst, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada [ 145 ] Canc Care Ontario, Ontario Canc Genet Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2L7, Canada [ 146 ] Mt Sinai Hosp, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada [ 147 ] Univ Toronto, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada [ 148 ] Dept Human Canc Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA [ 149 ] Ohio State Univ, Wexner Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA [ 150 ] Ohio State Univ, Wexner Med Ctr, Dept Mol Virol Immunol & Med Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA [ 151 ] Ohio State Univ, Arthur G James Canc Hosp, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Columbus, OH 43210 USA [ 152 ] Richard J Solove Res Inst OSUCCC James, Columbus, OH 43210 USA [ 153 ] Aalborg Univ Hosp, Dept Biochem, Sect Mol Diagnost, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark [ 154 ] Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark [ 155 ] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark [ 156 ] Azienda Osped Univ Pisana, Osped S Chiara, Div Anat Patol & Diagnost Mol & Ultrastrutturale, Lab Genet Oncol, I-56126 Pisa, Italy [ 157 ] Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Danek Gertner Inst Human Genet, Sheba Lab Mol Genet, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel [ 158 ] Inst Oncol, Rivka Ziv Med Ctr, IL-13100 Maimonides, Safed, Israel [ 159 ] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Canc Genet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden [ 160 ] Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci, Oncol, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden [ 161 ] Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Oncol Pathol, Radiumhemmet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden [ 162 ] Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Clin Sci, Div Oncol & Pathol, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden [ 163 ] Uppsala Univ, Dept Immunol Genet & Pathol, Rudbeck Lab, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden [ 164 ] Univ Chicago, Ctr Clin Canc Genet & Global Hlth, Chicago, IL 60637 USA [ 165 ] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med & Genet, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA [ 166 ] Univ So Calif, Norris Comprehens Canc Ctr, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA [ 167 ] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Abramson Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA [ 168 ] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Abramson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA [ 169 ] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Breast Med Oncol, Div Canc Med, Houston, TX 77230 USA [ 170 ] Peter MacCallum Canc Ctr, Familial Canc Ctr, Sir Peter MacCallum Dept Oncol, East Melbourne, Vic 3002, Australia [ 171 ] Univ Melbourne, Sir Peter MacCallum Dept Oncol, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia [ 172 ] Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Samuel Oschin Comprehens Canc Inst, Womens Canc Program, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA [ 173 ] INSERM, Inst Curie, Serv Genet Oncol, F-75248 Paris, France [ 174 ] Univ Paris 05, Fac Med, Sorbonne Paris Cite, F-75006 Paris, France [ 175 ] Univ Lyon 1, Fac Med Lyon Est, Genet Med, F-69373 Lyon 08, France [ 176 ] Ctr Leon Berard, Fdn Synergie Lyon Canc, Inst Natl Canc INCa, F-69008 Lyon 08, France [ 177 ] Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA [ 178 ] H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Canc Epidemiol, Tampa, FL 33612 USA [ 179 ] Ctr Leon Berard, Hosp Civils Lyon, Unite Mixte Genet Constitut Canc Frequents, F-69373 Lyon 08, France [ 180 ] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Clin Canc Genet Community Res Network, Duarte, CA 91010 USA, Human genetics, CCA - Oncogenesis, MUMC+: DA KG Lab Centraal Lab (9), Lee, Andrew [0000-0003-0677-0252], Dennis, Joe [0000-0003-4591-1214], Tischkowitz, Marc [0000-0002-7880-0628], Antoniou, Antonis [0000-0001-9223-3116], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), Targeted Gynaecologic Oncology (TARGON), Human Genetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinicum, Medicum, Kristiina Aittomäki / Principal Investigator, and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics

Subjects
Genetic modifiers, Dna haplogroups, endocrine system diseases, Genes, BRCA2, Genes, BRCA1, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], ADN mitocondrial, SUSCEPTIBILITY, VARIANTS, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast Cancer Family Registry, Brjóstakrabbamein, MULTIPLE, Aetiology, skin and connective tissue diseases, Phylogeny, Cancer, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, education.field_of_study, Variants, SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS, Subclade, Mitochondrial DNA, 3. Good health, ddc, Damage, Oncology, Ovarian, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, DISEASES, Multiple, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9], Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Breast Neoplasms/genetics, EMBRACE, GEMO Study Collaborators, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 15], Genetics, Humans, education, Cancer och onkologi, Haplotype, BRCA2, Genes, mitochondrial haplogroup T1a1, breast cancer, BRCA2, Cancer and Oncology, GENETIC MODIFIERS, Polymorphisms, Cancer Research, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.disease_cause, Haplogroup, 610 Medical sciences Medicine, 3123 Gynaecology and paediatrics, Medicine and Health Sciences, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, OXIDATIVE STRESS, Non-U.S. Gov't, Medicine(all), Gen, BRCA1 Protein, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Cohort, OVARIAN, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial, Genes, Mitochondrial, Female, Research Article, Risk, Heterozygote, BRCA1 protein, breast neoplasms, female, genetic predisposition to disease, haplotypes, humans, phylogeny, risk, genes, BRCA2, genes, mitochondrial, heterozygote, mutation, cancer research, oncology, Population, 3122 Cancers, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Breast Neoplasms, Biology, Research Support, Càncer de mama, Breast Cancer, medicine, Journal Article, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, HEBON, 030304 developmental biology, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], CONSORTIUM, African, DNA HAPLOGROUPS, Arfgengi, Haplotypes, Susceptibility, BRCA1 Protein/genetics, Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Abstract

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access. Individuals carrying pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in DNA double-strand break repair, DNA alterations that can be caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species, a main source of which are mitochondria. Mitochondrial genome variations affect electron transport chain efficiency and reactive oxygen species production. Individuals with different mitochondrial haplogroups differ in their metabolism and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Variability in mitochondrial genetic background can alter reactive oxygen species production, leading to cancer risk. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial haplogroups modify breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. We genotyped 22,214 (11,421 affected, 10,793 unaffected) mutation carriers belonging to the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 for 129 mitochondrial polymorphisms using the iCOGS array. Haplogroup inference and association detection were performed using a phylogenetic approach. ALTree was applied to explore the reference mitochondrial evolutionary tree and detect subclades enriched in affected or unaffected individuals. We discovered that subclade T1a1 was depleted in affected BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with the rest of clade T (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34 to 0.88; P = 0.01). Compared with the most frequent haplogroup in the general population (that is, H and T clades), the T1a1 haplogroup has a HR of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.95; P = 0.03). We also identified three potential susceptibility loci, including G13708A/rs28359178, which has demonstrated an inverse association with familial breast cancer risk. This study illustrates how original approaches such as the phylogeny-based method we used can empower classical molecular epidemiological studies aimed at identifying association or risk modification effects. European Commission Seventh Framework Program 223175: HEALTH-F2-2009-223175 Cancer Research UK C12292/A11174 C1287/A10118 C1287/A11990 C5047/A8385 National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) program National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) American Cancer Society Early Detection Professorship SIOP-06-258-01-COUN Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health UM1 CA164920 Lithuania (BFBOCC-LT): Research Council of Lithuania LIG-07/2012 LSC 10.0010.08 European Social Fund 2009/0220/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/016 Liepaja City Council, Liepaja, Latvia Breast Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA) Morris and Horowitz Families Professorship in Cancer Etiology and Outcomes Research NEYE Foundation Spanish Association against Cancer (Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer) AECC08 Thematic Network Cooperative Research in Cancer (Red Tematica Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer (RTICC), Centro de Investigacion Cancer, Salamanca, Spain) RTICC 06/0020/1060 Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation FIS PI08 1120 Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (FIS) SAF2010-20493 Fundacion Mutua Madrilena (FMMA) City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Network and the Hereditary Cancer Research Registry (COH-CCGCRN) National Cancer Institute and the Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health RC4CA153828 Italian citizens Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) European Union (European Social Fund (ESF) Greek national funds through the "Education and Lifelong Learning" operational program of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program of the General Secretariat for Research and Technology: ARISTEIA "Heracleitus II: Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund" Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) grant to the Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK NIHR grant to the Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London University of Kansas Cancer Center P30 CA168524 Kansas Bioscience Authority Eminent Scholar Program Chancellors Distinguished Chair in Biomedical Sciences Professorship German Cancer Aid 109076 Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) Ligue National Contre le Cancer Association "Le cancer du sein, parlons-en!" Award Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer program GOA BOF10/GOA/019 Ghent University Hospital National Cancer Institute grants to the GOG Administrative Office and Tissue Bank CA 27469 GOG Statistical and Data Center CA 37517 GOG's Cancer Prevention and Control Committee CA 101165 Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain RD12/00369/0006 12/00539 European Regional Development Fund (Fonds europeen de developpement regional (FEDER)) funds Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Fund Academy of Finland 266528 Finnish Cancer Society Sigrid Juselius Foundation Dutch Cancer Society NKI1998-1854 NKI2004-3088 NKI2007-3756 Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research NWO 91109024 Pink Ribbon grant 110005 Biobanking and Molecular Resource Infrastructure (BBMRI) NWO 184.021.007/CP46 Hungarian Research and Technological Innovation Fund (KTIA)/Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (Orszagos Tudomanyos Kutatasi Alapprogramok (OTKA)) KTIA-OTKA CK-80745 KTIA-OTKA K-112228 Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO): contract grant sponsor: Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer Spanish Health Research Foundation Ramon Areces Foundation Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Catalan Health Institute Autonomous Government of Catalonia International Hereditary Cancer Center (Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland) PBZ_KBN_122/P05/2004 Icelandic Association "Walking for Breast Cancer Research" Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for the "CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer" program, Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance 019511 Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade PSR-SIIRI-701 Ministero della Salute and a "5 x 1,000" Istituto Oncologico Veneto grant Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro National Breast Cancer Foundation Queensland Cancer Fund Cancer Councils of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia Cancer Foundation of Western Australia National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the National Cancer Institute (NCI) CA 116167 CA 128978 CA 176785 NCI Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer CA116201 US Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Idea award W81XWH-10-1-0341 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic to Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute MMCI 00209805 European Regional Development Fund State Budget of the Czech Republic (RECAMO) CZ. 1.05/2.1.00/03.0101 Charles University in Prague project UNCE204024 Robert and Kate Niehaus Clinical Cancer Genetics Initiative Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute Westat, Inc, Rockville, MD, USA N02-CP-11019-50 N02-CP-65504 Clalit Health Services in Israel Israel Cancer Association Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF), New York, NY, USA Russian Federation for Basic Research 11-04-00227 12-04-00928 12-04-01490 Federal Agency for Science and Innovations, Russia 02.740.11.0780 Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT) Israeli Inherited Breast Cancer Consortium Swedish Breast Cancer Swedish Cancer Society Ralph and Marion Falk Medical Research Trust Entertainment Industry Fund National Women's Cancer Research Alliance University of California, Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center Foundation: Breast Cancer Research Foundation University of California, San Francisco Cancer Risk Program and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer Research UK University of Pennsylvania: National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 CA102776 R01 CA083855 Susan G Komen for the Cure, Basser Center for BRCA Victorian Familial Cancer Trials Group (VFCTG): Victorian Cancer Agency, Cancer Australia, National Breast Cancer Foundation 5U01 CA113916 R01 CA140323 ISCIIIRETIC RD06/0020/1051 PI09/02483 PI10/01422 PI10/00748 PI13/00285 PI13/00189 2009SGR290 PI13/00189 2009SGR283 CA125183 R01 CA142996 1U01CA161032

Published
2015

12. An original phylogenetic approach identified mitochondrial haplogroup T1a1 as inversely associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers

Author

Blein, Sophie, Bardel, Claire, Danjean, Vincent, McGuffog, Lesley, Healey, Sue, Barrowdale, Daniel, Lee, Andrew, Dennis, Joe, Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B, Soucy, Penny, Terry, Mary Beth, Chung, Wendy K, Goldgar, David E, Buys, Saundra S, Breast Cancer Family Registry, Janavicius, Ramunas, Tihomirova, Laima, Tung, Nadine, Dorfling, Cecilia M, Van Rensburg, Elizabeth J, Neuhausen, Susan L, Ding, Yuan Chun, Gerdes, Anne-Marie, Ejlertsen, Bent, Nielsen, Finn C, Hansen, Thomas Vo, Osorio, Ana, Benitez, Javier, Conejero, Raquel Andrés, Segota, Ena, Weitzel, Jeffrey N, Thelander, Margo, Peterlongo, Paolo, Radice, Paolo, Pensotti, Valeria, Dolcetti, Riccardo, Bonanni, Bernardo, Peissel, Bernard, Zaffaroni, Daniela, Scuvera, Giulietta, Manoukian, Siranoush, Varesco, Liliana, Capone, Gabriele L, Papi, Laura, Ottini, Laura, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Konstantopoulou, Irene, Garber, Judy, Hamann, Ute, Donaldson, Alan, Brady, Angela, Brewer, Carole, Foo, Claire, Evans, D Gareth, Frost, Debra, Eccles, Diana, EMBRACE, Douglas, Fiona, Cook, Jackie, Adlard, Julian, Barwell, Julian, Walker, Lisa, Izatt, Louise, Side, Lucy E, Kennedy, M John, Tischkowitz, Marc, Rogers, Mark T, Porteous, Mary E, Morrison, Patrick J, Platte, Radka, Eeles, Ros, Davidson, Rosemarie, Hodgson, Shirley, Cole, Trevor, Godwin, Andrew K, Isaacs, Claudine, Claes, Kathleen, De Leeneer, Kim, Meindl, Alfons, Gehrig, Andrea, Wappenschmidt, Barbara, Sutter, Christian, Engel, Christoph, Niederacher, Dieter, Steinemann, Doris, Plendl, Hansjoerg, Kast, Karin, Rhiem, Kerstin, Ditsch, Nina, Arnold, Norbert, Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda, Schmutzler, Rita K, Preisler-Adams, Sabine, Markov, Nadja Bogdanova, Wang-Gohrke, Shan, De Pauw, Antoine, Lefol, Cédrick, Lasset, Christine, Leroux, Dominique, Rouleau, Etienne, Damiola, Francesca, GEMO Study Collaborators, Dreyfus, Hélène, Barjhoux, Laure, Golmard, Lisa, Uhrhammer, Nancy, Bonadona, Valérie, Sornin, Valérie, Bignon, Yves-Jean, Carter, Jonathan, Van Le, Linda, Piedmonte, Marion, DiSilvestro, Paul A, De La Hoya, Miguel, Caldes, Trinidad, Nevanlinna, Heli, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Jager, Agnes, Van Den Ouweland, Ans Mw, Kets, Carolien M, Aalfs, Cora M, Van Leeuwen, Flora E, Hogervorst, Frans Bl, Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne Ej, HEBON, Oosterwijk, Jan C, Van Roozendaal, Kees Ep, Rookus, Matti A, Devilee, Peter, Van Der Luijt, Rob B, Olah, Edith, Diez, Orland, Teulé, Alex, Lazaro, Conxi, Blanco, Ignacio, Del Valle, Jesús, Jakubowska, Anna, Sukiennicki, Grzegorz, Gronwald, Jacek, Lubinski, Jan, Durda, Katarzyna, Jaworska-Bieniek, Katarzyna, Agnarsson, Bjarni A, Maugard, Christine, Amadori, Alberto, Montagna, Marco, Teixeira, Manuel R, Spurdle, Amanda B, Foulkes, William, Olswold, Curtis, Lindor, Noralane M, Pankratz, Vernon S, Szabo, Csilla I, Lincoln, Anne, Jacobs, Lauren, Corines, Marina, Robson, Mark, Vijai, Joseph, Berger, Andreas, Fink-Retter, Anneliese, Singer, Christian F, Rappaport, Christine, Kaulich, Daphne Geschwantler, Pfeiler, Georg, Tea, Muy-Kheng, Greene, Mark H, Mai, Phuong L, Rennert, Gad, Imyanitov, Evgeny N, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Glendon, Gord, Andrulis, Irene L, Tchatchou, Sandrine, Toland, Amanda Ewart, Pedersen, Inge Sokilde, Thomassen, Mads, Kruse, Torben A, Jensen, Uffe Birk, Caligo, Maria A, Friedman, Eitan, Zidan, Jamal, Laitman, Yael, Lindblom, Annika, Melin, Beatrice, Arver, Brita, Loman, Niklas, Rosenquist, Richard, Olopade, Olufunmilayo I, Nussbaum, Robert L, Ramus, Susan J, Nathanson, Katherine L, Domchek, Susan M, Rebbeck, Timothy R, Arun, Banu K, Mitchell, Gillian, Karlan, Beth Y, Lester, Jenny, Orsulic, Sandra, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Thomas, Gilles, Simard, Jacques, Couch, Fergus J, Offit, Kenneth, Easton, Douglas F, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Antoniou, Antonis C, Mazoyer, Sylvie, Phelan, Catherine M, Sinilnikova, Olga M, and Cox, David G

Subjects
Risk, Heterozygote, Genes, Mitochondrial, Haplotypes, BRCA1 Protein, Genes, BRCA2, Mutation, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Phylogeny, 3. Good health
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Individuals carrying pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in DNA double-strand break repair, DNA alterations that can be caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species, a main source of which are mitochondria. Mitochondrial genome variations affect electron transport chain efficiency and reactive oxygen species production. Individuals with different mitochondrial haplogroups differ in their metabolism and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Variability in mitochondrial genetic background can alter reactive oxygen species production, leading to cancer risk. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial haplogroups modify breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. METHODS: We genotyped 22,214 (11,421 affected, 10,793 unaffected) mutation carriers belonging to the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 for 129 mitochondrial polymorphisms using the iCOGS array. Haplogroup inference and association detection were performed using a phylogenetic approach. ALTree was applied to explore the reference mitochondrial evolutionary tree and detect subclades enriched in affected or unaffected individuals. RESULTS: We discovered that subclade T1a1 was depleted in affected BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with the rest of clade T (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34 to 0.88; P = 0.01). Compared with the most frequent haplogroup in the general population (that is, H and T clades), the T1a1 haplogroup has a HR of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.95; P = 0.03). We also identified three potential susceptibility loci, including G13708A/rs28359178, which has demonstrated an inverse association with familial breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates how original approaches such as the phylogeny-based method we used can empower classical molecular epidemiological studies aimed at identifying association or risk modification effects.

13. No evidence that protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with breast cancer risk: implications for gene panel testing

Author

Easton, Douglas F, Lesueur, Fabienne, Decker, Brennan, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Li, Jun, Allen, Jamie, Luccarini, Craig, Pooley, Karen A, Shah, Mitul, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, Ahmad, Jamil, Thompson, Ella R, Damiola, Francesca, Pertesi, Maroulio, Voegele, Catherine, Mebirouk, Noura, Robinot, Nivonirina, Durand, Geoffroy, Forey, Nathalie, Luben, Robert N, Ahmed, Shahana, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Arndt, Volker, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Baynes, Caroline, Beckman, Matthias W, Benitez, Javier, Van Den Berg, David, Blot, William J, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bojesen, Stig E, Brenner, Hermann, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chia, Kee Seng, Choi, Ji-Yeob, Conroy, Don M, Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S, Czene, Kamila, Darabi, Hatef, Devilee, Peter, Eriksson, Mikael, Fasching, Peter A, Figueroa, Jonine, Flyger, Henrik, Fostira, Florentia, García-Closas, Montserrat, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, González-Neira, Anna, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A, Hall, Per, Hart, Steven N, Hartman, Mikael, Hooning, Maartje J, Hsiung, Chia-Ni, Ito, Hidemi, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul A, John, Esther M, Johnson, Nichola, Jones, Michael, Kabisch, Maria, Kang, Daehee, KConFab Investigators, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Kristensen, Vessela, Lambrechts, Diether, Li, Na, Lifepool Investigators, Lindblom, Annika, Long, Jirong, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Lubinski, Jan, Mannermaa, Arto, Manoukian, Siranoush, Margolin, Sara, Matsuo, Keitaro, Meindl, Alfons, Mitchell, Gillian, Muir, Kenneth, NBCS Investigators, Nevelsteen, Ines, Van Den Ouweland, Ans, Peterlongo, Paolo, Phuah, Sze Yee, Pylkäs, Katri, Rowley, Simone M, Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Schmutzler, Rita K, Shen, Chen-Yang, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Southey, Melissa C, Surowy, Harald, Swerdlow, Anthony, Teo, Soo H, Tollenaar, Rob AEM, Tomlinson, Ian, Torres, Diana, Truong, Thérèse, Vachon, Celine, Verhoef, Senno, Wong-Brown, Michelle, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Ying, Nevanlinna, Heli, Scott, Rodney J, Andrulis, Irene L, Wu, Anna H, Hopper, John L, Couch, Fergus J, Winqvist, Robert, Burwinkel, Barbara, Sawyer, Elinor J, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Rudolph, Anja, Dörk, Thilo, Brauch, Hiltrud, Hamann, Ute, Neuhausen, Susan L, Milne, Roger L, Fletcher, Olivia, Pharoah, Paul DP, Campbell, Ian G, Dunning, Alison M, Le Calvez-Kelm, Florence, Goldgar, David E, Tavtigian, Sean V, and Chenevix-Trench, Georgia

Subjects
Adult, Risk, Cancer: breast, Breast Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins, White People, 3. Good health, Cohort Studies, DNA-Binding Proteins, Mutation, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Association Studies, RNA Helicases, Aged
Abstract

BACKGROUND: BRCA1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1 (BRIP1) is one of the Fanconi Anaemia Complementation (FANC) group family of DNA repair proteins. Biallelic mutations in BRIP1 are responsible for FANC group J, and previous studies have also suggested that rare protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. These studies have led to inclusion of BRIP1 on targeted sequencing panels for breast cancer risk prediction. METHODS: We evaluated a truncating variant, p.Arg798Ter (rs137852986), and 10 missense variants of BRIP1, in 48 144 cases and 43 607 controls of European origin, drawn from 41 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Additionally, we sequenced the coding regions of BRIP1 in 13 213 cases and 5242 controls from the UK, 1313 cases and 1123 controls from three population-based studies as part of the Breast Cancer Family Registry, and 1853 familial cases and 2001 controls from Australia. RESULTS: The rare truncating allele of rs137852986 was observed in 23 cases and 18 controls in Europeans in BCAC (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.03, p=0.79). Truncating variants were found in the sequencing studies in 34 cases (0.21%) and 19 controls (0.23%) (combined OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.70, p=0.75). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that truncating variants in BRIP1, and in particular p.Arg798Ter, are not associated with a substantial increase in breast cancer risk. Such observations have important implications for the reporting of results from breast cancer screening panels.

14. Breast cancer risk prediction using a polygenic risk score in the familial setting: a prospective study from the Breast Cancer Family Registry and kConFab

Author

Li, Hongyan, Feng, Bingjian, Miron, Alexander, Chen, Xiaoqing, Beesley, Jonathan, Bimeh, Emmanuella, Barrowdale, Daniel, John, Esther M, Daly, Mary B, Andrulis, Irene L, Buys, Saundra S, Kraft, Peter, KConFab Investigators, Thorne, Heather, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Southey, Melissa C, Antoniou, Antonis C, James, Paul A, Terry, Mary Beth, Phillips, Kelly-Anne, Hopper, John L, Mitchell, Gillian, and Goldgar, David E

Subjects
Adult, Multifactorial Inheritance, Breast Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Assessment, 3. Good health, Risk Factors, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Registries, Early Detection of Cancer, Aged
Abstract

PURPOSE: This study examined the utility of sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in familial but non-BRCA-associated breast cancer (BC). METHODS: We derived a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 24 known BC risk SNPs for 4,365 women from the Breast Cancer Family Registry and Kathleen Cuningham Consortium Foundation for Research into Familial Breast Cancer familial BC cohorts. We compared scores for women based on cancer status at baseline; 2,599 women unaffected at enrollment were followed-up for an average of 7.4 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the association of PRS with BC risk. The BOADICEA risk prediction algorithm was used to measure risk based on family history alone. RESULTS: The mean PRS at baseline was 2.25 (SD, 0.35) for affected women and was 2.17 (SD, 0.35) for unaffected women from combined cohorts (P < 10-6). During follow-up, 205 BC cases occurred. The hazard ratios for continuous PRS (per SD) and upper versus lower quintiles were 1.38 (95% confidence interval: 1.22-1.56) and 3.18 (95% confidence interval: 1.84-5.23) respectively. Based on their PRS-based predicted risk, management for up to 23% of women could be altered. CONCLUSION: Including BC-associated SNPs in risk assessment can provide more accurate risk prediction than family history alone and can influence recommendations for cancer screening and prevention modalities for high-risk women.Genet Med 19 1, 30-35.

15. Male breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: pathology data from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2

Author

Silvestri, Barrowdale, V., DMulligan A. M., C, dEmail, Author, Neuhausen, eEmail Author, S. L., Fox, fEmail Author, S., Karlan, gEmail Author, B. Y., Mitchell G., H, iEmail, Author, James P., H, Thull, jEmail Author, D. L., Zorn, jEmail Author, K. K., Carter, kEmail Author, N. J., Nathanson, lEmail Author, K. L., Domchek, lEmail Author, S. M., Rebbeck, mEmail Author, T. R., Ramus, nEmail Author, S. J., Nussbaum, oEmail Author, R. L., Olopade, pEmail Author, O. I., Rantala, qEmail Author, J., Yoon, S. -Y., R, sEmail, Author, Caligo, tEmail Author, M. A., Spugnesi, tEmail Author, L., Bojesen, uEmail Author, A., Pedersen, vEmail Author, I. S., Thomassen, wEmail Author, M., Jensen, xEmail Author, U. B., Toland, yEmail Author, A. E., Senter, zEmail Author, L., Andrulis I. L., D, abEmail, Author, Glendon, aaEmail Author, G., Hulick, acEmail Author, P. J., Imyanitov, adEmail Author, E. N., Greene, aeEmail Author, M. H., Mai, aeEmail Author, P. L., Singer, afEmail Author, C. F., Rappaport-Fuerhauser, afEmail Author, C., Kramer, agEmail Author, G., Vijai, ahEmail Author, J., Offit, ahEmail Author, K., Robson, aiEmail Author, M., Lincoln, ahEmail Author, A., Jacobs, ahEmail Author, L., Machackova, ajEmail Author, E., Foretova, akEmail Author, L., Navratilova, ajEmail Author, M., Vasickova, ajEmail Author, P., Couch, F. J., Al, amEmail, Author, Hallberg, amEmail Author, E., Ruddy, anEmail Author, K. J., Sharma, aoEmail Author, P., Kim, apEmail Author, S. -W., Teixeira, M. R., Aq, arEmail, Author, Pinto, aqEmail Author, P., Montagna, asEmail Author, M., Matricardi, asEmail Author, L., Arason, atEmail Author, A., Johannsson, auEmail Author, O. T., Barkardottir, atEmail Author, R. B., Jakubowska, avEmail Author, A., Lubinski, avEmail Author, J., Izquierdo, awEmail Author, A., Pujana, axEmail Author, M. A., Balmaña, ayEmail Author, J., Diez, azEmail Author, O., Ivady, baEmail Author, G., Papp, bbEmail Author, J., Olah, bbEmail Author, E., Kwong, Bc, A., bdEmail, Author, Nevanlinna, beEmail Author, H., Aittomäki, bfEmail Author, K., Perez, Segura, bgEmail Author, P., Caldes, bhEmail Author, T., Van, Maerken, biEmail Author, T., Poppe, biEmail Author, B., Claes, biEmail Author, K. B. M., Isaacs, bjEmail Author, C., Elan, bkEmail Author, C., Lasset, Bl, C., bmEmail, Author, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Bk, D., bnEmail, Author, Barjhoux, boEmail Author, L., Belotti, bkEmail Author, M., Meindl, bpEmail Author, A., Gehrig, bqEmail Author, A., Sutter, brEmail Author, C., Engel, bsEmail Author, C., Niederacher, btEmail Author, D., Steinemann, buEmail Author, D., Hahnen, bvEmail Author, E., Kast, bwEmail Author, K., Arnold, bxEmail Author, N., Varon-Mateeva, byEmail Author, R., Wand, bzEmail Author, D., Godwin, caEmail Author, A. K., Evans, cbEmail Author, D. G., Frost, bEmail Author, D., Perkins, bEmail Author, J., Adlard, ccEmail Author, J., Izatt, cdEmail Author, L., Platte, ceEmail Author, R., Eeles, cfEmail Author, R., Ellis, bEmail Author, S., Hamann, cfEmail Author, U., Garber, cgEmail Author, J., Fostira, chEmail Author, F., Fountzilas, ciEmail Author, G., Pasini, Cj, B., ckEmail, Author, Giannini, aEmail Author, G., Rizzolo, aEmail Author, P., Russo, clEmail Author, A., Cortesi, cmEmail Author, L., Papi, Laura, cnEmail Author, L., Varesco, coEmail Author, L., Palli, cpEmail Author, D., Zanna, cpEmail Author, I., Savarese, cqEmail Author, A., Radice, crEmail Author, P., Manoukian, csEmail Author, S., Peissel, csEmail Author, B., Barile, ctEmail Author, M., Bonanni, ctEmail Author, B., Viel, cuEmail Author, A., Pensotti, Cv, V., cwEmail, Author, Tommasi, cxEmail Author, S., Peterlongo, cvEmail Author, P., Weitzel, cyEmail Author, J. 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C., Ottini, Papi, L, Pathology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinicum, Medicum, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Silvestri, Valentina, Barrowdale, Daniel, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Neuhausen, Susan L., Fox, Stephen, Karlan, Beth Y., Mitchell, Gillian, James, Paul, Thull, Darcy L., Zorn, Kristin K., Carter, Natalie J., Nathanson, Katherine L., Domchek, Susan M., Rebbeck, Timothy R., Ramus, Susan J., Nussbaum, Robert L., Olopade, Olufunmilayo I., Rantala, Johanna, Yoon, Sook-Yee, Caligo, Maria A., Spugnesi, Laura, Bojesen, Ander, Pedersen, Inge Sokilde, Thomassen, Mad, Jensen, Uffe Birk, Toland, Amanda Ewart, Senter, Leigha, Andrulis, Irene L., Glendon, Gord, Hulick, Peter J., Imyanitov, Evgeny N., Greene, Mark H., Mai, Phuong L., Singer, Christian F., Rappaport-Fuerhauser, Christine, Kramer, Gero, Vijai, Joseph, Offit, Kenneth, Robson, Mark, Lincoln, Anne, Jacobs, Lauren, Machackova, Eva, Foretova, Lenka, Navratilova, Marie, Vasickova, Petra, Couch, Fergus J., Hallberg, Emily, Ruddy, Kathryn J., Sharma, Priyanka, Kim, Sung-Won, Teixeira, Manuel R., Pinto, Pedro, Montagna, Marco, Matricardi, Laura, Arason, Adalgeir, Johannsson, Oskar Th, Barkardottir, Rosa B., Jakubowska, Anna, Lubinski, Jan, Izquierdo, Angel, Pujana, Miguel Angel, Balmaña, Judith, Diez, Orland, Ivady, Gabriella, Papp, Jano, Olah, Edith, Kwong, Ava, Nevanlinna, Heli, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Perez Segura, Pedro, Caldes, Trinidad, Van Maerken, Tom, Poppe, Bruce, Claes, Kathleen B.M., Isaacs, Claudine, Elan, Camille, Lasset, Christine, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Barjhoux, Laure, Belotti, Muriel, Meindl, Alfon, Gehrig, Andrea, Sutter, Christian, Engel, Christoph, Niederacher, Dieter, Steinemann, Dori, Hahnen, Eric, Kast, Karin, Arnold, Norbert, Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda, Wand, Dorothea, Godwin, Andrew K., Evans, D.Gareth, Frost, Debra, Perkins, Jo, Adlard, Julian, Izatt, Louise, Platte, Radka, Eeles, Ro, Ellis, Steve, Hamann, Ute, Garber, Judy, Fostira, Florentia, Fountzilas, George, Pasini, Barbara, Giannini, Giuseppe, Rizzolo, Piera, Russo, Antonio, Cortesi, Laura, Papi, Laura, Varesco, Liliana, Palli, Domenico, Zanna, Ine, Savarese, Antonella, Radice, Paolo, Manoukian, Siranoush, Peissel, Bernard, Barile, Monica, Bonanni, Bernardo, Viel, Alessandra, Pensotti, Valeria, Tommasi, Stefania, Peterlongo, Paolo, Weitzel, Jeffrey N., Osorio, Ana, Benitez, Javier, McGuffog, Lesley, Healey, Sue, Gerdes, Anne-Marie, Ejlertsen, Bent, Hansen, Thomas V.O., Steele, Linda, Ding, Yuan Chun, Tung, Nadine, Janavicius, Ramuna, Goldgar, David E., Buys, Saundra S., Daly, Mary B., Bane, Anita, Terry, Mary Beth, John, Esther M., Southey, Melissa, Easton, Douglas F., Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Antoniou, Antonis C., and Ottini, Laura

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Genotype-phenotype correlation, Pathology, genotype-phenotype correlations, endocrine system diseases, Settore MED/06 - Oncologia Medica, FEATURES, male breast cancer, Genotype-phenotype correlations, Logistic regression, Histologic grade, 610 Medical sciences Medicine, Breast cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, polycyclic compounds, skin and connective tissue diseases, POPULATION, RISK, education.field_of_study, BRCA1 Protein, Men, Single Nucleotide, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, GRADE, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Male breast cancer, oncology, Female, Breast Neoplasm, Research Article, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, CARCINOMA, Genotype–phenotype correlations, 3122 Cancers, Population, Breast Neoplasms, BRCA1/2, histologic grade, pathology, cancer research, Male breast cancer, BRCA1, BRCA2, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Càncer de mama, Breast Neoplasms, Male, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Journal Article, Carcinoma, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, education, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, BRCA2 Protein, business.industry, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, 030104 developmental biology, ddc:161, Homes, Mutation, Oncology, Cancer Research, business
Abstract

Background BRCA1 and, more commonly, BRCA2 mutations are associated with increased risk of male breast cancer (MBC). However, only a paucity of data exists on the pathology of breast cancers (BCs) in men with BRCA1/2 mutations. Using the largest available dataset, we determined whether MBCs arising in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers display specific pathologic features and whether these features differ from those of BRCA1/2 female BCs (FBCs). Methods We characterised the pathologic features of 419 BRCA1/2 MBCs and, using logistic regression analysis, contrasted those with data from 9675 BRCA1/2 FBCs and with population-based data from 6351 MBCs in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Results Among BRCA2 MBCs, grade significantly decreased with increasing age at diagnosis (P = 0.005). Compared with BRCA2 FBCs, BRCA2 MBCs were of significantly higher stage (P for trend = 2 × 10−5) and higher grade (P for trend = 0.005) and were more likely to be oestrogen receptor–positive [odds ratio (OR) 10.59; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 5.15–21.80] and progesterone receptor–positive (OR 5.04; 95 % CI 3.17–8.04). With the exception of grade, similar patterns of associations emerged when we compared BRCA1 MBCs and FBCs. BRCA2 MBCs also presented with higher grade than MBCs from the SEER database (P for trend = 4 × 10−12). Conclusions On the basis of the largest series analysed to date, our results show that BRCA1/2 MBCs display distinct pathologic characteristics compared with BRCA1/2 FBCs, and we identified a specific BRCA2-associated MBC phenotype characterised by a variable suggesting greater biological aggressiveness (i.e., high histologic grade). These findings could lead to the development of gender-specific risk prediction models and guide clinical strategies appropriate for MBC management. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0671-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2016

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