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1. Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in premenopausal women with oestrogen receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer treated with ovarian suppression:a patient-level meta-analysis of 7030 women from four randomised trials

Author: Rosie Bradley, Jeremy Braybrooke, Richard Gray, Robert K Hills, Zulian Liu, Hongchao Pan, Richard Peto, David Dodwell, Paul McGale, Carolyn Taylor, Prudence A Francis, Michael Gnant, Francesco Perrone, Meredith M Regan, Richard Berry, Clare Boddington, Mike Clarke, Christina Davies, Lucy Davies, Fran Duane, Vaughan Evans, Jo Gay, Lucy Gettins, Jon Godwin, Sam James, Hui Liu, Elizabeth MacKinnon, Gurdeep Mannu, Theresa McHugh, Philip Morris, Simon Read, Ewan Straiton, Raimund Jakesz, Christian Fesl, Olivia Pagani, Richard Gelber, Michelino De Laurentiis, Sabino De Placido, Ciro Gallo, Kathy Albain, Stewart Anderson, Rodrigo Arriagada, John Bartlett, Elizabeth Bergsten-Nordström, Judith Bliss, Etienne Brain, Lisa Carey, Robert Coleman, Jack Cuzick, Nancy Davidson, Lucia Del Mastro, Angelo Di Leo, James Dignam, Mitch Dowsett, Bent Ejlertsen, Matthew Goetz, Pam Goodwin, Pat Halpin-Murphy, Dan Hayes, Catherine Hill, Reshma Jagsi, Wolfgang Janni, Sibylle Loibl, Eleftherios P Mamounas, Miguel Martín, Hirofumi Mukai, Valentina Nekljudova, Larry Norton, Yasuo Ohashi, Lori Pierce, Philip Poortmans, Kathleen I Pritchard, Vinod Raina, Daniel Rea, John Robertson, Emiel Rutgers, Tanja Spanic, Joseph Sparano, Guenther Steger, Gong Tang, Masakazu Toi, Andrew Tutt, Giuseppe Viale, Xiang Wang, Tim Whelan, Nicholas Wilcken, Norman Wolmark, David Cameron, Jonas Bergh, Sandra M Swain, Bradley, R., Braybrooke, J., Gray, R., Hills, R. K., Liu, Z., Pan, H., Peto, R., Dodwell, D., Mcgale, P., Taylor, C., Francis, P. A., Gnant, M., Perrone, F., Regan, M. M., Berry, R., Boddington, C., Clarke, M., Davies, C., Davies, L., Duane, F., Evans, V., Gay, J., Gettins, L., Godwin, J., James, S., Liu, H., Mackinnon, E., Mannu, G., Mchugh, T., Morris, P., Read, S., Straiton, E., Jakesz, R., Fesl, C., Pagani, O., Gelber, R., De Laurentiis, M., De Placido, S., Gallo, C., Albain, K., Anderson, S., Arriagada, R., Bartlett, J., Bergsten-Nordstrom, E., Bliss, J., Brain, E., Carey, L., Coleman, R., Cuzick, J., Davidson, N., Del Mastro, L., Di Leo, A., Dignam, J., Dowsett, M., Ejlertsen, B., Goetz, M., Goodwin, P., Halpin-Murphy, P., Hayes, D., Hill, C., Jagsi, R., Janni, W., Loibl, S., Mamounas, E. P., Martin, M., Mukai, H., Nekljudova, V., Norton, L., Ohashi, Y., Pierce, L., Poortmans, P., Pritchard, K. I., Raina, V., Rea, D., Robertson, J., Rutgers, E., Spanic, T., Sparano, J., Steger, G., Tang, G., Toi, M., Tutt, A., Viale, G., Wang, X., Whelan, T., Wilcken, N., Wolmark, N., Cameron, D., Bergh, J., Swain, S. M., Bradbury, R, Braybrooke, J, Gray, R, Hills, R, Liu, Z, Pan, H, Peto, R, Dodwell, D, and McGale, P
Subjects: Breast Neoplasms/pathology, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, Aromatase Inhibitors, Breast Neoplasms, Tamoxifen, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy, Tamoxifen/therapeutic use, Oncology, Receptors, Estrogen, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Humans, Aromatase Inhibitor, Female, Aromatase Inhibitors/adverse effects, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Human, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract: Background: For women with early-stage oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, adjuvant tamoxifen reduces 15-year breast cancer mortality by a third. Aromatase inhibitors are more effective than tamoxifen in postmenopausal women but are ineffective in premenopausal women when used without ovarian suppression. We aimed to investigate whether premenopausal women treated with ovarian suppression benefit from aromatase inhibitors. Methods: We did a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials comparing aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, exemestane, or letrozole) versus tamoxifen for 3 or 5 years in premenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer receiving ovarian suppression (goserelin or triptorelin) or ablation. We collected data on baseline characteristics, dates and sites of any breast cancer recurrence or second primary cancer, and dates and causes of death. Primary outcomes were breast cancer recurrence (distant, locoregional, or contralateral), breast cancer mortality, death without recurrence, and all-cause mortality. As distant recurrence invariably results in death from breast cancer several years after the occurrence, whereas locoregional recurrence and new contralateral breast cancer are not usually fatal, the distant recurrence analysis is shown separately. Standard intention-to-treat log-rank analyses estimated first-event rate ratios (RR) and their confidence intervals (CIs). Findings: We obtained data from all four identified trials (ABCSG XII, SOFT, TEXT, and HOBOE trials), which included 7030 women with ER-positive tumours enrolled between June 17, 1999, and Aug 4, 2015. Median follow-up was 8·0 years (IQR 6·1–9·3). The rate of breast cancer recurrence was lower for women allocated to an aromatase inhibitor than for women assigned to tamoxifen (RR 0·79, 95% CI 0·69–0·90, p=0·0005). The main benefit was seen in years 0–4 (RR 0·68, 99% CI 0·55–0·85; p Interpretation: Using an aromatase inhibitor rather than tamoxifen in premenopausal women receiving ovarian suppression reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Longer follow-up is needed to assess any impact on breast cancer mortality.
Published: 2022
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2. Increasing the dose intensity of chemotherapy by more frequent administration or sequential scheduling: a patient-level meta-analysis of 37 298 women with early breast cancer in 26 randomised trials

Author: Richard Gray, Rosie Bradley, Jeremy Braybrooke, Zulian Liu, Richard Peto, Lucy Davies, David Dodwell, Paul McGale, Hongchao Pan, Carolyn Taylor, William Barlow, Judith Bliss, Paolo Bruzzi, David Cameron, George Fountzilas, Sibylle Loibl, John Mackey, Miguel Martin, Lucia Del Mastro, Volker Möbus, Valentina Nekljudova, Sabino De Placido, Sandra Swain, Michael Untch, Kathleen I Pritchard, Jonas Bergh, Larry Norton, Clare Boddington, Julie Burrett, Mike Clarke, Christina Davies, Fran Duane, Vaughan Evans, Lucy Gettins, Jon Godwin, Robert Hills, Sam James, Hui Liu, Elizabeth MacKinnon, Gurdeep Mannu, Theresa McHugh, Philip Morris, Simon Read, Yaochen Wang, Zhe Wang, Peter Fasching, Nadia Harbeck, Pascal Piedbois, Michael Gnant, Guenther Steger, Angelo Di Leo, Stella Dolci, Prue Francis, Denis Larsimont, Jean Marie Nogaret, Catherine Philippson, Martine Piccart, Sabine Linn, Petronella Peer, Vivianne Tjan-Heijnen, Sonja Vliek, Dennis Slamon, John Bartlett, Vivien H Bramwell, Bingshu Chen, Stephen Chia, Karen Gelmon, Paul Goss, Mark Levine, Wendy Parulekar, Joseph Pater, Eileen Rakovitch, Lois Shepherd, Dongsheng Tu, Tim Whelan, Don Berry, Gloria Broadwater, Constance Cirrincione, Hyman Muss, Raymond Weiss, Yi Shan, Yong Fu Shao, Xiang Wang, Binghe Xu, Dong-Bing Zhao, Harry Bartelink, Nina Bijker, Jan Bogaerts, Fatima Cardoso, Tanja Cufer, Jean-Pierre Julien, Philip Poortmans, Emiel Rutgers, Cornelis van de Velde, Eva Carrasco, Miguel Angel Segui, Jens Uwe Blohmer, Serban Costa, Bernd Gerber, Christian Jackisch, Gunter von Minckwitz, Mario Giuliano, Michele De Laurentiis, Christina Bamia, Georgia-Angeliki Koliou, Dimitris Mavroudis, Roger A'Hern, Paul Ellis, Lucy Kilburn, James Morden, John Yarnold, Mohammad Sadoon, Augustinus H Tulusan, Stewart Anderson, Gordon Bass, Joe Costantino, James Dignam, Bernard Fisher, Charles Geyer, Eleftherios P Mamounas, Soon Paik, Carol Redmond, D Lawrence Wickerham, Marco Venturini, Claudia Bighin, Simona Pastorino, Paolo Pronzato, Mario Roberto Sertoli, Theodorus Foukakis, Kathy Albain, Rodrigo Arriagada, Elizabeth Bergsten Nordström, Francesco Boccardo, Etienne Brain, Lisa Carey, Alan Coates, Robert Coleman, Candace Correa, Jack Cuzick, Nancy Davidson, Mitch Dowsett, Marianne Ewertz, John Forbes, Richard Gelber, Aron Goldhirsch, Pamela Goodwin, Daniel Hayes, Catherine Hill, James Ingle, Reshma Jagsi, Wolfgang Janni, Hirofumi Mukai, Yasuo Ohashi, Lori Pierce, Vinod Raina, Peter Ravdin, Daniel Rea, Meredith Regan, John Robertson, Joseph Sparano, Andrew Tutt, Giuseppe Viale, Nicholas Wilcken, Norman Wolmark, Wiliam Wood, Milvia Zambetti, Gray, R., Bradley, R., Braybrooke, J., Liu, Z., Peto, R., Davies, L., Dodwell, D., Mcgale, P., Pan, H., Taylor, C., Barlow, W., Bliss, J., Bruzzi, P., Cameron, D., Fountzilas, G., Loibl, S., Mackey, J., Martin, M., Del Mastro, L., Mobus, V., Nekljudova, V., De Placido, S., Swain, S., Untch, M., Pritchard, K. I., Bergh, J., Norton, L., Boddington, C., Burrett, J., Clarke, M., Davies, C., Duane, F., Evans, V., Gettins, L., Godwin, J., Hills, R., James, S., Liu, H., Mackinnon, E., Mannu, G., Mchugh, T., Morris, P., Read, S., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Fasching, P., Harbeck, N., Piedbois, P., Gnant, M., Steger, G., Di Leo, A., Dolci, S., Francis, P., Larsimont, D., Nogaret, J. M., Philippson, C., Piccart, M., Linn, S., Peer, P., Tjan-Heijnen, V., Vliek, S., Slamon, D., Bartlett, J., Bramwell, V. H., Chen, B., Chia, S., Gelmon, K., Goss, P., Levine, M., Parulekar, W., Pater, J., Rakovitch, E., Shepherd, L., Tu, D., Whelan, T., Berry, D., Broadwater, G., Cirrincione, C., Muss, H., Weiss, R., Shan, Y., Shao, Y. F., Wang, X., Xu, B., Zhao, D. -B., Bartelink, H., Bijker, N., Bogaerts, J., Cardoso, F., Cufer, T., Julien, J. -P., Poortmans, P., Rutgers, E., van de Velde, C., Carrasco, E., Segui, M. A., Blohmer, J. U., Costa, S., Gerber, B., Jackisch, C., von Minckwitz, G., Giuliano, M., De Laurentiis, M., Bamia, C., Koliou, G. -A., Mavroudis, D., A'Hern, R., Ellis, P., Kilburn, L., Morden, J., Yarnold, J., Sadoon, M., Tulusan, A. H., Anderson, S., Bass, G., Costantino, J., Dignam, J., Fisher, B., Geyer, C., Mamounas, E. P., Paik, S., Redmond, C., Wickerham, D. L., Venturini, M., Bighin, C., Pastorino, S., Pronzato, P., Sertoli, M. R., Foukakis, T., Albain, K., Arriagada, R., Bergsten Nordstrom, E., Boccardo, F., Brain, E., Carey, L., Coates, A., Coleman, R., Correa, C., Cuzick, J., Davidson, N., Dowsett, M., Ewertz, M., Forbes, J., Gelber, R., Goldhirsch, A., Goodwin, P., Hayes, D., Hill, C., Ingle, J., Jagsi, R., Janni, W., Mukai, H., Ohashi, Y., Pierce, L., Raina, V., Ravdin, P., Rea, D., Regan, M., Robertson, J., Sparano, J., Tutt, A., Viale, G., Wilcken, N., Wolmark, N., Wood, W., and Zambetti, M.
Subjects: Oncology, treatment schedule, medicine.medical_specialty, Anthracycline, medicine.medical_treatment, novotvorbe dojk, Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, režim zdravljenja, Disease, randomized trials, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, chemotherapy, meta-analiza, klinični protokoli, Drug Administration Schedule, randomizirane raziskave, Antineoplastic Agent, 03 medical and health sciences, breast cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Internal medicine, breast neoplasms, medicine, Humans, clinical protocols, terapija z zdravili, 030212 general & internal medicine, Early breast cancer, Chemotherapy, Taxane, business.industry, rak dojk, kemoterapija, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Dose intensity, udc:618.19-006, drug therapy, meta-analysis, Meta-analysis, Female, women, ženske, business, Breast Neoplasm
Abstract: Background Increasing the dose intensity of cytotoxic therapy by shortening the intervals between cycles, or by giving individual drugs sequentially at full dose rather than in lower-dose concurrent treatment schedules, might enhance efficacy. Methods To clarify the relative benefits and risks of dose-intense and standard-schedule chemotherapy in early breast cancer, we did an individual patient-level meta-analysis of trials comparing 2-weekly versus standard 3-weekly schedules, and of trials comparing sequential versus concurrent administration of anthracycline and taxane chemotherapy. The primary outcomes were recurrence and breast cancer mortality. Standard intention-to-treat log-rank analyses, stratified by age, nodal status, and trial, yielded dose-intense versus standard-schedule first-event rate ratios (RRs). Findings Individual patient data were provided for 26 of 33 relevant trials identified, comprising 37 298 (93%) of 40 070 women randomised. Most women were aged younger than 70 years and had node-positive disease. Total cytotoxic drug usage was broadly comparable in the two treatment arms; colony-stimulating factor was generally used in the more dose-intense arm. Combining data from all 26 trials, fewer breast cancer recurrences were seen with dose-intense than with standard-schedule chemotherapy (10-year recurrence risk 28·0% vs 31·4%; RR 0·86, 95% CI 0·82–0·89; p Interpretation Increasing the dose intensity of adjuvant chemotherapy by shortening the interval between treatment cycles, or by giving individual drugs sequentially rather than giving the same drugs concurrently, moderately reduces the 10-year risk of recurrence and death from breast cancer without increasing mortality from other causes.
Published: 2019
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3. Trastuzumab for early-stage, HER2-positive breast cancer: a meta-analysis of 13 864 women in seven randomised trials

Author: Rosie Bradley, Jeremy Braybrooke, Richard Gray, Robert Hills, Zulian Liu, Richard Peto, Lucy Davies, David Dodwell, Paul McGale, Hongchao Pan, Carolyn Taylor, Stewart Anderson, Richard Gelber, Luca Gianni, William Jacot, Heikki Joensuu, Alvaro Moreno-Aspitia, Martine Piccart, Michael Press, Edward Romond, Dennis Slamon, Vera Suman, Richard Berry, Clare Boddington, Mike Clarke, Christina Davies, Fran Duane, Vaughan Evans, Jo Gay, Lucy Gettins, Jon Godwin, Sam James, Hui Liu, Elizabeth MacKinnon, Gurdeep Mannu, Theresa McHugh, Philip Morris, Simon Read, Ewan Straiton, Yaochen Wang, John Crown, Evandro de Azambuja, Suzette Delaloge, Helena Fung, Charles Geyer, Marc Spielmann, Pinuccia Valagussa, Kathy Albain, Rodrigo Arriagada, John Bartlett, Elizabeth Bergsten-Nordström, Judith Bliss, Etienne Brain, Lisa Carey, Robert Coleman, Jack Cuzick, Nancy Davidson, Lucia Del Mastro, Angelo Di Leo, James Dignam, Mitch Dowsett, Bent Ejlertsen, Prue Francis, Michael Gnant, Matthew Goetz, Pam Goodwin, Pat Halpin-Murphy, Dan Hayes, Catherine Hill, Reshma Jagsi, Wolfgang Janni, Sibylle Loibl, Eleftherios P Mamounas, Miguel Martín, Hirofumi Mukai, Valentina Nekljudova, Larry Norton, Yasuo Ohashi, Lori Pierce, Philip Poortmans, Vinod Raina, Daniel Rea, Meredith Regan, John Robertson, Emiel Rutgers, Tanja Spanic, Joseph Sparano, Guenther Steger, Gong Tang, Masakazu Toi, Andrew Tutt, Giuseppe Viale, Xiang Wang, Tim Whelan, Nicholas Wilcken, Norman Wolmark, David Cameron, Jonas Bergh, Kathleen I Pritchard, Sandra M Swain, Bradley, R, Braybrooke, J, Gray, R, Hills, R, Liu, Z, Peto, R, Dodwell, D, McGale, P, Pan, H, Taylor, C, Clarke, M, MacKinnon, E, and Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative group (EBCTCG)
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Receptor, ErbB-2, medicine.medical_treatment, Breast cancer mortality, Breast Neoplasms, breast cancer, Breast cancer, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, Trastuzumab, HER2 Positive Breast Cancer, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Stage (cooking), skin and connective tissue diseases, Chemotherapy, business.industry, adjuvant therapy, Articles, medicine.disease, Meta-analysis, Female, Human medicine, business, breast cancer, adjuvant therapy, trastuzumab, Adjuvant, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background: Trastuzumab targets the extracellular domain of the HER2 protein. Adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy for patients with early-stage, HER2-positive breast cancer reduces the risk of recurrence and death, but is associated with cardiac toxicity. We investigated the long-term benefits and risks of adjuvant trastuzumab on breast cancer recurrence and cause-specific mortality. Methods: We did a collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials assessing chemotherapy plus trastuzumab versus the same chemotherapy alone. Randomised trials that enrolled women with node-negative or node-positive, operable breast cancer were included. We collected individual patient-level data on baseline characteristics, dates and sites of first distant breast cancer recurrence and any previous local recurrence or second primary cancer, and the date and underlying cause of death. Primary outcomes were breast cancer recurrence, breast cancer mortality, death without recurrence, and all-cause mortality. Standard intention-to-treat log-rank analyses, stratified by age, nodal status, oestrogen receptor (ER) status, and trial yielded first-event rate ratios (RRs). Findings: Seven randomised trials met the inclusion criteria, and included 13 864 patients enrolled between February, 2000, and December, 2005. Mean scheduled treatment duration was 14·4 months and median follow-up was 10·7 years (IQR 9·5 to 11·9). The risks of breast cancer recurrence (RR 0·66, 95% CI 0·62 to 0·71; p Interpretation: Adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy for early-stage, HER2-positive breast cancer reduces recurrence of, and mortality from, breast cancer by a third, with worthwhile proportional reductions irrespective of recorded patient and tumour characteristics.
Published: 2021
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4. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant breast cancer treatments: A systematic review of their effects on mortality

Author: Amanda J. Kerr, David Dodwell, Paul McGale, Francesca Holt, Fran Duane, Gurdeep Mannu, Sarah C. Darby, and Carolyn W. Taylor
Subjects: Tamoxifen, Oncology, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine, Mastectomy, Neoadjuvant Therapy
Abstract: Background Adjuvant and neoadjuvant breast cancer treatments can reduce breast cancer mortality but may increase mortality from other causes. Information regarding treatment benefits and risks is scattered widely through the literature. To inform clinical practice we collated and reviewed the highest quality evidence. Methods Guidelines were searched to identify adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment options recommended in early invasive breast cancer. For each option, systematic literature searches identified the highest-ranking evidence. For radiotherapy risks, searches for dose-response relationships and modern organ doses were also undertaken. Results Treatment options recommended in USA and elsewhere included chemotherapy (anthracycline, taxane, platinum, capecitabine), anti-human epidermal growth factor 2 therapy (trastuzumab, pertuzumab, trastuzumab emtansine, neratinib), endocrine therapy (tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitor, ovarian ablation/suppression with varying durations) and bisphosphonates. Radiotherapy options were after breast conserving surgery (whole breast, partial breast, tumour bed boost, regional nodes) and after mastectomy (chest wall, regional nodes). Treatment options were supported by randomised evidence, including >10,000 women for eight treatment comparisons, 1,000-10,000 for fifteen and
Published: 2022

5. Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Author: Bhangu, A, Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection GlobalSurg Collaborative Appendix S1 Collaborators Authors (all the following are PubMed citable): Writing group: James, C Glasbey (UK), Adewale, O Adisa (Nigeria), Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri (Rwanda), Ahmad, U Qureshi (Pakistan), Jean, C Allen-Ingabire (Rwanda), Hosni Khairy Salem (Egypt), Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo (Ghana), Stephen Tabiri (Ghana), Dmitri Nepogodiev (UK), Richard, J Lilford (UK), Ewen, M Harrison (UK), Thomas, D Pinkney (UK), Neil Smart (UK), Aneel Bhangu (UK, denotes joint first author Patient representatives: Azmina Verjee (UK), study guarantor)., Emmy Runigamugabo (Rwanda) Statistical analysis: James Glasbey, Aneel Bhangu Protocol development and project steering: Adesoji, O Ademuyiwa, Adewale, O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Afnan, Altamini, Philip, Alexander, Sara, W Al-Saqqa, Giuliano, Borda-Luque, Jen, Cornick, Ainhoa, Costas-Chavarri, Thomas, M Drake, Stuart, J Fergusson, J Edward Fitzgerald, James, Glasbey, Allen Ingabire, J. C., Lawani, Ismaïl, Zahra, Jaffry, Hosni Khairy Salem, Chetan, Khatri, Andrew, Kirby, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Richard, Lilford, Andre, L Mihaljevic, Midhun, Mohan, Dion, Morton, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Dmitri, Nepogodiev, Faustin, Ntirenganya, Riinu, Ots, Francesco, Pata, Thomas, Pinkney, Tomas, Poškus, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sarah, Rayne, Gustavo, Recinos, Kjetil, Søreide, Catherine, A Shaw, Sebastian, Shu, Richard, Spence, Neil, Smart, Stephen, Tabiri, Ewen, M Harrison, Aneel Bhangu National leads (GlobalSurg-1) Lead coordinator, Australia, Neel Gobin, Brazil, Ana Vega Freitas, Canada, Nigel Hall, China, &amp, Hong Kong, Sung-Hee Kim, Egypt, Ahmed, Negida, Hosni, Khairy, England, Stephen, J Chapman, France, Alexis P Arnaud, Ghana, Stephen Tabiri, Guatemala, Gustavo Recinos, India, Cutting Edge Manipal, Indonesia, Radhian Amandito, Iraq, Marwan Shawki, Ireland, Michael Hanrahan, Italy, Francesco Pata, Lithuania, Justas Zilinskas, Malaysia, April Camilla Roslani, Cheng Chun Goh, Nigeria, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Northern Ireland, Gareth Irwin, Peru, Laura, Luque, Saudi, Arabia, Hunain, Shiwani, Afnan, Altamimi, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Scotland, Stuart J Fergusson, South, Africa, Sri Lanka, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Sweden, Yucel Cengiz, Switzerland, Dmitri A Raptis, Wales, James, C Glasbey National leads (GlobalSurg-2) Argentina, Maria Marta Modolo, Australia, Dushyant, Iyer, Sebastian, King, Tom, Arthur, Bangladesh, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Barbados, Ade Waterman, Benin, Lawani Ismaïl, Botswana, Michael Walsh, Canada, Arnav, Agarwal, Augusto, Zani, Mohammed, Firdouse, Tyler, Rouse, China, Qinyang Liu, Colombia, Juan Camilo Correa, Egypt, Hosni Khairy Salem, Estonia, Peep Talving, Ethiopia, Mengistu Worku, France, Alexis Arnaud, Greece, Vassilis Kalles, Guatemala, Basant, Kumar, Sunil, Kumar, Ireland, Roy Quek, Italy, Luca, Ansaloni, Jordan, Ahmed Altibi, Lithuania, Donatas, Venskutonis, Justas, Zilinskas, Tomas, Poskus, Madagascar, John Whitaker, Malawi, Vanessa Msosa, Malaysia, Yong Yong Tew, Malta, Alexia, Farrugia, Elaine, Borg, Mexico, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Morocco, Zineb Bentounsi, Norway, Kjetil Søreide, Pakistan, Tanzeela Gala, Palestinian, Territory, Ibrahim, Al-Slaibi, Haya, Tahboub, Alser, Osaid H., Diego, Romani, Sebestian, Shu, Poland, Piotr Major, Romania, Aurel, Mironescu, Matei, Bratu, Amar, Kourdouli, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Abdulaziz, Altwijri, Ahmad, Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sierra Leone, Sam Seisay, Singapore, Bettina Lieske, Spain, Irene Ortega, Sri, Lanka, Jenifa, Jeyakumar, Senanayake, Kithsiri J., Sudan, Omar Abdulbagi, Switzerland, Dmitri Raptis, Turkey, Yuksel Altinel, United, Kingdom, Chia, Kong, Ella, Teasdale, Gareth, Irwin, Michael, Stoddart, Rakan, Kabariti, Sukrit, Suresh, United, States, Katherine, Gash, Ragavan, Narayanan, Zambia, Mayaba Maimbo Local collaborators (GlobalSurg-1) Argentina: Claudio Fermani, Ruben, Balmaceda, Australia: Ewan Macdermid, Maria Marta Modolo (Hospital Luis Lagomaggiore)., Neel, Gobin, Roxanne, Chenn, Cheryl Ou Yong, Michael Edye (Blacktown Hospital), Martin, Jarmin, Scott, K D'amours, Dushyant Iyer (Liverpool Hospital, The University Of New South Wales), Daniel, Youssef, Nicholas, Phillips, Jason Brown (Royal Brisbane &amp, Women'S, Hospital), Robert, George, Cherry, Koh, Oliver Warren (The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia), Isaac Hanley (The Tweed Hospital), Austria: Clemens Nawara, Marilla Dickfos (Toowoomba Hospital)., Dietmar, Öfner, Florian Primavesi (Department Of Surgery, Bangladesh: Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg)., Khalid Mahmud (Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital), Margub, Hussain, Hafiz, Hakim, Tapan Kumar (Dhaka Medical College Hospital), Benin: Pamphile A Assouto, Antje Oosterkamp (Lamb Hospital)., Ismail, Lawani, Brunei: Aung Kyaw Tun, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou (Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga)., Chean Leung Chong (Pmmpmhamb Hospital) Giridhar, H Devadasar, Chean Leung Chong, Muhammad Rashid Minhas Qadir (Ssb Hospital), Kyaw Phyo Aung, Lee Shi Yeo, Brazil: Vanessa Dina Palomino Castillo, Chean Leung Chong (Ripas Hospital)., Monique Moron Munhoz, Gisele Moreira (Conjunto Hospitalar De Sorocaba), Luiz Carlos Barros De Castro Segundo, Salim Anderson Khouri Ferreira, Maíra Cassa Careta (Hospital Da Santa Casa De Misericórdia De Vitória), Stella Binna Kim, Alexandre Venancio De Sousa, Alyne Daltri Lazzarini Cury (Hospital De Caridade Sãƒo De Paula), Gustavo Peixoto Soares Miguel, Ana Vega Carreiro De Freitas, Barbara Pereira Silvestre (Hospital Estadual Doutor Jayme Dos Santos Neves), Julia Guasti Pinto Vianna, Carolina Oliveira Felipe, Luis Alberto Valente Laufer (Hospital Estadual Doutor Jayme Santos Neves), Fernanda, Altoe, Luana Ayres Da Silva, Marina Luiza Pimenta, Thiago Fernandes Giuriato, Paulo Alves Bezerra Morais, Jessica Souza Luiz (Hospital Estadual Dr Jayme Santos Neves), Rafael, Araujo, Juliana, Menegussi, Marisa, Leal, Caio Vinícius Barroso de Lima, Luiza Sarmento Tatagiba, Antônio Leal (Hospital Infantil Nosa Senhora Da Gloria), Diogo Vinicius dos Santos, Gustavo Pereira Fraga, Romeo Lages Simoes (Hospital De Clinicas, Cameroon: Samuel Nigo, University Of Campinas). Cambodia: Simon Stock (World Mate Emergency Hospital)., Juana, Kabba, Tagang Ebogo Ngwa, Canada: Sebastian King, James Brown (Mbingo Baptist Hospital)., Georges, Azzie, Sameer, Kushwaha, Arnav Agarwal (The Hospital For Sick Children), Karen, Bailey, Brian, Cameron, Michael Livingston (McMaster Children's Hospital), Alexandre, Horobjowsky, Dan, L Deckelbaum, Tarek Razek (Centre for Global Surgery, Chile: Boris Marinkovic, McGill University Health Centre)., Eugenio, Grasset, Nicole D'aguzan (Hospital Del Salvador), Julio, Jimenez, China: Zhongtao Zhang, Roberto Macchiavello (Hospital Luis Tisne)., Wei, Guo, Junyeong, Oh, Colombia: Irene Montes, Fei Zheng (Beijing Friendship Hospital)., Sebastian, Sierra, Manuela Mendez (Clinica Ces), Maria Isabel Villegas, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Ivan Mendoza (Clinica Las Vegas), Fred Alexander Naranjo Aristizã¡bal, Jaime Andres Montoya Botero, Victor Manuel Quintero Riaza (Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe), Jakeline, Restrepo, Carlos, Morales, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango (Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundacion), Herman, Cruz, Alejandro, Munera, Croatia: Robert Karlo, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango (Ips Universitaria Clinica Leon Xiii)., Edgar, Domini, Jakov Mihanovic (Zadar General Hospital), Mihael, Radic, Kresimir, Zamarin, Dominican Republic: Manuel Hache-Marliere, Nikica Pezelj (General Hospital Sibenik)., Sylvia Batista Lemaire, Ruben Rivas (Cedimat, - Centro De Diagnostico Medicina Avanzada, Egypt: Ahmed Khyrallh, Laboratorio Y Telemedicina)., Ahamed, Hassan, Gamal, Shimy, Mohamed, A Baky Fahmy (Al-Azher Universty Hospital), Ayman, Nabawi, Mohamed, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad Gohar, Mohamed, Asal, Mostafa, Abdelkader, Mahmoud, Gomah, Hayssam, Rashwan, Mohamed, Karkeet, Ahmed Gomaa (Alexandria Main University Hospital), Amr, Hasan, Ahmed, Elgebaly, Omar, Saleh, Ahmad Abdel Fattah, Abdullah, Gouda, Abd Elrahman Elshafay, Abdalla, Gharib, Ahmed, Menshawy, Mohammed, Hanafy, Abdullah, Al-Mallah, Mahmoud, Abdulgawad, Mohamad, Baheeg, Mohammed, Alhendy, Ibrahim, Abdelfattah, Abdalla, Kenibar, Omar, Osman, Mostafa, Gemeah, Ahmed, Mohammed, Abdalrahman, Adel, Abdelrahman, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Mohamed Abozaid (Al-Hussein Hospital), Ahmed Hafez El-Badri Kotb, Ali Amin Ahmed Ata, Mohammed, Nasr, Abdelrahman, Alkammash, Mohammed, Saeed, Nader Abd El Hamid, Attia Mohamed Attia, Ahmed Abd El Galeel, Eslam, Elbanby, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Usama, Hantour, Omar, Alahmady, Billal, Mansour, Amr Muhammad Elkorashy (Bab El-Shareia Hospital), Emad Mohamed Saeed Taha, Kholod Tarek Lasheen, Salma Said Elkolaly, Nehal Yosri Elsayed Abdel-Wahab, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi Abozyed, Ahmed, Adel, Ahmed Moustafa Saeed, Gehad Samir El Sayed, Jehad Hassan Youssif (Banha University Hospital), Soliman Magdy Ahmed, Nermeen Soubhy El-Shahat, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy Khedr (Belbes Central Hospital), Abdelrhman Osama Elsebaaye, Mohamed, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Ibrahim, Elzayat, Mahmoud, Warda, Khaled Naser El Deen, Abdelrhman Essam Elnemr, Omar, Salah, Mohamed, Abbas, Mona, Rashad, Ibrahim, Elzayyat, Dalia, Hemeda, Gehad, Tawfik, Mai, Salama, Hazem, Khaled, Mohamed Seisa (El Dawly Hospital, - Mansoura), Kareem, Elshaer, Abdelfatah, Hussein, Mahmoud Elkhadrawi (El Mahalla General Hospital), Ahmed Mohamed Afifi, Osama Saadeldeen Ebrahim, Mahmoud Mohamed Metwally (El, - Mataria Educational Hospital), Rowida, Elmelegy, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary Elsawahly, Hisham, Safa, Eman, Nofal, Mohamed, Elbermawy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb Ghazy, Hisham, Samih, Asmaa, Abdelgelil, Sarah, Abdelghany, Ahmed El Kholy, Metwally, Aboraya, Fatma, Elkady, Mahmoud, Salma, Sarah, Samy, Reem, Fakher, Aya, Aboarab, Ahmed, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Abdelrahman, Haroun, Asmaa Abdel-Rahman Al-Aarag, Ahmed, Elkholy, Sally Elshanwany (El-Menshawy Hospital), Esraa Ghanem (Elshohadaa Central Hospital), Ahmed, Tammam, Ali Mohamed Hammad, Yousra El Shoura, Gehad El Ashal, Hosni Khairy (Kasr Alainy School Of Medicine), Sarah, Antar, Sara, Mehrez, Mahmoud, Abdelshafy, Maha Gamal Mohamad Hamad, Mona, Hosh, Emad, Abdallah, Basma, Magdy, Thuraya, Alzayat, Elsayed, Gamaly, Hossam, Elfeki, Amany, Abouzahra, Shereen, Elsheikh, Fatimah, I Elgendy (Mansoura University Hospitals), Fathia Abd El-Salam, Osama, Seifelnasr, Mohamed, Ammar, Athar, Eysa, Aliaa, Sadek, Aliaa Gamal Toeema, Aly, Nasr, Mohamed, Abuseif, Hagar, Zidan, Sara Abd Elmageed Barakat, Nadin, Elsayed, Yasmin Abd Elrasoul, Ahmed, Elkelany, Mohamed Sabry Ammar, Mennat-Allah, Mustafa, Yasmin, Hegazy, Mohamed, Etman, Samar, Saad, Mahmoud, Alrahawy, Ahmed, Raslan, Mahmoud, Morsi, Ahmed, Rslan, Ahmed, Sabry, Hager, Elwakil, Heba, Shaker, Yasmin, Abd-Elrasoul, Ahmed Elkelany (Menoufia University Hospitals), Hussein, El-Kashef, Mohamed, Shaalan, Areej Tarek (Minia University Hospital), Ayman, Elwan, Ahmed Ragab Nayel, Mostafa, Seif, Doaa, Emadeldin, Mohamed Ali Ghonaim, Ahmad, Almallah, Ahmed, Fouad, Eman Adel Sayma (New Damietta University Hospital), Ahmad, Elbatahgy, Angham Solaiman El-Ma'doul, Ahmed, Mosad, Hager, Tolba, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin Elsorogy, Hassan Ali Mostafa, Amira Atef Omar, Ola Sherief Abd El Hameed, Ahmed Lasheen (Quweisna Central Hospital In Quweisna), Yasser Abd El Salam, Ashraf, Morsi, Mohammed Ismail (Ras El Tin General Hospital), Hager Ahmed El-badawy, Mohamed, A Amer, Ahmed Sabry El-Hamouly, Attallah, Noura A., Omnia, Mosalum, Ahmed, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Alaa, Abouelnasr, Sara, Ayad, Ramdan, Shaker, Rokia, Sakr, Ramadan, Shaker, Mahmoud, Amreia, Soaad, Elsobky, Mohamed, Mustafa, Ahmed Abo El Magd, Abeer, Marey, Amr Tarek Hafez, Mohamed, F Zalabia (Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital, Menoufia), Mohamed Moamen Mohamed, Amr, Fadel, Emad Ali Ahmed (Sohag University Hospital), Ahmad, Ali, Mohammad Ghassan Alwafai, Abdullah, Dwydar, Sara, Kharsa, Ehab, Mamdouh, Hatem, El-Sheemy, Ibrahim, Alyoussef, Abouelatta Khairy Aly, Ahmad, Aldalaq, Ehab, Alnawam, Dalia Alkhabbaz (Souad Kafafi University Hospital), Mahmoud, Saad, Shady, Hussein, Ahmed Abo Elazayem, Ahmed, Meshref, Marwa, Elashmawy, Mohammed, Mousa, Ahmad, Nashaat, Sara, Ghanem, Zaynab, M Elsayed, Aya, Elwaey, Iman Elkadsh (Suez Canal University Hospitals), Mariam, Darweesh, Ahmed, Mohameden, Mennaallah Hafez (Suez General Hospital), Ahmed, Badr, Assmaa, Badwy, Mohamed Abd El Slam (Talla Central Hospital), Mohamed, Elazoul, Safwat, Al-Nahrawi, Lotfy, Eldamaty, Fathee, Nada, Mohamed, Ameen, Aya, Hagar, Mohamed, Elsehimy, Mohammad, Aboraya, Hossam, Dawoud, Shorouk El Mesery, Abeer El Gendy, Ahmed, Abdelkareem, Ahmed Safwan Marey, Mostafa, Allam, Sherif, Shehata, Khaled, Abozeid, Marwa, Elshobary, Ahmed, Fahiem, Sameh, Sarsik, Amel, Hashish, Mohamed, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Shaimaa, Aql, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz Elhendawy (Tanta University Hospital), Mohamed, Husseini, Esraa, Kasem, Ahmed, Gheith, Yasmin, Elfouly, Ahmed Ragab Soliman, Yasmein, Ibrahim, Nesma, Elfouly, Ahmed, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Mohammad, Rashid, Abdallah Salah Elsherbiny, Basem, Sieda, Nermin, M Badwi, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Osama, Mohamed, Ethiopia: Mengistu Worku, Mohammad Abdulkhalek Habeeb (Zagazig University Hospitals)., Nichole Starr (Dessie Referral Hospital), Semay, Desta, Sahlu, Wondimu, Nebyou Seyoum Abebe (Minilik Ii Hospital), Efeson, Thomas, Frehun Ayele Asele, Daniel Dabessa (Myungsung Christian Medical Center), Nebiyou Seyoum Abebe, Finland: Panu Mentula, Abebe Bekele Zerihun (Tikur Anbessa Hospital)., Ari, Leppäniemi, France: Aurelien Scalabre, Ville Sallinen (Helsinki University Central Hospital)., Fernanda, Frade, Sabine Irtan (Trousseau Hospital Sorbonnes Universités, Upmc Univ Paris), Vivien, Graffeille, Elodie, Gaignard, Quentin Alimi (Chu De Rennes), Quentin, Alimi, Vivien, Graffieille, Elodie Gaignard (Fr Rennes University), Olivier, Abbo, Sofia, Mouttalib, Ourdia Bouali (Hopital Des Enfants), Erik, Hervieux, Yves, Aigrain, Nathalie Botto (Hopital Necker Enfants Malades), Alice, Faure, Lucile, Fievet, Nicoleta Panait (Hopitâl Nord), Emilie, Eyssartier, Francoise, Schmitt, Guillaume Podevin (Pediatric Surgery Department, University Hospital Of Angers, France), Valentine, Parent, Amandine, Martin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud (Rennes University Hospital), Cecile, Muller, Arnaud, Bonnard, Ghana: Francis Abantanga, Matthieu Peycelon (Robert Debré Children University Hospital)., Kwaku, Boakye-Yiadom, Mohammed Bukari (Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital), Frank Owusu (Offinso District Hospital), Joseph, Awuku-Asabre, Lemuel Davies Bray (University For Development Studies, School Of Medicine And Health Sciences, General Surgery Department, Greece: Dimitrios Lytras, Tamale Teaching Hospital)., Kyriakos, Psarianos, Anastasia Bamicha (Achillopoyleio General Hospital Of Volos), Eirini Kefalidi (Attikon General Hospital), Georgios Gemenetzis (Attikon University Hospital), Christos, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Gouvas, Christos Agalianos (Konstantopouleio General Hospital Of Athens), Michail, Kontos, Gregory, Kouraklis, Dimitrios Karousos (Laiko University Hospital), Stylianos, Germanos, Constantinos Marinos (Larissa General Hospital), Christos, Anthoulakis, Nikolaos, Nikoloudis, Guatemala: Gustavo Recinos, Nikolaos Mitroudis (Serres General Hospital)., Sergio, Estupinian, Walter Forno (Hospital De Accidentes Ceibal), José René Arévalo Azmitia (Hospital General De Enfermedades, Cirugia De Emergencia, Instituto Guatemalteco De Seguridad Social), Carla Cecilia Ramãrez Cabrera (Hospital General De Enfermedades, Servicio De Cirugia Abdominal, Romeo, Guevara, Maria, Aguilera, Napoleon, Mendez, Cesar Augusto Azmitia Mendizabal, Pablo, Ramazzini, Mario Contreras Urquizu (Hospital General San Juan De Dios), Fernando, Tale, Rafael, Soley, Emanuel, Barrios, Emmanuel Barrios (Hospital Juan Jose Arevalo Bermejo), Daniel Estuardo Marroquín Rodríguez, Carlos Iván Pérez Velásquez, Sara María Contreras Mérida (Hospital Regional De Retalhuleu), Francisco, Regalado, Mario, Lopez, Miguel Siguantay (Hospital Roosevelt, Hong Kong: Fong Yee Lam, Guatemala)., Kylie Joan-yi Szeto, Charing Cheuk Ling Szeto, Wing Sum Li, Kieran Ka Kei Li, Man Fung Leung, Tony, Mak, India: SS Prasad, Simon Ng (Prince of Wales Hospital)., Anand, Kirishnan, Nidhi Gyanchandani (KMC Hospital), Bylapudi Seshu Kumar, Muthukumaran Rangarajan (Kovai Medical Centre &amp, Hospital), Sriram, Bhat, Anjana, Sreedharan, Kinnera (Kasturba Medical College), S. V., Yella, Reddy, Caranj, Venugopal, Sunil Kumar (Pes Institute Of Medical Sciences &amp, Research), Abhishek Mittal (Safdarjung Hospital, New, Delhi), Shravan, Nadkarni, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Puneet Malik (Sawai Man Singh Medical College &amp, Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan), Neel, Limaye, Srinivas, Pai, Pratik Jain (Sdm College Of Medical Sciences And Hospital), Monty, Khajanchi, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev Satoskar (Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College And King Edward Memorial Hospital), Indonesia: Eldaa Prisca Refianti Sutanto, Abid Bin Mahamood (Travancore Medical College Hospital)., Daniel Ardian Soeselo, Chintya Tedjaatmadja (Atmajaya Hospital), Fitriana Nur Rahmawati, Radhian, Amandito, Maria Mayasari (Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Iraq: Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad Al-Hasani, Jakarta)., Hasan Ismael Ibraheem Al-Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Israa Abdullah Aziz Al-Azraqi (Alsader Medical City), Lubna, Sabeeh, Rahma, Kamil, Marwan Shawki (Baghdad Medical City), Muwaffaq Mezeil Telfah (Department Of Surgery, College Of Medicine, University Of Mosul, Ireland: Amoudtha Rasendran, Al-Jumhoori Teaching Hospital)., Jacqueline, Sheehan, Robert, Kerley, Caoimhe, Normile, Richard William Gilbert, Jiheon, Song, Mohamed, Dablouk, Linnea, Mauro, Mohammed Osman Dablouk, Michael, Hanrahan, Paul, Kielty, Eleanor Marks (Cork University Hospital), Simon, Gosling, Michelle, Mccarthy, Amoudtha Rasendran (Cork University Hospital &amp, University College Cork), Diya, Mirghani, Syed Altaf Naqvi, Chee Siong Wong (Limerick University Hospital), Siyi, Chung, Reuban, D'Cruz, Ronan Cahill (Mater Misericordiae University Hospital), Simon George Gosling, Amoudtha, Rasendran, Ciara, Fahy, Diana Duarte Cadogan, Anna, Powell, Richard, Gilbert, Caroline, Clifford, Aoife Driscoll (Mercy University Hospital), Stassen, Paul, Chris, Lee, Ross Bowe (Midlands Regional Hospital Mullingar), William, Hutch, Michael Hanrahan (University College Cork), Helen, Mohan, Maeve, O'Neill, Italy: Piergiorgio Danelli, Kenneth Mealy (Wexford General Hospital)., Andrea, Bondurri, Anna Maffioli (Azienda Ospedaliera Luigi Sacco, - Polo Universitario), Mario, Pasini, Giacomo, Pata, Stefano Roncali (Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili Di Brescia, - Chirurgia Generale), Paolo, Silvani, Michele, Carlucci, Roberto Faccincani (Irccs Ospedale San Raffaele), Luigi, Bonavina, Yuri, Macchitella, Chiara Ceriani (University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato), Gregorio, Tugnoli, Salomone Di Saverio, Khaled Khattab (Maggiore Hospital), Miguel Angel Paludi, Domenica, Pata, Luigi Maria Cloro (Nicola Giannettasio Hospital), Andrea, Allegri, Federico Coccolini (Papa Giovanni Xxiii Hospital), Ezio, Veronese, Luca, Bortolasi, Alireza Hasheminia (San Bonifacio Hospital), Giacomo, Nastri, Massimiliano Dal Canto, Stefano Cucumazzo (Santa Croce Hospital), Angelo, Benevento, Gaetano Tessera (Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Gallarate), Pier Paolo Grandinetti, Alessio, Maniscalco, Giovanni Luca Lamanna (Santi Benvenuto, E Rocco Hospital Asur), Luca, Turati, Giovanni, Sgroi, Emanuele Rausa (Treviglio Hospital), Roberta, Villa, Michela, Monteleone, David Merlini (Unita' Di Chirurgia D'urgenza Azienda Ospedaliera Salvini), Federico, Coccolini, Andrea Allegri (Unit Of General Surgery, I, Papa Giovanni Xxiii Hospital), Veronica, Grassi, Roberto, Cirocchi, Libya: Hamza Waleed, Alban Cacurri (University Of Perugia)., Ahmed, Diab, Lithuania: Mantas Jokubauskas, Fathi Elzowawi (Misurata Central Hospital)., Karolis, Varkalys, Donatas Venskutonis (Kaunas Clinical Hospital), Robertas, Pranevicius, Viktorija Ambrozeviciute (Klaipedas Seaman Hospital), Simona, Juciute, Austė Skardžiukaitė (Lietuvos Sveikatos Mokslų Universitetas), Saulius, Bradulskis, Linas, Urbanavicius, Aiste, Austraite, Romualdas, Riauka, Zilvinas Dambrauskas (Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences), Paulius, Karumnas, Zigmantas, Urniezius, Reda Zilinskiene (Republic Hospital Of Kaunas), Anele Rudzenskaite (Republic Hospital Of Panevezys), Ausrine, Usaityte, Margarita, Montrimaite, Nerijus Kaselis (Republic Klaipeda Hospital), Andrius, Strazdas, Kristijonas Jokubonis (Stasys Kudirka Regional Hospital Of Alytus), Kornelija, Maceviciute, Virgilijus, Beisa, Kestutis, Strupas, Erikas Laugzemys (Vilnius University, Center Of Abdominal Surgery), Andrej, Kolosov, Valdemaras, Jotautas, Ignas Rakita (Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics), Saulius, Mikalauskas, Darius, Kazanavicius, Rokas, Rackauskas, Virgilijus Beisa (Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos), Ritauras, Rakauskas, Malawi: Ross Coomber, Egle Preckailaite (Vsi Jonavos Ligonine)., Kenneth, Johnson, Malaysia: Dineshwary Periasammy, Jennifer Nowers (Queen Elizabeth Hospital)., Afizah, Salleh, Andre Das (Hospital Kajang), Reuben Goh Ern Tze, Milaksh Nirumal Kumar, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah (Sarawak General Hospital), Nik Ritza Kosai, Mustafa, Taher, Reynu Rajan (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre), Hoong Yin Chong, Malta: Marija Agius, Cheng Chun Goh (University Malaya Medical Centre)., Maureen, Bezzina, Roberta, Bugeja, Martinique, Vella-Baldacchino, Andrew, Spina, Josephine Psaila (Mater Dei Hospital, Martinique: Helene Francois-Coridon, Malta)., Cecilia, Tolg, Jean-Francois Colombani (Department Of Pediatric Surgery, Mother And Children's Hospital, Mexico: Carmina Diaz-Zorrilla, University Hospital Of Martinique)., Antonio Ramos-De La Medina, Mozambique: Mário Jacobe, Samantha Corro-Diaz Gonzalez (Hospital Español de Veracruz)., Domingos, Mapasse, New Zealand: Ramadan Oumer, Elizabeth Snyder (Hospital Central Maputo)., Mohammed Osman (Whangarei Hospital, Nigeria: Aminu Mohammad, Northland District Health Board)., Lofty-John, Anyanwu, Abdulrahman Sheshe (Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital), Alaba, Adesina, Olubukola, Faturoti, Ogechukwu Taiwo (Babcock University Teaching Hospital), Muhammad Habib Ibrahim, Abdulrasheed, A Nasir, Siyaka Itopa Suleiman (Federal Medical Centre, Birnin, Kebbi), Adewale, Adeniyi, Opeoluwa, Adesanya, Ademola Adebanjo (Federal Medical Centre), Roland, Osuoji, Kazeem, Atobatele, Ayokunle, Ogunyemi, Omolara, Williams, Mobolaji, Oludara, Olabode Oshodi (Lagos State University Teaching Hospital), Adesoji, Ademuyiwa, AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga Lawal, Felix, Alakaloko, Olumide, Elebute, Adedapo, Osinowo, Christopher Bode(Lagos University Teaching Hospital), Abidemi Adesuyi (National Hospital Abuja), Adesoji, Tade, Adeleke, Adekoya, Collins Nwokoro (Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital), Omobolaji, O Ayandipo, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Akinlabi, E Ajao (University College Hospital), Samuel Sani Ali, Babatunde, Odeyemi, Samson Olori (University of Abuja Teaching Hospital), Ademola, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Lossius (Department Of Gastrointestinal Surgery, James Adeniran (University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital). Norway: William J., Olavs Hospital, St., Trondheim University Hospital), Ingemar Havemann (Soerlandet Hospital Kristiansand), Kenneth, Thorsen, Jon Kristian Narvestad, Kjetil Soreide (Stavanger University Hospital), Trude Beate Wold, Linn Nymo (University Hospital Of North Norway, Oman: Mohammed Elsiddig, Troms)., Pakistan: Kamran Faisal Bhopal, Manzoor Dar (Sohar Hospital)., Zainab, Iftikhar, Muhammad Mohsin Furqan (Bahawal Victoria Hospital), Bakhtiar, Nighat, Masood, Jawaid, Abdul Khalique (Dow University Hospital), Ahsan, Zil-E-Ali, Anam Rashid (Fatima Memorial Hospital), Hasnain Abbas Dharamshi, Tahira, Naqvi, Ahmad Faraz (Karachi Medical And Dental College, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital), Abdul Wahid Anwar, Tahir Muhammad Yaseen, Ghina Shamim Shamsi, Ghina, Shamsi, Tahir, Yaseen, Paraguay: Horacio Paredes Decoud, Wahid Anwer (The Indus Hospital)., Omar, Aguilera, Ismael Isaac Zelada Alvarez, Juan Marcelo Delgado, Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Peru: Wendy Leslie Messa Aguilar, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse (Hospital De Clínicas)., Jose Antonio Cabala Chiong, Essalud), Ana Cecilia Manchego Bautista (Carlos Alberto Seguin Escobedo National Hospital., Eduardo, Huaman, Sergio, Zegarra, Rony Camacho (Hospital Necional Guillermo Almenara), Jose María Vergara Celis, Diego Alonso Romani Pozo (Hospital De Emergencias Pediatricas), José, Hamasaki, Edilberto, Temoche, Jaime Herrera-Matta (Hospital De Policia), Carla Pierina García Torres, Luis Miguel Alvarez Barreda, Ronald Renato Barrionuevo Ojeda (Hospital Goyeneche), Octavio Garaycochea (Hospital Ii -1 Minsa Moyobamba), Melanie Castro Mollo, Mitchelle Solange De Fã Tima Linares Delgado, Francisco Fujii (Hospital Maria Auxiliadora), Ana Cecilia Manchego Bautista, Wendy Leslie Messa Aguilar, Jose Antonio Cabala Chiong (Hospital Nacional Carlos Alberto Seguin), Susana Yrma Aranzabal Durand, Carlos Alejandro Arroyo Basto, Nelson Manuel Urbina Rojas (Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins-Essalud), Sebastian Bernardo Shu Yip, Ana Lucia Contreras Vergara, Andrea Echevarria Rosas Moran, Giuliano Borda Luque, Manuel Rodriguez Castro, Ramon Alvarado Jaramillo (Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia), George Manrique Sila, Crislee Elizabeth Lopez, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze De Leon, Massiell, Machaca, Ronald Coasaca Huaraya, Andy, Arenas, Crislee, López, Clara Milagros Herrera Puma, Wilfredo, Pino, Christian, Hinojosa, Melanie Zapata Ponze De Leon, Susan, Limache, George Manrrique Sila, Portugal: Renato Melo, Layza-Alejandra Mercado Rodriguez (Hospital Regional Honorio Delgado Espinoza)., Jose, Costa-Maia, Romania: Ionasc Dan, Nuno Muralha (Servico De Cirurgia Geral - Centro Hospitalar Sao Joao - Porto). Reunion: Frederique Sauvat (Chu Reunion)., Mircea, Hogea, Pandi Eduard (Emergency Clinical Hospital Brasov), Razvan-Matei, Bratu, Mircea, Beuran, Ionut-Bogdan, Diaconescu, Bogdan-Valeriu, Martian, Florin-Mihail, Iordache, Mihaela Vartic (Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest), Lucian Corneliu Vida, Liviu Iuliu Muntean, Rwanda: Vizir Jean Paul Nsengimana (Chuk), Aurel Sandu Mironescu (Spitalul Clinic De Copii Brasov)., Alice, Niragire, Jean De La Croix Allen Ingabire, San Marino: Nicola Zanini, Eugene Niyirera (University Teaching Hospital Of Kigali)., Elio, Jovine, Alomar, Giovanni Landolfo (San Marino State Hospital). Saudi Arabia: Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry (Buraydah Central Hospital), Abdulrahman M., Moayad, Othman, Nohad Osman (Imam Abdulrahman Al Faisal Hospital), Enas Alqahtani (King Abdulaziz Hospital Al Ahsa National Guard), Mohammed, Alzahrani, Rifan, Alyami, Emad Aljohani (King Abdulaziz Medical City), Ibrahim, Alhabli, Zaher, Mikwar, Sultan Almuallem (King Abdulaziz Medical City (King Khalid National Guard Hospital, Jeddah), Emad, Aljohani, Mohammed Alzahrani (King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh), Abrar, Nawawi, Mohamad, Bakhaidar, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Mohammed, Alsaggaf, Murad, Aljiffry, Abdulmalik, Altaf, Ahmad, Khoja, Alaa, Habeebullah, Nouf Akeel (Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi, Arabia), Nashat, Ghandora, Abdullah, Almoflihi, Abdulmalik Huwait (King Fahad General Hospital), Abeer, Al-shammari, Mashael Al-Mousa (King Fahad Hospital), Masood, Alghamdi, Walid, Adham, Bandar, Albeladi, Muayad Ahmed Alfarsi, Atif, Mahdi, Saad Al Awwad (King Fahd Hospital), Thamer, Nouh, Mazen Hassanain (King Khaled University Hospital, King Saud University), Salman, Aldhafeeri, Nawal, Sadig, Osama Algohary (King Khalid General Hospital), Mohannad, Aledrisy, Ahmad Alrifaie (King Khalid National Guard Hospital), Mohammed, Alrowais, Amani Althwainy (Department of Surgery, Alaa, Shabkah, Uthman, Alamoudi, Mawaddah Alrajraji (National Guard Hospital), Basim, Alghamdi, Saud, Aljohani, Abdullah Daqeeq (Rcymc), South Africa: Vicky Jennings, Jubran J Al-Faifi (Security Forces Hospital)., Nyawira, Ngayu, Rachel Moore (Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital), Victor Kong (Edendale Hospital), Hayden, Kretzmann, Katie, Connor, Daniel Nel (Frere Hospital), Colleen, Sampson, Eugenio Panieri (Groote Schuur), Nosisa Sishuba (Helen Joseph Hospital, Department Of Surgery, University Of The Witwatersrand), Myint, Tun, Albert Mohale Mphatsoe, Jo-Anne Carreira (Leratong Hospital), Mark Wagener (Ngwelezana Hospital), Stefan, Botes, Spain: Fernando Fernandez-Bueno (Hospital Central De La Defensa Gomez Ulla), Danelo Du Plessis (Rob Ferreira Hospital)., Jose, Aguilar-Jimenez, Sms), Jose Andres Garcia-Marin (Hospital Morales Meseguer., Lorena Solar García, Luis Joaquín García Florez, Rubén Darío Arias Pacheco (Hospital San Agustín), Janet, Pagnozzi, Jimy Harold Jara Quezada, Jose Luis Rodicio, German, Minguez, Raquel, Rodríguez-Uría, Paul, Ugalde, Camilo, Lopez-Arevalo, Luis, Barneo, Jessica Patricia Gonzales Stuva (Hospital Universitario Central De Asturias), Irene, Ortega-Vazquez, Lorena, Rodriguez, Sri Lanka: Prasad Pitigala Arachchi, Norberto Herrera (Severo Ochoa University Hospital)., Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya Arachchige (Department Of General Surgery, Teaching Hospital Kandy), Sivasuriya, Sivaganesh, Dulan Irusha Samaraweera, Sudan: Ahmed Elgaili Khalid Musa, Vimalakanthan Thanusan (National Hospital Of Sri Lanka)., Reem Mohammed Hassan Balila, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad Mohamed (Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital), Hussein, Ali, Hagir Zain Elabdin, Alaa Hassan (Jarash International Specialized Hospital), Sefeldin, Mahdi, Hala, Ahmed, Sahar Abdoun Ishag Idris (Khartoum Teaching Hospital), Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Elsayed, Sweden: Magnus Boijsen, Mohamed Mahmoud (Omdurman Teaching Hospital)., Per-Olof Lundgren (Capio St Goran Hospital), Ulf, Gustafsson, Ali Kiasat (Danderyds Hospital), Fredrik, Wogensen, Emma, Jurdell, Anders Thorell (Department Of Surgery, Ersta, Hospital, Stockholm), Hildur, Thorarinsdottir, Maria Utter (Helsingborgs Lasarett), Sami Martin Sundstrom (Hudiksvall Sjukhus), Cecilia, Wredberg, Ann Kjellin (Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset), Johanna, Nyberg, Bjorn Frisk (Skaraborg Hospital Skovde), Malin, Sund, Linda, Andersson, Ulf Gunnarsson (Department Of Surgical And Perioperative Sciences, Umea University and Umea University Hospital), Yücel, Cengiz, Sandra, Ahlqvist, Ida Björklund (Sundsvall Hostpital) Hanna Royson, Per Weber (Vaexjoe Central Hospital), Hans-Ivar, Pahlsson, Eva Borin (Visby Hospital, Department Of Surgery), Maria Hjertberg (Vrinnevi Hospital), Hanna, Royson, Switzerland: Roger Schmid, Per Weber (Vaxjo Central Hospital)., Debora, Schivo, Vasileios Despotidis (Bürgerspital Solothurn), Stefan, Breitenstein, Ralph, F Staerkle, Erik Schadde (Kantonsspital Winterthur), Fabian, Deichsel, Alexandra, Gerosa, Antonio Nocito (Kantonsspital Baden), Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Barbara, Mijuskovic, Markus, Zuber, Lukas Eisner (Kantonsspital Olten), Swantje, Kruspi, Katharina Beate Reinisch, Christin Schoewe (Kreisspital Fuer Das Freiamt Muri Ag), Allan, Novak, Palma, Adrian F., Gerfried Teufelberger (Kreisspital Muri, Tanzania: Msafiri Kimaro, Department Of Surgery)., Rachel King (Mbalizi Christian Designated Hospital) Turkey: Ali Zeynel Abidin Balkan, Mehmet, Gumar, Mehmet Ali Yavuz (Harran University Research And Treatment Hospital), Ufuk, Karabacak, Gokhan, Lap, Bahar Busra Ozkan (Ondokuz Mayis University, Medical, Faculty), Bahar Busra Ozkan, United Kingdom: Ryan Adams, Murat Karakahya (Ordu University Training And Research Hospital)., Robert, Morton, Liam, Henderson, Ruth, Gratton, Keiran David Clement, Kate Yu-Ching Chang, David, Mcnish, Ryan, Mcintosh, William Milligan (Aberdeen Royal Infirmary), Brendan, Skelly, Hannah, Anderson-Knight, Roger Lawther (Altnagelvin Area Hospital), Jemina, Onimowo, Veereanna, Shatkar, Shivanee Tharmalingam (Barking, Havering And Redbridge University Hospitals Trust (Queens Hospital, Romford), Evelina, Woin, Tessa, Fautz, Oliver Ziff (Barnet General Hospital), Shiva, Dindyal, Sam, Arman, Shagorika, Talukder, Vijay, Gadhvi, Shagorika Talukder (Basildon And Thurrock University Foundation Trust), Luen Shaun Chew, Jonathan Heath (Blackpool Victoria Teaching Hospitals), Natalie, Blencowe, Sally, Hallam, Katherine Gash (Bristol Royal Infirmary), Gurdeep Singh Mannu, Dimitris-Christos, Zachariades, Ailsa Claire Snaith (Buckinghamshire NHS Trust), Thusitha Sampath Hettiarachchi, Arjun, Nesaratnam, James Wheeler (Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Darragh, Mccullagh, Joshua Michael Clements, Ata Khan (Causeway Hospital), Foteini, Koumpa, Christina, Neophytou, Jessica, Roth, Wai Cheong Soon, Mohammed, Deputy, Ahmed, Ahmed, Annelisse, Ashton, Joe, Vincent, Jack, Almy, Taufiq, Khan, John Lee, Y Allen, Charlotte Jane Mcintyre, Dominic Charles Marshall (Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust), Mark, Sykes, Nebil, Behar, Harriet Jordan (Chelsea And Westminster Hospital), Yaseen, Rajjoub, Thomas Sherman (Cheltenham General Hospital), Timothy, White, Anna, Watts, Rohan Ardley (Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust), Tan, Arulampalam, Apar, Shah, Damien Brown (Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust), Emma, Blower, Paul, Sutton, Konstantinos, Gasteratos, Dale Vimalachandran (Countess Of Chester Hospital), Cathy, Magee, Andrew Mcguigan (Craigavon Area Hospital), Stephen, Mcaleer, Clare Morgan (Daisy Hill Hospital), Sarah Braungart (Department Of Paediatric Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary), Kirsten, Lafferty, Peter, Labib, Andrei, Tanase, Clodagh, Mangan, Lillian, Reza, Clodagh Mangan (Derriford Hospital), Helen, Woodward, Craig, Gouldthorpe, Megan Turner (Diana Princess Of Wales Hospital), Jonathan R, L Wild, Tom AM Malik, Victoria, K Proctor (Doncaster Royal Infirmary NHS Foundation Trust), Kalon, Hewage, James Davies (Dorset County Hospital), Andre, Dubois, Sayed, Sarwary, Ali, Zardab, Alan, Grant, Robert Mcintyre (Dr Grays Hospital), Yogendra Praveen Mogan, Weiguang, Ho, Bryon Frankie Hon Khi Chong (Dumfries And Galloway Royal Infirmary), Shirish, Tewari, Gemma, Humm, Eriberto Farinella (East And North Hertfordshire NHS Trust Lister Hospital) Nigel, J Hall, Naomi, J Wright, Christina, P Major (Evelina Children's Hospital), Thelma, Xerri, Phoebe De Bono, Jasim, Amin, Mustafa, Farhad, Camilleri-Brennan, John F., Andrew G, N Robertson, Joanna, Swann, James, Richards, Aijaz, Jabbar, Myranda, Attard, Hannah, Burns, Euan, Macdonald, Matthew, Baldacchino, Jennifer, Skehan, Julian Camilleri-Brennan (Forth Valley Royal Hospital), Tom Falconer Hall, Madelaine, Gimzewska, Greta Mclachlan (Frimley Park Hospital), Jamie, Shah, James Giles (George Elliot Hospital), Selina, Chiu, Beatrix, Weber, Selina Man Yeng Chiu, Saskia Highcock (Gilbert Bain Hospital), Maleeha, Hassan, William, Beasley, Apostolos, Vlachogiorgos, Stephen, Dias, Geta, Maharaj, Rosie Mcdonald (Glangwili General Hospital), Alisdair, Macdonald, Paul, Witherspoon, Alan Baird (Glasgow Southern General Hospital), Panchali, Sarmah, Nikki, Green, Haney Youssef (Good Hope Hospital), Kate, Cross, Clare, M Rees, Bernard Van Duren (Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Foundation Trust), Emma Upchurch (Great Western Hospital), Khurram, Khan, Haytham, Abudeeb, Ahmed Hammad (Hairmyres Hospital, Nhs, Lanarkshire), Sharad, Karandikar, Doug, Bowley, Ahmed Karim (Heart Of England Foundation Trust), Witold, Chachulski, Liam, Richardson, Giles, Dawnay, Ben, Thompson, Ajayesh, Mistry, Aneel, Bhangu, Millika, Ghetia, Sudipta, Roy, Ossama, Al-Obaedi, Kaustuv Das (Hereford County Hospital), Ash, Prabhudesai, Cocker, Dm, Jessica Juliana Tan (Hillingdon Hospital), Robert, Tyler, Filippo Di Franco, Shruti Ayyar (Hinchingbrooke Hospital), Sayinthen, Vivekanantham, Shyam Gokani (Imperial College London), Michael, Gillespie, Katrin Gudlaugsdottir (Inverclyde Royal Hospital), Theodore, Pezas, Chelise, Currow, Matthew Young-Han Kim (Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust), Amerdip, Birring, Joanne, Edwards, Ased, Ali, Suparna, Das, Madan, Jha, Kieran Atkinson (James Cook University Hospital), Joshua, Luck, Thomas, Fozard, Michael Puttick (John Radcliffe Hospital), Yahya, Salama, Rohi, Shah, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Hamdi, Ebdewi, Gianpiero, Gravante, Saleem El-Rabaa (Kettering General Hospital), Henry, Nnajiuba, Rebecca, Allott, Aman Bhargava (King George Hospital), Zoe, Chan, Zaffar Hassan (Kings College Hospital), Misty, Makinde, David, Hemingway, Ramzana, Dean, Alexander, Boddy, Ahmed, Aber, Vijay Patel (Leicester Royal Infirmary), Jehangirshaw Parakh (Leighton Hospital, - Mid Cheshire NHS Foundation Trust), Sunil Parthiban (Lister Hospital), Harmony Kaur Ubhi, Simon-Peter Hosein (Luton And Dunstable Hospital), Simon, Ward, Kamran Malik (Macclesfield District General Hospital), Leifa, Jennings, Tom, Newton, Mirna, Alkhouri, Min Kyu Kang, Christopher, Houlden, Jonathan Barry (Morriston Hospital), Imtanan, Raza, Alistair, Farquharson, Sanjeet Bhattacharya (NHS Ayrshire), William, Milligan, Kate, Chang, Liam Henderson (NHS Grampian), Michael S, J Wilson, Yan Ning Neo, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Emily, Chan, Fraser, S Peck, Pei, J Lim, Alexander, S North, Rebecca, Blundell, Adam Williamson (Ninewells Hospital, NHS), Dina, Fouad, Ashish Minocha (Norfolk And Norwich University Hospital), Kathryn, Mccarthy, Emma, Court, Alice Chambers (North Bristol NHS Trust), Jenna, Yee, Ji Chung Tham, Ceri Beaton (North Devon District Hospital), Una, Walsh, Joseph, Lockey, Salman, Bokhari, Lara, Howells, Megan, Griffiths, Laura Yallop (Northwick Park Hospital), Shailinder, Singh, Omar, Nasher, Paul Jackson (Nottingham Children's Hospital At Queens Medical Centre Campus), Michael, Puttick, Thomas Fozard (Oxford University Hospitals), Abdul Muiz Shariffuddin, Weng Chee Ho, Michael Sj Wilson, Gurpreet Pabla (Perth Royal Infirmary), Saed, Ramzi, Shady, Zeidan, Jennifer Doughty (Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust), Sidhartha, Sinha, Ross, Davenport, Jason Lewis (Princess Alexandra Hospital), Leo, Duffy, Elizabeth, Mcaleer, Eleanor Williams (Princess Of Wales Hospital), Robin, Som, Omar Javed (Queen Elizabeth Hospital Woolwich), Matthew, Boal, Nicola, Harrison, Habib, Tafazal, Omar, Javed, Tom, Brogden, Ewen Griffiths (Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham) Rhalumi Daniel Obute, Thomas, E Glover, David, J Clark (Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn), Mohamed, Boshnaq, Mansoor, Akhtar, Pascale, Capleton, Samer, Doughan, Mohamed, Rabie, Ismail Mohamed (Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital), Duncan, Samuel, Lauren, Dickson, Matthew, Kennedy, Eleanor, Dempster, Emma, Brown, Natalie, Maple, Eimear, Monaghan, Bernhard, Wolf, Alicia Garland (Raigmore Hospital), Arthur, Mcphee, David, Anderson, Robert Anderson (Royal Alexandria Hospital), Sarah, Hassan, Dave Smith (Royal Bolton Hospital), Jonathan, Lund, Catherine, Boereboom, Jennifer, Murphy, Gillian, Tierney, Samson Tou (Royal Derby Hospital), Eleanor Franziska Zimmermann, Neil James Smart, Andrea Marie Warwick (Royal Devon And Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust), Theodora, Stasinou, Ian, Daniels, Kim Findlay-Cooper (Royal Devon &amp, Exeter NHS Foundation Trust), Stefan, Mitrasinovic, Swayamjyoti, Ray, Massimo, Varcada, Rovan, D'Souza, Sharif Omara (Royal Free Hospital), Matthew, Spurr, Lucienne, Parkinson, Anthony Hanks (Royal Glamorgan Hospital), Jennifer, Ma, Emily, Abington, Meera, Ramcharn, Gethin Williams (Royal Gwent Hospital), Joseph, Winstanley, Kennedy, Ewan D., Emily NW Yeung (Royal Hospital For Sick Children), Catrin, Jones, Stephen, O'Neill, Shujing Jane Lim, Ignatius, Liew, Hari, Nair, Cameron, Fairfield, Julia, Oh, Samantha, Koh, Andrew, Wilson, Catherine Fairfield (Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Delran, Anandkumar, Ashok, Kirupagaran, Timothy, F Jones, Hew Dt Torrance, Alexander, J Fowler, Charmilie, Chandrakumar, Priyank, Patel, Syed Faaz Ashraf, Lakhani, Sonam M., Aaron Lawson Mclean, Sonia Basson (Royal London Hospital), Jeremy, Batt, Catriona, Bowman, Natasha Benons (Royal United Hospital Bath), Clare, Mason, Rebecca, Harrison, John Quayle (Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust), Tom, Barker, Virginia, Summerour, Edward Harper (Sandwell And West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust), Caroline, Smith, Matthew Hampton (Sheffield Children's Hospital), Sophie, K Pitt, Alex, E Ward, Timothy, O’Connor, Emily, G Heywood, Thomas, M Drake (Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Abeed, Chowdhury, Sina, Hossaini, Nicholas Fs Watson (Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Doug, Mckechnie, Ayaan, Farah, Anita Chun (Southend University Hospital), Hoey, Koh, Grace, Lim, Graham Sunderland (Southern General Hospital), Laura, Gould, Alice Chambers (Southmead Hospital), C Munipalle, P, Rooney, H, D R, L Browning (Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust), Bernadette, Pereira, Kristof Nemeth (St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust), Emily, Decker, Stefano, Giuliani, George's Healthcare NHS Trust And University), Aly Shalaby (St., Shafaque, Shaikh, Chern Yan Tan, James's University Hospital), Ebrahim Y A Palkhi (St., Aleksandra, Szczap, Swathikan, Chidambaram, Chee Yang Chen, Kavian, Kulasabanathan, Srishti Chhabra (St Mary's Hospital), Elisabeth, Kostov, Philippe, Harbord, Mary's Hospital), James Barnacle (St., Madan Mohan Palliyil, Mina, Zikry, Johnathan, Porter, Charef, Raslan, Shazia, Hafiz, Niksa, Soltani, Katie Baillie (Stockport NHS Foundation Trust), Priyanka, Singh, Shailee, Sheth, Kishen, Patel, Mahry, Khalili, Jeesoo, Choi, Matthew Benger (St Thomas' Hospital), Lucy, Marples, Alastair, Macfarlane, Thomas Hospital), Ramesh Thurairaja (St., Tamsin, Boyce, Harriet, Whewell, Elin Jones (The Royal Gwent Hospital), Francesca, Th'Ng, Nichola Robertson (The Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Ahmad, Mirza, Haroon, Saeed, Simon Galloway (The University Hospital Of South Manchester), Gia, Elena, Mohammad, Afzal, Mohamed Zakir (United Lincolnshire Hospitals, - Pilgrim Hospital), Peter, Sodde, Charles, Hand, Aiesha, Sriram, Tamsyn, Clark, Patrick, Holton, Amy Livesey (University Hospital Coventry And Warwickshire), Yashashwi, Sinha, Fahad Mujtaba Iqbal, Indervir Singh Bharj (University Hospital Of North Midlands), Adriana, Rotundo, Cara, Jenvey, Robert Slade (University Hospital Of North Staffordshire NHS Trust), David, Golding, Samuel, Haines, Ali Adel Ne'ma Abdullah, Thomas, W Tilston, Dafydd, Loughran, Danielle, Donoghue, Lorenzo, Giacci, Mohamed Ashur Sherif, Peter, Harrison, Alethea Tang (University Hospital Of Wales), Deevia Kotecha (University Hospitals Leicester, - Leicester Royal Infirmary), Mohamed, Elshaer, Tomas, Urbonas, Amjid, Riaz, Annie, Chapman, Parisha, Acharya, Joseph Shalhoub (Watford General Hospital), Cathleen, Grossart, David McMorran (Western General Hospital), Makhosini, Mlotshwa, William, Hawkins, Sofronis Loizides (Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Trust), Kandaswamy, Krishna, Melanie, Orchard, Chik Wai Ho (Weston General Hospital), Peter, Thomson, Shahab, Khan, Fiona, Taylor, Jalak, Shukla, Emma Elizabeth Howie (Whipps Cross University Hospital), Linda, Macdonald, Olusegun, Komolafe, Neil Mcintyre (Wishaw General Hospital), James, Cragg, Jody, Parker, Duncan Stewart (Wrexham Maelor Hospital), Luke, Lintin, Julia, Tracy, United States: George Molina, Tahir Farooq (Yeovil District Hospital)., Haytham, Kaafarani, Laura Luque (Massachusetts General Hospital), Robel, Beyene, Jack, Sava, Mark Scott (Medstar Washington Hospital Center), Mamta, Swaroop, Raelene Kennedy (Northwestern Memorial Hospital), Ijeoma, A Azodo, Daithi, Heffernan, Tristen, Chun, Andrew Stephen (The Rhode Island Hospital), Melanie, Sion, Weinstein, Michael S., Viren Punja (Thomas Jefferson University Hospital), Nikolay, Bugaev, Monica, Goodstein, Shadi Razmdjou (Tufts Medical Center), Eric, Etchill, Juan Carlos Puyana, Matthew Kesinger (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, - Presbyterian Hospital), Lena, Napolitano, Kathleen, To, Zambia: Oliver Todd, Mark Hemmila (University Of Michigan)., Edward, Jenner, Local collaborators (GlobalSurg-2) Albania: Besmir Grizhja, Ellen Hoogakker (St Francis Hospital)., Shpetim, Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi (Spitali Rajonal Shkoder), Argentina: Roberto Klappenbach, Diego, Antezana, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza Beleño, Cecilia, Costa, Belen, Sanchez, Susan Aviles (Hospital Zonal General De Agudos Simplemente Evita), Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén, Balmaceda, Santiago, Villalobos, Lagomaggiore, Juan Manuel Carmona (Hospital Luis C., Mendoza), Australia: Daniel Hamill, Peter, Deutschmann, Simone, Sandler, Daniel Cox (Alice Springs Hospital), Ram, Nataraja, Claire, Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar (Monash Medical Center), Demi Gray, Morgan Haines (Port Macquarie Base Hospital), Dush, Iyer, Nithya, Niranjan, Scott D'Amours (Liverpool Hospital), Morvarid, Ashtari, Bangladesh: Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Helena Franco (Gold Coast University Hospital)., Sabbir Karim (Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital), Nowrin F. Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee (Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College &amp, Umme, Salma, Joyeta, Razzaque, Tasnia Hamid Kanta (Dhaka Medical College And Hospital), Sayeeda Aktar Tori, Shadid, Alamin, Swapnil, Roy, Shadid Al Amin, Rezaul Karim (Armed Forces Medical College), Muhtarima, Haque, Amreen, Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar (Birdem Bangladesh Institute Of Research And Rehabilitation In Diabetes Endocrine And Metabolic Disorder General Hospital), Barbados: Margaret O'Shea, Greg, Padmore, Belarus: Andrey Litvin, Ramesh Jonnalagadda (Queen Elizabeth Hospital)., Aliaksandr, Filatau, Dzmitry, Paulouski, Maryna, Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava (Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital), Dzianis, Khokha, Vladimir Khokha (City Hospital) Benin: Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou (Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga), Djifid Morel Seto, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno, Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou (Centre National Hospitalier Et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga), Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou (Clinique Vignon), Ernest Yemalin Stephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou (Hopital El Fateh), Max, Dénakpo, Burundi: Carlos Nsengiyumva, Germain Ahlonsou (Hospital Saint Luc). Botswana: Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada (Princess Marina Hospital)., Sandrine, Kwizera, Cambodia: Philip Choi, Venerand Barendegere (Hopital Militaire De Kamenge)., Simon Stock (World Mate Emergency Hospital) Canada: Luai Jamal, China: Tzu-Ling Chen, Arnav Agarwal (The Hospital For Sick Children)., Colombia: Irene Montes, Chingwan Yip (Fudan University Affiliated Huashan Hospital)., Felipe, Zapata, Sebastian Sierra (Clinica CES), Maria Isabel Villegas Lanau, Ivan Mendoza Restrepo (Clinica Las Vegas), Ruben Santiago Restrepo Giraldo, Croatia: Edgar Domini, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango (Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación)., Robert, Karlo, Egypt: Mohamed Youssef, Jakov Mihanovic (Zadar General Hospital)., Waleed, Thabet, Aly, Sanad, Ahmed, Zaki, Noran, Abdel-Hameed, Mohamed, Mostafa, Muhammad Fathi Waleed Omar, Ahmed, Ghanem, Adel, Denewar, Eman, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Ahmad, Sakr, Rehab, Elashry, Sameh Emile (Mansoura University Hospital), Toqa, Khafagy, Sara, Elhamouly, Arwa, Elfarargy, Amna Mamdouh Mohamed, Ghada Saied Nagy, Abeer, Esam, Eman, Elwy, Aya, Hammad, Salwa, Khallaf, Eman, Ibrahim, Ahmed, Saidbadr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Amany Eldosouky Mohammed, Mohammed, Elgheriany, Eman, Abdelmageed, Eman Abd Al Raouf, Esraa Samir Elbanby, Maha, Elmasry, Mahitab Morsy Farahat, Eman Yahya Mansor, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Gamal, Hend, Kandil, Doaa Maher Abdelrouf, Mohamed Moaty (Menofiya University Hospital), Dina, Gamal, Nada, El-Sagheer, Mohamed, Salah, Salma, Magdy, Asmaa, Salah, Ahmed, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Mahmoud, Badawy, Sara Ahmed (Beni Suef University Hospital), Mazed, Mohamed, Abdelrahman, Assal, Mohamed, Sleem, Mai, Ebidy, Aly Abd Elrazek, Diaaaldin, Zahran, Nourhan, Adam, Mohamed, Nazir, Adel, B Hassanein, Ahmed, Ismail, Amira, Elsawy, Rana, Mamdouh, Mohamed, Mabrouk, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Hassab Alnaby, Eman, Magdy, Manar, Abd-Elmawla, Marwan, Fahim, Bassant, Mowafy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Meran, Allam, Muhammad, Alkelani, Noran Halim El Gendy, Mariam Saad Aboul-Naga, Reham Alaa El-Din, Alyaa Halim Elgendy, Mohamed, Ismail, Mahmoud, Shalaby, Aya Adel Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Elsayed Moghazy, Khaled Hesham Elbisomy, Hend Adel Gawad Shakshouk, Mohamed Fouad Hamed, Mai Mohamed Ebidy, Mohamed Karkeet (Alexandria Main UniversIty Hospital), Hayam, Ahmed, Israa, Adel, Mohammad Elsayed Omar, Mohamed, Ibrahim, Omar, Ghoneim, Omar, Hesham, Shimaa, Gamal, Karim, Hilal, Omar, Arafa, Sawsan Adel Awad, Menatalla, Salem, Fawzia Abdellatif Elsherif, Nourhan, Elsabbagh, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R., Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Amr, Hossameldin, Ethar, Hany, Yomna Hosny Asar, Nourhan, Anwar, Mohamed, Gadelkarim, Samar, Abdelhady, Eman Mohamed Morshedy, Reham, Saad, Nourhan, Soliman, Mahmoud Salama (Alexandria Medical Research Institute), Eslam, Ezzat, Arwa, Mohamed, Arwa, Ibrahim, Alaa, Fergany, Sara, Mohammed, Aya, Reda, Yomna, Allam, Hanan Adel Saad, Afnan, Abdelfatah, Aya Mohamed Fathy, Ahmed, El-Sehily, Esraa Abdalmageed Kasem, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan, Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed, Abdalla Gamal Saad, Arij, Ibrahim, Amr, Hassaan, Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed, Ghada, Elhoseny, Mohamed, Magdy, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia, Zakaria, Tarek, Ezzat, Ali Abo El Dahab, Mohamed, Kelany, Sara, Arafa, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien, Ahmed, Kholoud, Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah (Faculty Of Medicine, Zagazig, University), Muhammad Amsyar Auni Lokman, Suraya, Bahar, Anan Rady Abdelazeam, Abdelrahman, Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah, Zulkifli, Siti Nur Alia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz, Elhendawy, Aliang, Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul, Shaharuddin, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul Majid, Dina, Al-Marakby, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan Mohd Basir, Citra Dewi Mohd Ali, Aya Yehia Ata (Faculty Of Medicine, Tanta, University), Maha, Nasr, Asmaa, Rezq, Ahmed, Sheta, Sherif, Tariq, Abd Elkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman KZ Darwish, Sohaila, Elmihy, Shady, Elhadry, Ahmed, Farag, Haidar, Hajeh, Abdelaziz, Abdelaal, Amro, Aglan, Ahmed, Zohair, Mahitab, Essam, Omar, Moussa, Esraa, El-Gizawy, Mostafa, Samy, Safia, Ali, Esraa, Elhalawany, Ahmed, Ata, Mohamed El Halawany, Mohamed, Nashat, Samar, Soliman, Alaa, Elazab, Mostada Samy (El-Menshawy General Hospital), Mohamed, A Abdelaziz, Khaled, Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar, Gado, Usama Hantour (Al-Hussein Hospital), Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda loaloa, Arwa, Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa Eldin, Eman, Hashad, Fathy, Sroor, Doaa, Gamil, Eman Mahmoud Abdulhakeem, Mahmoud, Zakaria, Fawzy, Mohamed, Marwan, Abubakr, Elsayed, Ali, Hesham, Magdy, Menna Tallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelaty Mohamed, Salma, Mansour, Hager Abdul Aziz Amin, Ahmed Rabie Mohamed, Mahmoud, Saami, Nada Ahmed Reda Elsayed, Adham, Tarek, Sabry Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud, Islam Magdy El Sayed, Amira, Reda, Martina Yusuf Shawky, Mohammed Mousa Salem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed, Talaat, Shahinaz, Alaael-Dein, Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny, Noha, Abdullah, Mohammed, Elshaar, Aya AbdelFatah Ibraheem, Hager, Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdy Madkor, Mohamed, Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoud Abdel-Kader, Osama Mohamed Salah (Benha Faculty Of Medicine), Mahmoud, Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoud Eid (October, 6 University Hospital), Attia, Attia, Ayman Shwky (Bab El-Shareia University Hospital), Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman, Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar (The Memorial Soaad Kafafi University Hospital), Farrag, Sayed, Fahd Abdel Sabour, Azizeldine, Mohammed G., Muhammad, Shawqi, Abdullah, Hashim, Ahmed, Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf, Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Amal, Ibrahim, Basma, Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa, Qenawy, Rashed, Ahmed M., Ahmed, Dahy, Marwa, Sayed, Shamsedine, Ahmed W., Bakeer, Mohamed, Ahmad, Hasan, Saad, Mahmoud M., Khalil Abdul Bassit (Assiut University Hospital), Nadia Khalid Abd El-Latif, Nada, Elzahed, Ahmed El Kashash, Nada Mohamed Bekhet, Sarah, Hafez, Ahmed, Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abd Elsameea, Mohamed, Hafez, Ahmad, Sabe, Ataa, Ahmed, Ahmed, Shahine, Khaled, Dawood, Shireen, Gaafar, Reem, Husseiny, Omnia, Aboelmagd, Ahmed, Soliman, Nourhan, Mesbah, Hossam, Emadeldin, Amgad Al Meligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa, Hasan, Khaled, Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Elnajjar, Mahmoud A., Majed, Aboelella, Ward, Hamsho, Ihab, Hassan, Hala, Saad, Galaleldin, Abdelazim, Hend, Mahmoud, Noha, Wael, Ahmedali, M Kandil, Ahmed, Magdy, Shimaa Said Elkholy, Badr Eldin Adel, Kareem, Dabbour, Saged, Elsherbiney, Omar, Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed Aly, Abdelrahman, Geuoshy, Ahmedglal, Elnagar, Saraibrahim, Ahmed, Ibrahem, Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Manar, Saeed, Shady, Mahmoud, Badreldin Adel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay, Zakaria, Gad‏, Mariam O., Mohamed Salah Elhelbawy, Monica, Bassem, Noha, Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan, Semeda, Shaza Rabie Mohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, AA Essam (Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo, University), Dina, Tarek, Khlood, Ashour, Alaa, Elhadad, Abdulrahman, Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim, Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha, Abdelhamed, Omar, Abdelkader, Ayat, Hassaan, Yasmin, Soliman, Amna, Mohamed, Sara Amr Mohamed Farouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher (Faculty Of Medicine Seuz Canal University), Merna, Mostafa, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous Badr, Rofida, Elsemelawy, Aya, El-Sawy, Ahmad, Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati (Smouha University Hospital), Estonia: Sten Saar, Arvo, Reinsoo, Peep Talving (The North Estonia Medical Centre), Ethiopia: Nebyou Seyoum, Tewodros, Worku, Agazi Fitsum (Addis Ababa University, College Of Health Sciences, School Of Medicine), Finland: Matti Tolonen, Ville Sallinen (Helsinki University Hospital), France: Benoît Parmentier, Matthieu, Peycelon, Sabine Irtan (Trousseau Hospital, APHP), Sabrina Dardenne, Elsa Robert (GHICL), Betty, Maillot, Etienne, Courboin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud, Juliette Hascoet (CHU Rennes), Amir Ait Kaci, Thomas Prudhomme (CHU Toulouse), Quentin, Ballouhey, Céline, Grosos, Laurent Fourcade (CHU Limoges), Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean-Francois, Francois-Coridon Helene (CHU Martinique), Xavier Delforge, Elodie Haraux (CHU Amiens Picardie), Bertrand, Dousset, Roberto, Schiavone, Sebastien Gaujoux (Cochin, - APHP), Jean-Baptiste, Marret, Aurore, Haffreingue, Julien Rod (CHU Caen), Mariette Renaux-Petel (CHU Rouen), Jean-François, Lecompte, Jean, Bréaud, Pauline Gastaldi (CHU Lenval Nice), Chouikh, Taieb, Raquillet, Claire, Echaieb Anis (Hopital Robert Ballanger, Paris), Nasir, Bustangi, Manuel, Lopez, Aurelien Scalabre (CHU De Saint Etienne), Maria Giovanna Grella (CHU Poitiers), Aurora, Mariani, Guillaume, Podevin, Françoise Schmitt (CHU Angers), Aline, Broch, Cecile Muller (Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, Ghana: Stephen Tabiri, APHP)., Dickson, Bandoh, Francis, Abantanga, Martin, Kyereh, Hamza, Asumah, Eric Kofi Appiah, Paul Wondoh (Tamale Teaching Hospital), Adam, Gyedu, Charles, Dally, Kwabena, Agbedinu, Michael, Amoah, Abiboye Yifieyeh (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology/Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital), Particks Hospital), Frank Owusu (St., Mabel, Amoako-Boateng, Makafui, Dayie, Richmond, Hagan, Sam Debrah (Cape Coast Teaching Hosital), Micheal, Ohene-Yeboah, Joe-Nat, Clegg-Lampety, Victor, Etwire, Jonathan, Dakubo, Samuel, Essoun, William, Bonney, Hope, Glover-Addy, Samuel, Osei-Nketiah, Joachim, Amoako, Niiarmah, Adu-Aryee, William, Appeadu-Mensah, Antoinette, Bediako-Bowan, Florence Dedey (Korle Bu Teaching Hospital), Mattew, Ekow, Emmanuel, Akatibo, Musah Yakubu (Baptist Medical Center, Nalerigu), Hope Edem Kofi Kordorwu, Kwasi, Asare-Bediako, Enoch Tackie (Keta Hospital District Hospital, Keta), Kenneth, Aaniana, Emmanuel, Acquah, Richard, Opoku-Agyeman, Anthony, Avoka, Kwasi, Kusi, Kwame Maison (Techiman Holy Family Hospital), Frank Enoch Gyamfi (Berekum Holy Family Hospital), Gandau Naa Barnabas, Saiba Abdul-Latif (Upper West Regional Hospital), Philip Taah Amoako (Samapa Government Hospital), Anthony Davor, Victor Dassah (Upper East Regional Hospital), Mary's Hospital), Enoch Dagoe (St., Prince Kwakyeafriyie (Essumejaman Sda Hospital, Dominase), Elliot, Akoto, Eric, Ackom, Ekow Mensah (Dormaa Presbyterian Hospital), Ebenezer Takyi Atkins, Christian Lari Coompson (Brongho-Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani) Greece: Nikolaos Ivros, Christoforos, Ferousis, Vasileios, Kalles, Christos, Agalianos, Ioannis, Kyriazanos, Christos, Barkolias, Angelos, Tselos, Georgios, Tzikos, Evangelos Voulgaris (Naval And Veterans Hospital), Dimitrios, Lytras, Athanasia, Bamicha, Kyriakos Psarianos (Achillopoyleio General Hospital Of Volos), Anastasios Stefanopoulos (General Hospital Of Nafplio, Department Of Surgery), Ioannis, Patoulias, Dimitrios, Sfougaris, Gennimatas Hospital), Ioannis Valioulis (G., Dimitrios, Balalis, Dimitrios, Korkolis, Dimitrios, K Manatakis (Saint Savvas Cancer Hospital), Georgios, Kyrou, Georgios, Karabelias, Iason-Antonios Papaskarlatos (General And Oncological Hospital Of Kifissia-Athens), Kolonia, Konstantina, Nikolaos, Zampitis, Stylianos Germanos (General Hospital Of Larissa), Aspasia, Papailia, Theodosios, Theodosopoulos, Georgios Gkiokas (2nd Dept Of Surgery, Aretaieion, Hospital, National, &amp, Kapodistrian University Of Athens School Of Medicine), Magdalini, Mitroudi, Christina, Panteli, Thomas, Feidantsis, Gennimatas General Hospital), Konstantinos Farmakis (G., Dimitrios, Kyziridis, Orestis, Ioannidis, Styliani Parpoudi (4th Surgical Department, Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki, General, Hospital, Papanikolaou), Georgios Gemenetzis, Stavros Parasyris (Attikon University Hospital), Michail Margaritis (Serres General Hospital), Guatemala: Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Otto, Coyoy-Gaitan, Javier Rosales (Hospital General San Juan De Dios), Luis, Tale, Emmanuel Barrios (Juan Josè Arevalo Bermejo), Servio Tulio Torres Rodriguez, Carlos Paz Galvez, Danilo Herrera Cruz (Hospital San Vicente), Guillermo Sanchez Rosenberg, Alejandro, Matheu, David Monterroso Cohen (Hospital Herrera Llerandi), Haiti: Marie Paul, Angeline Charles (Hopital Universitaire De Mirebalais), Hong Kong SAR, China: Justin Chak Yiu Lam, Man Hon Andrew Yeung, Chi Ying Jacquelyn Fok, Ka Hin Gabriel Li, Anthony Chuk-Him Lai, Yuk Hong Eric Cheung, Hong Yee Wong, Ka Wai Leung, Tien Seng Bryan Lee, Wai Him Lam, Weihei, Dao, Stephanie Hiu-wai Kwok, Tsz-Yan Katie Chan, Yung Kok Ng, TWC Mak (Prince Of Wales Hospital), Qinyang, Liu, Chi Chung Foo, James Yang (University Of Hong Kong), India: Basant Kumar, Ankur, Bhatnagar, Vijaid Upadhyaya (Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute Of Medical Sciences), Sunil Kumar (Excelcare Hospital), Uday, Muddebihal, Wasim, Dar, KC Janardha (Manipal Hospital), Philip Alexander, Neerav Aruldas (Lady Willingdon Hospital), Indonesia: Fidelis Jacklyn Adella, Anthonius Santoso Rulie, Ferdy, Iskandar, Jonny Setiawan (Atma Jaya Hospital), Cicilia Viany Evajelista, Hani, Natalie, Oen Surakarta Hospital), Arlindawati Suyadi (Dr., Rudy, Gunawan, Herlin, Karismaningtyas, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih Mata, Ferry Fitriya Ayu Andika, Afifatun, Hasanah, T Ariani Widiastini, Nurlaila Ayu Purwaningsih, Annisa Dewi Fitriana Mukin, Dina Faizatur Rahmah, Hazmi Dwinanda Nurqistan, Hasbi Maulana Arsyad, Novia Adhitama (Rsd Dr Soebandi), Wifanto Saditya Jeo, Nathania, Sutandi, Audrey, Clarissa, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Matthew, Billy, Andreass, Haloho, Nadya, Johanna, Felix Lee (Rsupn Cipto Mangunkusumo), Ireland: Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin Dorani, Martha, Glynn, Mohammad, Alherz, Wennweoi, Goh, Shiwani, Haaris A., Lorraine, Sproule, Conlon (Tallaght Hospital, Kevin C., Trinity College Dublin) Israel: Miklosh Bala, Asaf Kedar (Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center), Italy: Luca Turati, Federica, Bianco, Francesca Steccanella (Treviglio Hospital), Gaetano, Gallo, Mario, Trompetto, Giuseppe Clerico (Department of Colorectal Surgery, Rita Clinic, S., Vercelli), Matteo, Papandrea, Giuseppe, Sammarco, Rosario Sacco (Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario Mater Domini Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro), Luisa Giavarini (Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Luigi, Bucci, Gianluca, Pagano, Viviana, Sollazzo, Roberto, Peltrini, Gaetano Luglio (Federico II University Of Naples), Arianna, Birindelli, Gregorio Tugnoli (Maggiore Hospital), Pietro, Mingrone, Domenica Pata (Nicola Giannettasio Hospital, Rossano), Francesco, Selvaggi, Lucio, Selvaggi, Gianluca, Pellino, Natale Di Martino (Universitá della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples), Gianluca, Curletti, Paolo, Aonzo, Raffaele Galleano (Ospedale Santa Corona, Pietra Ligure (SV)), Stefano, Berti, Elisa, Francone, Andrea Hospital, Silvia Boni (S., Poll-Asl, 5, Spezia), La, Lorenzon, Laura, Annalisa lo Conte, Genoveffa Balducci (Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome), Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti (Azienda Ospedaliera Alessandro Manzoni), Laura, Gavagna, Giorgio, Vasquez, Simone, Targa, Savino, Occhionorelli, Dario Andreotti (Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Ferrara), Andrea, Armellini, Spedali Civili Di Brescia), Deborah Chiesa (A. O., Fabrizio, Aquilino, Nicola, Chetta, Arcangelo Picciariello (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico Di Bari), Mohamed, Abdelkhalek, Andrea, Belli, Silvia De Franciscis (Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione, Pascale-, I. R. C. C. S. )., Annamaria, Bigaran, Alessandro, Favero, 5 Friuli Occidentale), Stefano M. M Basso (Azienda Per L'assistenza Sanitaria N., Paola, Salusso, Martina, Perino, Sylvie, Mochet, Diego, Sasia, Francesco, Riente, Marco Migliore (Azienda Sanitaria Ospedaliera San Luigi Gonzaga), David, Merlini, Silvia, Basilicò, Carlo Corbellini (Ospedale Di Rho, - ASST Rhodense), Veronica, Lazzari, Luigi Bonavina (IRCCS Policlinico, University of Milano, San, Donato), Daniele, Angelieri, Diego, Coletta, Federica, Falaschi, Marco, Catani, Claudia, Reali, Mariastella, Malavenda, Celeste Del Basso, Sergio, Ribaldi, Massimo, Coletti, Andrea, Natili, Norma, Depalma, Immacolata, Iannone, Angelo, Antoniozzi, Davide Rossi (Policlinico Umberto, I Emergency Surgery Department), Daniele, Gui, Gerardo, Perrotta, Matteo, Ripa, Francesco Ruben Giardino, Maurizio Foco (Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli), Erika, Vicario, Gabriela Elisa Nita (AO Papa Giovanni XXIII), Nicoletta, Leone, Anna Maffioli (Ospedale Sacco), Andrea, Simioni, Davide De Boni, Sandro Pasquali (IOV, - Istituto Oncologico Veneto), Elena, Goldin, Elena, Vendramin, Eleonora Ciccioli (Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova), Umberto, Tedeschi, Paola, Violi, Tommaso, Campagnaro, Simone, Conci, Giovanni, Lazzari, Calogero, Iacono, Alfredo, Gulielmi, Serena Manfreda (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona), Anna, Rinaldi, Maria Novella Ringressi, Beatrice Brunoni (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi), Giuseppe, Salamone, Mirko, Mangiapane, Paolino De Marco, Antonella La Brocca, Roberta, Tutino, Vania, Silvestri, Leo, Licari, Tommaso, Fontana, Nicolò, Falco, Gianfranco Cocorullo (Policlinico Paolo Giaccone di Palermo), Mostafa, Shalaby, Pierpaolo, Sileri, Claudio Arcudi (Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome) Jordan: Isam Bsisu, Khaled, Aljboor, Lana, Abusalem, Aseel, Alnusairat, Ahmad, Qaissieh, Emad, Al-Dakka, Ali, Ababneh, Oday Halhouli (Jordan University Hospital), Kenya: Taha Yusufali, Hussein Mohammed (Kenyatta National Hospital), Justus, Lando, Robert, Parker, Wairimu Ndegwa (Tenwek Hospital), Lithuania: Mantas Jokubauskas, Jolanta, Gribauskaite, Donatas Venskutonis (Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences), Justas, Kuliavas, Audrius, Dulskas, Samalavicius (Klaipeda University Hospital, Narimantas E., National Cancer Institute), Kristijonas, Jasaitis, Audrius, Parseliunas, Viktorija, Nevieraite, Evelina, Slapelyte, Edvinas, Dainius, Zilvinas, Dambrauskas, Andrejus, Subocius, Linas, Venclauskas, Antanas, Gulbinas, Simona, Kasputyte, Deimante, Mikuckyte, Mindaugas, Kiudelis, Tomas, Jankus, Steponas Petrikenas (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences), Matas, Pažuskis, Zigmantas, Urniežius, Mantas Vilčinskas (Republican Hospital of Kaunas), Vincas Jonas Banaitis, Vytautas, Gaižauskas, Edvard, Grisin, Povilas, Mazrimas, Mantas, Drungilas, Karolis, Lagunavicius, Vytautas, Lipnickas, Dovilè, Majauskyté, Tomas, Abaliksta, Laimonas, Uščinas, Gintaras, Simutis, Adomas, Ladukas, Donatas, Danys, Erikas, Laugzemys, Elena Zdanyte Sruogiene (Vilnius University Hospital), Petras, Višinskas, Reda, Žilinskienė, Deividas Dragatas (Hospital Of Jonava), Andrius Burmistrovas, Zygimantas Tverskis (Taurage Hospital), Arturas, Vaicius, Ruta, Mazelyte, Antanas Zadoroznas (Viesoji Istaiga Rokiskio Rajono Ligonine), Nerijus Kaselis, Greta Žiubrytė (Republican Hospital Of Klaipeda), Madagascar: Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence Rahantasoa, Luc Hervé Samison, Fanjandrainy, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra (Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Hospital), Malawi: Cornelius Mukuzunga, Vanessa, Msosa, Chimwemwe, Kwatiwani, Nelson Msiska (Kamuzu Central Hospital), Malaysia: Feng Yih Chai, Siti Mohd Desa Asilah, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah (Hospital Keningau), Pui Xin Chin, Nur Zulaika Riswan (Kajang Hospital), Hoong-Yin, Chong, Nora Abdul Aziz, Keat-Seong, Poh, Chu-Ann, Chai, Sandip Kumar (University Malaya Medical Centre), Mustafa Mohammed Taher, Dayang Nita Abdul Aziz, Reynu Rajan (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre UKMMC), Rokayah, Julaihi, Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Susan Wndy Mathew, Kuet Jun Chung, Milaksh Kumar Nirumal, Goh Ern Tze, R., Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali (Sarawak General Hospital), Yiing Yee Gan, Jesse Ron Swire Ting (Hospital Sibu), Sii, Samuel S. Y., Kean Leong Koay, Yi Koon Tan, Alvin Ee Zhiun Cheah, Chui Yee Wong, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Crystal Yern Nee Chow, Har, Prisca A. L., Yishan Der (Hospital Sultanah Aminah), Yong Yong Tew, Fitjerald, Henry, Xinwei Low (Selayang Hospital), Ya Theng Neo, Hian Ee Heng, Shu Ning Kong, Cheewei, Gan, Yi Ting Mok, Yee Wen Tan, Kandasami, Palayan, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Yih Jeng Cheong (Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar), Kuhaendran, Gunaseelan, Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Pigeneswaren Yoganathan (Hospital Keningau), Eu Xian Lee, Jian Er Saw, Li Jing Yeang, Pei Ying Koh, Shyang Yee Lim, Shuang Yi Teo (Hospital Pulau Pinang, / Penang Medical College), Malta: Nicole Grech, Daniela, Magri, Kristina, Cassar, Christine, Mizzi, Malcolm, Falzon, Nihaal, Shaikh, Ruth, Scicluna, Stefan, Zammit, Sean, Mizzi, Svetlana Doris Brincat, Thelma, Tembo, Vu Thanh Hien Le, Tara, Grima, Keith, Sammut, Kurt, Carabott, Ciskje, Zarb, Andre, Navarro, Thea, Dimech, Georgette Marie Camilleri, Isaac, Bertuello, Jeffrey, Dalli, Karl Bonavia (Mater Dei Hospital), Mexico: Samantha Corro-Diaz, Marisol, Manriquez-Reyes, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina (Hospital Español de Veracruz), Morocco: Amina Abdelhamid, Abdelmalek, Hrora, Sarah, Benammi, Houda, Bachri, Meryem, Abbouch, Khaoula, Boukhal, Redouane Mammar Bennai, Abdelkader, Belkouchi, Mohamed Sobhi Jabal, Chaymae Benyaiche (IBN Sina Hospital) Netherlands: Maarten Vermaas, Lucia Duinhouwer (Ijsselland Hospital) Nicaragua: Javier Pastora, Greta, Wood, Maria Soledad Merlo (Hospital Escuela Oscar Danilo Rosales Arguello), Nigeria: Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji, Ayandipo, Taiwo, Lawal, Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq (University College Hospital, Ibadan), Muslimat, Alada, Abdulrasheed, Nasir, James, Adeniran, Olufemi, Habeeb, Ademola Adeyeye (University Of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin), Ademola, Adebanjo, Adewale Adeniyi (Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, ), Henry, Mendel, Bashir, Bello, Umar Muktar (Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital), Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Oyindamola, Oshati, George, Ihediwa, Babajide, Adenekan, Victor, Nwinee, Abdulrazzaq, Lawal, Chris, Bode, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi (Lagos University Teaching Hospital), Oluwatomi, Odutola, Oluwaseyi, Adebola, Clement, Onuoha, Fatai, Balogun, Olalekan, Ajai, Iloba, Njokanma, Roland Osuoji (Lagos State University Teaching Hospital), Stephen, Kache, Jonathan, Ajah, Jerry Makama (Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University, Kaduna), Ahmed, Adamu, Suleiman, Baba, Mohammad, Aliyu, Shamsudeen, Aliyu, Yahaya, Ukwenya, Halima, Aliyu, Tunde, Sholadoye, Muhammad, Daniyan, Oluseyi Ogunsua (Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria), Abdurrahaman, Sheshe, Aminu Mohammad (Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital), Samson, Olori, Philip, Mshelbwala, Garba, Samson, Oyediran Kehinde Timothy, Sani Ali Samuel (University Of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Anthony, Ajiboye, Isaac, Amole, Olajide, Abiola, Akin Olaolorun (Bowen University Teaching Hospital), Norway: Kjetil Søreide, Torhild, Veen, Arezo, Kanani, Kristian, Styles, Ragnar, Herikstad, Johannes Wiik Larsen, Jon Arne Søreide (Stavanger University Hospital), Elisabeth, Jensen, Mads, Gran, Eirik Kjus Aahlin (University Hospital Of Northern Norway), Tina, Gaarder, Peter Wiel Monrad-Hansen, Pål Aksel Næss (Oslo University Hospital), Giedrius, Lauzikas, Joachim, Wiborg, Silje Holte (Sykehuset Telemark HF), Knut Magne Augestad, Gurpreet Singh Banipal, Thomas Tetens Moe, Johannes Kurt Schultz (Akershus University Hospital), Palestine: Taher Al-taher, Ayah, Hamdan, Ayman, Salman, Rana, Saadeh, Aseel, Musleh, Dana, Jaradat, Soha, Abushamleh, Sakhaa, Hanoun, Amjad Abu Qumbos, Aseel, Hamarshi, Ayman And Taher (Al Makassed Islamic Charitable Society Hospital, Jerusalem), Israa, Qawasmi, Khalid, Qurie, Marwa, Altarayra, Mohammad, Ghannam, Alaa, Shaheen, Azher Herebat (Alia Governmental Hospital), Aram, Abdelhaq, Ahmad, Shalabi, Maram, Abu-toyour, Fatema, Asi, Ala, Shamasneh, Anwar, Atiyeh, Mousa, Mustafa, Rula, Zaa'Treh, Majd Dabboor (Palestine Medical Complex), Enas, Alaloul, Heba, Baraka, Jehad, Meqbil, Alaa, Al-Buhaisi, Mohamedraed, Elshami, Samah, Afana, Sahar, Jaber, Said, Alyacoubi, Yousef Abuowda (Islamic University of Gaza Medical School, European Gaza Hospital &amp, Shifa, Hospital), Tasneem Idress, Eman Abuqwaider (Mizan hospital), Sara, Al-saqqa, Alaa, Bowabsak, Alaa El Jamassi, Doaa, Hasanain, Hadeel, Al-farram, Maram, Salah, Aya, Firwana, Marwa, Hamdan, Israa Awad (Al-Shifa Hospital), Ahmad Ashour, Fayez Elian Al Barrawi (Bit Hanoun Hospital), Ahmed, Al-khatib, Maha, Al-faqawi, Mohamed Fares (Nasser Hospital), Amjad, Elmashala, Mohammad, Adawi, Ihdaa Adawi (Beit Jala Governmental Hospital), Reem, Khreishi, Rose Khreishi (Martyr Thabet Govermental hospital, Tulkarem), Ahmad, Ashour, Ahed Ghaben (Indonesian Hospital, Gaza) Pakistan: Najwa Nadeem, Muhammad Saqlain (Allied Hospital, Faisalabad), Jibran, Abbasy, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Tanzeela, Gala, Noman Shahzad (Aga Khan University), Kamran Faisal Bhopal, Muhammad Talha Butt, Syed Asaat ul Razi, Asdaq, Ahmed, Ali Khan Niazi (Bahawal Victoria Hospital), Ibrahim, Raza, Fatima, Baluch, Ahmed, Raza, Ahmad, Bani-Sadar, Muhammad, Adil, Awais Raza (King Edward Medical University, Mayo, Hospital, Lahore), Mahnoor, Javaid, Muhammad, Waqar, Maryam Ali Khan (CMH Lahore Medical And Dental College), Mohammad Mohsin Arshad, Mohammadasim Amjad (Nishtar Medical College And Hospital), Paraguay: Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Jorge Torres Cardozo, Marcelo O´Higgins Roche, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen Servin, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Larissa Ines Páez Lopez, Ramón Augusto Melo Cardozo (Hospital de Clínicas, II Cátedra de Clínica Quirúrgica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción) Peru: Fernando Espinoza, Angel David Pérez Rojas, Diana, Sanchez, Camila Sanchez Samaniego, Shalon Guevara Torres, Alexander Canta Calua, Cesar, Razuri, Nadia, Ortiz, Xianelle, Rodriguez, Nahilia, Carrasco, Fridiz, Saravia, Hector Shibao Miyasato, María, Valcarcel-Saldaña, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos Bermúdez, Juan, Carpio, Walter Ruiz Panez, Pedro Angel Toribio Orbegozo (Hospital Nacional Arzopispo Loayza), Carolina Guzmán Dueñas, Kevin Turpo Espinoza, Ana Maria Sandoval Barrantes, Jorge Armando Chungui Bravo, Lorena, Fuentes-Rivera, Carmen, Fernández, Bárbara, Málaga, Joselyn Ye (Hospital Cayetano Heredia), Ricardo Velasquez, Jannin Salcedo (Clínica De Especialidades Médicas), Ana Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Angelica Genoveva Vergara Mejia, Maria Soledad Gonzales Montejo (Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen), Marilia Del Carmen Escalante Salas, Willy Alcca Ticona, Marvin, Vargas, George Christian Manrique Sila, Robinson, Mas, Arazzelly del Pilar Paucar (Hospital Regional De Ayacucho), Armando José Román Velásquez, Alina, Robledo-Rabanal, Ludwing Alexander Zeta Solis (Hospital III José Cayetano Heredia), Kenny Turpo Espinoza (Hospital Nacional Maria Auxiliadora), José Luis Hamasaki Hamaguchi, Erick Samuel Florez Farfan, Linda Alvi Madrid Barrientos, Juan Jaime Herrera Matta (Hospital De Policia), Mora, Philippines: John Jemuel V., Redota, Menold Archee P., Manuel Francisco Roxas, Maño (The Medical City), Maria Jesusa B., Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Christel Leanne Almanon (Department Of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University Of The Philippines Manila), Poland: Maciej Walędziak, Rafał, Roszkowski, Michał Janik (Department Of General, Oncological, Metabolic And Thoracic Surgery, Military Institute Of Medicine, Warsaw), Anna, Lasek, Piotr, Major, Dorota, Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz (2nd Department Of Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College), Portugal: Cristina Fernandes, Renato Melo (Centro Hospitalar De São João), Romania: Liviu Muntean, Aurel Sandu Mironescu, Lucian Corneliu Vida (Spitalul Clinic De Copii Brasov), Amar Kourdouli, Mariuca Popa (Spital Judetean De Urgenta Din Craiova), Hogea Mircea (Spitalul Clinic Judetean Brasov), Mihaela, Vartic, Bogdan, Diaconescu, Matei Razvan Bratu, Ionut, Negoi, Cezar Ciubotaru (Emergency Hospital of Bucharest), Allen Ingabire, Rwanda: J. C., Norbert Uzabumwana (University Teaching Hospital Of Kigali), Dieudonne Duhoranenayo (Kibungo Hospital), San Marino: Elio Jovine, Nicola, Zanini, Giovanni Landolfo (San Marino State Hospital), Saudi Arabia: Murad Aljiffry, Faisal, Idris, Alghamdi, Mohammed Saleh A., Ashraf, Maghrabi, Aroub, Alkaaki, Sondos Turkustani (Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah) Eyad Khalifah, Adel, Albiety, Sarah, Sahel, Reham, Alshareef, Mohammed Najjar (Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital and Oncology Center, Jeddah) Ahmed Alzahrani, Ahmed, Alghamdi, Wedyan Alhazmi (King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah) Ghiath Al Saied, Mohammed, Alamoudi, Muhammed Masood Riaz (King Fahad Medical City, Mazen, Hassanain, Basmah, Alhassan, Abdullah, Altamimi, Reem, Alyahya, Norah Al Subaie, Fatema Al Bastawis, Roaa Khan (King Khaled University Hospital), Serbia: Milan Radojkovic, Ljiljana, Jeremic, Milica Nestorovic (Clinic For General Surgery, Clinical Center Nis), Singapore: Jia Hao Law, Keith Say Kwang Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat Tan, Joel Kin Tan, Lau Wen Liang Joel, Bettina, Lieske, Xue Wei Chan, Faith Qi Hui Leong, Choon Seng Chong, Sharon, Koh, Kai Yin Lee, Kuok Chung Lee (National University Hospital) South Africa: Kent Pluke, Britta, Dedekind, Puyearashid, Nashidengo, Mark Ian Hampton (Victoria Hospital Wynberg), Johanna, Joosten, Sanju, Sobnach, Liana, Roodt, Anthony, Sander, James, Pape, Richard Spence (Groote Schuur), Niveshni Maistry (Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital), Phumudzo, Ndwambi, Kamau, Kinandu, Myint Tun (Leratong Hospital), Frederick Du Toit, Quinn, Ellison, Sule, Burger, Grobler, Dc, Lawrence Bongani Khulu (Tembisa Tertiary Provincial Hospital), Rachel, Moore, Vicky, Jennings, Astrid Leusink (Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital), Nazmie, Kariem, Juan, Gouws, Kathryn, Chu, Heather, Bougard, Fazlin, Noor, Angela Dell (New Somerset Hospital), Stephanie Van Straten (Helen Joseph Hospital, University Of Witwatersrand), Arvin, Khamajeet, Serge Kapenda Tshisola, Kalangu Kabongo (Stanger Hospital), Yoshan, Moodley, Frank, Anderson, Thandinkosi Madiba (Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital), Flip du Plooy (Mediclinic Potchefstroom), Leila, Hartford, Gareth, Chilton, Parveen Karjiker (Mitchell's Plain District Hospital), Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu (Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital), Maria Badicel, Robert Jaich (Milpark Hospital) Spain: Jaime Ruiz-Tovar (University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos), Luis, Garcia-Florez, Otero-Díez, Jorge L., Virginia Ramos Pérez, Nuria Aguado Suárez (Hospital Universitario San Agustín), Javier Minguez García, Sara Corral Moreno, Maria Vicenta Collado, Virginia Jiménez Carneros, Javier García Septiem (Hospital Universitario de Getafe), Mariana, Gonzalez, Antonio, Picardo, Enrique, Esteban, Esther, Ferrero, Irene Ortega (Infanta Sofía University Hospital), Eloy, Espin-Basany, Ruth, Blanco-Colino, Valeria Andriola (Hospital Valle De Hebron), Elisa, Contreras, Carmen García Bernardo, Sandra, Sanz, Alberto Miyar de León, Asnel, Dorismé, Joseluis, Rodicio, Aida, Suarez, Jessica, Stuva, Tamara Diaz Vico (Central University Hospital Of Asturias), Laura, Fernandez-Vega, Carla, Soldevila-Verdeguer, Fatima, Sena-Ruiz, Natalia, Pujol-Cano, Paula, Diaz-Jover, José Maria Garcia-Perez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Cristina, Pineño-Flores, David, Ambrona-Zafra, Andrea, Craus-Miguel, Patricia, Jimenez-Morillas, Angela Mazzella (Hospital Universitario Son Espases), B Jayathilake, Sri Lanka: A., Thalgaspitiya, S. P. B., Wijayarathna, L. S., Wimalge (University Surgical Unit, P. M. S. N., Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura), Kitts And Nevis: Hakeem Ayomi Sanni, St., Aliyu, Ndajiwo, Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie (Joseph, N France Hospital) Sudan: Anmar Homeida, Abobaker, Younis, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Mustafa, Abdulaziz, Ali, Mussad, Ali Adam (University of Gezira), Sweden: Yucel Cengiz, Ida, Björklund, Sandra Ahlqvist (Sundsvall Hospital), Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen (Ersta Hospital), Arestis Sokratous, Michaela Breistrand (Mora Hospital), Hildur Thorarinsdottir (Helsingborgs Lasarett), Johanna, Sigurdadottir, Maziar, Nikberg, Abbas Chabok (Västmanlands Hospital Västerås), Maria Hjertberg (Department Of Surgery And Department Of Clinical And Experimental Medicine, Linköping, University, Norrköping, Sweden), Peter, Elbe, Deborah, Saraste, Wiktor, Rutkowski, Louise Forlin (Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Solna), Karoliina, Niska, Malin Sund (Umea University Hospital) Switzerland: Dennis Oswald, Georgios, Peros, Rafael, Bluelle, Katharina, Reinisch, Daniel, Frey, Adrian Palma (Gzo Spital Wetzikon), Lucius, Zumbühl, Markus Zuber (Kantonsspital Olten), Roger Schmid, Gabriela Werder (Buergerspital Solothurn), Antonio, Nocito, Silke Mahanty (Kantonsspital Baden), Lukas Werner Widmer, Julia, Müller, Alissa Gübeli (Hospital Davos), Grzegorz Zuk (Gzo Spital Wetzikon), Turkey: Osman Bilgin Gulcicek, Yuksel, Altinel, Talar Vartanoglu (Bagcilar Research And Training Hospital), Emin, Kose, Servet Rustu Karahan, Mehmet Can Aydin (Okmeydanı Training And Research Hospital), Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Ilkay, Halicioglu, Sadi Konuk Training And Research Hospital), Halil Alis (Bakirkoy Dr., Ipek, Sapci, Can, Adıyaman, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ilkan, Tansoker, Vedatcan, Işler, Muazzez, Cevik, Deniz, Mutlu, Volkan, Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Sefa, Bayram, Sinem, Yolcu, Berna Buse Kobal, Ömer Faruk Toto, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu (Acibadem University School of Medicine, Atakent, Hospital), Kagan, Karabulut, Vahit, Mutlu, Bahar Busra Ozkan (Ondokuz Mayis University Medical Faculty), Saban, Celik, Anil, Semiz, Selim, Bodur, Enisburak, Gül, Busra, Murutoglu, Reyyan, Yildirim, Bahadir Emre Baki, Ekin, Arslan, Mehmet, Ulusahin, Ali Guner (Karadeniz Technical University Faculty Of Medicine), United Kingdom: Nathan Walker, Nikhita, Shrimanker, Simon Cole (Royal United Hospital Bath), Ryan Breslin, Ravi Srinivasan (Blackpool Victoria Hospital), Kristina, Hunter, Ahmed Al-Bahrani (Watford General Hospital), Nora Grace Mairs, Alistair, Rocke, Lachlan, Dick, Mobeen Qureshi (Inverclyde Royal Hospital), Debkumar Chowdhury (University Hospital Ayr), Naomi, Wright, Clare, Skerritt, Thomas' Hospitals), Dorothy Kufeji (Guy's And St., Adrienne, Ho, Tharindra, Dissanayake, Athula, Tennakoon, Wadah Ali (Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust), Charlene, Tan, Catrin Jones (Victoria Hospital Kirkcaldy), Stephen, Knight, Dima, Nassif, Abhishek Sharma (Perth Royal Infirmary), Oliver, Warren, Rebecca, White, Aia, Mehdi, Nathan, Post, Eliana, Kalakouti, Enkhbat, Dashnyam, Frederick Stourton (Chelsea And Westminster Hospital), Ioannis Mykoniatis, Chelise Currow (Northampton General Hospital), Francisca, Wong, Ashish, Gupta, Veeranna Shatkar (Queen's Hospital, BHR University Hospitals NHS Trust), Suraj, Kadiwar, Alexander Smedley (North Middlesex University Hospital), Rebecca, Wakefield, Philip, Herrod, James, Blackwell, Jonathan Lund (Royal Derby Hospital), Fraser, Cohen, Ashwath, Bandi, Stefano Giuliani (St George's Hospital), Giles, Bond-Smith, Neda, Farhangmehr, Miklos Perenyei (John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford), Philip, Ireland, Kirk, Bowling, David Bunting (Gloucestershire Royal Hospital), Lydia, Longstaff, Kenneth Keogh (Royal Devon &amp, Exeter, Hospital), Hyunjin, Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun, Khosla, Anna, Jeffery, James Perera (Maidstone &amp, Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust), Ella Teasdale (Western Isles Hospital), Tariq, Alhammali, Yahya Salama (Kettering General Hospital NHS Trust), Rakan Kabariti, Shaun Oram (Nevill Hall Hospital), Thomas, Kidd, Fraser, Cullen, Christopher, Owen, Michael, Wilson, Seehui, Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic (Ninewells Hospital), Jennifer, Ploski, Elizabeth, Evans, Athar, Abbas, Sylvia, Kamya, Norzawani, Ishak, Carly, Bisset, Cedar, Andress, Ye Ru Chin (Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley), Priya, Patel, David Evans (University Hospital, Wales), Anna Jeffery, James Perera (Maistone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust), Aidan, Haslegrave, Adam, Boggon, Kirsten, Laurie, Thomas Mann (Borders General Hospital), Anahita, Mansuri, Rachel, Davies, Ewen Griffiths (University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust), Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin, Eng, Farhat, Din, Ariadne, L'Heveder, Park, Esther H. G., Ramanish, Ravishankar, Kirsten, Mcintosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke, Chan, Susan McGarvie (Western General Hospital, Edinburgh), Lingshan, Tang, Hui, Lim, Suhhuey, Yap, Jay, Park, Zhan Herr Ng, Shahrukh, Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke, Walls, Chloe, Roy, Simon, Paterson-Brown, Julian, Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth, Mclean, Michelle, S D'Souza, Savva, Pronin, David Ewart Henshall, Eunice Zuling Ter (Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Dina Fouad, Ashish Minocha (Norfolk And Norwich University Hospital), William, English, Catrin, Morgan, Dominic, Townsend, Laura, Maciejec, Shareef, Mahdi, Onyinye, Akpenyi, Elisabeth, Hall, Hanaan, Caydiid, Zakaria, Rob, Tom, Abbott, Hew, D Torrance (The Royal London Hospital), Gareth Irwin, Robin Johnston (Ulster Hospital Dundonald), Mohammed Akil Gani, Gianpiero Gravante (Leicester Royal Infirmary), Shivanchan, Rajmohan, Kiran, Majid, Christopher Smith (West Middlesex University Hospital), Madanmohan, Palliyil, Sanjay, Patel, Luke, Nicholson, Neil, Harvey, Katie, Baillie, Sam, Shillito, Suzanne, Kershaw, Rebecca, Bamford, Peter Orton (Stockport NHS Foundation Trust), Elke, Reunis, Wai Cheong Soon (Good Hope Hospital), Jama, Guled M., Dharminder, Dhillon, Khyati Patel (Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall), Shayanthan, Nanthakumaran, Rachel, Heard, Kar Yan Chen (Aberdeen Royal Infirmary), Behrad, Barmayehvar, Uttaran, Datta, Sivesh, K Kamarajah, Sharad Karandikar (Heartlands Hospital), Sobhana Iftekhar Tani (Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust), Philippa, Donnelly, Michael Walker (Raigmore Hospital), Jehangirshaw, Parakh, Sarah, Blacker, Anil Kaul (Whiston Hospital), Arjun Paramasivan (Darlington Memorial Hospital), Sameh, Farag, Ashrafun, Nessa, Salwa Awadallah (Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex Hospital NHS Foundation Trust), Jieqi, Lim, James Chean Khun Ng (Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow), United States: Katherine Gash, Kiran, Ravi P., Alice Murray (New York Presbyterian Hospital, / Columbia University Medical Center), Mohini, Dasari, Juan Puyana (University Of Pittsburgh Medical Center, - Presbyterian), Nadeem, Haddad, Martin, Zielinski, Asad Choudhry (Mayo Clinic), Celeste, Caliman, Mieshia, Beamon, Therese Duane (John Peter Smith Hospital), Ragavan Narayanan, Mamta Swaroop (Northwestern Memorial Hospital / Northwestern University), Jonathan, Myers, Rebecca, Deal, Erik Schadde (Rush University Medical Centre), Mark, Hemmila, Kathleen To (University Of Michigan Medical Center) Zambia: Alex Makupe, Joseph, Musowoya, Mayaba Maimbo (Ndola Central Hospital), Niels Van Der Naald, Dayson, Kumwenda, Alex, Reece-Smith, Kars, Otten, Anna, Verbeek, Marloes Prins (St Francis Mission Hospital) Data validators (GlobalSurg-2) Argentina: Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez (Simplemente Evita), Ruben Balmaceda (Hospital Lagomaggiore), Barbados: Chelsea Deane (Queen Elizabeth Hospital), Croatia: Emilio Dijan (Zadar General Hospital), Egypt: Mahmoud Elfiky (Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University), Finland: Laura Koskenvuo (Helsinki University Hospital), France: Aurore Thollot (CHU Poitiers), Bernard Limoges (CHU Limoges), Carmen Capito (Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, Challine Alexandre (Hopital Cochin, Henri Kotobi (Trousseau Hospital, Julien Leroux (CHU Rouen), Kalitha Pinnagoda (CHU Toulouse), Nicolas Henric (CHU Angers), Olivier Azzis (CHU Rennes), Olivier Rosello (CHU Nice), Poddevin Francois (GHICL), Sara Etienne (CHU Saint Etienne), Philippe Buisson (CHU Amiens Picardie), Sophian Hmila (Hopital Robert Ballanger, Ghana: Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey (Korle Bu Teaching Hospital), Osman Imoro (Baptist Medical Centre), Owusu Emmanuel Abem (Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital), Paul Wondoh (Upper West Regional Hospital), Greece: Dimitrios Papageorgiou (Naval And Veterans Hospital Of Athens), Vasiliki Soulou (Anticancer Hospital Of Athens Agios Savvas), Guatemala: Sabrina Asturias (Hospital Herrera Llerandi Amedesgua), Lenin Peña (Hospital General San Juan De Dios), India: Basant Kumar (Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute Of Medical College Lucknow), Ireland: Donal B O’Connor (Tallaght Hospital, Trinity College Dublin), Italy: Alberto Realis Luc (Santa Rita Clinic, Alfio Alessandro Russo (Treviglio Hospital), Andrea Ruzzenente (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona), Antonio Taddei (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi), Camilla Cona (IOV, - Istituto Oncologico Veneto), Corrado Bottini (Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Giovanni Pascale (Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara), Giuseppe Rotunno (Nicola Giannettasio Hospital, Leonardo Solaini (University Of Brescia, Spedali Civili Di Brescia, ), Marco Maria Pascale (Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli', ), Margherita Notarnicola (University Of Bari 'Aldo Moro'), Mario Corbellino (Ospedale Luigi Sacco Milano), Michele Sacco (Federico II University of Naples), 5 'Friuli Occidentale', Paolo Ubiali (Azienda per L'Assistenza Sanitaria N., Pordenone), Roberto Cautiero (Second University Of Naples), Tommaso Bocchetti (Sant’Andrea Hospital, Andrea Hospital, Elena Muzio (S., Vania Guglielmo (Policlinico Umberto I, Emergency Surgery Department), Eugenio Morandi (Ospedale di Rho, – ASST Rhodense), Patrizio Mao (San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano), Emilia De Luca (Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Jordan: Farah Mahmoud Ali (Jordan University Hospital), Margherita Notarnicola (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico Di Bari)., Lithuania: Justas Žilinskas (Klaipeda Republic), Kestutis Strupas (Vilnius University Hospital), Paulius Kondrotas (Taurage County Hospital), Robertas Baltrunas (Rokiskis District Municipality Hospital), Juozas Kutkevicius (Department Of General Surgery, Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences), Povilas Ignatavicius (Hospital Of Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics), Malaysia: Choy Ling Tan (Hospital Sultanah Aminah), Jia Yng Siaw (Hospital Sibu), Sir Young Yam (Penang Medical College), Ling Wilson (Sarawak General Hospital), Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz (University Malaya Medical Centre), Malta: John Bondin (Mater Dei Hospital), Mexico: Carmina Diaz Zorrilla (Hospital Espanol De Veracruz), Morocco: Anass Majbar (Centre Hospitalier Ibn Sina Rabat), Nigeria: Danjuma Sale (Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital), Lawal Abdullahi (Aminu KanoTeaching Hospital), Olabisi Osagie (University Of Abuja Teaching Hospital), Omolara Faboya (Lagos State Teaching Hospital), Adedeji Fatuga (Lagos University Teaching Hospital), Agboola Taiwo (Babcock University Teaching Hospital), Emeka Nwabuoku (Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital), Norway: Marte Bliksøen (Oslo University Hospital), Pakistan: Zain Ali Khan (Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur), Paraguay: Jazmin Coronel (Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción) Peru: Cesar Miranda (Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia), Idelso Vasquez (Lima Almenara), Helguero-Santin (Hospital Regional III Jose Cayetano Heredia – Piura), Luis M., Rwanda: Jennifer Rickard (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Kigali), Romania: Aurel Mironescu (Spitalul Clinic De Copii Brasov), Saint Kitts and Nevis: Adesina Adedeji (Joseph, N France Hospital), Saudi Arabia: Saleh Alqahtani (King Fahad General Hospital), South Africa: Max Rath (Groote Schuur Hospital), Michael Van Niekerk (New Somerset Hospital), Modise Zacharia Koto (Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital), Roel Matos-Puig (Stanger Hospital), Sweden: Leif Israelsson (Sundsvall), Switzerland: Tobias Schuetz (Kantonsspital Olten), Turkey: Mahmut Arif Yuksek (Ondokuz Mayis University), Meric Mericliler (Acibadem University School of Medicine, Mehmet Uluşahin (Karadeniz Technical University Farabi Hospital), United Kingdom: Bernhard Wolf (Raigmore Hospital Inverness), Cameron Fairfield (Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh), Guo Liang Yong (Perth Royal Infirmary), Katharine Whitehurst (Royal Devon And Exeter), Michael Wilson (Ninewells Hospital And Medical School), Natalie Redgrave (John Radcliffe Hospital, Caroluce, K Musyoka (Royal Alexandra Hospital), James Olivier (Royal United Hospital Bath), Kathryn Lee (Queen Elizabeth Birmingham), Michael Cox (Royal Derby Hospital), Muhamed M, H Farhan-Alanie (Inverclyde Royal Hospital), Rory Callan (North Middlesex University Hospital) Zambia: Chali Chibuye (Ndola Central Hospital) Protocol translators (GlobalSurg-2) Arabic, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine, Rekhis, Muna, Rommaneh, Oday, Halhouli, Chinese, Zi Hao Sam, Jacky Hong Chieh Chen, French, Dylan, Roi, Greek, Vasileios Kalles, Italian, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Portuguese, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel, Pardo, Spanish, Ruth, Blanco, Eugenio Grasset, Escobar., Gallo, Gaetano, Adisa, A. O., Costas-Chavarri, A., Allen-Ingabire, J. C., Lilford, R. J., Harrison, E. M., Pinkney, T. D., Verjee, A., Runigamugabo, E., Altamini, A., Borda-Luque, G., Cornick, J., Fitzgerald, J. E., Kirby, A., Mihaljevic, A. L., Morton, D., Ntirenganya, F., Ots, R., Shaw, C. A., Khatri, C., Gobin, N., Freitas, A. V., Hall, N., Kim, S. -H., Negida, A., Jaffry, Z., Chapman, S. J., Arnaud, A. P., Tabiri, S., Recinos, G., Manipal, C. E., Mohan, M., Amandito, R., Shawki, M., Hanrahan, M., Zilinskas, J., Roslani, A. C., Goh, C. C., Ademuyiwa, A. O., Irwin, G., Shu, S., Luque, L., Shiwani, H., Altamimi, A., Alsaggaf, M. U., Spence, R., Rayne, S., Jeyakumar, J., Raptis, D. A., Glasbey, J. C., Modolo, M. M., Iyer, D., King, S., Arthur, T., Nahar, S. N., Waterman, A., Walsh, M., Agarwal, A., Zani, A., Firdouse, M., Rouse, T., Liu, Q., Correa, J. C., Salem, H. K., Talving, P., Worku, M., Kalles, V., Kumar, B., Kumar, S., Quek, R., Pata, F., Ansaloni, L., Altibi, A., Venskutonis, D., Poskus, T., Whitaker, J., Msosa, V., Tew, Y. Y., Farrugia, A., Borg, E., Ramos-De La Medina, A., Bentounsi, Z., Soreide, K., Gala, T., Al-Slaibi, I., Tahboub, H., Alser, O. H., Romani, D., Major, P., Mironescu, A., Bratu, M. R., Kourdouli, A., Ndajiwo, A., Altwijri, A., Gudal, A., Jubran, A. F., Seisay, S., Lieske, B., Ortega, I., Senanayake, K. J., Abdulbagi, O., Altinel, Y., Kong, C., Teasdale, E., Stoddart, M., Kabariti, R., Suresh, S., Gash, K., Narayanan, R., Maimbo, M., Fermani, C., Macdermid, E., Chenn, R., Yong, C. O., Edye, M., Jarmin, M., D'Amours, S. K., Youssef, D., Phillips, N., Brown, J., George, R., Koh, C., Warren, O., Hanley, I., Dickfos, M., Nawara, C., Ofner, D., Primavesi, F., Mitul, A. R., Mahmud, K., Hussain, M., Hakim, H., Kumar, T., Oosterkamp, A., Assouto, P. A., Lawani, I., Souaibou, Y. I., Tun, A. K., Chong, C. L., Devadasar, G. H., Qadir, M. R. M., Aung, K. P., Yeo, L. S., Castillo, V. D. P., Munhoz, M. M., Moreira, G., De Castro Segundo, L. C. B., Ferreira, S. A. K., Careta, M. C., Kim, S. B., De Sousa, A. V., Cury, A. D. L., Miguel, G. P. S., De Freitas, A. V. C., Silvestre, B. P., Vianna, J. G. P., Felipe, C. O., Laufer, L. A. V., Altoe, F., Da Silva, L. A., Pimenta, M. L., Giuriato, T. F., Morais, P. A. B., Luiz, J. S., Araujo, R., Menegussi, J., Leal, M., De Lima, C. V. B., Tatagiba, L. S., Leal, A., Dos Santos, D. V., Fraga, G. P., Simoes, R. L., Stock, S., Nigo, S., Kabba, J., Ngwa, T. E., Azzie, G., Kushwaha, S., Bailey, K., Cameron, B., Livingston, M., Horobjowsky, A., Deckelbaum, D. L., Razek, T., Marinkovic, B., Grasset, E., D'Aguzan, N., Jimenez, J., Macchiavello, R., Zhang, Z., Guo, W., Oh, J., Zheng, F., Montes, I., Sierra, S., Mendez, M., Villegas, M. I., Arango, M. C. M., Mendoza, I., Aristizabal, F. A. N., Botero, J. A. M., Riaza, V. M. Q., Restrepo, J., Morales, C., Cruz, H., Munera, A., Karlo, R., Domini, E., Mihanovic, J., Radic, M., Zamarin, K., Pezelj, N., Hache-Marliere, M., Lemaire, S. B., Rivas, R., Khyrallh, A., Hassan, A., Shimy, G., Fahmy, M. A. B., Nabawi, A., Elfil, M., Ghoneem, M., Gohar, M. E. S. A. M., Asal, M., Abdelkader, M., Gomah, M., Rashwan, H., Karkeet, M., Gomaa, A., Hasan, A., Elgebaly, A., Saleh, O., Fattah, A. A., Gouda, A., Elshafay, A. E., Gharib, A., Menshawy, A., Hanafy, M., Al-Mallah, A., Abdulgawad, M., Baheeg, M., Alhendy, M., Fattah, I. A., Kenibar, A., Osman, O., Gemeah, M., Mohammed, A., Adel, A., Sayed, A., Abozaid, M., El-Badri Kotb, A. H., Ata, A. A. A., Nasr, M., Alkammash, A., Saeed, M., El Hamid, N. A., Attia, A. M., El Galeel, A. A., Elbanby, E., El-Dien, K. S., Hantour, U., Alahmady, O., Mansour, B., Elkorashy, A. M., Taha, E. M. S., Lasheen, K. T., Elkolaly, S. S., Abdel-Wahab, N. Y. E., Abozyed, M. A. F., Saeed, A. M., El Sayed, G. S., Youssif, J. H., Ahmed, S. 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Valentine, Martin, Amandine, Arnaud, Alexis Pierre, Muller, Cecile, Bonnard, Arnaud, Peycelon, Matthieu, Abantanga, Franci, Boakye‐Yiadom, Kwaku, Bukari, Mohammed, Owusu, Frank, Awuku‐Asabre, Joseph, Bray, Lemuel Davie, Lytras, Dimitrio, Psarianos, Kyriako, Bamicha, Anastasia, Kefalidi, Eirini, Gemenetzis, Georgio, Dervenis, Christo, Gouvas, Nikolao, Agalianos, Christo, Kontos, Michail, Kouraklis, Gregory, Karousos, Dimitrio, Germanos, Styliano, Marinos, Constantino, Anthoulakis, Christo, Nikoloudis, Nikolao, Mitroudis, Nikolao, Estupinian, Sergio, Forno, Walter, Azmitia, José René Arévalo, Cabrera, Carla Cecilia Ramãrez, Guevara, Romeo, Aguilera, Maria, Mendez, Napoleon, Mendizabal, Cesar Augusto Azmitia, Ramazzini, Pablo, Urquizu, Mario Contrera, Tale, Fernando, Soley, Rafael, Barrios, Emanuel, Barrios, Emmanuel, Rodríguez, Daniel Estuardo Marroquín, Velásquez, Carlos Iván Pérez, Mérida, Sara María Contrera, Regalado, Francisco, Lopez, Mario, Siguantay, Miguel, Lam, Fong Yee, Szeto, Kylie Joan‐yi, Szeto, Charing Cheuk Ling, Li, Wing Sum, Li, Kieran Ka Kei, Leung, Man Fung, Mak, Tony, Ng, Simon, Prasad, SS, Kirishnan, Anand, Gyanchandani, Nidhi, Kumar, Bylapudi Seshu, Rangarajan, Muthukumaran, Bhat, Sriram, Sreedharan, Anjana, Kinnera, S.V., Reddy, Yella, Venugopal, Caranj, Mittal, Abhishek, Nadkarni, Shravan, Lakshmi, Harish Neelamraju, Malik, Puneet, Limaye, Neel, Pai, Sriniva, Jain, Pratik, Khajanchi, Monty, Satoskar, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev, Mahamood, Abid Bin, Sutanto, Eldaa Prisca Refianti, Soeselo, Daniel Ardian, Tedjaatmadja, Chintya, Rahmawati, Fitriana Nur, Mayasari, Maria, Al‐Hasani, Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad, Al‐Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Ibraheem, Hasan Ismael, Al‐Azraqi, Israa Abdullah Aziz, Sabeeh, Lubna, Kamil, Rahma, Telfah, Muwaffaq Mezeil, Rasendran, Amoudtha, Sheehan, Jacqueline, Kerley, Robert, Normile, Caoimhe, Gilbert, Richard William, Song, Jiheon, Dablouk, Mohamed, Mauro, Linnea, Dablouk, Mohammed Osman, Kielty, Paul, Marks, Eleanor, Gosling, Simon, Mccarthy, Michelle, Mirghani, Diya, Naqvi, Syed Altaf, Wong, Chee Siong, Chung, Siyi, D'cruz, Reuban, Cahill, Ronan, Gosling, Simon George, Fahy, Ciara, Cadogan, Diana Duarte, Powell, Anna, Gilbert, Richard, Clifford, Caroline, Driscoll, Aoife, Paul, Stassen, Lee, Chri, Bowe, Ro, Hutch, William, Mohan, Helen, O'neill, Maeve, Mealy, Kenneth, Danelli, Piergiorgio, Bondurri, Andrea, Maffioli, Anna, Pasini, Mario, Pata, Giacomo, Roncali, Stefano, Silvani, Paolo, Carlucci, Michele, Faccincani, Roberto, Bonavina, Luigi, Macchitella, Yuri, Ceriani, Chiara, Tugnoli, Gregorio, Di Saverio, Salomone, Khattab, Khaled, Paludi, Miguel Angel, Pata, Domenica, Cloro, Luigi Maria, Allegri, Andrea, Coccolini, Federico, Veronese, Ezio, Bortolasi, Luca, Hasheminia, Alireza, Nastri, Giacomo, Canto, Massimiliano Dal, Cucumazzo, Stefano, Benevento, Angelo, Tessera, Gaetano, Grandinetti, Pier Paolo, Maniscalco, Alessio, Lamanna, Giovanni Luca, Turati, Luca, Sgroi, Giovanni, Rausa, Emanuele, Villa, Roberta, Monteleone, Michela, Merlini, David, Grassi, Veronica, Cirocchi, Roberto, Cacurri, Alban, Waleed, Hamza, Diab, Ahmed, Elzowawi, Fathi, Jokubauskas, Manta, Varkalys, Karoli, Pranevicius, Roberta, Ambrozeviciute, Viktorija, Juciute, Simona, Skardžiukaitė, Austė, Bradulskis, Sauliu, Urbanavicius, Lina, Austraite, Aiste, Riauka, Romualda, Dambrauskas, Zilvina, Karumnas, Pauliu, Urniezius, Zigmanta, Zilinskiene, Reda, Rudzenskaite, Anele, Usaityte, Ausrine, Montrimaite, Margarita, Kaselis, Neriju, Strazdas, Andriu, Jokubonis, Kristijona, Maceviciute, Kornelija, Beisa, Virgiliju, Strupas, Kestuti, Laugzemys, Erika, Kolosov, Andrej, Jotautas, Valdemara, Rakita, Igna, Mikalauskas, Sauliu, Kazanavicius, Dariu, Rackauskas, Roka, Rakauskas, Ritaura, Preckailaite, Egle, Coomber, Ro, Johnson, Kenneth, Nowers, Jennifer, Periasammy, Dineshwary, Salleh, Afizah, Das, Andre, Tze, Reuben Goh Ern, Kumar, Milaksh Nirumal, Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik, Kosai, Nik Ritza, Taher, Mustafa, Rajan, Reynu, Chong, Hoong Yin, Agius, Marija, Bezzina, Maureen, Bugeja, Roberta, Vella‐Baldacchino, Martinique, Spina, Andrew, Psaila, Josephine, Francois‐Coridon, Helene, Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean‐Francoi, Diaz‐Zorrilla, Carmina, De La Medina, Antonio Ramos‐, Gonzalez, Samantha Corro‐Diaz, Jacobe, Mário, Mapasse, Domingo, Snyder, Elizabeth, Oumer, Ramadan, Osman, Mohammed, Mohammad, Aminu, Anyanwu, Lofty‐John, Sheshe, Abdulrahman, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Ibrahim, Muhammad Habib, Nasir, Abdulrasheed A, Suleiman, Siyaka Itopa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adebanjo, Ademola, Osuoji, Roland, Atobatele, Kazeem, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Williams, Omolara, Oludara, Mobolaji, Oshodi, Olabode, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Lawal, AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga, Alakaloko, Felix, Elebute, Olumide, Osinowo, Adedapo, Bode, Christopher, Adesuyi, Abidemi, Tade, Adesoji, Adekoya, Adeleke, Nwokoro, Collin, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O, Lawal, Taiwo Akeem, Ajao, Akinlabi E, Ali, Samuel Sani, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Olori, Samson, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adeniran, Jame, Lossius, William J., Havemann, Ingemar, Thorsen, Kenneth, Narvestad, Jon Kristian, Soreide, Kjetil, Wold, Trude Beate, Nymo, Linn, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Dar, Manzoor, Bhopal, Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Furqan, Muhammad Mohsin, Nighat, Bakhtiar, Jawaid, Masood, Khalique, Abdul, Zil‐E‐Ali, Ahsan, Rashid, Anam, Dharamshi, Hasnain Abba, Naqvi, Tahira, Faraz, Ahmad, Anwar, Abdul Wahid, Yaseen, Tahir Muhammad, Shamsi, Ghina Shamim, Shamsi, Ghina, Yaseen, Tahir, Anwer, Wahid, Decoud, Horacio Parede, Aguilera, Omar, Alvarez, Ismael Isaac Zelada, Delgado, Juan Marcelo, Vega, Gustavo Miguel Machain, Lohse, Helmut Alfredo Segovia, Aguilar, Wendy Leslie Messa, Chiong, Jose Antonio Cabala, Bautista, Ana Cecilia Manchego, Huaman, Eduardo, Zegarra, Sergio, Camacho, Rony, Celis, Jose María Vergara, Pozo, Diego Alonso Romani, Hamasaki, José, Temoche, Edilberto, Herrera‐Matta, Jaime, Torres, Carla Pierina García, Barreda, Luis Miguel Alvarez, Ojeda, Ronald Renato Barrionuevo, Garaycochea, Octavio, Mollo, Melanie Castro, Delgado, Mitchelle Solange De Fã Tima Linare, Fujii, Francisco, Durand, Susana Yrma Aranzabal, Basto, Carlos Alejandro Arroyo, Rojas, Nelson Manuel Urbina, Yip, Sebastian Bernardo Shu, Vergara, Ana Lucia Contrera, Moran, Andrea Echevarria Rosa, Luque, Giuliano Borda, Castro, Manuel Rodriguez, Jaramillo, Ramon Alvarado, Sila, George Manrique, Lopez, Crislee Elizabeth, De Leon, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze, Machaca, Massiell, Huaraya, Ronald Coasaca, Arenas, Andy, López, Crislee, Puma, Clara Milagros Herrera, Pino, Wilfredo, Hinojosa, Christian, De Leon, Melanie Zapata Ponze, Limache, Susan, Sila, George Manrrique, Rodriguez, Layza‐Alejandra Mercado, Melo, Renato, Costa‐Maia, Jose, Muralha, Nuno, Sauvat, Frederique, Dan, Ionasc, Hogea, Mircea, Eduard, Pandi, Bratu, Razvan‐Matei, Beuran, Mircea, Diaconescu, Ionut‐Bogdan, Martian, Bogdan‐Valeriu, Iordache, Florin‐Mihail, Vartic, Mihaela, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Muntean, Liviu Iuliu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Nsengimana, Vizir Jean Paul, Niragire, Alice, Ingabire, Jean De La Croix Allen, Niyirera, Eugene, Zanini, Nicola, Jovine, Elio, Landolfo, Giovanni, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Ena, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al‐shammari, Abeer, Al‐Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al‐Faifi, Jubran J, Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Kretzmann, Hayden, Connor, Katie, Nel, Daniel, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Sishuba, Nosisa, Tun, Myint, Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale, Carreira, Jo‐Anne, Wagener, Mark, Botes, Stefan, Du Plessis, Danelo, Fernandez‐Bueno, Fernando, Aguilar‐Jimenez, Jose, Garcia‐Marin, Jose Andre, García, Lorena Solar, Florez, Luis Joaquín García, Pacheco, Rubén Darío Aria, Pagnozzi, Janet, Quezada, Jimy Harold Jara, Rodicio, Jose Lui, Minguez, German, Rodríguez‐Uría, Raquel, Ugalde, Paul, Lopez‐Arevalo, Camilo, Barneo, Lui, Stuva, Jessica Patricia Gonzale, Ortega‐Vazquez, Irene, Rodriguez, Lorena, Herrera, Norberto, Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala, Senanayake, Wanigasekara, Senanayake, Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha, Arachchige, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasoori, Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya, Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha, Thanusan, Vimalakanthan, Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid, Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan, Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad, Ali, Hussein, Elabdin, Hagir Zain, Hassan, Alaa, Mahdi, Sefeldin, Ahmed, Hala, Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag, Elsayed, Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Boijsen, Magnu, Lundgren, Per‐Olof, Gustafsson, Ulf, Kiasat, Ali, Wogensen, Fredrik, Jurdell, Emma, Thorell, Ander, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Utter, Maria, Sundstrom, Sami Martin, Wredberg, Cecilia, Kjellin, Ann, Nyberg, Johanna, Frisk, Bjorn, Sund, Malin, Andersson, Linda, Gunnarsson, Ulf, Cengiz, Yücel, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Björklund, Ida, Royson, Hanna, Weber, Per, Pahlsson, Hans‐Ivar, Borin, Eva, Hjertberg, Maria, Schmid, Roger, Schivo, Debora, Despotidis, Vasileio, Breitenstein, Stefan, Staerkle, Ralph F, Schadde, Erik, Deichsel, Fabian, Gerosa, Alexandra, Nocito, Antonio, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Mijuskovic, Barbara, Zuber, Marku, Eisner, Luka, Kruspi, Swantje, Reinisch, Katharina Beate, Schoewe, Christin, Novak, Allan, Palma, Adrian F., Teufelberger, Gerfried, Kimaro, Msafiri, King, Rachel, Balkan, Ali Zeynel Abidin, Gumar, Mehmet, Yavuz, Mehmet Ali, Karabacak, Ufuk, Lap, Gokhan, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Karakahya, Murat, Adams, Ryan, Morton, Robert, Henderson, Liam, Gratton, Ruth, Clement, Keiran David, Chang, Kate Yu‐Ching, Mcnish, David, Mcintosh, Ryan, Milligan, William, Skelly, Brendan, Anderson‐Knight, Hannah, Lawther, Roger, Onimowo, Jemina, Shatkar, Veereanna, Tharmalingam, Shivanee, Woin, Evelina, Fautz, Tessa, Ziff, Oliver, Dindyal, Shiva, Arman, Sam, Talukder, Shagorika, Gadhvi, Vijay, Chew, Luen Shaun, Heath, Jonathan, Blencowe, Natalie, Hallam, Sally, Mannu, Gurdeep Singh, Zachariades, Dimitris‐Christo, Snaith, Ailsa Claire, Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath, Nesaratnam, Arjun, Wheeler, Jame, McCullagh, Darragh, Clements, Joshua Michael, Khan, Ata, Koumpa, Foteini, Neophytou, Christina, Roth, Jessica, Soon, Wai Cheong, Deputy, Mohammed, Ahmed, Ahmed, Ashton, Annelisse, Vincent, Joe, Almy, Jack, Khan, Taufiq, Allen, John Lee Y, Mcintyre, Charlotte Jane, Marshall, Dominic Charle, Sykes, Mark, Behar, Nebil, Jordan, Harriet, Rajjoub, Yaseen, Sherman, Thoma, White, Timothy, Watts, Anna, Ardley, Rohan, Arulampalam, Tan, Shah, Apar, Brown, Damien, Blower, Emma, Sutton, Paul, Gasteratos, Konstantino, Vimalachandran, Dale, Magee, Cathy, Mcguigan, Andrew, Mcaleer, Stephen, Morgan, Clare, Braungart, Sarah, Lafferty, Kirsten, Labib, Peter, Tanase, Andrei, Mangan, Clodagh, Reza, Lillian, Woodward, Helen, Gouldthorpe, Craig, Turner, Megan, Wild, Jonathan R L, Malik, Tom AM, Proctor, Victoria K, Hewage, Kalon, Davies, Jame, Dubois, Andre, Sarwary, Sayed, Zardab, Ali, Grant, Alan, Mcintyre, Robert, Mogan, Yogendra Praveen, Ho, Weiguang, Chong, Bryon Frankie Hon Khi, Tewari, Shirish, Humm, Gemma, Farinella, Eriberto, Hall, Nigel J, Wright, Naomi J, Major, Christina P, Xerri, Thelma, De Bono, Phoebe, Amin, Jasim, Farhad, Mustafa, Camilleri‐Brennan, John F., Robertson, Andrew G N, Swann, Joanna, Richards, 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Pezas, Theodore, Currow, Chelise, Kim, Matthew Young‐Han, Birring, Amerdip, Edwards, Joanne, Ali, Ased, Das, Suparna, Jha, Madan, Atkinson, Kieran, Luck, Joshua, Fozard, Thoma, Puttick, Michael, Salama, Yahya, Shah, Rohi, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Gravante, Gianpiero, El‐Rabaa, Saleem, Nnajiuba, Henry, Allott, Rebecca, Bhargava, Aman, Chan, Zoe, Hassan, Zaffar, Makinde, Misty, Hemingway, David, Dean, Ramzana, Boddy, Alexander, Aber, Ahmed, Patel, Vijay, Parakh, Jehangirshaw, Parthiban, Sunil, Ubhi, Harmony Kaur, Hosein, Simon‐Peter, Ward, Simon, Malik, Kamran, Jennings, Leifa, Newton, Tom, Alkhouri, Mirna, Kang, Min Kyu, Houlden, Christopher, Barry, Jonathan, Raza, Imtanan, Farquharson, Alistair, Bhattacharya, Sanjeet, Chang, Kate, Wilson, Michael S J, Neo, Yan Ning, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Chan, Emily, Peck, Fraser S, Lim, Pei J, North, Alexander S, Blundell, Rebecca, Williamson, Adam, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, Mccarthy, Kathryn, Court, Emma, Chambers, Alice, Yee, Jenna, Tham, Ji Chung, Beaton, Ceri, Walsh, Una, Lockey, Joseph, Bokhari, Salman, Howells, Lara, Griffiths, Megan, Yallop, Laura, Singh, Shailinder, Nasher, Omar, Jackson, Paul, Shariffuddin, Abdul Muiz, Ho, Weng Chee, Wilson, Michael Sj, Pabla, Gurpreet, Ramzi, Saed, Zeidan, Shady, Doughty, Jennifer, Sinha, Sidhartha, Davenport, Ro, Lewis, Jason, Duffy, Leo, Mcaleer, Elizabeth, Williams, Eleanor, Som, Robin, Javed, Omar, Boal, Matthew, Harrison, Nicola, Tafazal, Habib, Brogden, Tom, Griffiths, Ewen, Obute, Rhalumi Daniel, Glover, Thomas E, Clark, David J, Boshnaq, Mohamed, Akhtar, Mansoor, Capleton, Pascale, Doughan, Samer, Rabie, Mohamed, Mohamed, Ismail, Samuel, Duncan, Dickson, Lauren, Kennedy, Matthew, Dempster, Eleanor, Brown, Emma, Maple, Natalie, Monaghan, Eimear, Wolf, Bernhard, Garland, Alicia, Mcphee, Arthur, Anderson, David, Anderson, Robert, Hassan, Sarah, Smith, Dave, Lund, Jonathan, Boereboom, Catherine, Murphy, Jennifer, Tierney, Gillian, Tou, Samson, Zimmermann, Eleanor Franziska, Smart, Neil Jame, Warwick, Andrea Marie, Stasinou, Theodora, Daniels, Ian, Findlay‐Cooper, Kim, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Ray, Swayamjyoti, Varcada, Massimo, D'Souza, Rovan, Omara, Sharif, Spurr, Matthew, Parkinson, Lucienne, Hanks, Anthony, Ma, Jennifer, Abington, Emily, Ramcharn, Meera, Williams, Gethin, Winstanley, Joseph, Kennedy, Ewan D., Yeung, Emily NW, Jones, Catrin, O'neill, Stephen, Lim, Shujing Jane, Liew, Ignatiu, Nair, Hari, Fairfield, Cameron, Oh, Julia, Koh, Samantha, Wilson, Andrew, Fairfield, Catherine, Anandkumar, Delran, Kirupagaran, Ashok, Jones, Timothy F, Torrance, Hew Dt, Fowler, Alexander J, Chandrakumar, Charmilie, Patel, Priyank, Ashraf, Syed Faaz, Lakhani, Sonam M., Mclean, Aaron Lawson, Basson, Sonia, Batt, Jeremy, Bowman, Catriona, Benons, Natasha, Mason, Clare, Harrison, Rebecca, Quayle, John, Barker, Tom, Summerour, Virginia, Harper, Edward, Smith, Caroline, Hampton, Matthew, Pitt, Sophie K, Ward, Alex E, O'Connor, Timothy, Heywood, Emily G, Chowdhury, Abeed, Hossaini, Sina, Watson, Nicholas F, Mckechnie, Doug, Farah, Ayaan, Chun, Anita, Koh, Hoey, Lim, Grace, Sunderland, Graham, Gould, Laura, Munipalle, P C, Rooney, H, Browning, D R L, Pereira, Bernadette, Nemeth, Kristof, Decker, Emily, Giuliani, Stefano, Shalaby, Aly, Shaikh, Shafaque, Tan, Chern Yan, Palkhi, Ebrahim Y A, Szczap, Aleksandra, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chen, Chee Yang, Kulasabanathan, Kavian, Chhabra, Srishti, Kostov, Elisabeth, Harbord, Philippe, Barnacle, Jame, Palliyil, Madan Mohan, Zikry, Mina, Porter, Johnathan, Raslan, Charef, Hafiz, Shazia, Soltani, Niksa, Baillie, Katie, Singh, Priyanka, Sheth, Shailee, Patel, Kishen, Khalili, Mahry, Choi, Jeesoo, Benger, Matthew, Marples, Lucy, Macfarlane, Alastair, Thurairaja, Ramesh, Boyce, Tamsin, Whewell, Harriet, Jones, Elin, Th'ng, Francesca, Robertson, Nichola, Mirza, Ahmad, Saeed, Haroon, Galloway, Simon, Elena, Gia, Afzal, Mohammad, Zakir, Mohamed, Sodde, Peter, Hand, Charle, Sriram, Aiesha, Clark, Tamsyn, Holton, Patrick, Livesey, Amy, Sinha, Yashashwi, Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba, Bharj, Indervir Singh, Rotundo, Adriana, Jenvey, Cara, Slade, Robert, Golding, David, Haines, Samuel, Ne'ma Abdullah, Ali Adel, Tilston, Thomas W, Loughran, Dafydd, Donoghue, Danielle, Giacci, Lorenzo, Sherif, Mohamed Ashur, Harrison, Peter, Tang, Alethea, Kotecha, Deevia, Elshaer, Mohamed, Urbonas, Toma, Riaz, Amjid, Chapman, Annie, Acharya, Parisha, Shalhoub, Joseph, Grossart, Cathleen, McMorran, David, Mlotshwa, Makhosini, Hawkins, William, Loizides, Sofroni, Krishna, Kandaswamy, Orchard, Melanie, Ho, Chik Wai, Thomson, Peter, Khan, Shahab, Taylor, Fiona, Shukla, Jalak, Howie, Emma Elizabeth, Macdonald, Linda, Komolafe, Olusegun, Mcintyre, Neil, Cragg, Jame, Parker, Jody, Stewart, Duncan, Lintin, Luke, Tracy, Julia, Farooq, Tahir, Molina, George, Kaafarani, Haytham, Beyene, Robel, Sava, Jack, Scott, Mark, Swaroop, Mamta, Kennedy, Raelene, Azodo, Ijeoma A, Heffernan, Daithi, Chun, Tristen, Stephen, Andrew, Sion, Melanie, Weinstein, Michael S., Punja, Viren, Bugaev, Nikolay, Goodstein, Monica, Razmdjou, Shadi, Etchill, Eric, Puyana, Juan Carlo, Kesinger, Matthew, Napolitano, Lena, To, Kathleen, Hemmila, Mark, Todd, Oliver, Jenner, Edward, Hoogakker, Ellen, Grizhja, Besmir, Ymeri, Shpetim, Galiqi, Gezim, Klappenbach, Roberto, Antezana, Diego, Beleño, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza, Costa, Cecilia, Sanchez, Belen, Aviles, Susan, Fermani, Claudio Gabriel, Balmaceda, Rubén, Villalobos, Santiago, Carmona, Juan Manuel, Hamill, Daniel, Deutschmann, Peter, Sandler, Simone, Cox, Daniel, Nataraja, Ram, Sharpin, Claire, Ljuhar, Damir, Gray, Demi, Haines, Morgan, Iyer, Dush, Niranjan, Nithya, D'Amours, Scott, Ashtari, Morvarid, Franco, Helena, Karim, Sabbir, Aman, Nowrin F., Estee, Mahnuma Mahfuz, Salma, Umme, Razzaque, Joyeta, Kanta, Tasnia Hamid, Tori, Sayeeda Aktar, Alamin, Shadid, Roy, Swapnil, Al Amin, Shadid, Karim, Rezaul, Haque, Muhtarima, Faruq, Amreen, Iftekhar, Farhana, O'Shea, Margaret, Padmore, Greg, Jonnalagadda, Ramesh, Litvin, Andrey, Filatau, Aliaksandr, Paulouski, Dzmitry, Shubianok, Maryna, Shachykava, Tatsiana, Khokha, Dziani, Khokha, Vladimir, Djivoh, Fernande, Dossou, Franci, Seto, Djifid Morel, Gbessi, Dansou Gaspard, Noukpozounkou, Bruno, Keke, Kpèmahouton René, Hodonou, Fred, Ahounou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane, Alihonou, Thierry, Dénakpo, Max, Ahlonsou, Germain, Bedada, Alemayehu Ginbo, Nsengiyumva, Carlo, Kwizera, Sandrine, Barendegere, Venerand, Choi, Philip, Jamal, Luai, Chen, Tzu‐Ling, Yip, Chingwan, Zapata, Felipe, Lanau, Maria Isabel Villega, Restrepo, Ivan Mendoza, Giraldo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo, Youssef, Mohamed, Thabet, Waleed, Sanad, Aly, Zaki, Ahmed, Abdel‐Hameed, Noran, Mostafa, Mohamed, Omar, Muhammad Fathi Waleed, Ghanem, Ahmed, Denewar, Adel, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Eman, Sakr, Ahmad, Elashry, Rehab, Emile, Sameh, Khafagy, Toqa, Elhamouly, Sara, Elfarargy, Arwa, Mohamed, Amna Mamdouh, Nagy, Ghada Saied, Esam, Abeer, Elwy, Eman, Hammad, Aya, Khallaf, Salwa, Ibrahim, Eman, Saidbadr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Ahmed, Mohammed, Amany Eldosouky, Elgheriany, Mohammed, Abdelmageed, Eman, Al Raouf, Eman Abd, Elbanby, Esraa Samir, Elmasry, Maha, Farahat, Mahitab Morsy, Mansor, Eman Yahya, Hegazy, Eman Magdy, Gamal, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Kandil, Hend, Abdelrouf, Doaa Maher, Moaty, Mohamed, Gamal, Dina, El‐Sagheer, Nada, Salah, Mohamed, Magdy, Salma, Salah, Asmaa, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Badawy, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Sara, Mohamed, Mazed, Assal, Abdelrahman, Sleem, Mohamed, Ebidy, Mai, Elrazek, Aly Abd, Zahran, Diaaaldin, Adam, Nourhan, Nazir, Mohamed, Hassanein, Adel B, Ismail, Ahmed, Elsawy, Amira, Mamdouh, Rana, Mabrouk, Mohamed, Ahmed, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed, Alnaby, Mohamed Hassab, Magdy, Eman, Abd‐Elmawla, Manar, Fahim, Marwan, Mowafy, Bassant, Mahmoud, Moustafa Ibrahim, Allam, Meran, Alkelani, Muhammad, El Gendy, Noran Halim, Aboul‐Naga, Mariam Saad, El‐Din, Reham Alaa, Elgendy, Alyaa Halim, Ismail, Mohamed, Shalaby, Mahmoud, Elsharkawy, Aya Adel, Moghazy, Mahmoud Elsayed, Elbisomy, Khaled Hesham, Shakshouk, Hend Adel Gawad, Hamed, Mohamed Fouad, Ebidy, Mai Mohamed, Ahmed, Hayam, Adel, Israa, Omar, Mohammad Elsayed, Ibrahim, Mohamed, Ghoneim, Omar, Hesham, Omar, Gamal, Shimaa, Hilal, Karim, Arafa, Omar, Awad, Sawsan Adel, Salem, Menatalla, Elsherif, Fawzia Abdellatif, Elsabbagh, Nourhan, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R., Rida, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad, Hossameldin, Amr, Hany, Ethar, Asar, Yomna Hosny, Anwar, Nourhan, Gadelkarim, Mohamed, Abdelhady, Samar, Morshedy, Eman Mohamed, Saad, Reham, Soliman, Nourhan, Salama, Mahmoud, Ezzat, Eslam, Mohamed, Arwa, Ibrahim, Arwa, Fergany, Alaa, Mohammed, Sara, Reda, Aya, Allam, Yomna, Saad, Hanan Adel, Abdelfatah, Afnan, Fathy, Aya Mohamed, El‐Sehily, Ahmed, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Hassan, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset, Mohammed, Ahmed Rabeih, Saad, Abdalla Gamal, Ibrahim, Arij, Hassaan, Amr, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa, Elhoseny, Ghada, Magdy, Mohamed, Elkhalek, Esraa Abd, Zakaria, Yehia, Ezzat, Tarek, El Dahab, Ali Abo, Kelany, Mohamed, Arafa, Sara, Hassan, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Sleem, Ahmad Saber, Ahmed, Hussien, Abdelbadeai, Kholoud, Abdullah, Mohamed Abozed, Lokman, Muhammad Amsyar Auni, Bahar, Suraya, Abdelazeam, Anan Rady, Adelshone, Abdelrahman, Hasnan, Muhammad Bin, Zulkifli, Athirah, Kamarulzamil, Siti Nur Alia, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz, Latif, Aliang, Adnan, Ahmad Bin, Shaharuddin, Shahadatul, Majid, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul, Al‐Marakby, Dina, Ismail, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin, Basir, Elissa Rifhan Mohd, Ali, Citra Dewi Mohd, Ata, Aya Yehia, Nasr, Maha, Rezq, Asmaa, Sheta, Ahmed, Tariq, Sherif, Sallam, Abd Elkhalek, Darwish, Abdelrhman KZ, Elmihy, Sohaila, Elhadry, Shady, Farag, Ahmed, Hajeh, Haidar, Abdelaal, Abdelaziz, Aglan, Amro, Zohair, Ahmed, Essam, Mahitab, Moussa, Omar, El‐Gizawy, Esraa, Samy, Mostafa, Ali, Safia, Elhalawany, Esraa, Ata, Ahmed, El Halawany, Mohamed, Nashat, Mohamed, Soliman, Samar, Elazab, Alaa, Samy, Mostada, Abdelaziz, Mohamed A, Ibrahim, Khaled, Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed, Gado, Ammar, Eldeen, Esraa Alm, loaloa, Mohamed Reda, Abouzaid, Arwa, Eldin, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa, Hashad, Eman, Sroor, Fathy, Gamil, Doaa, Abdulhakeem, Eman Mahmoud, Zakaria, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Fawzy, Abubakr, Marwan, Ali, Elsayed, Magdy, Hesham, Ramadan, Menna Tallah, Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelaty, Mansour, Salma, Amin, Hager Abdul Aziz, Mohamed, Ahmed Rabie, Saami, Mahmoud, Elsayed, Nada Ahmed Reda, Tarek, Adham, Mahmoud, Sabry Mohy Eldeen, El Sayed, Islam Magdy, Reda, Amira, Shawky, Martina Yusuf, Salem, Mohammed Mousa, El‐Din, Shahinaz Alaa, Soliman, Noha Abdullah, Talaat, Muhammed, Alaael‐Dein, Shahinaz, Elhusseiny, Ahmed Abd Elmoen, Abdullah, Noha, Elshaar, Mohammed, Ibraheem, Aya AbdelFatah, Abdulaziz, Hager, Ismail, Mohammed Kamal, Madkor, Mona Hamdy, Abdelaty, Mohamed, Abdel‐Kader, Sara Mahmoud, Salah, Osama Mohamed, Eldafrawy, Mahmoud, Eldeeb, Ahmed Zaki, Eid, Mostafa Mahmoud, Attia, Attia, Shwky, Ayman, Badenjki, Mohamed Adel, Soliman, Abdelrahman, Al Attar, Samaa Mahmoud, Sayed, Farrag, Sabour, Fahd Abdel, Azizeldine, Mohammed G., Shawqi, Muhammad, Hashim, Abdullah, Aamer, Ahmed, Abdelraouf, Ahmed Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Mahmoud, Ibrahim, Amal, Mahmoud, Basma, Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali, Qenawy, Mostafa, Rashed, Ahmed M., Dahy, Ahmed, Sayed, Marwa, Shamsedine, Ahmed W., Mohamed, Bakeer, Hasan, Ahmad, Saad, Mahmoud M., Bassit, Khalil Abdul, El‐Latif, Nadia Khalid Abd, Elzahed, Nada, El Kashash, Ahmed, Bekhet, Nada Mohamed, Hafez, Sarah, Gad, Ahmed, Maher, Mahmoud Elkhadragy, Elsameea, Ahmed Abd, Hafez, Mohamed, Sabe, Ahmad, Ahmed, Ataa, Shahine, Ahmed, Dawood, Khaled, Gaafar, Shireen, Husseiny, Reem, Aboelmagd, Omnia, Soliman, Ahmed, Mesbah, Nourhan, Emadeldin, Hossam, Al Meligy, Amgad, Bekhet, Amira Hassan, Hasan, Doaa, Alhady, Khaled, Sabe, Ahmad Khaled, Elnajjar, Mahmoud A., Aboelella, Majed, Hamsho, Ward, Hassan, Ihab, Saad, Hala, Abdelazim, Galaleldin, Mahmoud, Hend, Wael, Noha, Kandil, Ahmedali M, Magdy, Ahmed, Elkholy, Shimaa Said, Adel, Badr Eldin, Dabbour, Kareem, Elsherbiney, Saged, Mattar, Omar, Abdrabou, Abdulshafi Khaled, Aly, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed, Geuoshy, Abdelrahman, Elnagar, Ahmedglal, Ahmed, Saraibrahim, Abdelmotaleb, Ibrahem, Saleh, Amr Ahmed, Saeed, Manar, Mahmoud, Shady, Tawfik, Badreldin Adel, Ismail, Samar Adel, Zakaria, Esraay, Gad, Mariam O., Elhelbawy, Mohamed Salah, Bassem, Monica, Maraie, Noha, Elhadary, Nourhan Medhat, Semeda, Nourhan, Mohamed, Shaza Rabie, Bakry, Hesham Mohammed, Essam, AA, Tarek, Dina, Ashour, Khlood, Elhadad, Alaa, Abdel‐Aty, Abdulrahman, Rakha, Ibrahim, Matter, Sara Mamdouh, Abdelhamed, Rasha, Abdelkader, Omar, Hassaan, Ayat, Soliman, Yasmin, Mohamed, Amna, Farouk, Sara Amr Mohamed, Ibrahim, Eman Mohamed, El‐Taher, Esraa, Mostafa, Merna, Badr, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrou, Elsemelawy, Rofida, El‐Sawy, Aya, Bakr, Ahmad, Al Rafati, Ahmad Abdel Razaq, Saar, Sten, Reinsoo, Arvo, Seyoum, Nebyou, Worku, Tewodro, Fitsum, Agazi, Tolonen, Matti, Parmentier, 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Hope, Osei‐Nketiah, Samuel, Amoako, Joachim, Adu‐Aryee, Niiarmah, Appeadu‐Mensah, William, Bediako‐Bowan, Antoinette, Dedey, Florence, Ekow, Mattew, Akatibo, Emmanuel, Yakubu, Musah, Kordorwu, Hope Edem Kofi, Asare‐Bediako, Kwasi, Tackie, Enoch, Aaniana, Kenneth, Acquah, Emmanuel, Opoku‐Agyeman, Richard, Avoka, Anthony, Kusi, Kwasi, Maison, Kwame, Gyamfi, Frank Enoch, Barnabas, Gandau Naa, Abdul‐Latif, Saiba, Amoako, Philip Taah, Davor, Anthony, Dassah, Victor, Dagoe, Enoch, Kwakyeafriyie, Prince, Akoto, Elliot, Ackom, Eric, Mensah, Ekow, Atkins, Ebenezer Takyi, Coompson, Christian Lari, Ivros, Nikolao, Ferousis, Christoforo, Kalles, Vasileio, Kyriazanos, Ioanni, Barkolias, Christo, Tselos, Angelo, Tzikos, Georgio, Voulgaris, Evangelo, Bamicha, Athanasia, Stefanopoulos, Anastasio, Patoulias, Ioanni, Sfougaris, Dimitrio, Valioulis, Ioanni, Balalis, Dimitrio, Korkolis, Dimitrio, Manatakis, Dimitrios K, Kyrou, Georgio, Karabelias, Georgio, Papaskarlatos, Iason‐Antonio, Konstantina, 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E., Jasaitis, Kristijona, Parseliunas, Audriu, Nevieraite, Viktorija, Slapelyte, Evelina, Dainius, Edvina, Subocius, Andreju, Venclauskas, Lina, Gulbinas, Antana, Kasputyte, Simona, Mikuckyte, Deimante, Kiudelis, Mindauga, Jankus, Toma, Petrikenas, Stepona, Pažuskis, Mata, Urniežius, Zigmanta, Vilčinskas, Manta, Banaitis, Vincas Jona, Gaižauskas, Vytauta, Grisin, Edvard, Mazrimas, Povila, Drungilas, Manta, Lagunavicius, Karoli, Lipnickas, Vytauta, Majauskyté, Dovilè, Abaliksta, Toma, Uščinas, Laimona, Simutis, Gintara, Ladukas, Adoma, Danys, Donata, Sruogiene, Elena Zdanyte, Višinskas, Petra, Žilinskienė, Reda, Dragatas, Deivida, Burmistrovas, Andriu, Tverskis, Zygimanta, Vaicius, Artura, Mazelyte, Ruta, Zadoroznas, Antana, Žiubrytė, Greta, Rahantasoa, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence, Samison, Luc Hervé, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Fanjandrainy, Tolotra, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina, Mukuzunga, Corneliu, Kwatiwani, Chimwemwe, Msiska, Nelson, Chai, Feng Yih, Asilah, Siti Mohd Desa, Syibrah, Khuzaimah Zahid, Chin, Pui Xin, Riswan, Nur Zulaika, Chong, Hoong‐Yin, Aziz, Nora Abdul, Poh, Keat‐Seong, Chai, Chu‐Ann, Kumar, Sandip, Taher, Mustafa Mohammed, Aziz, Dayang Nita Abdul, Julaihi, Rokayah, Jethwani, Durvesh Lacthman, Yahaya, Muhammad Taqiyuddin, Mathew, Susan Wndy, Chung, Kuet Jun, Nirumal, Milaksh Kumar, Tze, R. Goh Ern, Ali, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan, Gan, Yiing Yee, Ting, Jesse Ron Swire, Sii, Samuel S. Y., Koay, Kean Leong, Tan, Yi Koon, Cheah, Alvin Ee Zhiun, Wong, Chui Yee, Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Tuan, Chow, Crystal Yern Nee, Har, Prisca A.L., Der, Yishan, Henry, Fitjerald, Low, Xinwei, Neo, Ya Theng, Heng, Hian Ee, Kong, Shu Ning, Gan, Cheewei, Mok, Yi Ting, Tan, Yee Wen, Palayan, Kandasami, Tata, Mahadevan Deva, Cheong, Yih Jeng, Gunaseelan, Kuhaendran, 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Wan Nurul, Yoganathan, Pigeneswaren, Lee, Eu Xian, Saw, Jian Er, Yeang, Li Jing, Koh, Pei Ying, Lim, Shyang Yee, Teo, Shuang Yi, Grech, Nicole, Magri, Daniela, Cassar, Kristina, Mizzi, Christine, Falzon, Malcolm, Shaikh, Nihaal, Scicluna, Ruth, Zammit, Stefan, Mizzi, Sean, Brincat, Svetlana Dori, Tembo, Thelma, Le, Vu Thanh Hien, Grima, Tara, Sammut, Keith, Carabott, Kurt, Zarb, Ciskje, Navarro, Andre, Dimech, Thea, Camilleri, Georgette Marie, Bertuello, Isaac, Dalli, Jeffrey, Bonavia, Karl, Corro‐Diaz, Samantha, Manriquez‐Reyes, Marisol, Abdelhamid, Amina, Hrora, Abdelmalek, Benammi, Sarah, Bachri, Houda, Abbouch, Meryem, Boukhal, Khaoula, Bennai, Redouane Mammar, Belkouchi, Abdelkader, Jabal, Mohamed Sobhi, Benyaiche, Chaymae, Vermaas, Maarten, Duinhouwer, Lucia, Pastora, Javier, Wood, Greta, Merlo, Maria Soledad, Ajao, Akinlabi, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Lawal, Taiwo, Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemiu, Alada, Muslimat, Nasir, Abdulrasheed, Habeeb, Olufemi, Mendel, Henry, Bello, Bashir, Muktar, Umar, Olajide, Thomas Olagboyega, Oshati, Oyindamola, Ihediwa, George, Adenekan, Babajide, Nwinee, Victor, Lawal, Abdulrazzaq, Bode, Chri, Olugbemi, Mojolaoluwa, Odutola, Oluwatomi, Adebola, Oluwaseyi, Onuoha, Clement, Balogun, Fatai, Ajai, Olalekan, Njokanma, Iloba, Kache, Stephen, Ajah, Jonathan, Makama, Jerry, Adamu, Ahmed, Baba, Suleiman, Aliyu, Mohammad, Aliyu, Shamsudeen, Ukwenya, Yahaya, Aliyu, Halima, Sholadoye, Tunde, Daniyan, Muhammad, Ogunsua, Oluseyi, Sheshe, Abdurrahaman, Mshelbwala, Philip, Samson, Garba, Timothy, Oyediran Kehinde, Samuel, Sani Ali, Ajiboye, Anthony, Amole, Isaac, Abiola, Olajide, Olaolorun, Akin, Veen, Torhild, Kanani, Arezo, Styles, Kristian, Herikstad, Ragnar, Larsen, Johannes Wiik, Søreide, Jon Arne, Jensen, Elisabeth, Gran, Mad, Aahlin, Eirik Kju, Gaarder, Tina, Monrad‐Hansen, Peter Wiel, Næss, Pål Aksel, Lauzikas, Giedriu, Wiborg, Joachim, Holte, Silje, Augestad, Knut Magne, Banipal, Gurpreet Singh, Moe, Thomas Teten, Schultz, Johannes Kurt, Al‐taher, Taher, Hamdan, Ayah, Salman, Ayman, Saadeh, Rana, Musleh, Aseel, Jaradat, Dana, Abushamleh, Soha, Hanoun, Sakhaa, Qumbos, Amjad Abu, Hamarshi, Aseel, Taher, Ayman And, Qawasmi, Israa, Qurie, Khalid, Altarayra, Marwa, Ghannam, Mohammad, Shaheen, Alaa, Herebat, Azher, Abdelhaq, Aram, Shalabi, Ahmad, Abu‐toyour, Maram, Asi, Fatema, Shamasneh, Ala, Atiyeh, Anwar, Mustafa, Mousa, Zaa'treh, Rula, Dabboor, Majd, Alaloul, Ena, Baraka, Heba, Meqbil, Jehad, Al‐Buhaisi, Alaa, Elshami, Mohamedraed, Afana, Samah, Jaber, Sahar, Alyacoubi, Said, Abuowda, Yousef, Idress, Tasneem, Abuqwaider, Eman, Al‐saqqa, Sara, Bowabsak, Alaa, El Jamassi, Alaa, Hasanain, Doaa, Al‐farram, Hadeel, Salah, Maram, Firwana, Aya, Hamdan, Marwa, Awad, Israa, Ashour, Ahmad, Al Barrawi, Fayez Elian, Al‐khatib, Ahmed, Al‐faqawi, Maha, Fares, Mohamed, Elmashala, Amjad, Adawi, Mohammad, Adawi, Ihdaa, Khreishi, Reem, Khreishi, Rose, ashour, Ahmad, Ghaben, Ahed, Nadeem, Najwa, Saqlain, Muhammad, Abbasy, Jibran, Alvi, Abdul Rehman, Shahzad, Noman, Butt, Muhammad Talha, Asaat ul Razi, Syed, Ahmed, Asdaq, Niazi, Ali Khan, Raza, Ibrahim, Baluch, Fatima, Raza, Ahmed, Bani‐Sadar, Ahmad, Adil, Muhammad, Raza, Awai, Javaid, Mahnoor, Waqar, Muhammad, Khan, Maryam Ali, Arshad, Mohammad Mohsin, Amjad, Mohammadasim, Cardozo, Jorge Torre, Roche, Marcelo O'Higgin, Servin, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen, Lopez, Larissa Ines Páez, Cardozo, Ramón Augusto Melo, Espinoza, Fernando, Rojas, Angel David Pérez, Sanchez, Diana, Samaniego, Camila Sanchez, Torres, Shalon Guevara, Calua, Alexander Canta, Razuri, Cesar, Ortiz, Nadia, Rodriguez, Xianelle, Carrasco, Nahilia, Saravia, Fridiz, Miyasato, Hector Shibao, Valcarcel‐Saldaña, María, Bermúdez, Ysabel Esthefany Alejo, Carpio, Juan, Panez, Walter Ruiz, Orbegozo, Pedro Angel Toribio, Dueñas, Carolina Guzmán, Espinoza, Kevin Turpo, Barrantes, Ana Maria Sandoval, Bravo, Jorge Armando Chungui, Fuentes‐Rivera, Lorena, Fernández, Carmen, Málaga, Bárbara, Ye, Joselyn, Velasquez, Ricardo, Salcedo, Jannin, Contreras‐Vergara, Ana Lucia, Mejia, Angelica Genoveva Vergara, Montejo, Maria Soledad Gonzale, Salas, Marilia Del Carmen Escalante, Ticona, Willy Alcca, Vargas, Marvin, Sila, George Christian Manrique, Mas, Robinson, Pilar Paucar, Arazzelly, Velásquez, Armando José Román, Robledo‐Rabanal, Alina, Solis, Ludwing Alexander Zeta, Espinoza, Kenny Turpo, Hamaguchi, José Luis Hamasaki, Farfan, Erick Samuel Florez, Barrientos, Linda Alvi Madrid, Matta, Juan Jaime Herrera, Mora, John Jemuel V., Redota, Menold Archee P., Roxas, Manuel Francisco, Maño, Maria Jesusa B., Parreno‐Sacdalan, Marie Dione, Almanon, Christel Leanne, Walędziak, Maciej, Roszkowski, Rafał, Janik, Michał, Lasek, Anna, Radkowiak, Dorota, Rubinkiewicz, Mateusz, Fernandes, Cristina, Muntean, Liviu, Popa, Mariuca, Mircea, Hogea, Diaconescu, Bogdan, Bratu, Matei Razvan, Negoi, Ionut, Ciubotaru, Cezar, Uzabumwana, Norbert, Duhoranenayo, Dieudonne, Idris, Faisal, Alghamdi, Mohammed Saleh A., Maghrabi, Ashraf, Alkaaki, Aroub, Turkustani, Sondo, Khalifah, Eyad, Albiety, Adel, Sahel, Sarah, Alshareef, Reham, Alzahrani, Mohammed Najjar Ahmed, Alghamdi, Ahmed, Alhazmi, Wedyan, Al Saied, Ghiath, Alamoudi, Mohammed, Riaz, Muhammed Masood, Alhassan, Basmah, Altamimi, Abdullah, Alyahya, Reem, Al Subaie, Norah, Al Bastawis, Fatema, Khan, Roaa, Radojkovic, Milan, Jeremic, Ljiljana, Nestorovic, Milica, Law, Jia Hao, Tan, Keith Say Kwang, Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat, Tan, Joel Kin, Joel, Lau Wen Liang, Chan, Xue Wei, Leong, Faith Qi Hui, Chong, Choon Seng, Koh, Sharon, Lee, Kai Yin, Lee, Kuok Chung, Pluke, Kent, Dedekind, Britta, Nashidengo, Puyearashid, Hampton, Mark Ian, Joosten, Johanna, Sobnach, Sanju, Roodt, Liana, Sander, Anthony, Pape, Jame, Maistry, Niveshni, Ndwambi, Phumudzo, Kinandu, Kamau, Du Toit, Frederick, Ellison, Quinn, Burger, Sule, Grobler, DC, Khulu, Lawrence Bongani, Leusink, Astrid, Kariem, Nazmie, Gouws, Juan, Chu, Kathryn, Bougard, Heather, Noor, Fazlin, Dell, Angela, Van Straten, Stephanie, Khamajeet, Arvin, Tshisola, Serge Kapenda, Kabongo, Kalangu, Moodley, Yoshan, Anderson, Frank, Madiba, Thandinkosi, Plooy, Flip, Hartford, Leila, Chilton, Gareth, Karjiker, Parveen, Mabitsela, Matlou Ernest, Ndlovu, Sibongile Ruth, Badicel, Maria, Jaich, Robert, Ruiz‐Tovar, Jaime, Garcia‐Florez, Lui, Otero‐Díez, Jorge L., Pérez, Virginia Ramo, Suárez, Nuria Aguado, García, Javier Minguez, Moreno, Sara Corral, Collado, Maria Vicenta, Carneros, Virginia Jiménez, Septiem, Javier García, Gonzalez, Mariana, Picardo, Antonio, Esteban, Enrique, Ferrero, Esther, Espin‐Basany, Eloy, Blanco‐Colino, Ruth, Andriola, Valeria, Contreras, Elisa, Bernardo, Carmen García, Sanz, Sandra, León, Alberto Miyar, Dorismé, Asnel, Rodicio, Joselui, Suarez, Aida, Stuva, Jessica, Vico, Tamara Diaz, Fernandez‐Vega, Laura, Soldevila‐Verdeguer, Carla, Sena‐Ruiz, Fatima, Pujol‐Cano, Natalia, Diaz‐Jover, Paula, Garcia‐Perez, José Maria, Segura‐Sampedro, Juan Jose, Pineño‐Flores, Cristina, Ambrona‐Zafra, David, Craus‐Miguel, Andrea, Jimenez‐Morillas, Patricia, Mazzella, Angela, Jayathilake, A.B, Thalgaspitiya, S.P.B, Wijayarathna, L.S., Wimalge, P.M.S.N., Sanni, Hakeem Ayomi, Okenabirhie, Ogheneochuko, Homeida, Anmar, Younis, Abobaker, Omer, Omer Abdelbagi, Abdulaziz, Mustafa, Mussad, Ali, Adam, Ali, Sokratous, Aresti, Breistrand, Michaela, Sigurdadottir, Johanna, Nikberg, Maziar, Chabok, Abba, Elbe, Peter, Saraste, Deborah, Rutkowski, Wiktor, Forlin, Louise, Niska, Karoliina, Oswald, Denni, Peros, Georgio, Bluelle, Rafael, Reinisch, Katharina, Frey, Daniel, Palma, Adrian, Zumbühl, Luciu, Werder, Gabriela, Mahanty, Silke, Widmer, Lukas Werner, Müller, Julia, Gübeli, Alissa, Zuk, Grzegorz, Gulcicek, Osman Bilgin, Vartanoglu, Talar, Kose, Emin, Karahan, Servet Rustu, Aydin, Mehmet Can, Sahbaz, Nuri Alper, Halicioglu, Ilkay, Alis, Halil, Sapci, Ipek, Adıyaman, Can, Pektaş, Ahmet Murat, Cengiz, Turgut Bora, Tansoker, Ilkan, Işler, Vedatcan, Cevik, Muazzez, Mutlu, Deniz, Ozben, Volkan, Ozmen, Berk Bari, Bayram, Sefa, Yolcu, Sinem, Kobal, Berna Buse, Toto, Ömer Faruk, Çakaloğlu, Haluk Cem, Karabulut, Kagan, Mutlu, Vahit, Celik, Saban, Semiz, Anil, Bodur, Selim, Gül, Enisburak, Murutoglu, Busra, Yildirim, Reyyan, Baki, Bahadir Emre, Arslan, Ekin, Ulusahin, Mehmet, Guner, Ali, Walker, Nathan, Shrimanker, Nikhita, Cole, Simon, Breslin, Ryan, Srinivasan, Ravi, Hunter, Kristina, Al‐Bahrani, Ahmed, Mairs, Nora Grace, Rocke, Alistair, Dick, Lachlan, Qureshi, Mobeen, Chowdhury, Debkumar, Wright, Naomi, Skerritt, Clare, Kufeji, Dorothy, Ho, Adrienne, Dissanayake, Tharindra, Tennakoon, Athula, Ali, Wadah, Tan, Charlene, O'Neill, Stephen, Knight, Stephen, Nassif, Dima, Sharma, Abhishek, White, Rebecca, Mehdi, Aia, Post, Nathan, Kalakouti, Eliana, Dashnyam, Enkhbat, Stourton, Frederick, Mykoniatis, Ioanni, Wong, Francisca, Gupta, Ashish, Shatkar, Veeranna, Kadiwar, Suraj, Smedley, Alexander, Wakefield, Rebecca, Herrod, Philip, Blackwell, Jame, Cohen, Fraser, Bandi, Ashwath, Bond‐Smith, Gile, Farhangmehr, Neda, Perenyei, Miklo, Ireland, Philip, Bowling, Kirk, Bunting, David, Longstaff, Lydia, Keogh, Kenneth, Jeon, Hyunjin, Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih, Khosla, Shivun, Jeffery, Anna, Perera, Jame, Alhammali, Tariq, Oram, Shaun, Kidd, Thoma, Cullen, Fraser, Owen, Christopher, Wilson, Michael, Chiu, Seehui, Sarafilovic, Hannah, Ploski, Jennifer, Evans, Elizabeth, Abbas, Athar, Kamya, Sylvia, Ishak, Norzawani, Bisset, Carly, Andress, Cedar, Chin, Ye Ru, Patel, Priya, Evans, David, Haslegrave, Aidan, Boggon, Adam, Laurie, Kirsten, Mann, Thoma, Mansuri, Anahita, Davies, Rachel, Shahbaz, Aized Raza, Eng, Calvin, Din, Farhat, L'Heveder, Ariadne, Park, Esther H.G., Ravishankar, Ramanish, McIntosh, Kirsten, Yau, Jih Dar, Chan, Luke, McGarvie, Susan, Tang, Lingshan, Lim, Hui, Yap, Suhhuey, Park, Jay, Ng, Zhan Herr, Mirza, Shahrukh, Ang, Yun Lin, Walls, Luke, Roy, Chloe, Paterson‐Brown, Simon, Mclean, Kenneth, D'Souza, Michelle S, Pronin, Savva, Henshall, David Ewart, Ter, Eunice Zuling, English, William, Morgan, Catrin, Townsend, Dominic, Maciejec, Laura, Mahdi, Shareef, Akpenyi, Onyinye, Hall, Elisabeth, Caydiid, Hanaan, Rob, Zakaria, Abbott, Tom, Torrance, Hew D, Johnston, Robin, Gani, Mohammed Akil, Rajmohan, Shivanchan, Majid, Kiran, Smith, Christopher, Palliyil, Madanmohan, Patel, Sanjay, Nicholson, Luke, Harvey, Neil, Shillito, Sam, Kershaw, Suzanne, Bamford, Rebecca, Orton, Peter, Reunis, Elke, Jama, Guled M., Dhillon, Dharminder, Patel, Khyati, Nanthakumaran, Shayanthan, Heard, Rachel, Chen, Kar Yan, Barmayehvar, Behrad, Datta, Uttaran, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Tani, Sobhana Iftekhar, Donnelly, Philippa, Walker, Michael, Blacker, Sarah, Kaul, Anil, Paramasivan, Arjun, Farag, Sameh, Nessa, Ashrafun, Awadallah, Salwa, Lim, Jieqi, Ng, James Chean Khun, Kiran, Ravi P., Murray, Alice, Dasari, Mohini, Puyana, Juan, Haddad, Nadeem, Zielinski, Martin, Choudhry, Asad, Caliman, Celeste, Beamon, Mieshia, Duane, Therese, Myers, Jonathan, Deal, Rebecca, Makupe, Alex, Musowoya, Joseph, Van Der Naald, Niel, Kumwenda, Dayson, Reece‐Smith, Alex, Otten, Kar, Verbeek, Anna, Prins, Marloe, Suarez, Alibeth Andres Baquero, Deane, Chelsea, Dijan, Emilio, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Koskenvuo, Laura, Thollot, Aurore, Limoges, Bernard, Capito, Carmen, Alexandre, Challine, Kotobi, Henri, Leroux, Julien, Pinnagoda, Kalitha, Henric, Nicola, Azzis, Olivier, Rosello, Olivier, Francois, Poddevin, Etienne, Sara, Buisson, Philippe, Hmila, Sophian, Clegg‐Lamptey, Joe‐Nat, Imoro, Osman, Abem, Owusu Emmanuel, Papageorgiou, Dimitrio, Soulou, Vasiliki, Asturias, Sabrina, Peña, Lenin, O'Connor, Donal B, Luc, Alberto Reali, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Taddei, Antonio, Cona, Camilla, Bottini, Corrado, Pascale, Giovanni, Rotunno, Giuseppe, Solaini, Leonardo, Pascale, Marco Maria, Notarnicola, Margherita, Corbellino, Mario, Sacco, Michele, Ubiali, Paolo, Cautiero, Roberto, Bocchetti, Tommaso, Muzio, Elena, Guglielmo, Vania, Morandi, Eugenio, Mao, Patrizio, De Luca, Emilia, Ali, Farah Mahmoud, Žilinskas, Justa, Kondrotas, Pauliu, Baltrunas, Roberta, Kutkevicius, Juoza, Ignatavicius, Povila, Tan, Choy Ling, Siaw, Jia Yng, Yam, Sir Young, Wilson, Ling, Aziz, Mohamed Rezal Abdul, Bondin, John, Zorrilla, Carmina Diaz, Majbar, Ana, Sale, Danjuma, Abdullahi, Lawal, Osagie, Olabisi, Faboya, Omolara, Fatuga, Adedeji, Taiwo, Agboola, Nwabuoku, Emeka, Bliksøen, Marte, Khan, Zain Ali, Coronel, Jazmin, Miranda, Cesar, Vasquez, Idelso, Helguero‐Santin, Luis M., Rickard, Jennifer, Adedeji, Adesina, Alqahtani, Saleh, Rath, Max, Van Niekerk, Michael, Koto, Modise Zacharia, Matos‐Puig, Roel, Israelsson, Leif, Schuetz, Tobia, Yuksek, Mahmut Arif, Mericliler, Meric, Uluşahin, Mehmet, Yong, Guo Liang, Whitehurst, Katharine, Redgrave, Natalie, Musyoka, Caroluce K, Olivier, Jame, Lee, Kathryn, Cox, Michael, Farhan‐Alanie, Muhamed M H, Callan, Rory, Chibuye, Chali, Ali, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed, Rekhis, Syrine, Rommaneh, Muna, Sam, Zi Hao, Chen, Jacky Hong Chieh, Roi, Dylan, Pugliesi, Thays Brunelli, Pardo, Gabriel, Blanco, Ruth, Escobar, Eugenio Grasset, GlobSurg Collaboration, Group, and Sileri, P
Subjects: Male, modelos logísticos, medicine.medical_treatment, humanos, surgial care, Colorectal Neoplasm, países desarrollados, Logistic regression, outcomes, Global Health, urgencias médicas, 0302 clinical medicine, países en desarrollo, Surgical, estudios prospectivos, Colostomy, 80 and over, globalsurg, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Multivariate Analysi, mediana edad, Cancer, Aged, 80 and over, Emergencie, anciano, Anastomosis, colorectal resection, colostomy, Anastomosis, Surgical, General Medicine, Middle Aged, adulto, colostomy, colorectal cancer, human developlment index, 3. Good health, Colo-Rectal Cancer, traditional healers, Elective Surgical Procedures, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Colorectal Neoplasms, 6.4 Surgery, low income, Cohort study, Human, Developed Countrie, Adult, Aged, Emergencies, Humans, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, medicine.medical_specialty, neoplasias colorrectales, Logistic Model, cancer, anastomosis, surgical, income, stomas, colostomy procedure, colorectal resection, end colostomy, emergency surgical procedure, human development index, delay, Anastomosis, Perforation (oil well), lcsh:Surgery, GlobalSurg Collaborative, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Case mix index, Clinical Research, medicine, cancer, análisis multifactorial, emergency abdominal surgery, low income, surgial care, traditional healers, cancer, mortality, outcomes, delay, Elective Surgical Procedure, business.industry, Kirurgi, left colon resection, anastomosis, end colostomy, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, lcsh:RD1-811, Odds ratio, mortality, Surgery, Prospective Studie, business, Digestive Diseases, colostomía, emergency abdominal surgery
Abstract: Background: End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods: This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6.9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15.5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77.6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57.5, 40.9 and 35.4 per cent; P, Medical Research Council, MR/N022114/1; National Institute for Health Research, 16/136/79
Published: 2019
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6. Pooled analysis of who surgical safety checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Author: Thomas, Hannah S., Weiser, Thomas G., Drake, Thomas M., Knight, Stephen R., Fairfield, Cameron, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Aguilera, Maria Lorena, Alexander, Philip, Al-Saqqa, Sara W., Borda-Luque, Giuliano, Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Fitzgerald, J. Edward, Fergusson, Stuart J., Glasbey, James, Ingabire, J. C. Allen, Ismail, Lawani, Salem, Hosni Khairy, Kojo, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy, Lapitan, Marie Carmela, Lilford, Richard, Mihaljevic, Andre L., Morton, Dion, Mutabazi, Alphonse Zeta, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Adisa, Adewale O., Ots, Riinu, Pata, Francesco, Pinkney, Thomas, Poskus, Tomas, Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Rayne, Sarah, Shaw, Catherine A., Shu, Sebastian, Spence, Richard, Smart, Neil, Tabiri, Stephen, Bhangu, Aneel, Harrison, Ewen M., Verjee, Azmina, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Altamini, Afnan, Cornick, Jen, Jaffry, Zahra, Khatri, Chetan, Kirby, Andrew, Mohan, Midhun, Recinos, Gustavo, Soreide, Kjetil, Bhang, Aneel, Gobin, Neel, Freitas, Ana Vega, Hall, Nigel, Kim, Sung-Hee, Negida, Ahmed, Khairy, Hosni, Chapman, Stephen J., Arnaud, Alexis P., Manipal, Cutting Edge, Amandito, Radhian, Shawki, Marwan, Hanrahan, Michael, Zilinskas, Justas, Roslani, April Camilla, Goh, Cheng Chun, Irwin, Gareth, Luque, Laura, Shiwani, Hunain, Altamimi, Afnan, Alsaggaf, Mohammed Ubaid, Jeyakumar, Jenifa, Cengiz, Yucel, Raptis, Dmitri A., Glasbey, James C., Modolo, Maria Marta, Iyer, Dushyant, King, Sebastian, Arthur, Tom, Nahar, Sayeda Nazmum, Waterman, Ade, Walsh, Michael, Agarwal, Arnav, Zani, Augusto, Firdouse, Mohammed, Rouse, Tyler, Liu, Qinyang, Camilo Correa, Juan, Talving, Peep, Worku, Mengistu, Arnaud, Alexis, Kalles, Vassilis, Kumar, Basant, Kumar, Sunil, Quek, Roy, Ansaloni, Luca, Altibi, Ahmed, Venskutonis, Donatas, Whitaker, John, Msosa, Vanessa, Tew, Yong Yong, Farrugia, Alexia, Borg, Elaine, Bentounsi, Zineb, Gala, Tanzeela, Al-Slaibi, Ibrahim, Tahboub, Haya, Alser, Osaid H., Romani, Diego, Shu, Sebestian, Major, Piotr, Mironescu, Aurel, Bratu, Matei, Kourdouli, Amar, Ndajiwo, Aliyu, Altwijri, Abdulaziz, Gudal, Ahmad, Jubran, Al Faifi, Seisay, Sam, Lieske, Bettina, Ortega, Irene, Senanayake, Kithsiri J., Abdulbagi, Omar, Raptis, Dmitri, Altinel, Yuksel, Kong, Chia, Teasdale, Ella, Stoddart, Michael, Kabariti, Rakan, Suresh, Sukrit, Gash, Katherine, Narayanan, Ragavan, Maimbo, Mayaba, Fermani, Claudio, Balmaceda, Ruben, Macdermid, Ewan, Chenn, Roxanne, Yong, Cheryl Ou, Edye, Michael, Jarmin, Martin, D'amours, Scott K., Youssef, Daniel, Phillips, Nicholas, Brown, Jason, George, Robert, Koh, Cherry, Warren, Oliver, Hanley, Isaac, Dickfos, Marilla, Nawara, Clemens, Ofner, Dietmar, Primavesi, Florian, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Mahmud, Khalid, Hussain, Margub, Hakim, Hafiz, Kumar, Tapan, Oosterkamp, Antje, Assouto, Pamphile A., Lawani, Ismail, Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou, Tun, Aung Kyaw, Chong, Chean Leung, Devadasar, Giridhar H., Qadir, Muhammad Rashid Minhas, Aung, Kyaw Phyo, Yeo, Lee Shi, Palomino Castillo, Vanessa Dina, Munhoz, Monique Moron, Moreira, Gisele, Barros De Castro Segundo, Luiz Carlos, Khouri Ferreira, Salim Anderson, Careta, Maira Cassa, Kim, Stella Binna, De Sousa, Alexandre Venancio, Lazzarini Cury, Alyne Daltri, Soares Miguel, Gustavo Peixoto, Carreiro De Freitas, Ana Vega, Silvestre, Barbara Pereira, Vianna, Julia Guasti Pinto, Felipe, Carolina Oliveira, Valente Laufer, Luis Alberto, Altoe, Fernanda, Da Silva, Luana Ayres, Pimenta, Marina Luiza, Giuriato, Thiago Fernandes, Bezerra Morais, Paulo Alves, Luiz, Jessica Souza, Araujo, Rafael, Menegussi, Juliana, Leal, Marisa, Barroso de Lima, Caio Vinicius, Tatagiba, Luiza Sarmento, Leal, Antonio, dos Santos, Diogo Vinicius, Fraga, Gustavo Pereira, Simoes, Romeo Lages, Stock, Simon, Nigo, Samuel, Kabba, Juana, Ngwa, Tagang Ebogo, Brown, James, Azzie, Georges, Kushwaha, Sameer, Bailey, Karen, Cameron, Brian, Livingston, Michael, Horobjowsky, Alexandre, Deckelbaum, Dan L., Razek, Tarek, Marinkovic, Boris, Grasset, Eugenio, D'aguzan, Nicole, Jimenez, Julio, Macchiavello, Roberto, Zhang, Zhongtao, Guo, Wei, Oh, Junyeong, Zheng, Fei, Montes, Irene, Sierra, Sebastian, Mendez, Manuela, Isabel Villegas, Maria, Mendoza Arango, Maria Clara, Mendoza, Ivan, Naranjo Aristizaibal, Fred Alexander, Montoya Botero, Jaime Andres, Quintero Riaza, Victor Manuel, Restrepo, Jakeline, Morales, Carlos, Cruz, Herman, Munera, Alejandro, Karlo, Robert, Domini, Edgar, Mihanovic, Jakov, Radic, Mihael, Zamarin, Kresimir, Pezelj, Nikica, Hache-Marliere, Manuel, Lemaire, Sylvia Batista, Rivas, Ruben, Khyrallh, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahamed, Shimy, Gamal, Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky, Nabawi, Ayman, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Mohamed, Gohar, Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad, Asal, Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Gomah, Mahmoud, Rashwan, Hayssam, Karkeet, Mohamed, Gomaa, Ahmed, Hasan, Amr, Elgebaly, Ahmed, Saleh, Omar, Fattah, Ahmad Abdel, Gouda, Abdullah, Elshafay, Abd Elrahman, Gharib, Abdalla, Menshawy, Ahmed, Hanafy, Mohammed, Al-Mallah, Abdullah, Abdulgawad, Mahmoud, Baheeg, Mohamad, Alhendy, Mohammed, AbdelFattah, Ibrahim, Kenibar, Abdalla, Osman, Omar, Gemeah, Mostafa, Mohammed, Ahmed, Adel, Abdalrahman, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Abdelrahman, Abozaid, Mohamed, Kotb, Ahmed Hafez El-Badri, Ata, Ali Amin Ahmed, Nasr, Mohammed, Alkammash, Abdelrahman, Saeed, Mohammed, Abd El Hamid, Nader, Attia, Attia Mohamed, Abd El Galeel, Ahmed, Elbanby, Eslam, El-Dien, Khalid Salah, Hantour, Usama, Alahmady, Omar, Mansour, Billal, Elkorashy, Amr Muhammad, Taha, Emad Mohamed Saeed, Lasheen, Kholod Tarek, Elkolaly, Salma Said, Abdel-Wahab, Nehal Yosri Elsayed, Abozyed, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi, Adel, Ahmed, Saeed, Ahmed Moustafa, El Sayed, Gehad Samir, Youssif, Jehad Hassan, Ahmed, Soliman Magdy, El-Shahat, Nermeen Soubhy, Khedr, Abd El-Rahman Hegazy, Elsebaaye, Abdelrhman Osama, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Mohamed, Elzayat, Ibrahim, Warda, Mahmoud, El Deen, Khaled Naser, Elnemr, Abdelrhman Essam, Salah, Omar, Abbas, Mohamed, Rashad, Mona, Elzayyat, Ibrahim, Hemeda, Dalia, Tawfik, Gehad, Salama, Mai, Khaled, Hazem, Seisa, Mohamed, Elshaer, Kareem, Hussein, Abdelfatah, Elkhadrawi, Mahmoud, Afifi, Ahmed Mohamed, Ebrahim, Osama Saadeldeen, Metwally, Mahmoud Mohamed, Elmelegy, Rowida, Elsawahly, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary, Safa, Hisham, Nofal, Eman, Elbermawy, Mohamed, Ghazy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb, Samih, Hisham, Abdelgelil, Asmaa, Abdelghany, Sarah, El Kholy, Ahmed, Aboraya, Metwally, Elkady, Fatma, Salma, Mahmoud, Samy, Sarah, Fakher, Reem, Aboarab, Aya, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Ahmed, Haroun, Abdelrahman, Al-Aarag, Asmaa Abdel-Rahman, Elkholy, Ahmed, Elshanwany, Sally, Ghanem, Esraa, Tammam, Ahmed, Hammad, Ali Mohamed, El Shoura, Yousra, El Ashal, Gehad, Antar, Sarah, Mehrez, Sara, Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, Hamad, Maha Gamal Mohamad, Hosh, Mona, Abdallah, Emad, Magdy, Basma, Alzayat, Thuraya, Gamaly, Elsayed, Elfeki, Hossam, Abouzahra, Amany, Elsheikh, Shereen, Elgendy, Fatimah I., Abd El-Salam, Fathia, Seifelnasr, Osama, Ammar, Mohamed, Eysa, Athar, Sadek, Aliaa, Toeema, Aliaa Gamal, Nasr, Aly, Abuseif, Mohamed, Zidan, Hagar, Barakat, Sara Abd Elmageed, Elsayed, Nadin, Abd Elrasoul, Yasmin, Elkelany, Ahmed, Ammar, Mohamed Sabry, Mustafa, Mennat-Allah, Hegazy, Yasmin, Etman, Mohamed, Saad, Samar, Alrahawy, Mahmoud, Raslan, Ahmed, Morsi, Mahmoud, Rslan, Ahmed, Sabry, Ahmed, Elwakil, Hager, Shaker, Heba, Abd-Elrasoul, Yasmin, El-Kashef, Hussein, Shaalan, Mohamed, Tarek, Areej, Elwan, Ayman, Nayel, Ahmed Ragab, Seif, Mostafa, Emadeldin, Doaa, Ghonaim, Mohamed Ali, Almallah, Ahmad, Fouad, Ahmed, Sayma, Eman Adel, Elbatahgy, Ahmad, El-Ma'doul, Angham Solaiman, Mosad, Ahmed, Tolba, Hager, Elsorogy, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin, Mostafa, Hassan Ali, Omar, Amira Atef, Abd El Hameed, Ola Sherief, Lasheen, Ahmed, Abd El Salam, Yasser, Morsi, Ashraf, Ismail, Mohammed, El-badawy, Hager Ahmed, Amer, Mohamed A., El-Hamouly, Ahmed Sabry, Attallah, Noura A., Mosalum, Omnia, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Ahmed, Abouelnasr, Alaa, Ayad, Sara, Shaker, Ramdan, Sakr, Rokia, Shaker, Ramadan, Amreia, Mahmoud, Elsobky, Soaad, Mustafa, Mohamed, El Magd, Ahmed Abo, Marey, Abeer, Hafez, Amr Tarek, Zalabia, Mohamed F., Mohamed, Mohamed Moamen, Fadel, Amr, Ahmed, Emad Ali, Ali, Ahmad, Alwafai, Mohammad Ghassan, Dwydar, Abdullah, Kharsa, Sara, Mamdouh, Ehab, El-Sheemy, Hatem, AlYoussef, Ibrahim, Aly, Abouelatta Khairy, Aldalaq, Ahmad, Alnawam, Ehab, Alkhabbaz, Dalia, Saad, Mahmoud, Hussein, Shady, Elazayem, Ahmed Abo, Meshref, Ahmed, Elashmawy, Marwa, Mousa, Mohammed, Nashaat, Ahmad, Ghanem, Sara, Elsayed, Zaynab M., Elwaey, Aya, Elkadsh, Iman, Darweesh, Mariam, Mohameden, Ahmed, Hafez, Mennaallah, Badr, Ahmed, Badwy, Assmaa, Abd El Slam, Mohamed, Elazoul, Mohamed, Al-Nahrawi, Safwat, Eldamaty, Lotfy, Nada, Fathee, Ameen, Mohamed, Hagar, Aya, Elsehimy, Mohamed, Aboraya, Mohammad, Dawoud, Hossam, El Mesery, Shorouk, El Gendy, Abeer, Abdelkareem, Ahmed, Marey, Ahmed Safwan, Allam, Mostafa, Shehata, Sherif, Abozeid, Khaled, Elshobary, Marwa, Fahiem, Ahmed, Sarsik, Sameh, Hashish, Amel, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Mohamed, Aql, Shaimaa, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz, Husseini, Mohamed, Kasem, Esraa, Gheith, Ahmed, Elfouly, Yasmin, Soliman, Ahmed Ragab, Ibrahim, Yasmein, Elfouly, Nesma, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahmed, Rashid, Mohammad, Elsherbiny, Abdallah Salah, Sieda, Basem, Badwi, Nermin M., Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan, Mohamed, Osama, Habeeb, Mohammad Abdulkhalek, Starr, Nichole, Desta, Semay, Wondimu, Sahlu, Abebe, Nebyou Seyoum, Thomas, Efeson, Asele, Frehun Ayele, Dabessa, Daniel, Abebe, Nebiyou Seyoum, Zerihun, Abebe Bekele, Mentula, Panu, Leppaniemi, Ari, Sallinen, Ville, Scalabre, Aurelien, Frade, Fernanda, Irtan, Sabine, Graffeille, Vivien, Gaignard, Elodie, Alimi, Quentin, Graffieille, Vivien, Abbo, Olivier, Mouttalib, Sofia, Bouali, Ourdia, Hervieux, Erik, Aigrain, Yves, Botto, Nathalie, Faure, Alice, Fievet, Lucile, Panait, Nicoleta, Eyssartier, Emilie, Schmitt, Francoise, Podevin, Guillaume, Parent, Valentine, Martin, Amandine, Arnaud, Alexis Pierre, Muller, Cecile, Bonnard, Arnaud, Peycelon, Matthieu, Abantanga, Francis, Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku, Bukari, Mohammed, Owusu, Frank, Awuku-Asabre, Joseph, Bray, Lemuel Davies, Lytras, Dimitrios, Psarianos, Kyriakos, Bamicha, Anastasia, Kefalidi, Eirini, Gemenetzis, Georgios, Dervenis, Christos, Gouvas, Nikolaos, Agalianos, Christos, Kontos, Michail, Kouraklis, Gregory, Karousos, Dimitrios, Germanos, Stylianos, Marinos, Constantinos, Anthoulakis, Christos, Nikoloudis, Nikolaos, Mitroudis, Nikolaos, Estupinian, Sergio, Forno, Walter, Arevalo Azmitia, Jose Rene, Ramarez 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S., Kirishnan, Anand, Gyanchandani, Nidhi, Kumar, Bylapudi Seshu, Rangarajan, Muthukumaran, Bhat, Sriram, Sreedharan, Anjana, Kinnera, S. V., Reddy, Yella, Venugopal, Caranj, Mittal, Abhishek, Nadkarni, Shravan, Lakshmi, Harish Neelamraju, Malik, Puneet, Limaye, Neel, Pai, Srinivas, Jain, Pratik, Khajanchi, Monty, Satoskar, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev, Bin Mahamood, Abid, Sutanto, Eldaa Prisca Refianti, Soeselo, Daniel Ardian, Tedjaatmadja, Chintya, Rahmawati, Fitriana Nur, Mayasari, Maria, Al-Hasani, Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad, Al-Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Ibraheem, Hasan Ismael, Al-Azraqi, Israa Abdullah Aziz, Sabeeh, Lubna, Kamil, Rahma, Telfah, Muwaffaq Mezeil, Rasendran, Amoudtha, Sheehan, Jacqueline, Kerley, Robert, Normile, Caoimhe, Gilbert, Richard William, Song, Jiheon, Dablouk, Mohamed, Mauro, Linnea, Dablouk, Mohammed Osman, Kielty, Paul, Marks, Eleanor, Gosling, Simon, Mccarthy, Michelle, Rasndran, Amoudtha, Mirghani, Diya, Naqvi, Syed Altaf, Wong, Chee Siong, Chung, Siyi, D'cruz, Reuban, Cahill, Ronan, Gosling, Simon George, Fahy, Ciara, Cadogan, Diana Duarte, Powell, Anna, Gilbert, Richard, Clifford, Caroline, Driscoll, Aoife, Paul, Stassen, Lee, Chris, Bowe, Ross, Hutch, William, Mohan, Helen, O'neill, Maeve, Mealy, Kenneth, Danelli, Piergiorgio, Bondurri, Andrea, Maffioli, Anna, Pasini, Mario, Pata, Giacomo, Roncali, Stefano, Silvani, Paolo, Carlucci, Michele, Faccincani, Roberto, Bonavina, Luigi, Macchitella, Yuri, Ceriani, Chiara, Tugnoli, Gregorio, Di Saverio, Salomone, Khattab, Khaled, Paludi, Miguel Angel, Pata, Domenica, Cloro, Luigi Maria, Allegri, Andrea, Coccolini, Federico, Veronese, Ezio, Bortolasi, Luca, Hasheminia, Alireza, Nastri, Giacomo, Dal Canto, Massimiliano, Cucumazzo, Stefano, Benevento, Angelo, Tessera, Gaetano, Grandinetti, Pier Paolo, Maniscalco, Alessio, Lamanna, Giovanni Luca, Turati, Luca, Sgroi, Giovanni, Rausa, Emanuele, Villa, Roberta, Monteleone, Michela, Merlini, David, Grassi, Veronica, Cirocchi, Roberto, Cacurri, Alban, Waleed, Hamza, Diab, Ahmed, Elzowawi, Fathi, Jokubauskas, Mantas, Varkalys, Karolis, Pranevicius, Robertas, Ambrozeviciute, Viktorija, Juciute, Simona, Skardziukaite, Auste, Bradulskis, Saulius, Urbanavicius, Linas, Austraite, Aiste, Riauka, Romualdas, Dambrauskas, Zilvinas, Karumnas, Paulius, Urniezius, Zigmantas, Zilinskiene, Reda, Rudzenskaite, Anele, Usaityte, Ausrine, Montrimaite, Margarita, Kaselis, Nerijus, Strazdas, Andrius, Jokubonis, Kristijonas, Maceviciute, Kornelija, Beisa, Virgilijus, Strupas, Kestutis, Laugzemys, Erikas, Kolosov, Andrej, Jotautas, Valdemaras, Rakita, Ignas, Mikalauskas, Saulius, Kazanavicius, Darius, Rackauskas, Rokas, Rakauskas, Ritauras, Preckailaite, Egle, Coomber, Ross, Johnson, Kenneth, Nowers, Jennifer, Periasammy, Dineshwary, Salleh, Afizah, Das, Andre, Tze, Reuben Goh Ern, Kumar, Milaksh Nirumal, Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik, Kosai, Nik Ritza, Taher, Mustafa, Rajan, Reynu, Chong, Hoong Yin, Agius, Marija, Bezzina, Maureen, Bugeja, Roberta, Vella-Baldacchino, Martinique, Spina, Andrew, Psaila, Josephine, Francois-Coridon, Helene, Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean-Francois, Diaz-Zorrilla, Carmina, Ramos-De La Medina, Antonio, Corro-Diaz Gonzalez, Samantha, Jacobe, Mario, Mapasse, Domingos, Snyder, Elizabeth, Oumer, Ramadan, Osman, Mohammed, Mohammad, Aminu, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Sheshe, Abdulrahman, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Ibrahim, Muhammad Habib, Nasir, Abdulrasheed A., Suleiman, Siyaka Itopa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adebanjo, Ademola, Osuoji, Roland, Atobatele, Kazeem, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Williams, Omolara, Oludara, Mobolaji, Oshodi, Olabode, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Lawal, AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga, Alakaloko, Felix, Elebute, Olumide, Osinowo, Adedapo, Bode, Christopher, Adesuyi, Abidemi, Tade, Adesoji, Adekoya, Adeleke, Nwokoro, Collins, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O., Lawal, Taiwo Akeem, Ajao, Akinlabi E., Ali, Samuel Sani, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Olori, Samson, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adeniran, James, Lossius, William J., Havemann, Ingemar, Thorsen, Kenneth, Narvestad, Jon Kristian, Wold, Trude Beate, Nymo, Linn, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Dar, Manzoor, Bhopal, Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Furqan, Muhammad Mohsin, Nighat, Bakhtiar, Jawaid, Masood, Khalique, Abdul, Zil-E-Ali, Ahsan, Rashid, Anam, Dharamshi, Hasnain Abbas, Naqvi, Tahira, Faraz, Ahmad, Anwar, Abdul Wahid, Yaseen, Tahir Muhammad, Shamsi, Ghina Shamim, Shamsi, Ghina, Yaseen, Tahir, Anwer, Wahid, Paredes Decoud, Horacio, Aguilera, Omar, Zelada Alvarez, Ismael Isaac, Marcelo Delgado, Juan, Machain Vega, Gustavo Miguel, Segovia Lohse, Helmut Alfredo, Messa Aguilar, Wendy Leslie, Cabala Chiong, Jose Antonio, Manchego Bautista, Ana Cecilia, Huaman, Eduardo, Zegarra, Sergio, Camacho, Rony, Vergara Celis, Jose Maria, Romani Pozo, Diego Alonso, Hamasaki, Jose, Temoche, Edilberto, Herrera-Matta, Jaime, Garcia Torres, Carla Pierina, Alvarez Barreda, Luis Miguel, Barrionuevo Ojeda, Ronald Renato, Garaycochea, Octavio, Castro Mollo, Melanie, Linares Delgado, Mitchelle Solange De Fa Tima, Fujii, Francisco, Aranzabal Durand, Susana Yrma, Arroyo Basto, Carlos Alejandro, Urbina Rojas, Nelson Manuel, Shu Yip, Sebastian Bernardo, Contreras Vergara, Ana Lucia, Rosas Moran, Andrea Echevarria, Borda Luque, Giuliano, Rodriguez Castro, Manuel, Alvarado Jaramillo, Ramon, Manrique Sila, George, Elizabeth Lopez, Crislee, Zapata Ponze De Leon, Mardelangel, Machaca, Massiell, Coasaca Huaraya, Ronald, Arenas, Andy, Lopez, Crislee, Herrera Puma, Clara Milagros, Pino, Wilfredo, Hinojosa, Christian, Zapata Ponze De Leon, Melanie, Limache, Susan, Manrrique Sila, George, Mercado Rodriguez, Layza-Alejandra, Melo, Renato, Costa-Maia, Jose, Muralha, Nuno, Sauvat, Frederique, Dan, Ionasc, Hogea, Mircea, Eduard, Pandi, Bratu, Razvan-Matei, Beuran, Mircea, Diaconescu, Ionut-Bogdan, Martian, Bogdan-Valeriu, Iordache, Florin-Mihail, Vartic, Mihaela, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Muntean, Liviu Iuliu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Nsengimana, Vizir Jean Paul, Niragire, Alice, Ingabire, Jean De La Croix Allen, Niyirera, Eugene, Zanini, Nicola, Jovine, Elio, Landolfo, Giovanni, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Enas, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al-shammari, Abeer, Al-Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al-Faifi, Jubran J., Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Kretzmann, Hayden, Connor, Katie, Nel, Daniel, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Sishuba, Nosisa, Tun, Myint, Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale, Carreira, Jo-Anne, Wagener, Mark, Botes, Stefan, Du Plessis, Danelo, Fernandez-Bueno, Fernando, Aguilar-Jimenez, Jose, Andres Garcia-Marin, Jose, Solar Garcia, Lorena, Garcia Florez, Luis Joaquin, Arias Pacheco, Ruben Dario, Pagnozzi, Janet, Jara Quezada, Jimy Harold, Luis Rodicio, Jose, Minguez, German, Rodriguez-Uria, Raquel, Ugalde, Paul, Lopez-Arevalo, Camilo, Barneo, Luis, Gonzales Stuva, Jessica Patricia, Ortega-Vazquez, Irene, Rodriguez, Lorena, Herrera, Norberto, Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala, Senanayake, Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha, Arachchige, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya, Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya, Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha, Thanusan, Vimalakanthan, Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid, Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan, Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad, Ali, Hussein, Elabdin, Hagir Zain, Hassan, Alaa, Mahdi, Sefeldin, Ahmed, Hala, Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag, Elsayed, Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Boijsen, Magnus, Lundgren, Per-Olof, Gustafsson, Ulf, Kiasat, Ali, Wogensen, Fredrik, Jurdell, Emma, Thorell, Anders, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Utter, Maria, Sundstrom, Sami Martin, Wredberg, Cecilia, Kjellin, Ann, Nyberg, Johanna, Frisk, Bjorn, Sund, Malin, Andersson, Linda, Gunnarsson, Ulf, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Bjorklund, Ida, Royson, Hanna, Weber, Per, Pahlsson, Hans-Ivar, Borin, Eva, Hjertberg, Maria, Schmid, Roger, Schivo, Debora, Despotidis, Vasileios, Breitenstein, Stefan, Staerkle, Ralph F., Schadde, Erik, Deichsel, Fabian, Gerosa, Alexandra, Nocito, Antonio, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Mijuskovic, Barbara, Zuber, Markus, Eisner, Lukas, Kruspi, Swantje, Reinisch, Katharina Beate, Schoewe, Christin, Novak, Allan, Palma, Adrian F., Teufelberger, Gerfried, Kimaro, Msafiri, King, Rachel, Balkan, Ali Zeynel Abidin, Gumar, Mehmet, Yavuz, Mehmet Ali, Karabacak, Ufuk, Lap, Gokhan, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Karakahya, Murat, Adams, Ryan, Morton, Robert, Henderson, Liam, Gratton, Ruth, Clement, Keiran David, Chang, Kate Yu-Ching, Mcnish, David, Mcintosh, Ryan, Milligan, William, Skelly, Brendan, Anderson-Knight, Hannah, Lawther, Roger, Onimowo, Jemina, Shatkar, Veereanna, Tharmalingam, Shivanee, Woin, Evelina, Fautz, Tessa, Ziff, Oliver, Dindyal, Shiva, Arman, Sam, Talukder, Shagorika, Gadhvi, Vijay, Chew, Luen Shaun, Heath, Jonathan, Blencowe, Natalie, Hallam, Sally, Mannu, Gurdeep Singh, Zachariades, Dimitris-Christos, Snaith, Ailsa Claire, Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath, Nesaratnam, Arjun, Wheeler, James, McCullagh, Darragh, Clements, Joshua Michael, Khan, Ata, Koumpa, Foteini, Neophytou, Christina, Roth, Jessica, Soon, Wai Cheong, Deputy, Mohammed, Ahmed, Ahmed, Ashton, Annelisse, Vincent, Joe, Almy, Jack, Khan, Taufiq, Allen, John Lee Y., Mcintyre, Charlotte Jane, Marshall, Dominic Charles, Sykes, Mark, Behar, Nebil, Jordan, Harriet, Rajjoub, Yaseen, Sherman, Thomas, White, Timothy, Watts, Anna, Ardley, Rohan, Arulampalam, Tan, 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N., Swann, Joanna, Richards, James, Jabbar, Aijaz, Attard, Myranda, Burns, Hannah, Macdonald, Euan, Baldacchino, Matthew, Skehan, Jennifer, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Hall, Tom Falconer, Gimzewska, Madelaine, Mclachlan, Greta, Shah, Jamie, Giles, James, Chiu, Selina, Weber, Beatrix, Chiu, Selina Man Yeng, Highcock, Saskia, Hassan, Maleeha, Beasley, William, Vlachogiorgos, Apostolos, Dias, Stephen, Maharaj, Geta, Mcdonald, Rosie, Macdonald, Alisdair, Witherspoon, Paul, Baird, Alan, Sarmah, Panchali, Green, Nikki, Youssef, Haney, Cross, Kate, Rees, Clare M., Van Duren, Bernard, Upchurch, Emma, Khan, Khurram, Abudeeb, Haytham, Hammad, Ahmed, Karandikar, Sharad, Bowley, Doug, Karim, Ahmed, Chachulski, Witold, Richardson, Liam, Dawnay, Giles, Thompson, Ben, Mistry, Ajayesh, Ghetia, Millika, Roy, Sudipta, Al-Obaedi, Ossama, Das, Kaustuv, Prabhudesai, Ash, Cocker, D. M., Tan, Jessica Juliana, Tyler, Robert, Di Franco, Filippo, Ayyar, Shruti, Vivekanantham, Sayinthen, Gokani, Shyam, Gillespie, Michael, Gudlaugsdottir, Katrin, Pezas, Theodore, Currow, Chelise, Kim, Matthew Young-Han, Birring, Amerdip, Edwards, Joanne, Ali, Ased, Das, Suparna, Jha, Madan, Atkinson, Kieran, Luck, Joshua, Fozard, Thomas, Puttick, Michael, Salama, Yahya, Shah, Rohi, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Gravante, Gianpiero, El-Rabaa, Saleem, Nnajiuba, Henry, Allott, Rebecca, Bhargava, Aman, Chan, Zoe, Hassan, Zaffar, Makinde, Misty, Hemingway, David, Dean, Ramzana, Boddy, Alexander, Aber, Ahmed, Patel, Vijay, Parakh, Jehangirshaw, Parthiban, Sunil, Ubhi, Harmony Kaur, Hosein, Simon-Peter, Ward, Simon, Malik, Kamran, Jennings, Leifa, Newton, Tom, Alkhouri, Mirna, Kang, Min Kyu, Houlden, Christopher, Barry, Jonathan, Raza, Imtanan, Farquharson, Alistair, Bhattacharya, Sanjeet, Chang, Kate, Wilson, Michael S. J., Neo, Yan Ning, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Chan, Emily, Peck, Fraser S., Lim, Pei J., North, Alexander S., Blundell, Rebecca, Williamson, Adam, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, Mccarthy, Kathryn, Court, Emma, Chambers, Alice, Yee, Jenna, Tham, Ji Chung, Beaton, Ceri, Walsh, Una, Lockey, Joseph, Bokhari, Salman, Howells, Lara, Griffiths, Megan, Yallop, Laura, Singh, Shailinder, Nasher, Omar, Jackson, Paul, Shariffuddin, Abdul Muiz, Ho, Weng Chee, Pabla, Gurpreet, Ramzi, Saed, Zeidan, Shady, Doughty, Jennifer, Sinha, Sidhartha, Davenport, Ross, Lewis, Jason, Duffy, Leo, Mcaleer, Elizabeth, Williams, Eleanor, Som, Robin, Javed, Omar, Boal, Matthew, Harrison, Nicola, Tafazal, Habib, Brogden, Tom, Griffiths, Ewen, Obute, Rhalumi Daniel, Glover, Thomas E., Clark, David J., Boshnaq, Mohamed, Akhtar, Mansoor, Capleton, Pascale, Doughan, Samer, Rabie, Mohamed, Mohamed, Ismail, Samuel, Duncan, Dickson, Lauren, Kennedy, Matthew, Dempster, Eleanor, Brown, Emma, Maple, Natalie, Monaghan, Eimear, Wolf, Bernhard, Garland, Alicia, Mcphee, Arthur, Anderson, David, Anderson, Robert, Hassan, Sarah, Smith, Dave, Lund, Jonathan, Boereboom, Catherine, Murphy, Jennifer, Tierney, Gillian, Tou, Samson, Zimmermann, Eleanor Franziska, Smart, Neil James, Warwick, Andrea Marie, Stasinou, Theodora, Daniels, Ian, Findlay-Cooper, Kim, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Ray, Swayamjyoti, Varcada, Massimo, D'Souza, Rovan, Omara, Sharif, Spurr, Matthew, Parkinson, Lucienne, Hanks, Anthony, Ma, Jennifer, Abington, Emily, Ramcharn, Meera, Williams, Gethin, Winstanley, Joseph, Kennedy, Ewan D., Yeung, Emily N. W., Jones, Catrin, O'neill, Stephen, Lim, Shujing Jane, Liew, Ignatius, Nair, Hari, Oh, Julia, Koh, Samantha, Wilson, Andrew, Fairfield, Catherine, Anandkumar, Delran, Kirupagaran, Ashok, Jones, Timothy F., Torrance, Hew Dt, Fowler, Alexander J., Chandrakumar, Charmilie, Patel, Priyank, Ashraf, Syed Faaz, Lakhani, Sonam M., Mclean, Aaron Lawson, Basson, Sonia, Batt, Jeremy, Bowman, Catriona, Benons, Natasha, Mason, Clare, Harrison, Rebecca, Quayle, John, Barker, Tom, Summerour, Virginia, Harper, Edward, Smith, Caroline, Hampton, Matthew, Pitt, Sophie K., Ward, Alex E., O'Connor, Timothy, Heywood, Emily G., Chowdhury, Abeed, Hossaini, Sina, Watson, Nicholas Fs, Farah, Ayaan, Chun, Anita, Koh, Hoey, Lim, Grace, Sunderland, Graham, Gould, Laura, Munipalle, P. C., Rooney, H., Browning, D. R. L., Pereira, Bernadette, Nemeth, Kristof, Decker, Emily, Giuliani, Stefano, Shalaby, Aly, Shaikh, Shafaque, Tan, Chern Yan, Palkhi, Ebrahim Y. A., Szczap, Aleksandra, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chen, Chee Yang, Kulasabanathan, Kavian, Chhabra, Srishti, Kostov, Elisabeth, Harbord, Philippe, Barnacle, James, Palliyil, Madan Mohan, Zikry, Mina, Porter, Johnathan, Raslan, Charef, Hafiz, Shazia, Soltani, Niksa, Baillie, Katie, Singh, Priyanka, Sheth, Shailee, Patel, Kishen, Khalili, Mahry, Choi, Jeesoo, Benger, Matthew, Marples, Lucy, Macfarlane, Alastair, Thurairaja, Ramesh, Boyce, Tamsin, Whewell, Harriet, Jones, Elin, Th'ng, Francesca, Robertson, Nichola, Mirza, Ahmad, Saeed, Haroon, Galloway, Simon, Elena, Gia, Afzal, Mohammad, Zakir, Mohamed, Sodde, Peter, Hand, Charles, Sriram, Aiesha, Clark, Tamsyn, Livesey, Amy, Sinha, Yashashwi, Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba, Bharj, Indervir Singh, Rotundo, Adriana, Jenvey, Cara, Slade, Robert, Golding, David, Haines, Samuel, Abdullah, Ali Adel Ne'ma, Tilston, Thomas W., Loughran, Dafydd, Donoghue, Danielle, Giacci, Lorenzo, Sherif, Mohamed Ashur, Harrison, Peter, Tang, Alethea, Kotecha, Deevia, Elshaer, Mohamed, Urbonas, Tomas, Riaz, Amjid, Chapman, Annie, Acharya, Parisha, Shalhoub, Joseph, Grossart, Cathleen, McMorran, David, Mlotshwa, Makhosini, Hawkins, William, Loizides, Sofronis, Krishna, Kandaswamy, Orchard, Melanie, Ho, Chik Wai, Thomson, Peter, Khan, Shahab, Taylor, Fiona, Shukla, Jalak, Howie, Emma Elizabeth, Macdonald, K. Linda, Komolafe, Olusegun, Mcintyre, Neil, Cragg, James, Parker, Jody, Stewart, Duncan, Lintin, Luke, Tracy, Julia, Farooq, Tahir, Molina, George, Kaafarani, Haytham, Beyene, Robel, Sava, Jack, Scott, Mark, Swaroop, Mamta, Kennedy, Raelene, Azodo, Ijeoma A., Heffernan, Daithi, Chun, Tristen, Stephen, Andrew, Sion, Melanie, Weinstein, Michael S., Punja, Viren, Bugaev, Nikolay, Goodstein, Monica, Razmdjou, Shadi, Etchill, Eric, Puyana, Juan Carlos, Kesinger, Matthew, Napolitano, Lena, To, Kathleen, Hemmila, Mark, Todd, K. Oliver, Jenner, Edward, Hoogakker, Ellen, Grizhja, Besmir, Ymeri, Shpetim, Galiqi, Gezim, Klappenbach, Roberto, Antezana, Diego, Beleno, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza, Costa, Cecilia, Sanchez, Belen, Aviles, Susan, Fermani, Claudio Gabriel, Villalobos, Santiago, Carmona, Juan Manuel, Hamill, Daniel, Deutschmann, Peter, Sandler, Simone, Cox, Daniel, Nataraja, Ram, Sharpin, Claire, Ljuhar, Damir, Gray, Demi, Haines, Morgan, Iyer, Dush, Niranjan, Nithya, D'Amours, Scott, Ashtari, Morvarid, Franco, Helena, Karim, Sabbir, Aman, Nowrin F., Estee, Mahnuma Mahfuz, Salma, Umme, Razzaque, Joyeta, Kanta, Tasnia Hamid, Tori, Sayeeda Aktar, Alamin, Shadid, Roy, Swapnil, Al Amin, Shadid, Karim, Rezaul, Haque, Muhtarima, Faruq, Amreen, Iftekhar, Farhana, O'Shea, Margaret, Padmore, Greg, Jonnalagadda, Ramesh, Litvin, Andrey, Filatau, Aliaksandr, Paulouski, Dzmitry, Shubianok, Maryna, Shachykava, Tatsiana, Khokha, Dzianis, Khokha, Vladimir, Djivoh, Fernande, Dossou, Francis, Seto, Djifid Morel, Gbessi, Dansou Gaspard, Noukpozounkou, Bruno, Keke, Kpemahouton Rene, Hodonou, Fred, Ahounou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane, Alihonou, Thierry, Denakpo, Max, Ahlonsou, Germain, Bedada, Alemayehu Ginbo, Nsengiyumva, Carlos, Kwizera, Sandrine, Barendegere, Venerand, Choi, Philip, Jamal, Luai, Chen, Tzu-Ling, Yip, Chingwan, Zapata, Felipe, Lanau, Maria Isabel Villegas, Arango, Maria Clara Mendoza, Restrepo, Ivan Mendoza, Giraldo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo, Youssef, Mohamed, Thabet, Waleed, Sanad, Aly, Zaki, Ahmed, Abdel-Hameed, Noran, Mostafa, Mohamed, Omar, Muhammad Fathi Waleed, Ghanem, Ahmed, Denewar, Adel, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Eman, Sakr, Ahmad, Elashry, Rehab, Emile, Sameh, Khafagy, Toqa, Elhamouly, Sara, Elfarargy, Arwa, Mohamed, Amna Mamdouh, Nagy, Ghada Saied, Esam, Abeer, Elwy, Eman, Hammad, Aya, Khallaf, Salwa, Ibrahim, Eman, Saidbadr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Ahmed, EldosoukyMohammed, Amany, Elgheriany, Mohammed, Abdelmageed, Eman, Al Raouf, Eman Abd, Elbanby, Esraa Samir, Elmasry, Maha, Farahat, Mahitab Morsy, Mansor, Eman Yahya, Hegazy, Eman Magdy, Gamal, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Kandil, Hend, Abdelrouf, Doaa Maher, Moaty, Mohamed, Gamal, Dina, El-Sagheer, Nada, Salah, Mohamed, Magdy, Salma, Salah, Asmaa, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Badawy, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Sara, Mohamed, Mazed, Assal, Abdelrahman, Sleem, Mohamed, Ebidy, Mai, Elrazek, Aly Abd, Zahran, Diaaaldin, Adam, Nourhan, Nazir, Mohamed, Hassanein, Adel B., Ismail, Ahmed, Elsawy, Amira, Mamdouh, Rana, Mabrouk, Mohamed, Ahmed, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed, Alnaby, Mohamed Hassab, Magdy, Eman, Abd-Elmawla, Manar, Fahim, Marwan, Mowafy, Bassant, Mahmoud, Moustafa Ibrahim, Allam, Meran, Alkelani, Muhammad, El Gendy, Noran Halim, Aboul-Naga, Mariam Saad, El-Din, Reham Alaa, Elgendy, Alyaa Halim, Ismail, Mohamed, Shalaby, Mahmoud, Elsharkawy, Aya Adel, Moghazy, Mahmoud Elsayed, Elbisomy, Khaled Hesham, Shakshouk, Hend Adel Gawad, Hamed, Mohamed Fouad, Ebidy, Mai Mohamed, Ahmed, Hayam, Adel, Israa, Omar, Mohammad Elsayed, Ibrahim, Mohamed, Ghoneim, Omar, Hesham, Omar, Gamal, Shimaa, Hilal, Karim, Arafa, Omar, Awad, Sawsan Adel, Salem, Menatalla, Elsherif, Fawzia Abdellatif, Elsabbagh, Nourhan, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R., Rida, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad, Hossameldin, Amr, Hany, Ethar, Asar, Yomna Hosny, Anwar, Nourhan, Gadelkarim, Mohamed, Abdelhady, Samar, Morshedy, Eman Mohamed, Saad, Reham, Soliman, Nourhan, Salama, Mahmoud, Ezzat, Eslam, Mohamed, Arwa, Ibrahim, Arwa, Fergany, Alaa, Mohammed, Sara, Reda, Aya, Allam, Yomna, Saad, Hanan Adel, Abdelfatah, Afnan, Fathy, Aya Mohamed, El-Sehily, Ahmed, Kasem, Esraa Abdalmageed, Hassan, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset, Mohammed, Ahmed Rabeih, Saad, Abdalla Gamal, Ibrahim, Arij, Hassaan, Amr, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa, Elhoseny, Ghada, Magdy, Mohamed, Elkhalek, Esraa Abd, Zakaria, Yehia, Ezzat, Tarek, El Dahab, Ali Abo, Kelany, Mohamed, Arafa, Sara, Hassan, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed, Badwi, Nermin Mohamed, Sleem, Ahmad Saber, Ahmed, Hussien, Abdelbadeai, Kholoud, Abdullah, Mohamed Abozed, Lokman, Muhammad Amsyar Auni, Bahar, Suraya, Abdelazeam, Anan Rady, Adelshone, Abdelrahman, Bin Hasnan, Muhammad, Zulkifli, Athirah, Kamarulzamil, Siti Nur Alia, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz, Latif, Aliang, Bin Adnan, Ahmad, Shaharuddin, Shahadatul, Majid, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul, Al-Marakby, Dina, Bin Ismail, Mohamad Jeffrey, Basir, Elissa Rifhan Mohd, Ali, Citra Dewi Mohd, Ata, Aya Yehia, Nasr, Maha, Rezq, Asmaa, Sheta, Ahmed, Tariq, Sherif, Sallam, Abd Elkhalek, Darwish, Abdelrhman K. Z., Elmihy, Sohaila, Elhadry, Shady, Farag, Ahmed, Hajeh, Haidar, Abdelaal, Abdelaziz, Aglan, Amro, Zohair, Ahmed, Essam, Mahitab, Moussa, Omar, El-Gizawy, Esraa, Samy, Mostafa, Ali, Safia, Elhalawany, Esraa, Ata, Ahmed, El Halawany, Mohamed, Nashat, Mohamed, Soliman, Samar, Elazab, Alaa, Samy, Mostada, Abdelaziz, Mohamed A., Ibrahim, Khaled, Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed, Gado, Ammar, Eldeen, Esraa Alm, loaloa, Mohamed Reda, Abouzaid, Arwa, Eldin, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa, Hashad, Eman, Sroor, Fathy, Gamil, Doaa, Abdulhakeem, Eman Mahmoud, Zakaria, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Fawzy, Abubakr, Marwan, Ali, Elsayed, Magdy, Hesham, Refaat, Ahmed, Ramadan, Menna Tallah, Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelaty, Mansour, Salma, Amin, Hager Abdul Aziz, Mohamed, Ahmed Rabie, Saami, Mahmoud, Elsayed, Nada Ahmed Reda, Tarek, Adham, Mahmoud, Sabry Mohy Eldeen, El Sayed, Islam Magdy, Reda, Amira, Shawky, Martina Yusuf, Salem, Mohammed Mousa, El-Din, Shahinaz Alaa, Soliman, Noha Abdullah, Talaat, Muhammed, Alaael-Dein, Shahinaz, Elhusseiny, Ahmed Abd Elmoen, Abdullah, Noha, Elshaar, Mohammed, Ibraheem, Aya Abdel Fatah, Abdulaziz, Hager, Ismail, Mohammed Kamal, Madkor, Mona Hamdy, Abdelaty, Mohamed, Abdel-Kader, Sara Mahmoud, Salah, Osama Mohamed, Eldafrawy, Mahmoud, Eldeeb, Ahmed Zaki, Eid, Mostafa Mahmoud, Attia, Attia, Shwky, Ayman, Badenjki, Mohamed Adel, Soliman, Abdelrahman, Al Attar, Samaa Mahmoud, Sayed, Farrag, Sabour, Fahd Abdel, Azizeldine, Mohammed G., Shawqi, Muhammad, Hashim, Abdullah, Aamer, Ahmed, Abdelraouf, Ahmed Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Mahmoud, Ibrahim, Amal, Mahmoud, Basma, Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali, Qenawy, Mostafa, Rashed, Ahmed M., Dahy, Ahmed, Sayed, Marwa, Shamsedine, Ahmed W., Mohamed, Bakeer, Hasan, Ahmad, Saad, Mahmoud M., Bassit, Khalil Abdul, El-Latif, Nadia KhalidAbd, Elzahed, Nada, El Kashash, Ahmed, Bekhet, Nada Mohamed, Hafez, Sarah, Gad, Ahmed, Maher, Mahmoud Elkhadragy, Elsameea, Ahmed Abd, Hafez, Mohamed, Sabe, Ahmad, Ahmed, Ataa, Shahine, Ahmed, Dawood, Khaled, Gaafar, Shireen, Husseiny, Reem, Aboelmagd, Omnia, Soliman, Ahmed, Mesbah, Nourhan, Emadeldin, Hossam, Al Meligy, Amgad, Bekhet, Amira Hassan, Hasan, Doaa, Alhady, Khaled, Sabe, Ahmad Khaled, Elnajjar, Mahmoud A., Aboelella, Majed, Hamsho, Ward, Hassan, Ihab, Saad, Hala, Abdelazim, Galaleldin, Mahmoud, Hend, Wael, Noha, Kandil, Ahmedali M., Magdy, Ahmed, Elkholy, Shimaa Said, Adel, Badr Eldin, Dabbour, Kareem, Elsherbiney, Saged, Mattar, Omar, Abdrabou, Abdulshafi Khaled, Aly, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed, Geuoshy, Abdelrahman, Elnagar, Ahmedglal, Ahmed, Saraibrahim, Abdelmotaleb, Ibrahem, Saleh, Amr Ahmed, Saeed, Manar, Mahmoud, Shady, Tawfik, Badreldin Adel, Ismail, Samar Adel, Zakaria, Esraay, Gad, Mariam O., Elhelbawy, Mohamed Salah, Bassem, Monica, Maraie, Noha, Elhadary, Nourhan Medhat, Semeda, Nourhan, Mohamed, Shaza Rabie, Bakry, Hesham Mohammed, Essam, A. A., Tarek, Dina, Ashour, Khlood, Elhadad, Alaa, Abdel-Aty, Abdulrahman, Rakha, Ibrahim, Matter, Sara Mamdouh, Abdelhamed, Rasha, Abdelkader, Omar, Hassaan, Ayat, Soliman, Yasmin, Mohamed, Amna, Farouk, Sara Amr Mohamed, Ibrahim, Eman Mohamed, El-Taher, Esraa, Mostafa, Merna, Badr, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous, Elsemelawy, Rofida, El-Sawy, Aya, Bakr, Ahmad, Al Rafati, Ahmad Abdel Razaq, Saar, Sten, Reinsoo, Arvo, Seyoum, Nebyou, Worku, Tewodros, Fitsum, Agazi, Tolonen, Matti, Parmentier, Benoit, Dardenne, Sabrina, Robert, Elsa, Maillot, Betty, Courboin, Etienne, Hascoet, Juliette, Kaci, Amir Ait, Prudhomme, Thomas, Ballouhey, Quentin, Grosos, Celine, Fourcade, Laurent, Cecilia, Tolg, Jean-Francois, Colombani, Helene, Francois-Coridon, Delforge, Xavier, Haraux, Elodie, Dousset, Bertrand, Schiavone, Roberto, Gaujoux, Sebastien, Marret, Jean-Baptiste, Haffreingue, Aurore, Rod, Julien, Renaux-Petel, Mariette, Lecompte, Jean-Francois, Breaud, Jean, Gastaldi, Pauline, Taieb, Chouikh, Claire, Raquillet, Anis, Echaieb, Bustangi, Nasir, Lopez, Manuel, Grella, Maria Giovanna, Mariani, Aurora, Broch, Aline, Bandoh, Dickson, Kyereh, Martin, Asumah, Hamza, Appiah, Eric Kofi, Wondoh, Paul, Gyedu, Adam, Dally, Charles, Agbedinu, Kwabena, Amoah, Michael, Yifieyeh, Abiboye, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel, Dayie, Makafui, Hagan, Richmond, Debrah, Sam, Ohene-Yeboah, Micheal, Clegg-Lampety, Joe-Nat, Etwire, Victor, Dakubo, Jonathan, Essoun, Samuel, Bonney, William, Glover-Addy, Hope, Osei-Nketiah, Samuel, Amoako, Joachim, Adu-Aryee, Niiarmah, Appeadu-Mensah, William, Bediako-Bowan, Antoinette, Dedey, Florence, Ekow, Mattew, Akatibo, Emmanuel, Yakubu, Musah, Kordorwu, Hope Edem Kofi, Asare-Bediako, Kwasi, Tackie, Enoch, Aaniana, Kenneth, Acquah, Emmanuel, Opoku-Agyeman, Richard, Avoka, Anthony, Kusi, Kwasi, Maison, Kwame, Gyamfi, Frank Enoch, Barnabas, Gandau Naa, Abdul-Latif, Saiba, Amoako, Philip Taah, Davor, Anthony, Dassah, Victor, Dagoe, Enoch, Kwakyeafriyie, Prince, Akoto, Elliot, Ackom, Eric, Mensah, Ekow, Atkins, Ebenezer Takyi, Coompson, Christian Lari, Ivros, Nikolaos, Ferousis, Christoforos, Kalles, Vasileios, Kyriazanos, Ioannis, Barkolias, Christos, Tselos, Angelos, Tzikos, Georgios, Voulgaris, Evangelos, Bamicha, Athanasia, Stefanopoulos, Anastasios, Patoulias, Ioannis, Sfougaris, Dimitrios, Valioulis, Ioannis, Balalis, Dimitrios, Korkolis, Dimitrios, Manatakis, Dimitrios K., Kyrou, Georgios, Karabelias, Georgios, Papaskarlatos, Iason-Antonios, Konstantina, Kolonia, Zampitis, Nikolaos, Papailia, Aspasia, Theodosopoulos, Theodosios, Gkiokas, Georgios, Mitroudi, Magdalini, Panteli, Christina, Feidantsis, Thomas, Farmakis, Konstantinos, Kyziridis, Dimitrios, Ioannidis, Orestis, Parpoudi, Styliani, Parasyris, Stavros, Margaritis, Michail, Aguilera-Arevalo, Maria-Lorena, Coyoy-Gaitan, Otto, Rosales, Javier, Tale, Luis, Barrios, Emmanuel, Rodriguez, Servio Tulio Torres, Galvez, Carlos Paz, Cruz, Danilo Herrera, Rosenberg, Guillermo Sanchez, Matheu, Alejandro, Cohen, David Monterroso, Paul, Marie, Charles, Angeline, Lam, Justin Chak Yiu, Yeung, Man Hon Andrew, Fok, Chi Ying Jacquelyn, Li, Ka Hin Gabriel, Lai, Anthony Chuk-Him, Cheung, Yuk Hong Eric, Wong, Hong Yee, Leung, Ka Wai, Lee, Tien Seng Bryan, Lam, Wai Him, Dao, Weihei, Kwok, Stephanie Hiu-wai, Chan, Tsz-Yan Katie, Ng, Yung Kok, Mak, T. W. C., Foo, Chi Chung, Yang, James, Bhatnagar, Ankur, Upadhyaya, Vijaid, Muddebihal, Uday, Dar, Wasim, Janardha, K. C., Aruldas, Neerav, Adella, Fidelis Jacklyn, Rulie, Anthonius Santoso, Iskandar, Ferdy, Setiawan, Jonny, Evajelista, Cicilia Viany, Natalie, Hani, Suyadi, Arlindawati, Gunawan, Rudy, Karismaningtyas, Herlin, Mata, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih, Andika, Ferry Fitriya Ayu, Hasanah, Afifatun, Widiastini, T. Ariani, Purwaningsih, Nurlaila Ayu, Mukin, Annisa Dewi Fitriana, Rahmah, Dina Faizatur, Nurqistan, Hazmi Dwinanda, Arsyad, Hasbi Maulana, Adhitama, Novia, Jeo, Wifanto Saditya, Sutandi, Nathania, Clarissa, Audrey, Gultom, Phebe Anggita, Billy, Matthew, Haloho, Andreass, Johanna, Nadya, Lee, Felix, Dorani, Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin, Glynn, Martha, Alherz, Mohammad, Goh, Wennweoi, Shiwani, Haaris A., Sproule, Lorraine, Conlon, Kevin C., Bala, Miklosh, Kedar, Asaf, Bianco, Federica, Steccanella, Francesca, Gallo, Gaetano, Trompetto, Mario, Clerico, Giuseppe, Papandrea, Matteo, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sacco, Rosario, Giavarini, Luisa, Giglio, Mariano Cesare, Bucci, Luigi, Pagano, Gianluca, Sollazzo, Viviana, Peltrini, Roberto, Luglio, Gaetano, Birindelli, Arianna, Mingrone, Pietro, Selvaggi, Francesco, Selvaggi, Lucio, Pellino, Gianluca, Di Martino, Natale, Curletti, Gianluca, Aonzo, Paolo, Galleano, Raffaele, Berti, Stefano, Francone, Elisa, Boni, Silvia, Lorenzon, Laura, lo Conte, Annalisa, Balducci, Genoveffa, Confalonieri, Gianmaria, Pesenti, Giovanni, Gavagna, Laura, Vasquez, Giorgio, Targa, Simone, Occhionorelli, Savino, Andreotti, Dario, Armellini, Andrea, Chiesa, Deborah, Aquilino, Fabrizio, Chetta, Nicola, Picciariello, Arcangelo, Abdelkhalek, Mohamed, Belli, Andrea, De Franciscis, Silvia, Bigaran, Annamaria, Favero, Alessandro, Basso, Stefano M. M., Salusso, Paola, Perino, Martina, Mochet, Sylvie, Sasia, Diego, Riente, Francesco, Migliore, Marco, Basilico, Silvia, Corbellini, Carlo, Lazzari, Veronica, Angelieri, Daniele, Coletta, Diego, Falaschi, Federica, Catani, Marco, Reali, Claudia, Malavenda, Mariastella, Del Basso, Celeste, Ribaldi, Sergio, Coletti, Massimo, Natili, Andrea, Depalma, Norma, Iannone, Immacolata, Antoniozzi, Angelo, Rossi, Davide, Gui, Daniele, Perrotta, Gerardo, Ripa, Matteo, Giardino, Francesco Ruben, Foco, Maurizio, Vicario, Erika, Nita, Gabriela Elisa, Leone, Nicoletta, Simioni, Andrea, De Boni, Davide, Pasquali, Sandro, Goldin, Elena, Vendramin, Elena, Ciccioli, Eleonora, Tedeschi, Umberto, Violi, Paola, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Conci, Simone, Lazzari, Giovanni, Iacono, Calogero, Gulielmi, Alfredo, Manfreda, Serena, Rinaldi, Anna, Ringressi, Maria Novella, Brunoni, Beatrice, Salamone, Giuseppe, Mangiapane, Mirko, De Marco, Paolino, La Brocca, Antonella, Tutino, Roberta, Silvestri, Vania, Licari, Leo, Fontana, Tommaso, Falco, Nicolo, Cocorullo, Gianfranco, Shalaby, Mostafa, Sileri, Pierpaolo, Arcudi, Claudio, Bsisu, Isam, Aljboor, Khaled, Abusalem, Lana, Alnusairat, Aseel, Qaissieh, Ahmad, Al-Dakka, Emad, Ababneh, Ali, Halhouli, Oday, Yusufali, Taha, Mohammed, Hussein, Lando, Justus, Parker, Robert, Ndegwa, Wairimu, Gribauskaite, Jolanta, Kuliavas, Justas, Dulskas, Audrius, Samalavicius, Narimantas E., Jasaitis, Kristijonas, Parseliunas, Audrius, Nevieraite, Viktorija, Slapelyte, Evelina, Dainius, Edvinas, Subocius, Andrejus, Venclauskas, Linas, Gulbinas, Antanas, Kasputyte, Simona, Mikuckyte, Deimante, Kiudelis, Mindaugas, Jankus, Tomas, Petrikenas, Steponas, Pazuskis, Matas, Vilcinskas, Mantas, Banaitis, Vincas Jonas, Gaizauskas, Vytautas, Grisin, Edvard, Mazrimas, Povilas, Drungilas, Mantas, Lagunavicius, Karolis, Lipnickas, Vytautas, Majauskyte, Dovile, Abaliksta, Tomas, Uscinas, Laimonas, Simutis, Gintaras, Ladukas, Adomas, Danys, Donatas, Sruogiene, Elena Zdanyte, Visinskas, Petras, Dragatas, Deividas, Burmistrovas, Andrius, Tverskis, Zygimantas, Vaicius, Arturas, Mazelyte, Ruta, Zadoroznas, Antanas, Ziubryte, Greta, Rahantasoa, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence, Samison, Luc Herve, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Fanjandrainy, Tolotra, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina, Mukuzunga, Cornelius, Kwatiwani, Chimwemwe, Msiska, Nelson, Chai, Feng Yih, Asilah, Siti Mohd Desa, Syibrah, Khuzaimah Zahid, Chin, Pui Xin, Riswan, Nur Zulaika, Chong, Hoong-Yin, Aziz, Nora Abdul, Poh, Keat-Seong, Chai, Chu-Ann, Kumar, Sandip, Taher, Mustafa Mohammed, Aziz, Dayang Nita Abdul, Julaihi, Rokayah, Jethwani, Durvesh Lacthman, Yahaya, Muhammad Taqiyuddin, Mathew, Susan Wndy, Chung, Kuet Jun, Nirumal, Milaksh Kumar, Tze, R. Goh Ern, Ali, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan, Gan, Yiing Yee, Ting, Jesse Ron Swire, Sii, Samuel S. Y., Koay, Kean Leong, Tan, Yi Koon, Cheah, Alvin Ee Zhiun, Wong, Chui Yee, Mat, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan, Chow, Crystal Yern Nee, Har, Prisca A. L., Der, Yishan, Henry, Fitjerald, Low, Xinwei, Neo, Ya Theng, Heng, Hian Ee, Kong, Shu Ning, Gan, Cheewei, Mok, Yi Ting, Tan, Yee Wen, Palayan, Kandasami, Tata, Mahadevan Deva, Cheong, Yih Jeng, Gunaseelan, Kuhaendran, Nasir, Wan Nurul'Ain Wan Mohd, Yoganathan, Pigeneswaren, Lee, Eu Xian, Saw, Jian Er, Yeang, Li Jing, Koh, Pei Ying, Lim, Shyang Yee, Teo, Shuang Yi, Grech, Nicole, Magri, Daniela, Cassar, Kristina, Mizzi, Christine, Falzon, Malcolm, Shaikh, Nihaal, Scicluna, Ruth, Zammit, Stefan, Mizzi, Sean, Brincat, Svetlana Doris, Tembo, Thelma, Le, Vu Thanh Hien, Grima, Tara, Sammut, Keith, Carabott, Kurt, Zarb, Ciskje, Navarro, Andre, Dimech, Thea, Camilleri, Georgette Marie, Bertuello, Isaac, Dalli, Jeffrey, Bonavia, Karl, Corro-Diaz, Samantha, Manriquez-Reyes, Marisol, la Medina, Antonio Ramos-De, Abdelhamid, Amina, Hrora, Abdelmalek, Benammi, Sarah, Bachri, Houda, Abbouch, Meryem, Boukhal, Khaoula, Bennai, Redouane Mammar, Belkouchi, Abdelkader, Jabal, Mohamed Sobhi, Benyaiche, Chaymae, Vermaas, Maarten, Duinhouwer, Lucia, Pastora, Javier, Wood, Greta, Merlo, Maria Soledad, Ajao, Akinlabi, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Lawal, Taiwo, Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemiu, Alada, Muslimat, Nasir, Abdulrasheed, Habeeb, Olufemi, Mendel, Henry, Bello, Bashir, Muktar, Umar, Olajide, Thomas Olagboyega, Oshati, Oyindamola, Ihediwa, George, Adenekan, Babajide, Nwinee, Victor, Lawal, Abdulrazzaq, Bode, Chris, Olugbemi, Mojolaoluwa, Odutola, Oluwatomi, Adebola, Oluwaseyi, Onuoha, Clement, Balogun, Fatai, Ajai, Olalekan, Njokanma, Iloba, Kache, Stephen, Ajah, Jonathan, Makama, Jerry, Adamu, Ahmed, Baba, Suleiman, Aliyu, Mohammad, Aliyu, Shamsudeen, Ukwenya, Yahaya, Aliyu, Halima, Sholadoye, Tunde, Daniyan, Muhammad, Ogunsua, Oluseyi, Sheshe, Abdurrahaman, Mshelbwala, Philip, Samson, Garba, Timothy, Oyediran Kehinde, Samuel, Sani Ali, Ajiboye, Anthony, Amole, Isaac, Abiola, Olajide, Olaolorun, Akin, Veen, Torhild, Kanani, Arezo, Styles, Kristian, Herikstad, Ragnar, Larsen, Johannes Wiik, Soreide, Jon Arne, Jensen, Elisabeth, Gran, Mads, Aahlin, Eirik Kjus, Gaarder, Tina, Monrad-Hansen, Peter Wiel, Naess, Pal Aksel, Lauzikas, Giedrius, Wiborg, Joachim, Holte, Silje, Augestad, Knut Magne, Banipal, Gurpreet Singh, Moe, Thomas Tetens, Schultz, Johannes Kurt, Al-taher, Taher, Hamdan, Ayah, Salman, Ayman, Saadeh, Rana, Musleh, Aseel, Jaradat, Dana, Abushamleh, Soha, Hanoun, Sakhaa, Abu Qumbos, Amjad, Hamarshi, Aseel, Taher, Ayman, Qawasmi, Israa, Qurie, Khalid, Altarayra, Marwa, Ghannam, Mohammad, Shaheen, Alaa, Herebat, Azher, Abdelhaq, Aram, Shalabi, Ahmad, Abu-toyour, Maram, Asi, Fatema, Shamasneh, Ala, Atiyeh, Anwar, Mustafa, Mousa, Zaa'treh, Rula, Dabboor, Majd, Alaloul, Enas, Baraka, Heba, Meqbil, Jehad, Al-Buhaisi, Alaa, Elshami, Mohamedraed, Afana, Samah, Jaber, Sahar, Alyacoubi, Said, Abuowda, Yousef, Idress, Tasneem, Abuqwaider, Eman, Al-saqqa, Sara, Bowabsak, Alaa, El Jamassi, Alaa, Hasanain, Doaa, Al-farram, Hadeel, Salah, Maram, Firwana, Aya, Hamdan, Marwa, Awad, Israa, Ashour, Ahmad, Al Barrawi, Fayez Elian, Al-khatib, Ahmed, Al-faqawi, Maha, Fares, Mohamed, Elmashala, Amjad, Adawi, Mohammad, Adawi, Ihdaa, Khreishi, Reem, Khreishi, Rose, Ghaben, Ahed, Nadeem, Najwa, Saqlain, Muhammad, Abbasy, Jibran, Alvi, Abdul Rehman, Shahzad, Noman, Butt, Muhammad Talha, Razi, Syed Asaat ul, Ahmed, Asdaq, Niazi, Ali Khan, Raza, Ibrahim, Baluch, Fatima, Raza, Ahmed, Bani-Sadar, Ahmad, Adil, Muhammad, Raza, Awais, Javaid, Mahnoor, Waqar, Muhammad, Khan, Maryam Ali, Arshad, Mohammad Mohsin, Amjad, Mohammadasim, Torres Cardozo, Jorge, O'Higgins Roche, Marcelo, Pertersen Servin, Gustavo Rodolfo, Paez Lopez, Larissa Ines, Melo Cardozo, Ramon Augusto, Espinoza, Fernando, Perez Rojas, Angel David, Sanchez, Diana, Sanchez Samaniego, Camila, Guevara Torres, Shalon, Canta Calua, Alexander, Razuri, Cesar, Ortiz, Nadia, Rodriguez, Xianelle, Carrasco, Nahilia, Saravia, Fridiz, Shibao Miyasato, Hector, Valcarcel-Saldana, Maria, Alejos Bermudez, Ysabel Esthefany, Carpio, Juan, Ruiz Panez, Walter, Toribio Orbegozo, Pedro Angel, Guzman Duenas, Carolina, Turpo Espinoza, Kevin, Sandoval Barrantes, Ana Maria, Armando ChunguiBravo, Jorge, Fuentes-Rivera, Lorena, Fernandez, Carmen, Malaga, Barbara, Ye, Joselyn, Velasquez, Ricardo, Salcedo, Jannin, Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Ana, Vergara Mejia, Angelica Genoveva, Gonzales Montejo, Maria Soledad, Escalante Salas, Marilia Del Carmen, Alcca Ticona, Willy, Vargas, Marvin, Manrique Sila, George Christian, Mas, Robinson, del Pilar Paucar, Arazzelly, Roman Velasquez, Armando Jose, Robledo-Rabanal, Alina, Zeta Solis, Ludwing Alexander, Turpo Espinoza, Kenny, Hamasaki Hamaguchi, Jose Luis, Florez Farfan, Erick Samuel, Madrid Barrientos, Linda Alvi, Herrera Matta, Juan Jaime, Mora, John Jemuel V., Redota, Menold Archee P., Francisco Roxas, Manuel, Mano, Maria Jesusa B., Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Marie, Carmela Lapitan, Marie, Leanne Almanon, Christel, Waledziak, Maciej, Roszkowski, Rafal, Janik, Michal, Lasek, Anna, Radkowiak, Dorota, Rubinkiewicz, Mateusz, Fernandes, Cristina, Muntean, Liviu, Popa, Mariuca, Mircea, Hogea, Diaconescu, Bogdan, Bratu, Matei Razvan, Negoi, Ionut, Ciubotaru, Cezar, Mutabazi, AlphonseZeta, Uzabumwana, Norbert, Duhoranenayo, Dieudonne, Idris, Faisal, Alghamdi, Mohammed Saleh A., Maghrabi, Ashraf, Alkaaki, Aroub, Turkustani, Sondos, Khalifah, Eyad, Albiety, Adel, Sahel, Sarah, Alshareef, Reham, Najjar, Mohammed, Alzahrani, Ahmed, Alghamdi, Ahmed, Alhazmi, Wedyan, Al Saied, Ghiath, Alamoudi, Mohammed, Riaz, Muhammed Masood, Alhassan, Basmah, Altamimi, Abdullah, Alyahya, Reem, Al Subaie, Norah, Al Bastawis, Fatema, Khan, Roaa, Radojkovic, Milan, Jeremic, Ljiljana, Nestorovic, Milica, Law, Jia Hao, Tan, Keith Say Kwang, Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat, Tan, Joel Kin, Joel, Lau Wen Liang, Chan, Xue Wei, Leong, Faith Qi Hui, Chong, Choon Seng, Koh, Sharon, Lee, Kai Yin, Lee, Kuok Chung, Pluke, Kent, Dedekind, Britta, Nashidengo, Puyearashid, Hampton, Mark Ian, Joosten, Johanna, Sobnach, Sanju, Roodt, Liana, Sander, Anthony, Pape, James, Maistry, Niveshni, Ndwambi, Phumudzo, Kinandu, Kamau, Du Toit, Frederick, Ellison, Quinn, Burger, Sule, Grobler, D. C., Khulu, Lawrence Bongani, Leusink, Astrid, Kariem, Nazmie, Gouws, Juan, Chu, Kathryn, Bougard, Heather, Noor, Fazlin, Dell, Angela, Van Straten, Stephanie, Khamajeet, Arvin, Tshisola, Serge Kapenda, Kabongo, Kalangu, Moodley, Yoshan, Anderson, Frank, Madiba, Thandinkosi, du Plooy, Flip, Hartford, Leila, Chilton, Gareth, Karjiker, Parveen, Mabitsela, Matlou Ernest, Ndlovu, Sibongile Ruth, Badicel, Maria, Jaich, Robert, Ruiz-Tovar, Jaime, Garcia-Florez, Luis, Otero-Diez, Jorge L., Ramos Perez, Virginia, Aguado Suarez, Nuria, Minguez Garcia, Javier, Moreno, Sara Corral, Vicenta Collado, Maria, Jimenez Carneros, Virginia, Garcia Septiem, Javier, Gonzalez, Mariana, Picardo, Antonio, Esteban, Enrique, Ferrero, Esther, Espin-Basany, Eloy, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Andriola, Valeria, Contreras, Elisa, Garcia Bernardo, Carmen, Sanz, Sandra, Miyarde Leon, Alberto, Dorisme, Asnel, Rodicio, Joseluis, Suarez, Aida, Stuva, Jessica, Diaz Vico, Tamara, Fernandez-Vega, Laura, Soldevila-Verdeguer, Carla, Sena-Ruiz, Fatima, Pujol-Cano, Natalia, Diaz-Jover, Paula, Maria Garcia-Perez, Jose, Jose Segura-Sampedro, Juan, Pineno-Flores, Cristina, Ambrona-Zafra, David, Craus-Miguel, Andrea, Jimenez-Morillas, Patricia, Mazzella, Angela, Jayathilake, A. B., Thalgaspitiya, S. P. B., Wijayarathna, L. S., Wimalge, P. M. S. N., Sanni, Hakeem Ayomi, Okenabirhie, Ogheneochuko, Homeida, Anmar, Younis, Abobaker, Omer, Omer Abdelbagi, Abdulaziz, Mustafa, Mussad, Ali, Adam, Ali, Sokratous, Arestis, Breistrand, Michaela, Sigurdadottir, Johanna, Nikberg, Maziar, Chabok, Abbas, Elbe, Peter, Saraste, Deborah, Rutkowski, Wiktor, Forlin, Louise, Niska, Karoliina, Oswald, Dennis, Peros, Georgios, Bluelle, Rafael, Reinisch, Katharina, Frey, Daniel, Palma, Adrian, Zumbuhl, Lucius, Werder, Gabriela, Mahanty, Silke, Widmer, Lukas Werner, Muller, Julia, Gubeli, Alissa, Zuk, Grzegorz, Gulcicek, Osman Bilgin, Vartanoglu, Talar, Kose, Emin, Karahan, Servet Rustu, Aydin, Mehmet Can, Sahbaz, Nuri Alper, Halicioglu, Ilkay, Alis, Halil, Sapci, Ipek, Aiyaman, Can, Pektas, Ahmet Murat, Cengiz, Turgut Bora, Tansoker, Ilkan, Isler, Vedatcan, Cevik, Muazzez, Mutlu, Deniz, Ozben, Volkan, Ozmen, Berk Baris, Bayram, Sefa, Yolcu, Sinem, Kobal, Berna Buse, Toto, Omer Faruk, Cakaloglu, Haluk Cem, Karabulut, Kagan, Mutlu, Vahit, Celik, Saban, Semiz, Anil, Bodur, Selim, Gul, Enisburak, Murutoglu, Busra, Yildirim, Reyyan, Baki, Bahadir Emre, Arslan, Ekin, Guner, Ali, Tomas, Kadir, Walker, Nathan, Shrimanker, Nikhita, Cole, Simon, Breslin, Ryan, Srinivasan, Ravi, Hunter, Kristina, Al-Bahrani, Ahmed, Mairs, Nora Grace, Rocke, Alistair, Dick, Lachlan, Qureshi, Mobeen, Chowdhury, Debkumar, Wright, Naomi, Skerritt, Clare, Kufeji, Dorothy, Ho, Adrienne, Dissanayake, Tharindra, Tennakoon, Athula, Ali, Wadah, Tan, Charlene, O'Neill, Stephen, Knight, Stephen, Nassif, Dima, Sharma, Abhishek, White, Rebecca, Mehdi, Aia, Post, Nathan, Kalakouti, Eliana, Dashnyam, Enkhbat, Stourton, Frederick, Mykoniatis, Ioannis, Wong, Francisca, Gupta, Ashish, Shatkar, Veeranna, Kadiwar, Suraj, Smedley, Alexander, Wakefield, Rebecca, Herrod, Philip, Blackwell, James, Cohen, Fraser, Bandi, Ashwath, Bond-Smith, Giles, Farhangmehr, Neda, Perenyei, Miklos, Ireland, Philip, Bowling, Kirk, Bunting, David, Longstaff, Lydia, Keogh, Kenneth, Jeon, Hyunjin, Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih, Khosla, Shivun, Jeffery, Anna, Perera, James, Alhammali, Tariq, Oram, Shaun, Kidd, Thomas, Cullen, Fraser, Owen, Christopher, Wilson, Michael, Chiu, Seehui, Sarafilovic, Hannah, Ploski, Jennifer, Evans, Elizabeth, Abbas, Athar, Kamya, Sylvia, Ishak, Norzawani, Bisset, Carly, Andress, Cedar, Chin, Ye Ru, Patel, Priya, Evans, David, Haslegrave, Aidan, Boggon, Adam, Laurie, Kirsten, Mann, Thomas, Mansuri, Anahita, Davies, Rachel, Shahbaz, Aized Raza, Eng, Calvin, Din, Farhat, L'Heveder, Ariadne, Park, Esther H. G., Ravishankar, Ramanish, McIntosh, Kirsten, Yau, Jih Dar, Chan, Luke, McGarvie, Susan, Tang, Lingshan, Lim, Hui, Yap, Suhhuey, Park, Jay, Ng, Zhan Herr, Mirza, Shahrukh, Ang, Yun Lin, Walls, Luke, Roy, Chloe, Paterson-Brown, Simon, Mclean, Kenneth, D'Souza, Michelle S., Pronin, Savva, Henshall, David Ewart, Ter, Eunice Zuling, English, William, Morgan, Catrin, Townsend, Dominic, Maciejec, Laura, Mahdi, Shareef, Akpenyi, Onyinye, Hall, Elisabeth, Caydiid, Hanaan, Rob, Zakaria, Abbott, Tom, Torrance, Hew D., Johnston, Robin, Gani, Mohammed Akil, Rajmohan, Shivanchan, Majid, Kiran, Smith, Christopher, Palliyil, Madanmohan, Patel, Sanjay, Nicholson, Luke, Harvey, Neil, Shillito, Sam, Kershaw, Suzanne, Bamford, Rebecca, Orton, Peter, Reunis, Elke, Jama, Guled M., Dhillon, Dharminder, Patel, Khyati, Nanthakumaran, Shayanthan, Heard, Rachel, Chen, Kar Yan, Barmayehvar, Behrad, Datta, Uttaran, Kamarajah, Sivesh K., Tani, Sobhana Iftekhar, Donnelly, Philippa, Walker, Michael, Blacker, Sarah, Kaul, Anil, Paramasivan, Arjun, Farag, Sameh, Nessa, Ashrafun, Awadallah, Salwa, Lim, Jieqi, Ng, James Chean Khun, Kiran, Ravi P., Murray, Alice, Dasari, Mohini, Puyana, Juan, Haddad, Nadeem, Zielinski, Martin, Choudhry, Asad, Caliman, Celeste, Beamon, Mieshia, Duane, Therese, Myers, Jonathan, Deal, Rebecca, Makupe, Alex, Musowoya, Joseph, Van Der Naald, Niels, Kumwenda, Dayson, Reece-Smith, Alex, Otten, Kars, Verbeek, Anna, Prins, Marloes, Suarez, Alibeth Andres Baquero, Deane, Chelsea, Dijan, Emilio, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Koskenvuo, Laura, Thollot, Aurore, Limoges, Bernard, Capito, Carmen, Alexandre, Challine, Kotobi, Henri, Leroux, Julien, Pinnagoda, Kalitha, Henric, Nicolas, Azzis, Olivier, Rosello, Olivier, Francois, Poddevin, Etienne, Sara, Buisson, Philippe, Hmila, Sophian, Clegg-Lamptey, Joe-Nat, Imoro, Osman, Abem, Owusu Emmanuel, Papageorgiou, Dimitrios, Soulou, Vasiliki, Asturia, Sabrina, Pena, Lenin, O'Connor, Donal B., Luc, Alberto Realis, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Taddei, Antonio, Cona, Camilla, Bottini, Corrado, Pascale, Giovanni, Rotunno, Giuseppe, Solaini, Leonardo, Pascale, Marco Maria, Notarnicola, Margherita, Corbellino, Mario, Sacco, Michele, Ubiali, Paolo, Cautiero, Roberto, Bocchetti, Tommaso, Muzio, Elena, Guglielmo, Vania, Morandi, Eugenio, Mao, Patrizio, De Luca, Emilia, Ali, Farah Mahmoud, Kondrotas, Paulius, Baltrunas, Robertas, Kutkevicius, Juozas, Ignatavicius, Povilas, Tan, Choy Ling, Siaw, Jia Yng, Yam, Sir Young, Wilson, Ling, Aziz, Mohamed Rezal Abdul, Bondin, John, Zorrilla, Carmina Diaz, Majbar, Anass, Sale, Danjuma, Abdullahi, Lawal, Osagie, Olabisi, Faboya, Omolara, Fatuga, Adedeji, Taiwo, Agboola, Nwabuoku, Emeka, Bliksoen, Marte, Khan, Zain Ali, Coronel, Jazmin, Miranda, Cesar, Vasquez, Idelso, Helguero-Santin, Luis M., Rickard, Jennifer, Adedeji, Adesina, Alqahtani, Saleh, Rath, Max, Van Niekerk, Michael, Koto, Modise Zacharia, Matos-Puig, Roel, Israelsson, Leif, Schuetz, Tobias, Yuksek, Mahmut Arif, Mericliler, Meric, Ulusahin, Mehmet, Yong, Guo Liang, Whitehurst, Katharine, Redgrave, Natalie, Musyoka, Caroluce K., Olivier, James, Lee, Kathryn, Cox, Michael, Farhan-Alanie, Muhamed M. 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Ragavan, Maimbo, Mayaba, Fermani, Claudio, Balmaceda, Ruben, Macdermid, Ewan, Chenn, Roxanne, Yong, Cheryl Ou, Edye, Michael, Jarmin, Martin, D'amours, Scott K, Youssef, Daniel, Phillips, Nichola, Brown, Jason, George, Robert, Koh, Cherry, Warren, Oliver, Hanley, Isaac, Dickfos, Marilla, Nawara, Clemen, Öfner, Dietmar, Primavesi, Florian, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Mahmud, Khalid, Hussain, Margub, Hakim, Hafiz, Kumar, Tapan, Oosterkamp, Antje, Assouto, Pamphile A, Lawani, Ismail, Souaibou, Yacoubou Imorou, Tun, Aung Kyaw, Chong, Chean Leung, Devadasar, Giridhar H, Qadir, Muhammad Rashid Minha, Aung, Kyaw Phyo, Yeo, Lee Shi, Castillo, Vanessa Dina Palomino, Munhoz, Monique Moron, Moreira, Gisele, Segundo, Luiz Carlos Barros De Castro, Ferreira, Salim Anderson Khouri, Careta, Maíra Cassa, Kim, Stella Binna, De Sousa, Alexandre Venancio, Cury, Alyne Daltri Lazzarini, Miguel, Gustavo Peixoto Soare, De Freitas, Ana Vega Carreiro, Silvestre, Barbara Pereira, Vianna, Julia Guasti Pinto, Felipe, Carolina Oliveira, Laufer, Luis Alberto Valente, Altoe, Fernanda, Da Silva, Luana Ayre, Pimenta, Marina Luiza, Giuriato, Thiago Fernande, Morais, Paulo Alves Bezerra, Luiz, Jessica Souza, Araujo, Rafael, Menegussi, Juliana, Leal, Marisa, Lima, Caio Vinícius Barroso, Tatagiba, Luiza Sarmento, Leal, Antônio, Santos, Diogo Viniciu, Fraga, Gustavo Pereira, Simoes, Romeo Lage, Stock, Simon, Nigo, Samuel, Kabba, Juana, Ngwa, Tagang Ebogo, Brown, Jame, Azzie, George, Kushwaha, Sameer, Bailey, Karen, Cameron, Brian, Livingston, Michael, Horobjowsky, Alexandre, Deckelbaum, Dan L, Razek, Tarek, Marinkovic, Bori, Grasset, Eugenio, D'aguzan, Nicole, Jimenez, Julio, Macchiavello, Roberto, Zhang, Zhongtao, Guo, Wei, Oh, Junyeong, Zheng, Fei, Montes, Irene, Sierra, Sebastian, Mendez, Manuela, Villegas, Maria Isabel, Arango, Maria Clara Mendoza, Mendoza, Ivan, Aristizã¡bal, Fred Alexander Naranjo, Botero, Jaime Andres Montoya, Riaza, Victor Manuel Quintero, Restrepo, Jakeline, Morales, Carlo, Cruz, Herman, Munera, Alejandro, Karlo, Robert, Domini, Edgar, Mihanovic, Jakov, Radic, Mihael, Zamarin, Kresimir, Pezelj, Nikica, Hache‐Marliere, Manuel, Lemaire, Sylvia Batista, Rivas, Ruben, Khyrallh, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahamed, Shimy, Gamal, Baky Fahmy, Mohamed A, Nabawi, Ayman, Elfil, Mohamed, Ghoneem, Mohamed, Gohar, Muhammad El‐Saied Ahmad Muhammad, Asal, Mohamed, Abdelkader, Mostafa, Gomah, Mahmoud, Rashwan, Hayssam, Karkeet, Mohamed, Gomaa, Ahmed, Hasan, Amr, Elgebaly, Ahmed, Saleh, Omar, Fattah, Ahmad Abdel, Gouda, Abdullah, Elshafay, Abd Elrahman, Gharib, Abdalla, Menshawy, Ahmed, Hanafy, Mohammed, Al‐Mallah, Abdullah, Abdulgawad, Mahmoud, Baheeg, Mohamad, Alhendy, Mohammed, AbdelFattah, Ibrahim, Kenibar, Abdalla, Osman, Omar, Gemeah, Mostafa, Mohammed, Ahmed, Adel, Abdalrahman, Mohammed, Abdelrahman, Sayed, Abdelrahman, Abozaid, Mohamed, Kotb, Ahmed Hafez El‐Badri, Ata, Ali Amin Ahmed, Nasr, Mohammed, Alkammash, Abdelrahman, Saeed, Mohammed, El Hamid, Nader Abd, Attia, Attia Mohamed, El Galeel, Ahmed Abd, Elbanby, Eslam, El‐Dien, Khalid Salah, Hantour, Usama, Alahmady, Omar, Mansour, Billal, Elkorashy, Amr Muhammad, Taha, Emad Mohamed Saeed, Lasheen, Kholod Tarek, Elkolaly, Salma Said, Abdel‐Wahab, Nehal Yosri Elsayed, Abozyed, Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi, Adel, Ahmed, Saeed, Ahmed Moustafa, El Sayed, Gehad Samir, Youssif, Jehad Hassan, Ahmed, Soliman Magdy, El‐Shahat, Nermeen Soubhy, Khedr, Abd El‐Rahman Hegazy, Elsebaaye, Abdelrhman Osama, Elzayat, Mohamed, Abdelraheim, Mohamed, Elzayat, Ibrahim, Warda, Mahmoud, El Deen, Khaled Naser, Elnemr, Abdelrhman Essam, Salah, Omar, Abbas, Mohamed, Rashad, Mona, Elzayyat, Ibrahim, Hemeda, Dalia, Tawfik, Gehad, Salama, Mai, Khaled, Hazem, Seisa, Mohamed, Elshaer, Kareem, Hussein, Abdelfatah, Elkhadrawi, Mahmoud, Afifi, Ahmed Mohamed, Ebrahim, Osama Saadeldeen, Metwally, Mahmoud Mohamed, Elmelegy, Rowida, Elsawahly, Diaa Moustafa Elbendary, Safa, Hisham, Nofal, Eman, Elbermawy, Mohamed, Ghazy, Ahmed Abdelmotaleb, Samih, Hisham, Abdelgelil, Asmaa, Abdelghany, Sarah, El Kholy, Ahmed, Aboraya, Metwally, Elkady, Fatma, Salma, Mahmoud, Samy, Sarah, Fakher, Reem, Aboarab, Aya, Samir, Ahmed, Sakr, Ahmed, Haroun, Abdelrahman, Al‐Aarag, Asmaa Abdel‐Rahman, Elkholy, Ahmed, Elshanwany, Sally, Ghanem, Esraa, Tammam, Ahmed, Hammad, Ali Mohamed, El Shoura, Yousra, El Ashal, Gehad, Antar, Sarah, Mehrez, Sara, Abdelshafy, Mahmoud, Hamad, Maha Gamal Mohamad, Hosh, Mona, Abdallah, Emad, Magdy, Basma, Alzayat, Thuraya, Gamaly, Elsayed, Elfeki, Hossam, Abouzahra, Amany, Elsheikh, Shereen, Elgendy, Fatimah I, El‐Salam, Fathia Abd, Seifelnasr, Osama, Ammar, Mohamed, Eysa, Athar, Sadek, Aliaa, Toeema, Aliaa Gamal, Nasr, Aly, Abuseif, Mohamed, Zidan, Hagar, Barakat, Sara Abd Elmageed, Elsayed, Nadin, Elrasoul, Yasmin Abd, Elkelany, Ahmed, Ammar, Mohamed Sabry, Mustafa, Mennat‐Allah, Hegazy, Yasmin, Etman, Mohamed, Saad, Samar, Alrahawy, Mahmoud, Raslan, Ahmed, Morsi, Mahmoud, Rslan, Ahmed, Sabry, Ahmed, Elwakil, Hager, Shaker, Heba, Abd‐Elrasoul, Yasmin, El‐Kashef, Hussein, Shaalan, Mohamed, Tarek, Areej, Elwan, Ayman, Nayel, Ahmed Ragab, Seif, Mostafa, Emadeldin, Doaa, Ghonaim, Mohamed Ali, Almallah, Ahmad, Fouad, Ahmed, Sayma, Eman Adel, Elbatahgy, Ahmad, El‐Ma'doul, Angham Solaiman, Mosad, Ahmed, Tolba, Hager, Elsorogy, Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin, Mostafa, Hassan Ali, Omar, Amira Atef, El Hameed, Ola Sherief Abd, Lasheen, Ahmed, El Salam, Yasser Abd, Morsi, Ashraf, Ismail, Mohammed, El‐badawy, Hager Ahmed, Amer, Mohamed A, El‐Hamouly, Ahmed Sabry, Attallah, Noura A., Mosalum, Omnia, Afandy, Ahmed, Mokhtar, Ahmed, Abouelnasr, Alaa, Ayad, Sara, Shaker, Ramdan, Sakr, Rokia, Shaker, Ramadan, Amreia, Mahmoud, Elsobky, Soaad, Mustafa, Mohamed, El Magd, Ahmed Abo, Marey, Abeer, Hafez, Amr Tarek, Zalabia, Mohamed F, Mohamed, Mohamed Moamen, Fadel, Amr, Ahmed, Emad Ali, Ali, Ahmad, Alwafai, Mohammad Ghassan, Dwydar, Abdullah, Kharsa, Sara, Mamdouh, Ehab, El‐Sheemy, Hatem, AlYoussef, Ibrahim, Aly, Abouelatta Khairy, Aldalaq, Ahmad, Alnawam, Ehab, Alkhabbaz, Dalia, Saad, Mahmoud, Hussein, Shady, Elazayem, Ahmed Abo, Meshref, Ahmed, Elashmawy, Marwa, Mousa, Mohammed, Nashaat, Ahmad, Ghanem, Sara, Elsayed, Zaynab M, Elwaey, Aya, Elkadsh, Iman, Darweesh, Mariam, Mohameden, Ahmed, Hafez, Mennaallah, Badr, Ahmed, Badwy, Assmaa, El Slam, Mohamed Abd, Elazoul, Mohamed, Al‐Nahrawi, Safwat, Eldamaty, Lotfy, Nada, Fathee, Ameen, Mohamed, Hagar, Aya, Elsehimy, Mohamed, Aboraya, Mohammad, Dawoud, Hossam, El Mesery, Shorouk, El Gendy, Abeer, Abdelkareem, Ahmed, Marey, Ahmed Safwan, Allam, Mostafa, Shehata, Sherif, Abozeid, Khaled, Elshobary, Marwa, Fahiem, Ahmed, Sarsik, Sameh, Hashish, Amel, Zidan, Mohamed, Hashish, Mohamed, Aql, Shaimaa, Elhendawy, Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz, Husseini, Mohamed, Kasem, Esraa, Gheith, Ahmed, Elfouly, Yasmin, Soliman, Ahmed Ragab, Ibrahim, Yasmein, Elfouly, Nesma, Fawzy, Ahmed, Hassan, Ahmed, Rashid, Mohammad, Elsherbiny, Abdallah Salah, Sieda, Basem, Badwi, Nermin M, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan, Mohamed, Osama, Habeeb, Mohammad Abdulkhalek, Starr, Nichole, Desta, Semay, Wondimu, Sahlu, Abebe, Nebyou Seyoum, Thomas, Efeson, Asele, Frehun Ayele, Dabessa, Daniel, Abebe, Nebiyou Seyoum, Zerihun, Abebe Bekele, Mentula, Panu, Leppäniemi, Ari, Sallinen, Ville, Scalabre, Aurelien, Frade, Fernanda, Irtan, Sabine, Graffeille, Vivien, Gaignard, Elodie, Alimi, Quentin, Graffieille, Vivien, Abbo, Olivier, Mouttalib, Sofia, Bouali, Ourdia, Hervieux, Erik, Aigrain, Yve, Botto, Nathalie, Faure, Alice, Fievet, Lucile, Panait, Nicoleta, Eyssartier, Emilie, Schmitt, Francoise, Podevin, Guillaume, Parent, Valentine, Martin, Amandine, Arnaud, Alexis Pierre, Muller, Cecile, Bonnard, Arnaud, Peycelon, Matthieu, Abantanga, Franci, Boakye‐Yiadom, Kwaku, Bukari, Mohammed, Owusu, Frank, Awuku‐Asabre, Joseph, Bray, Lemuel Davie, Lytras, Dimitrio, Psarianos, Kyriako, Bamicha, Anastasia, Kefalidi, Eirini, Gemenetzis, Georgio, Dervenis, Christo, Gouvas, Nikolao, Agalianos, Christo, Kontos, Michail, Kouraklis, Gregory, Karousos, Dimitrio, Germanos, Styliano, Marinos, Constantino, Anthoulakis, Christo, Nikoloudis, Nikolao, Mitroudis, Nikolao, Estupinian, Sergio, Forno, Walter, Azmitia, José René Arévalo, Cabrera, Carla Cecilia Ramãrez, Guevara, Romeo, Aguilera, Maria, Mendez, Napoleon, Mendizabal, Cesar Augusto Azmitia, Ramazzini, Pablo, Urquizu, Mario Contrera, Tale, Fernando, Soley, Rafael, Barrios, Emanuel, Barrios, Emmanuel, Rodríguez, Daniel Estuardo Marroquín, Velásquez, Carlos Iván Pérez, Mérida, Sara María Contrera, Regalado, Francisco, Lopez, Mario, Siguantay, Miguel, Lam, Fong Yee, Szeto, Kylie Joan‐yi, Szeto, Charing Cheuk Ling, Li, Wing Sum, Li, Kieran Ka Kei, Leung, Man Fung, Mak, Tony, Ng, Simon, Prasad, SS, Kirishnan, Anand, Gyanchandani, Nidhi, Kumar, Bylapudi Seshu, Rangarajan, Muthukumaran, Bhat, Sriram, Sreedharan, Anjana, Kinnera, S.V., Reddy, Yella, Venugopal, Caranj, Mittal, Abhishek, Nadkarni, Shravan, Lakshmi, Harish Neelamraju, Malik, Puneet, Limaye, Neel, Pai, Sriniva, Jain, Pratik, Khajanchi, Monty, Satoskar, Savni, Satoskar, Rajeev, Mahamood, Abid Bin, Sutanto, Eldaa Prisca Refianti, Soeselo, Daniel Ardian, Tedjaatmadja, Chintya, Rahmawati, Fitriana Nur, Mayasari, Maria, Al‐Hasani, Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad, Al‐Hameedi, Hasan Ismael Ibraheem, Ibraheem, Hasan Ismael, Al‐Azraqi, Israa Abdullah Aziz, Sabeeh, Lubna, Kamil, Rahma, Telfah, Muwaffaq Mezeil, Rasendran, Amoudtha, Sheehan, Jacqueline, Kerley, Robert, Normile, Caoimhe, Gilbert, Richard William, Song, Jiheon, Dablouk, Mohamed, Mauro, Linnea, Dablouk, Mohammed Osman, Kielty, Paul, Marks, Eleanor, Gosling, Simon, Mccarthy, Michelle, Mirghani, Diya, Naqvi, Syed Altaf, Wong, Chee Siong, Chung, Siyi, D'cruz, Reuban, Cahill, Ronan, Gosling, Simon George, Fahy, Ciara, Cadogan, Diana Duarte, Powell, Anna, Gilbert, Richard, Clifford, Caroline, Driscoll, Aoife, Paul, Stassen, Lee, Chri, Bowe, Ro, Hutch, William, Mohan, Helen, O'neill, Maeve, Mealy, Kenneth, Danelli, Piergiorgio, Bondurri, Andrea, Maffioli, Anna, Pasini, Mario, Pata, Giacomo, Roncali, Stefano, Silvani, Paolo, Carlucci, Michele, Faccincani, Roberto, Bonavina, Luigi, Macchitella, Yuri, Ceriani, Chiara, Tugnoli, Gregorio, Di Saverio, Salomone, Khattab, Khaled, Paludi, Miguel Angel, Pata, Domenica, Cloro, Luigi Maria, Allegri, Andrea, Coccolini, Federico, Veronese, Ezio, Bortolasi, Luca, Hasheminia, Alireza, Nastri, Giacomo, Canto, Massimiliano Dal, Cucumazzo, Stefano, Benevento, Angelo, Tessera, Gaetano, Grandinetti, Pier Paolo, Maniscalco, Alessio, Lamanna, Giovanni Luca, Turati, Luca, Sgroi, Giovanni, Rausa, Emanuele, Villa, Roberta, Monteleone, Michela, Merlini, David, Grassi, Veronica, Cirocchi, Roberto, Cacurri, Alban, Waleed, Hamza, Diab, Ahmed, Elzowawi, Fathi, Jokubauskas, Manta, Varkalys, Karoli, Pranevicius, Roberta, Ambrozeviciute, Viktorija, Juciute, Simona, Skardžiukaitė, Austė, Bradulskis, Sauliu, Urbanavicius, Lina, Austraite, Aiste, Riauka, Romualda, Dambrauskas, Zilvina, Karumnas, Pauliu, Urniezius, Zigmanta, Zilinskiene, Reda, Rudzenskaite, Anele, Usaityte, Ausrine, Montrimaite, Margarita, Kaselis, Neriju, Strazdas, Andriu, Jokubonis, Kristijona, Maceviciute, Kornelija, Beisa, Virgiliju, Strupas, Kestuti, Laugzemys, Erika, Kolosov, Andrej, Jotautas, Valdemara, Rakita, Igna, Mikalauskas, Sauliu, Kazanavicius, Dariu, Rackauskas, Roka, Rakauskas, Ritaura, Preckailaite, Egle, Coomber, Ro, Johnson, Kenneth, Nowers, Jennifer, Periasammy, Dineshwary, Salleh, Afizah, Das, Andre, Tze, Reuben Goh Ern, Kumar, Milaksh Nirumal, Abdullah, Nik Azim Nik, Kosai, Nik Ritza, Taher, Mustafa, Rajan, Reynu, Chong, Hoong Yin, Agius, Marija, Bezzina, Maureen, Bugeja, Roberta, Vella‐Baldacchino, Martinique, Spina, Andrew, Psaila, Josephine, Francois‐Coridon, Helene, Tolg, Cecilia, Colombani, Jean‐Francoi, Diaz‐Zorrilla, null, De La Medina, Antonio Ramos‐, Gonzalez, Samantha Corro‐Diaz, Jacobe, Mário, Mapasse, Domingo, Snyder, Elizabeth, Oumer, Ramadan, Osman, Mohammed, Mohammad, Aminu, Anyanwu, Lofty‐John, Sheshe, Abdulrahman, Adesina, Alaba, Faturoti, Olubukola, Taiwo, Ogechukwu, Ibrahim, Muhammad Habib, Nasir, Abdulrasheed A, Suleiman, Siyaka Itopa, Adeniyi, Adewale, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Adebanjo, Ademola, Osuoji, Roland, Atobatele, Kazeem, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle, Williams, Omolara, Oludara, Mobolaji, Oshodi, Olabode, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Lawal, AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga, Alakaloko, Felix, Elebute, Olumide, Osinowo, Adedapo, Bode, Christopher, Adesuyi, Abidemi, Tade, Adesoji, Adekoya, Adeleke, Nwokoro, Collin, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O, Lawal, Taiwo Akeem, Ajao, Akinlabi E, Ali, Samuel Sani, Odeyemi, Babatunde, Olori, Samson, Popoola, Ademola, Adeyeye, Ademola, Adeniran, Jame, Lossius, William J., Havemann, Ingemar, Thorsen, Kenneth, Narvestad, Jon Kristian, Soreide, Kjetil, Wold, Trude Beate, Nymo, Linn, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Dar, Manzoor, Bhopal, Kamran Faisal, Iftikhar, Zainab, Furqan, Muhammad Mohsin, Nighat, Bakhtiar, Jawaid, Masood, Khalique, Abdul, Zil‐E‐Ali, Ahsan, Rashid, Anam, Dharamshi, Hasnain Abba, Naqvi, Tahira, Faraz, Ahmad, Anwar, Abdul Wahid, Yaseen, Tahir Muhammad, Shamsi, Ghina Shamim, Shamsi, Ghina, Yaseen, Tahir, Anwer, Wahid, Decoud, Horacio Parede, Aguilera, Omar, Alvarez, Ismael Isaac Zelada, Delgado, Juan Marcelo, Vega, Gustavo Miguel Machain, Lohse, Helmut Alfredo Segovia, Aguilar, Wendy Leslie Messa, Chiong, Jose Antonio Cabala, Bautista, Ana Cecilia Manchego, Huaman, Eduardo, Zegarra, Sergio, Camacho, Rony, Celis, Jose María Vergara, Pozo, Diego Alonso Romani, Hamasaki, José, Temoche, Edilberto, Herrera‐Matta, Jaime, Torres, Carla Pierina García, Barreda, Luis Miguel Alvarez, Ojeda, Ronald Renato Barrionuevo, Garaycochea, Octavio, Mollo, Melanie Castro, Delgado, Mitchelle Solange De Fã Tima Linare, Fujii, Francisco, Durand, Susana Yrma Aranzabal, Basto, Carlos Alejandro Arroyo, Rojas, Nelson Manuel Urbina, Yip, Sebastian Bernardo Shu, Vergara, Ana Lucia Contrera, Moran, Andrea Echevarria Rosa, Luque, Giuliano Borda, Castro, Manuel Rodriguez, Jaramillo, Ramon Alvarado, Sila, George Manrique, Lopez, Crislee Elizabeth, De Leon, Mardelangel Zapata Ponze, Machaca, Massiell, Huaraya, Ronald Coasaca, Arenas, Andy, López, Crislee, Puma, Clara Milagros Herrera, Pino, Wilfredo, Hinojosa, Christian, De Leon, Melanie Zapata Ponze, Limache, Susan, Sila, George Manrrique, Rodriguez, Layza‐Alejandra Mercado, Melo, Renato, Costa‐Maia, Jose, Muralha, Nuno, Sauvat, Frederique, Dan, Ionasc, Hogea, Mircea, Eduard, Pandi, Bratu, Razvan‐Matei, Beuran, Mircea, Diaconescu, Ionut‐Bogdan, Martian, Bogdan‐Valeriu, Iordache, Florin‐Mihail, Vartic, Mihaela, Vida, Lucian Corneliu, Muntean, Liviu Iuliu, Mironescu, Aurel Sandu, Nsengimana, Vizir Jean Paul, Niragire, Alice, Ingabire, Jean De La Croix Allen, Niyirera, Eugene, Zanini, Nicola, Jovine, Elio, Landolfo, Giovanni, Alomar, Ibrahim N., Alnuqaydan, Saleh A., Altwigry, Abdulrahman M., Othman, Moayad, Osman, Nohad, Alqahtani, Ena, Alzahrani, Mohammed, Alyami, Rifan, Aljohani, Emad, Alhabli, Ibrahim, Mikwar, Zaher, Almuallem, Sultan, Nawawi, Abrar, Bakhaidar, Mohamad, Maghrabi, Ashraf A., Alsaggaf, Mohammed, Aljiffry, Murad, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khoja, Ahmad, Habeebullah, Alaa, Akeel, Nouf, Ghandora, Nashat, Almoflihi, Abdullah, Huwait, Abdulmalik, Al‐shammari, Abeer, Al‐Mousa, Mashael, Alghamdi, Masood, Adham, Walid, Albeladi, Bandar, Alfarsi, Muayad Ahmed, Mahdi, Atif, Al Awwad, Saad, Nouh, Thamer, Hassanain, Mazen, Aldhafeeri, Salman, Sadig, Nawal, Algohary, Osama, Aledrisy, Mohannad, Alrifaie, Ahmad, AlRowais, Mohammed, Althwainy, Amani, Shabkah, Alaa, Alamoudi, Uthman, Alrajraji, Mawaddah, Alghamdi, Basim, Aljohani, Saud, Daqeeq, Abdullah, Al‐Faifi, Jubran J, Jennings, Vicky, Ngayu, Nyawira, Moore, Rachel, Kong, Victor, Kretzmann, Hayden, Connor, Katie, Nel, Daniel, Sampson, Colleen, Panieri, Eugenio, Sishuba, Nosisa, Tun, Myint, Mphatsoe, Albert Mohale, Carreira, Jo‐Anne, Wagener, Mark, Botes, Stefan, Du Plessis, Danelo, Fernandez‐Bueno, Fernando, Aguilar‐Jimenez, Jose, Garcia‐Marin, Jose Andre, García, Lorena Solar, Florez, Luis Joaquín García, Pacheco, Rubén Darío Aria, Pagnozzi, Janet, Quezada, Jimy Harold Jara, Rodicio, Jose Lui, Minguez, German, Rodríguez‐Uría, Raquel, Ugalde, Paul, Lopez‐Arevalo, Camilo, Barneo, Lui, Stuva, Jessica Patricia Gonzale, Ortega‐Vazquez, Irene, Rodriguez, Lorena, Herrera, Norberto, Arachchi, Prasad Pitigala, Senanayake, Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyansela, Arachchige, Lalith Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasoori, Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya, Samaraweera, Dulan Irusha, Thanusan, Vimalakanthan, Musa, Ahmed Elgaili Khalid, Balila, Reem Mohammed Hassan, Mohamed, Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad, Ali, Hussein, Elabdin, Hagir Zain, Hassan, Alaa, Mahdi, Sefeldin, Ahmed, Hala, Idris, Sahar Abdoun Ishag, Elsayed, Makki, Elsayed, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Boijsen, Magnu, Lundgren, Per‐Olof, Gustafsson, Ulf, Kiasat, Ali, Wogensen, Fredrik, Jurdell, Emma, Thorell, Ander, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Utter, Maria, Sundstrom, Sami Martin, Wredberg, Cecilia, Kjellin, Ann, Nyberg, Johanna, Frisk, Bjorn, Sund, Malin, Andersson, Linda, Gunnarsson, Ulf, Cengiz, Yücel, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Royson, Ida Björklund Hanna, Weber, Per, Pahlsson, Hans‐Ivar, Borin, Eva, Hjertberg, Maria, Royson, Hanna, Schmid, Roger, Schivo, Debora, Despotidis, Vasileio, Breitenstein, Stefan, Staerkle, Ralph F, Schadde, Erik, Deichsel, Fabian, Gerosa, Alexandra, Nocito, Antonio, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Mijuskovic, Barbara, Zuber, Marku, Eisner, Luka, Kruspi, Swantje, Reinisch, Katharina Beate, Schoewe, Christin, Novak, Allan, Palma, Adrian F., Teufelberger, Gerfried, Kimaro, Msafiri, King, Rachel, Balkan, Ali Zeynel Abidin, Gumar, Mehmet, Yavuz, Mehmet Ali, Karabacak, Ufuk, Lap, Gokhan, Ozkan, Bahar Busra, Karakahya, Murat, Adams, Ryan, Morton, Robert, Henderson, Liam, Gratton, Ruth, Clement, Keiran David, Chang, Kate Yu‐Ching, Mcnish, David, Mcintosh, Ryan, Milligan, William, Skelly, Brendan, Anderson‐Knight, Hannah, Lawther, Roger, Onimowo, Jemina, Shatkar, Veereanna, Tharmalingam, Shivanee, Woin, Evelina, Fautz, Tessa, Ziff, Oliver, Dindyal, Shiva, Arman, Sam, Talukder, Shagorika, Gadhvi, Vijay, Chew, Luen Shaun, Heath, Jonathan, Blencowe, Natalie, Hallam, Sally, Mannu, Gurdeep Singh, Zachariades, Dimitris‐Christo, Snaith, Ailsa Claire, Hettiarachchi, Thusitha Sampath, Nesaratnam, Arjun, Wheeler, Jame, McCullagh, Darragh, Clements, Joshua Michael, Khan, Ata, Koumpa, Foteini, Neophytou, Christina, Roth, Jessica, Soon, Wai Cheong, Deputy, Mohammed, Ahmed, Ahmed, Ashton, Annelisse, Vincent, Joe, Almy, Jack, Khan, Taufiq, Allen, John Lee Y, Mcintyre, Charlotte Jane, Marshall, Dominic Charle, Sykes, Mark, Behar, Nebil, Jordan, Harriet, Rajjoub, Yaseen, Sherman, Thoma, White, Timothy, Watts, Anna, Ardley, Rohan, Arulampalam, Tan, Shah, Apar, Brown, Damien, Blower, Emma, Sutton, Paul, Gasteratos, Konstantino, Vimalachandran, Dale, Magee, Cathy, Mcguigan, Andrew, Mcaleer, Stephen, Morgan, Clare, Braungart, Sarah, Lafferty, Kirsten, Labib, Peter, Tanase, Andrei, Mangan, Clodagh, Reza, Lillian, Woodward, Helen, Gouldthorpe, Craig, Turner, Megan, Wild, Jonathan R L, Malik, Tom AM, Proctor, Victoria K, Hewage, Kalon, Davies, Jame, Dubois, Andre, Sarwary, Sayed, Zardab, Ali, Grant, Alan, Mcintyre, Robert, Mogan, Yogendra Praveen, Ho, Weiguang, Chong, Bryon Frankie Hon Khi, Tewari, Shirish, Humm, Gemma, Hall, Eriberto Farinella Nigel J, Wright, Naomi J, Major, Christina P, Xerri, Thelma, De Bono, Phoebe, Amin, Jasim, Farhad, Mustafa, Camilleri‐Brennan, John F., Robertson, Andrew G N, Swann, Joanna, Richards, Jame, Jabbar, Aijaz, Attard, Myranda, Burns, Hannah, Macdonald, Euan, Baldacchino, Matthew, Skehan, Jennifer, Camilleri‐Brennan, Julian, Hall, Tom Falconer, Gimzewska, Madelaine, Mclachlan, Greta, Shah, Jamie, Giles, Jame, Chiu, Selina, Weber, Beatrix, Chiu, Selina Man Yeng, Highcock, Saskia, Hassan, Maleeha, Beasley, William, Vlachogiorgos, Apostolo, Dias, Stephen, Maharaj, Geta, Mcdonald, Rosie, Macdonald, Alisdair, Witherspoon, Paul, Baird, Alan, Sarmah, Panchali, Green, Nikki, Youssef, Haney, Cross, Kate, Rees, Clare M, Van Duren, Bernard, Upchurch, Emma, Khan, Khurram, Abudeeb, Haytham, Hammad, Ahmed, Karandikar, Sharad, Bowley, Doug, Karim, Ahmed, Chachulski, Witold, Richardson, Liam, Dawnay, Gile, Thompson, Ben, Mistry, Ajayesh, Ghetia, Millika, Roy, Sudipta, Al‐Obaedi, Ossama, Das, Kaustuv, Prabhudesai, Ash, Cocker, DM, Tan, Jessica Juliana, Tyler, Robert, Di Franco, Filippo, Ayyar, Shruti, Vivekanantham, Sayinthen, Gokani, Shyam, Gillespie, Michael, Gudlaugsdottir, Katrin, Pezas, Theodore, Currow, Chelise, Kim, Matthew Young‐Han, Birring, Amerdip, Edwards, Joanne, Ali, Ased, Das, Suparna, Jha, Madan, Atkinson, Kieran, Luck, Joshua, Fozard, Thoma, Puttick, Michael, Salama, Yahya, Shah, Rohi, Ibrahem, Ahmad Aboelkassem, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Gravante, Gianpiero, El‐Rabaa, Saleem, Nnajiuba, Henry, Allott, Rebecca, Bhargava, Aman, Chan, Zoe, Hassan, Zaffar, Makinde, Misty, Hemingway, David, Dean, Ramzana, Boddy, Alexander, Aber, Ahmed, Patel, Vijay, Parakh, Jehangirshaw, Parthiban, Sunil, Ubhi, Harmony Kaur, Hosein, Simon‐Peter, Ward, Simon, Malik, Kamran, Jennings, Leifa, Newton, Tom, Alkhouri, Mirna, Kang, Min Kyu, Houlden, Christopher, Barry, Jonathan, Raza, Imtanan, Farquharson, Alistair, Bhattacharya, Sanjeet, Chang, Kate, Wilson, Michael S J, Neo, Yan Ning, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Chan, Emily, Peck, Fraser S, Lim, Pei J, North, Alexander S, Blundell, Rebecca, Williamson, Adam, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, Mccarthy, Kathryn, Court, Emma, Chambers, Alice, Yee, Jenna, Tham, Ji Chung, Beaton, Ceri, Walsh, Una, Lockey, Joseph, Bokhari, Salman, Howells, Lara, Griffiths, Megan, Yallop, Laura, Singh, Shailinder, Nasher, Omar, Jackson, Paul, Shariffuddin, Abdul Muiz, Ho, Weng Chee, Wilson, Michael Sj, Pabla, Gurpreet, Ramzi, Saed, Zeidan, Shady, Doughty, Jennifer, Sinha, Sidhartha, Davenport, Ro, Lewis, Jason, Duffy, Leo, Mcaleer, Elizabeth, Williams, Eleanor, Som, Robin, Javed, Omar, Boal, Matthew, Harrison, Nicola, Tafazal, Habib, Brogden, Tom, Obute, Ewen Griffiths Rhalumi Daniel, Glover, Thomas E, Clark, David J, Boshnaq, Mohamed, Akhtar, Mansoor, Capleton, Pascale, Doughan, Samer, Rabie, Mohamed, Mohamed, Ismail, Samuel, Duncan, Dickson, Lauren, Kennedy, Matthew, Dempster, Eleanor, Brown, Emma, Maple, Natalie, Monaghan, Eimear, Wolf, Bernhard, Garland, Alicia, Mcphee, Arthur, Anderson, David, Anderson, Robert, Hassan, Sarah, Smith, Dave, Lund, Jonathan, Boereboom, Catherine, Murphy, Jennifer, Tierney, Gillian, Tou, Samson, Zimmermann, Eleanor Franziska, Smart, Neil Jame, Warwick, Andrea Marie, Stasinou, Theodora, Daniels, Ian, Findlay‐Cooper, Kim, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Ray, Swayamjyoti, Varcada, Massimo, D'Souza, Rovan, Omara, Sharif, Spurr, Matthew, Parkinson, Lucienne, Hanks, Anthony, Ma, Jennifer, Abington, Emily, Ramcharn, Meera, Williams, Gethin, Winstanley, Joseph, Kennedy, Ewan D., Yeung, Emily NW, Jones, Catrin, O'neill, Stephen, Lim, Shujing Jane, Liew, Ignatiu, Nair, Hari, Oh, Julia, Koh, Samantha, Wilson, Andrew, Fairfield, Catherine, Anandkumar, Delran, Kirupagaran, Ashok, Jones, Timothy F, Torrance, Hew Dt, Fowler, Alexander J, Chandrakumar, Charmilie, Patel, Priyank, Ashraf, Syed Faaz, Lakhani, Sonam M., Mclean, Aaron Lawson, Basson, Sonia, Batt, Jeremy, Bowman, Catriona, Benons, Natasha, Mason, Clare, Harrison, Rebecca, Quayle, John, Barker, Tom, Summerour, Virginia, Harper, Edward, Smith, Caroline, Hampton, Matthew, Pitt, Sophie K, Ward, Alex E, O'Connor, Timothy, Heywood, Emily G, Chowdhury, Abeed, Hossaini, Sina, Watson, Nicholas F, Mckechnie, Doug, Farah, Ayaan, Chun, Anita, Koh, Hoey, Lim, Grace, Sunderland, Graham, Gould, Laura, Munipalle, P C, Browning, D R L, Pereira, Bernadette, Nemeth, Kristof, Decker, Emily, Giuliani, Stefano, Shalaby, Aly, Shaikh, Shafaque, Tan, Chern Yan, Palkhi, Ebrahim Y A, Szczap, Aleksandra, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chen, Chee Yang, Kulasabanathan, Kavian, Chhabra, Srishti, Kostov, Elisabeth, Harbord, Philippe, Barnacle, Jame, Palliyil, Madan Mohan, Zikry, Mina, Porter, Johnathan, Raslan, Charef, Hafiz, Shazia, Soltani, Niksa, Baillie, Katie, Singh, Priyanka, Sheth, Shailee, Patel, Kishen, Khalili, Mahry, Choi, Jeesoo, Benger, Matthew, Marples, Lucy, Macfarlane, Alastair, Thurairaja, Ramesh, Boyce, Tamsin, Whewell, Harriet, Jones, Elin, Th'ng, Francesca, Robertson, Nichola, Mirza, Ahmad, Saeed, Haroon, Galloway, Simon, Elena, Gia, Afzal, Mohammad, Zakir, Mohamed, Sodde, Peter, Hand, Charle, Sriram, Aiesha, Clark, Tamsyn, Holton, Patrick, Livesey, Amy, Sinha, Yashashwi, Iqbal, Fahad Mujtaba, Bharj, Indervir Singh, Rotundo, Adriana, Jenvey, Cara, Slade, Robert, Golding, David, Haines, Samuel, Ne'ma Abdullah, Ali Adel, Tilston, Thomas W, Loughran, Dafydd, Donoghue, Danielle, Giacci, Lorenzo, Sherif, Mohamed Ashur, Harrison, Peter, Tang, Alethea, Kotecha, Deevia, Elshaer, Mohamed, Urbonas, Toma, Riaz, Amjid, Chapman, Annie, Acharya, Parisha, Shalhoub, Joseph, Grossart, Cathleen, McMorran, David, Mlotshwa, Makhosini, Hawkins, William, Loizides, Sofroni, Krishna, Kandaswamy, Orchard, Melanie, Ho, Chik Wai, Thomson, Peter, Khan, Shahab, Taylor, Fiona, Shukla, Jalak, Howie, Emma Elizabeth, Macdonald, Linda, Komolafe, Olusegun, Mcintyre, Neil, Cragg, Jame, Parker, Jody, Stewart, Duncan, Lintin, Luke, Tracy, Julia, Farooq, Tahir, Molina, George, Kaafarani, Haytham, Beyene, Robel, Sava, Jack, Scott, Mark, Swaroop, Mamta, Kennedy, Raelene, Azodo, Ijeoma A, Heffernan, Daithi, Chun, Tristen, Stephen, Andrew, Sion, Melanie, Weinstein, Michael S., Punja, Viren, Bugaev, Nikolay, Goodstein, Monica, Razmdjou, Shadi, Etchill, Eric, Puyana, Juan Carlo, Kesinger, Matthew, Napolitano, Lena, To, Kathleen, Hemmila, Mark, Todd, Oliver, Jenner, Edward, Hoogakker, Ellen, Grizhja, Besmir, Ymeri, Shpetim, Galiqi, Gezim, Klappenbach, Roberto, Antezana, Diego, Beleño, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza, Costa, Cecilia, Sanchez, Belen, Aviles, Susan, Fermani, Claudio Gabriel, Balmaceda, Rubén, Villalobos, Santiago, Carmona, Juan Manuel, Hamill, Daniel, Deutschmann, Peter, Sandler, Simone, Cox, Daniel, Nataraja, Ram, Sharpin, Claire, Ljuhar, Damir, Gray, Demi, Haines, Morgan, Iyer, Dush, Niranjan, Nithya, D'Amours, Scott, Ashtari, Morvarid, Franco, Helena, Karim, Sabbir, Aman, Nowrin F., Estee, Mahnuma Mahfuz, Salma, Umme, Razzaque, Joyeta, Kanta, Tasnia Hamid, Tori, Sayeeda Aktar, Alamin, Shadid, Roy, Swapnil, Al Amin, Shadid, Karim, Rezaul, Haque, Muhtarima, Faruq, Amreen, Iftekhar, Farhana, O'Shea, Margaret, Padmore, Greg, Jonnalagadda, Ramesh, Litvin, Andrey, Filatau, Aliaksandr, Paulouski, Dzmitry, Shubianok, Maryna, Shachykava, Tatsiana, Khokha, Dziani, Khokha, Vladimir, Djivoh, Fernande, Dossou, Franci, Seto, Djifid Morel, Gbessi, Dansou Gaspard, Noukpozounkou, Bruno, Keke, Kpèmahouton René, Hodonou, Fred, Ahounou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane, Alihonou, Thierry, Dénakpo, Max, Ahlonsou, Germain, Bedada, Alemayehu Ginbo, Nsengiyumva, Carlo, Kwizera, Sandrine, Barendegere, Venerand, Choi, Philip, Jamal, Luai, Chen, Tzu‐Ling, Yip, Chingwan, Zapata, Felipe, Lanau, Maria Isabel Villega, Restrepo, Ivan Mendoza, Giraldo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo, Youssef, Mohamed, Thabet, Waleed, Sanad, Aly, Zaki, Ahmed, Abdel‐Hameed, Noran, Mostafa, Mohamed, Omar, Muhammad Fathi Waleed, Ghanem, Ahmed, Denewar, Adel, Emara, Eman, Rashad, Eman, Sakr, Ahmad, Elashry, Rehab, Emile, Sameh, Khafagy, Toqa, Elhamouly, Sara, Elfarargy, Arwa, Mohamed, Amna Mamdouh, Nagy, Ghada Saied, Esam, Abeer, Elwy, Eman, Hammad, Aya, Khallaf, Salwa, Ibrahim, Eman, Saidbadr, Ahmed, Moustafa, Ahmed, Mohammed, Amany Eldosouky, Elgheriany, Mohammed, Abdelmageed, Eman, Al Raouf, Eman Abd, Elbanby, Esraa Samir, Elmasry, Maha, Farahat, Mahitab Morsy, Mansor, Eman Yahya, Hegazy, Eman Magdy, Gamal, Esraa, Gamal, Heba, Kandil, Hend, Abdelrouf, Doaa Maher, Moaty, Mohamed, Gamal, Dina, El‐Sagheer, Nada, Salah, Mohamed, Magdy, Salma, Salah, Asmaa, Essam, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Badawy, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Sara, Mohamed, Mazed, Assal, Abdelrahman, Sleem, Mohamed, Ebidy, Mai, Elrazek, Aly Abd, Zahran, Diaaaldin, Adam, Nourhan, Nazir, Mohamed, Hassanein, Adel B, Ismail, Ahmed, Elsawy, Amira, Mamdouh, Rana, Mabrouk, Mohamed, Ahmed, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed, Alnaby, Mohamed Hassab, Magdy, Eman, Abd‐Elmawla, Manar, Fahim, Marwan, Mowafy, Bassant, Mahmoud, Moustafa Ibrahim, Allam, Meran, Alkelani, Muhammad, El Gendy, Noran Halim, Aboul‐Naga, Mariam Saad, El‐Din, Reham Alaa, Elgendy, Alyaa Halim, Ismail, Mohamed, Shalaby, Mahmoud, Elsharkawy, Aya Adel, Moghazy, Mahmoud Elsayed, Elbisomy, Khaled Hesham, Shakshouk, Hend Adel Gawad, Hamed, Mohamed Fouad, Ebidy, Mai Mohamed, Ahmed, Hayam, Adel, Israa, Omar, Mohammad Elsayed, Ibrahim, Mohamed, Ghoneim, Omar, Hesham, Omar, Gamal, Shimaa, Hilal, Karim, Arafa, Omar, Awad, Sawsan Adel, Salem, Menatalla, Elsherif, Fawzia Abdellatif, Elsabbagh, Nourhan, Aboelsoud, Moustafa R., Rida, Ahmed Hossam 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Adnan, Ahmad Bin, Shaharuddin, Shahadatul, Majid, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul, Al‐Marakby, Dina, Ismail, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin, Basir, Elissa Rifhan Mohd, Ali, Citra Dewi Mohd, Ata, Aya Yehia, Nasr, Maha, Rezq, Asmaa, Sheta, Ahmed, Tariq, Sherif, Sallam, Abd Elkhalek, Darwish, Abdelrhman KZ, Elmihy, Sohaila, Elhadry, Shady, Farag, Ahmed, Hajeh, Haidar, Abdelaal, Abdelaziz, Aglan, Amro, Zohair, Ahmed, Essam, Mahitab, Moussa, Omar, El‐Gizawy, Esraa, Samy, Mostafa, Ali, Safia, Elhalawany, Esraa, Ata, Ahmed, El Halawany, Mohamed, Nashat, Mohamed, Soliman, Samar, Elazab, Alaa, Samy, Mostada, Abdelaziz, Mohamed A, Ibrahim, Khaled, Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed, Gado, Ammar, Eldeen, Esraa Alm, loaloa, Mohamed Reda, Abouzaid, Arwa, Eldin, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa, Hashad, Eman, Sroor, Fathy, Gamil, Doaa, Abdulhakeem, Eman Mahmoud, Zakaria, Mahmoud, Mohamed, Fawzy, Abubakr, Marwan, Ali, Elsayed, Magdy, Hesham, Refaat, Ahmed, Ramadan, Menna Tallah, Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelaty, Mansour, Salma, Amin, Hager Abdul Aziz, Mohamed, Ahmed Rabie, Saami, Mahmoud, Elsayed, Nada Ahmed Reda, Tarek, Adham, Mahmoud, Sabry Mohy Eldeen, El Sayed, Islam Magdy, Reda, Amira, Shawky, Martina Yusuf, Salem, Mohammed Mousa, El‐Din, Shahinaz Alaa, Soliman, Noha Abdullah, Talaat, Muhammed, Alaael‐Dein, Shahinaz, Elhusseiny, Ahmed Abd Elmoen, Abdullah, Noha, Elshaar, Mohammed, Ibraheem, Aya Abdel Fatah, Abdulaziz, Hager, Ismail, Mohammed Kamal, Madkor, Mona Hamdy, Abdelaty, Mohamed, Abdel‐Kader, Sara Mahmoud, Salah, Osama Mohamed, Eldafrawy, Mahmoud, Eldeeb, Ahmed Zaki, Eid, Mostafa Mahmoud, Attia, Attia, Shwky, Ayman, Badenjki, Mohamed Adel, Soliman, Abdelrahman, Al Attar, Samaa Mahmoud, Sayed, Farrag, Sabour, Fahd Abdel, Azizeldine, Mohammed G., Shawqi, Muhammad, Hashim, Abdullah, Aamer, Ahmed, Abdelraouf, Ahmed Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Mahmoud, Ibrahim, Amal, Mahmoud, Basma, Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali, Qenawy, Mostafa, Rashed, Ahmed M., Dahy, Ahmed, Sayed, Marwa, Shamsedine, Ahmed W., Mohamed, Bakeer, Hasan, Ahmad, Saad, 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Kent, Dedekind, Britta, Nashidengo, Puyearashid, Hampton, Mark Ian, Joosten, Johanna, Sobnach, Sanju, Roodt, Liana, Sander, Anthony, Pape, Jame, Maistry, Niveshni, Ndwambi, Phumudzo, Kinandu, Kamau, Du Toit, Frederick, Ellison, Quinn, Burger, Sule, Grobler, DC, Khulu, Lawrence Bongani, Leusink, Astrid, Kariem, Nazmie, Gouws, Juan, Chu, Kathryn, Bougard, Heather, Noor, Fazlin, Dell, Angela, Van Straten, Stephanie, Khamajeet, Arvin, Tshisola, Serge Kapenda, Kabongo, Kalangu, Moodley, Yoshan, Anderson, Frank, Madiba, Thandinkosi, Plooy, Flip, Hartford, Leila, Chilton, Gareth, Karjiker, Parveen, Mabitsela, Matlou Ernest, Ndlovu, Sibongile Ruth, Badicel, Maria, Jaich, Robert, Ruiz‐Tovar, Jaime, Garcia‐Florez, Lui, Otero‐Díez, Jorge L., Pérez, Virginia Ramo, Suárez, Nuria Aguado, García, Javier Minguez, Moreno, Sara Corral, Collado, Maria Vicenta, Carneros, Virginia Jiménez, Septiem, Javier García, Gonzalez, Mariana, Picardo, Antonio, Esteban, Enrique, Ferrero, Esther, Espin‐Basany, Eloy, Blanco‐Colino, Ruth, Andriola, Valeria, Contreras, Elisa, Bernardo, Carmen García, Sanz, Sandra, León, Alberto Miyar, Dorismé, Asnel, Rodicio, Joselui, Suarez, Aida, Stuva, Jessica, Vico, Tamara Diaz, Fernandez‐Vega, Laura, Soldevila‐Verdeguer, Carla, Sena‐Ruiz, Fatima, Pujol‐Cano, Natalia, Diaz‐Jover, Paula, Garcia‐Perez, José Maria, Segura‐Sampedro, Juan Jose, Pineño‐Flores, Cristina, Ambrona‐Zafra, David, Craus‐Miguel, Andrea, Jimenez‐Morillas, Patricia, Mazzella, Angela, Jayathilake, A.B, Thalgaspitiya, S.P.B, Wijayarathna, L.S., Wimalge, P.M.S.N., Sanni, Hakeem Ayomi, Okenabirhie, Ogheneochuko, Homeida, Anmar, Younis, Abobaker, Omer, Omer Abdelbagi, Abdulaziz, Mustafa, Mussad, Ali, Adam, Ali, Björklund, Ida, Sokratous, Aresti, Breistrand, Michaela, Sigurdadottir, Johanna, Nikberg, Maziar, Chabok, Abba, Elbe, Peter, Saraste, Deborah, Rutkowski, Wiktor, Forlin, Louise, Niska, Karoliina, Oswald, Denni, Peros, Georgio, Bluelle, Rafael, Reinisch, Katharina, Frey, Daniel, Palma, Adrian, Zumbühl, Luciu, Werder, Gabriela, Mahanty, Silke, Widmer, Lukas Werner, Müller, Julia, Gübeli, Alissa, Zuk, Grzegorz, Gulcicek, Osman Bilgin, Vartanoglu, Talar, Kose, Emin, Karahan, Servet Rustu, Aydin, Mehmet Can, Sahbaz, Nuri Alper, Halicioglu, Ilkay, Alis, Halil, Sapci, Ipek, Adıyaman, Can, Pektaş, Ahmet Murat, Cengiz, Turgut Bora, Tansoker, Ilkan, Işler, Vedatcan, Cevik, Muazzez, Mutlu, Deniz, Ozben, Volkan, Ozmen, Berk Bari, Bayram, Sefa, Yolcu, Sinem, Kobal, Berna Buse, Toto, Ömer Faruk, Çakaloğlu, Haluk Cem, Karabulut, Kagan, Mutlu, Vahit, Celik, Saban, Semiz, Anil, Bodur, Selim, Gül, Enisburak, Murutoglu, Busra, Yildirim, Reyyan, Baki, Bahadir Emre, Arslan, Ekin, Guner, Ali, Tomas, Kadir, Walker, Nathan, Shrimanker, Nikhita, Cole, Simon, Breslin, Ryan, Srinivasan, Ravi, Hunter, Kristina, Al‐Bahrani, Ahmed, Mairs, Nora Grace, Rocke, Alistair, Dick, Lachlan, Qureshi, Mobeen, Chowdhury, Debkumar, Wright, Naomi, Skerritt, Clare, Kufeji, Dorothy, Ho, Adrienne, Dissanayake, Tharindra, Tennakoon, Athula, Ali, Wadah, Tan, Charlene, O'Neill, Stephen, Knight, Stephen, Nassif, Dima, Sharma, Abhishek, White, Rebecca, Mehdi, Aia, Post, Nathan, Kalakouti, Eliana, Dashnyam, Enkhbat, Stourton, Frederick, Mykoniatis, Ioanni, Wong, Francisca, Gupta, Ashish, Shatkar, Veeranna, Kadiwar, Suraj, Smedley, Alexander, Wakefield, Rebecca, Herrod, Philip, Blackwell, Jame, Cohen, Fraser, Bandi, Ashwath, Bond‐Smith, Gile, Farhangmehr, Neda, Perenyei, Miklo, Ireland, Philip, Bowling, Kirk, Bunting, David, Longstaff, Lydia, Keogh, Kenneth, Jeon, Hyunjin, Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih, Khosla, Shivun, Jeffery, Anna, Perera, Jame, Alhammali, Tariq, Oram, Shaun, Kidd, Thoma, Cullen, Fraser, Owen, Christopher, Wilson, Michael, Chiu, Seehui, Sarafilovic, Hannah, Ploski, Jennifer, Evans, Elizabeth, Abbas, Athar, Kamya, Sylvia, Ishak, Norzawani, Bisset, Carly, Andress, Cedar, Chin, Ye Ru, Patel, Priya, Evans, David, Haslegrave, Aidan, Boggon, Adam, Laurie, Kirsten, Mann, Thoma, Mansuri, Anahita, Davies, Rachel, Griffiths, Ewen, Shahbaz, Aized Raza, Eng, Calvin, Din, Farhat, L'Heveder, Ariadne, Park, Esther H.G., Ravishankar, Ramanish, McIntosh, Kirsten, Yau, Jih Dar, Chan, Luke, McGarvie, Susan, Tang, Lingshan, Lim, Hui, Yap, Suhhuey, Park, Jay, Ng, Zhan Herr, Mirza, Shahrukh, Ang, Yun Lin, Walls, Luke, Roy, Chloe, Paterson‐Brown, Simon, Mclean, Kenneth, D'Souza, Michelle S, Pronin, Savva, Henshall, David Ewart, Ter, Eunice Zuling, English, William, Morgan, Catrin, Townsend, Dominic, Maciejec, Laura, Mahdi, Shareef, Akpenyi, Onyinye, Hall, Elisabeth, Caydiid, Hanaan, Rob, Zakaria, Abbott, Tom, Torrance, Hew D, Johnston, Robin, Gani, Mohammed Akil, Rajmohan, Shivanchan, Majid, Kiran, Smith, Christopher, Palliyil, Madanmohan, Patel, Sanjay, Nicholson, Luke, Harvey, Neil, Shillito, Sam, Kershaw, Suzanne, Bamford, Rebecca, Orton, Peter, Reunis, Elke, Jama, Guled M., Dhillon, Dharminder, Patel, Khyati, Nanthakumaran, Shayanthan, Heard, Rachel, Chen, Kar Yan, Barmayehvar, Behrad, Datta, Uttaran, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Tani, Sobhana Iftekhar, Donnelly, Philippa, Walker, Michael, Blacker, Sarah, Kaul, Anil, Paramasivan, Arjun, Farag, Sameh, Nessa, Ashrafun, Awadallah, Salwa, Lim, Jieqi, Ng, James Chean Khun, Kiran, Ravi P., Murray, Alice, Dasari, Mohini, Puyana, Juan, Haddad, Nadeem, Zielinski, Martin, Choudhry, Asad, Caliman, Celeste, Beamon, Mieshia, Duane, Therese, Myers, Jonathan, Deal, Rebecca, Makupe, Alex, Musowoya, Joseph, Van Der Naald, Niel, Kumwenda, Dayson, Reece‐Smith, Alex, Otten, Kar, Verbeek, Anna, Prins, Marloe, Suarez, Alibeth Andres Baquero, Deane, Chelsea, Dijan, Emilio, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Koskenvuo, Laura, Thollot, Aurore, Limoges, Bernard, Capito, Carmen, Alexandre, Challine, Kotobi, Henri, Leroux, Julien, Pinnagoda, Kalitha, Henric, Nicola, Azzis, Olivier, Rosello, Olivier, Francois, Poddevin, Etienne, Sara, Buisson, Philippe, Hmila, Sophian, Clegg‐Lamptey, Joe‐Nat, Imoro, Osman, Abem, Owusu Emmanuel, Papageorgiou, Dimitrio, Soulou, Vasiliki, Asturias, Sabrina, Peña, Lenin, O'Connor, Donal B, Luc, Alberto Reali, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Taddei, Antonio, Cona, Camilla, Bottini, Corrado, Pascale, Giovanni, Rotunno, Giuseppe, Solaini, Leonardo, Pascale, Marco Maria, Notarnicola, Margherita, Corbellino, Mario, Sacco, Michele, Ubiali, Paolo, Cautiero, Roberto, Bocchetti, Tommaso, Muzio, Elena, Guglielmo, Vania, Morandi, Eugenio, Mao, Patrizio, De Luca, Emilia, Ali, Farah Mahmoud, Žilinskas, Justa, Kondrotas, Pauliu, Baltrunas, Roberta, Kutkevicius, Juoza, Ignatavicius, Povila, Tan, Choy Ling, Siaw, Jia Yng, Yam, Sir Young, Wilson, Ling, Aziz, Mohamed Rezal Abdul, Bondin, John, Zorrilla, Carmina Diaz, Majbar, Ana, Sale, Danjuma, Abdullahi, Lawal, Osagie, Olabisi, Faboya, Omolara, Fatuga, Adedeji, Taiwo, Agboola, Nwabuoku, Emeka, Bliksøen, Marte, Khan, Zain Ali, Coronel, Jazmin, Miranda, Cesar, Vasquez, Idelso, Helguero‐Santin, Luis M., Rickard, Jennifer, Adedeji, Adesina, Alqahtani, Saleh, Rath, Max, Niekerk, Michael Van, Koto, Modise Zacharia, Matos‐Puig, Roel, Israelsson, Leif, Schuetz, Tobia, Yuksek, Mahmut Arif, Mericliler, Meric, Uluşahin, Mehmet, Yong, Guo Liang, Whitehurst, Katharine, Redgrave, Natalie, Musyoka, Caroluce K, Olivier, Jame, Lee, Kathryn, Cox, Michael, Farhan‐Alanie, Muhamed M H, Callan, Rory, Chibuye, Chali, Ali, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed, Rekhis, Syrine, Rommaneh, Muna, Sam, Zi Hao, Pugliesi, Thays Brunelli, Pardo, Gabriel, Blanco, Ruth, and Acibadem University Dspace
Subjects: Adult, Male, barriers, humanos, checklist, surgery, human development index, GlobalSurg Collaborative, WHO Surgical Safety Checklist , mortality, emergency, laparotomy, World Health Organization, seguridad del paciente, NO, Cohort Studies, lista de control, estudios prospectivos, Humans, tasa de supervivencia, Prospective Studies, implementation, estudios de cohortes, Surgery, health, Emergency Treatment, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, mediana edad, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Aged, anciano, Laparotomy, Science & Technology, Original Articles, adulto, Middle Aged, checklist, WHO, procedimientos quirúrgicos del sistema digestivo, Checklist, Survival Rate, Elective Surgical Procedures, laparotomía, tratamiento de urgencia, Original Article, Female, Patient Safety, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract: Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P < 0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P < 0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P < 0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P < 0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P < 0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries., This work was funded by DFID/MRC/Wellcome Trust Joint Global Health Trial Development Grant (MR/N022114/1). A National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Global Health Research Unit Grant (NIHR 17-0799) is supporting the establishment of surgical research units in a subset of contributing low-income countries. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, NIHR or UK Department of Health and Social Care. The study funder had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
Published: 2019

7. Impact of Covid-19 on attendances for a 1st episode of reduced fetal movements: A retrospective observational study

Author: Hsu Phern Chong, Una Mannu, Swati Sharma, Laia Marques-Fernandez, Marques-Fernandez, Laia [0000-0002-2127-3433], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Viral Diseases, Epidemiology, Maternal Health, Blood Pressure, Vascular Medicine, Geographical locations, Labor and Delivery, Medical Conditions, Pregnancy, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Fetal Movement, Virus Testing, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Fetal Growth Retardation, Obstetrics, Gestational age, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stillbirth, Europe, Infectious Diseases, England, Fetal movement, Hypertension, Female, Stillbirths, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Science, Population, Reduced fetal movements, Gestational Age, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Diagnostic Medicine, Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy, Humans, European Union, education, Pandemics, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Covid 19, Stillbirth rate, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, Birth, Women's Health, People and places, business
Abstract: Background Prior studies have demonstrated an increased stillbirth rate. It was suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted on attendances for reduced fetal movements. Thus, we sought to ascertain the impact of the pandemic on attendances for reduced fetal movements (RFM) in our unit, ultrasound provision for reduced fetal movements, and the stillbirth rate. Methods This was a single site retrospective cohort study involving all women complaining of a 1st episode of reduced fetal movements between 01/03/2020-30/04/2020 (COVID) to 01/03/2019-30/04/2019 (Pre-COVID). Data were retrieved from computerised hospital records and statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism and SPSS. Results 22% (179/810) of women presented with a 1st episode of reduced fetal movements Pre-COVID compared to 18% (145/803) during COVID (p = 0.047). Primiparous women were significantly over-represented in this population with a 1.4-fold increase in attendances during COVID (67% vs 48%, p = 0.0005). Neither the total stillbirth rate nor the stillbirth rate amongst women who presented with reduced fetal movements changed during COVID. Ultrasound provision was not impacted by COVID with 95% of the scans performed according to local guidelines, compared to Pre-COVID (74%, p = 0.0001). Conclusions There is a significant decrease in 1st attendances for reduced fetal movements during COVID-19 pandemic. Primiparous women were 1.4 times more likely to attend with RFM. Women should be reassured that COVID-19 has not resulted in a decreased provision of care for RFM, and has not impacted on the stillbirth rate.
Published: 2021

8. Invasive breast cancer and breast cancer mortality after ductal carcinoma in situ in women attending for breast screening in England, 1988-2014: population based observational cohort study

Author: Zhe Wang, Shan Cheung, Sarah C. Darby, John Broggio, Jackie Charman, David Dodwell, Olive Kearins, and Gurdeep S. Mannu
Subjects: Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Breast Neoplasms, Mastectomy, Segmental, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Breast-conserving surgery, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, 030212 general & internal medicine, Mortality, education, skin and connective tissue diseases, Mastectomy, Aged, education.field_of_study, Obstetrics, business.industry, Mortality rate, Incidence (epidemiology), Research, Incidence, Margins of Excision, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Radiation therapy, Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating, England, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, business, Cohort study, Follow-Up Studies, Mammography
Abstract: ObjectiveTo evaluate the long term risks of invasive breast cancer and death from breast cancer after ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed through breast screening.DesignPopulation based observational cohort study.SettingData from the NHS Breast Screening Programme and the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service.ParticipantsAll 35 024 women in England diagnosed as having DCIS by the NHS Breast Screening Programme from its start in 1988 until March 2014.Main outcome measuresIncident invasive breast cancer and death from breast cancer.ResultsBy December 2014, 13 606 women had been followed for up to five years, 10 998 for five to nine years, 6861 for 10-14 years, 2620 for 15-19 years, and 939 for at least 20 years. Among these women, 2076 developed invasive breast cancer, corresponding to an incidence rate of 8.82 (95% confidence interval 8.45 to 9.21) per 1000 women per year and more than double that expected from national cancer incidence rates (ratio of observed rate to expected rate 2.52, 95% confidence interval 2.41 to 2.63). The increase started in the second year after diagnosis of DCIS and continued until the end of follow-up. In the same group of women, 310 died from breast cancer, corresponding to a death rate of 1.26 (1.13 to 1.41) per 1000 women per year and 70% higher than that expected from national breast cancer mortality rates (observed:expected ratio 1.70, 1.52 to 1.90). During the first five years after diagnosis of DCIS, the breast cancer death rate was similar to that expected from national mortality rates (observed:expected ratio 0.87, 0.69 to 1.10), but it then increased, with values of 1.98 (1.65 to 2.37), 2.99 (2.41 to 3.70), and 2.77 (2.01 to 3.80) in years five to nine, 10-14, and 15 or more after DCIS diagnosis. Among 29 044 women with unilateral DCIS undergoing surgery, those who had more intensive treatment (mastectomy, radiotherapy for women who had breast conserving surgery, and endocrine treatment in oestrogen receptor positive disease) and those with larger final surgical margins had lower rates of invasive breast cancer.ConclusionsTo date, women with DCIS detected by screening have, on average, experienced higher long term risks of invasive breast cancer and death from breast cancer than women in the general population during a period of at least two decades after their diagnosis. More intensive treatment and larger final surgical margins were associated with lower risks of invasive breast cancer.
Published: 2020

9. Does left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram predict adverse outcomes in pregnancies with chronic hypertension?

Author: Erin J MacDonald, Mannu Nayyar, Mauro Schenone, Jose R. Duncan, Katherine M Dorsett, and Zoran Bursac
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adverse outcomes, Perinatal Death, Hypertension in Pregnancy, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Left ventricular hypertrophy, Preeclampsia, Electrocardiography, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Birth Weight, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Chronic hypertension, Retrospective Studies, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Superimposed preeclampsia, Ventricular function, Task force, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, medicine.disease, Case-Control Studies, Hypertension, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Female, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, business
Abstract: Objectives: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy recommends assessing left ventricular function with echocardiogram or electrocard...
Published: 2018
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10. Proteomic analysis of human plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients

Author: Angela Baralla, Angelo Zinellu, Ciriaco Carru, Piera Veronica Pileri, Marta Deiana, Luca Deiana, Nicola Deiana, Antonio Masala, Sara Pasella, Fabrizio Scognamillo, Andrea Mannu, Sara Pinna, and Carlo Pala
Subjects: Adult, Male, Proteomics, 0301 basic medicine, Proteome, Immunology, Disease, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, immune system diseases, medicine, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Immunology and Allergy, skin and connective tissue diseases, Immunologic Tolerance, Aged, Autoimmune disease, Clusterin, biology, business.industry, Peroxiredoxins, Middle Aged, Flow Cytometry, Acquired immune system, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, biology.protein, Biomarker (medicine), Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Female, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations and incompletely understood pathogenesis. This autoimmune disease is characterized by alterations in both the innate and adaptive immune system that lead to the loss of immunologic tolerance. In autoimmune diseases particularly in SLE, early diagnosis, flare or remission phases can be difficult to identify. Proteomics can help to find new therapeutic targets and it also could help to better understand the cellular mechanisms. The aim of this study was to observe the variations in plasma and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) proteome in order to increase our knowledge about pathogenesis and to find possible diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets for improving diagnosis and treatment. The comparative proteomic analyses showed that several proteins were differentially expressed in the PBMCs from SLE patients. Among these, PRDX2 may be used as candidate biomarker or target protein for further investigations. In plasma, we showed that plasma clusterin levels increased in SLE patients compared to healthy controls, but this increase is not statistically significant. These proteomic results provide suggestions for understanding the molecular mechanisms of SLE, as well as the physiological changes correlated with SLE disease.
Published: 2017
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11. MicroRNA Expression Analysis of Centenarians and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Reveals a Common Expression Pattern

Author: Luca Deiana, Deiana N, Annalisa Oggiano, Marta Deiana, Porcu B, Francesca Balzano, Sara Pasella, Ciriaco Carru, Fabrizio Scognamillo, Andrea Mannu, Angelo Zinellu, Dei Giudici S, Piera Veronica Pileri, Masala Age, Carlo Pala, and Sara Pinna
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, media_common.quotation_subject, Longevity, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, 03 medical and health sciences, Expression pattern, microRNA, Expression analysis, TaqMan, medicine, Humans, In patient, autoimmune diseases, RNA, Messenger, media_common, miRNA, Aged, 80 and over, Messenger RNA, glucocorticoids, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, General Medicine, medicine.disease, MicroRNAs, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Rheumatoid arthritis, Immunology, Female, centenarians, business, Research Paper
Abstract: Micro-RNA (miRNA) are a family of small non-coding ribonucleic acids that inhibits post-transcriptionally the expression of their target messenger RNA (mRNA). We are interested in studying the involvement of miRNA in longevity and autoimmune diseases. In this study we compared the different expression of seven microRNAs between human plasma healthy controls, plasma samples of centenarians and samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We used the Life Technologies' protocol to quantify seven miRNAs from 62 plasma samples: 20 healthy human controls, 14 centenarians, 28 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. TaqMan MicroRNA assays were used to analyze the expression profiles of miR-125b-5p, miR-425-5p, miR-200b5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-579-3p, miR-212-3p, miR-21-5p and miR-126-3p. The relative expression of mature miRNAs was analyzed using software REST. Our results show that miR-425-5p, miR-21 and miR-212 significantly decreased in centenarians and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with controls. Furthermore in this work we highlight a connection between corticosteroid treatment and miRNAs expression.
Published: 2017

12. Mitochondrial toxicity and body shape changes during nucleos(t)ide analogues administration in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Author: Salvatore Zaru, Diego F. Calvisi, Paola Bagella, Silvia Ortu, M. Melis, Giovanni Garrucciu, Giordano Madeddu, Alberto Augusto Muredda, Sergio Babudieri, Franco Bandiera, Vito Fiore, and Franca Mannu
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, RNA, Mitochondrial, lcsh:Medicine, Group A, Gastroenterology, Group B, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Science, Adiposity, Multidisciplinary, Lamivudine, Entecavir, Middle Aged, Hepatitis B, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial toxicity, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.drug, Hepatitis B virus, medicine.medical_specialty, Guanine, Organophosphonates, Antiviral Agents, DNA, Mitochondrial, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Hepatitis B, Chronic, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Humans, Tenofovir, business.industry, Adenine, lcsh:R, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, Viral infection, DNA, Viral, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, lcsh:Q, business, Nucleoside
Abstract: Our study purpose was to evaluate mitochondrial (mt)DNA and RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and body shape changes (BSC) in HBV-infected patients. mtDNA and mtRNA were measured in PBMCs. The presence of BSC was evaluated through a questionnaire and clinical evaluation. A total of 157 subjects were enrolled, of these 107 were HBV-infected patients, 54 receiving nucleoside analogues (NAs, Group A), 53 naive to antivirals (Group B) and 50 age-sex matched controls (Group C). All HBV-treated patients had negative HBV–DNA. Twenty (37,0%) received lamivudine + adefovir, 20 (37.0%) tenofovir, 2 (3.7%) lamivudine and 12 (22.2%) entecavir. Therapy median duration was 38 months (IQR 20–60) in NA-treated patients. Group A showed significantly higher mtDNA/nuclear (n) DNA ratio (p = 0.000008) compared to Group C and Group B (p = 0.002). Group B showed significantly higher mtDNA/nDNA ratio compared to Group C (p = 0.017). Group A and B had significantly lower mtRNA/nRNA ratio compared to Group C (p = 0.00003 and p = 0.00006, respectively). Tenofovir and entecavir showed less impact compared to lamivudine + adefovir. mtDNA/nDNA ratio positively (Rho = 0.34, p st generation NA.
Published: 2020
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13. Uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis with femoral vein, intracaval, intracardiac and pulmonary artery extension

Author: Mannu Nayyar, Pranab Das, and Oluwaseun A. Akinseye
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Femoral vein, Vena Cava, Inferior, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pulmonary Artery, Inferior vena cava, Intracardiac injection, Heart Neoplasms, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.artery, Leiomyomatosis, Medicine, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, cardiovascular diseases, Heart Atria, business.industry, Femoral Vein, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Intravenous leiomyomatosis, Thrombosis, Vascular Neoplasms, Pulmonary embolism, Leiomyoma, medicine.vein, Echocardiography, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Pulmonary artery, Uterine Neoplasms, cardiovascular system, Molecular Medicine, Female, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: We report a 54-year-old female with recently diagnosed multiple cardiac thrombi and pulmonary embolism that was treated with thrombolytics and anticoagulants. She presented again with worsening dyspnea and was found to have persistent large cardiac thrombi on echocardiogram. Surgical findings revealed a single right atrial mass originating from inferior vena cava and extending into the pulmonary artery. The mass was successfully removed. Final pathology revealed a benign smooth muscle and vascular mass with estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity favoring uterine intravenous leiomyoma. She was discharged on warfarin and leuprolide therapy. This diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, especially in a middle-aged woman with right atrial mass and history of an existing leiomyoma, hysterectomy or myomectomy.
Published: 2019

14. Transcranial Photobiomodulation for Down Syndrome

Author: Vincenza Spera, Marco Maiello, Paolo Cassano, and Piero Mannu
Subjects: Oncology, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Down syndrome, Time Factors, business.industry, Biomedical Engineering, MEDLINE, Follow up studies, Brain, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Sampling Studies, Text mining, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Female, Down Syndrome, Low-Level Light Therapy, business, Child, Follow-Up Studies
Published: 2019

15. Reliability of preoperative breast biopsies showing ductal carcinoma in situ and implications for non-operative treatment: a cohort study

Author: Ires Joore, Gurdeep S. Mannu, Jelle Wesseling, Flora E. van Leeuwen, Michael Schaapveld, Zhe Wang, Esther H. Lips, Monica Chung, Sarah C. Darby, Emma J. Groen, H.J. Teertstra, and Gonneke A. O. Winter-Warnars
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Epidemiology, Biopsy, law.invention, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Randomized controlled trial, law, Registries, skin and connective tissue diseases, Netherlands, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Upstaging, medicine.diagnostic_test, Disease Management, Middle Aged, Combined Modality Therapy, 3. Good health, Upgrading, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Radiology, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, DCIS, Breast Neoplasms, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Preoperative Care, medicine, Mammography, Humans, Grading (tumors), Aged, business.industry, Ductal carcinoma in situ, Ductal carcinoma, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, body regions, 030104 developmental biology, Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating, Neoplasm Grading, business
Abstract: Purpose The future of non-operative management of DCIS relies on distinguishing lesions requiring treatment from those needing only active surveillance. More accurate preoperative staging and grading of DCIS would be helpful. We identified determinants of upstaging preoperative breast biopsies showing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer (IBC), or of upgrading them to higher-grade DCIS, following examination of the surgically excised specimen. Methods We studied all women with DCIS at preoperative biopsy in a large specialist cancer centre during 2000–2014. Information from clinical records, mammography, and pathology specimens from both preoperative biopsy and excised specimen were abstracted. Women suspected of having IBC during biopsy were excluded. Results Among 606 preoperative biopsies showing DCIS, 15.0% (95% confidence interval 12.3–18.1) were upstaged to IBC and a further 14.6% (11.3–18.4) upgraded to higher-grade DCIS. The risk of upstaging increased with presence of a palpable lump (21.1% vs 13.0%, pdifference = 0.04), while the risk of upgrading increased with presence of necrosis on biopsy (33.0% vs 9.5%, pdifference
Published: 2019

16. Effect of hydrolyzed infant formula vs conventional formula on risk of type 1 diabetes the TRIGR randomized clinical trial

Author: Knip M., Akerblom H. K., Altaji E., Becker D., Bruining J., Castano L., Danne T., De Beaufort C., Dosch H. -M., Dupre J., Fraser W. D., Howard N., Ilonen J., Konrad D., Kordonouri O., Krischer J. P., Lawson M. L., Ludvigsson J., Madacsy L., Mahon J. L., Ormisson A., Palmer J. P., Pozzilli P., Savilahti E., Serrano-Rios M., Songini M., Taback S., Vaarala O., White N. H., Virtanen S. M., Wasikowa R., Mandrup-Poulsen T., Arjas E., Lernmark A., Laara E., Schmidt B., Hyytinen M., Koski K., Koski M., Merentie K., Pajakkala E., Reunanen A., Salonen M., Terhonen T., Virkkunen S., Cuthbertson D., Gainer B., Hadley D., Malloy J., Nallamshetty L., Shanker L., Bradley B., Lough G., Fraser W., Sermer M., Taback S. P., Franciscus M., Nucci A., Palmer J., Alahuhta K., Barlund S., Korhonen T., Kovanen L., Lehtonen E., Niinisto S., Pekkala M., Sorkio S., Toivanen L., Vahatalo L., Uusitalo U., Ohman T., Bongiorno R., Catteau J., Fraser G., Lloyd M., Crock P., Giles M., Siech K., See D. W., Brown C., Craig M., Johnston A., Bere L. J., Clarson C. L., Jenner M., McManus R., Renato N., Lovell M., Higo D., Kent N., Kwan J., Marshall C., Metzger D., Chanoine J. -P., Stewart L., Thompson D., Edwards A., Lange I., Mercer J., Pacaud D., Josephine H., Schwarz W., Stephure D. K., Boer J., Chatur T., Chick C., Couch B., Demianczuk N., Girgis R., Marks S., Ryan E., Thompson M., Dean H. J., Grant L., Hamelin K., LaForte J., Murphy L., Catte D., Schneider C., Sellers E. A. C., Woo V., Boland A., Clark H. D., Cooper T., Gruslin A., Karovitch A., Keely E., Malcolm J. C., Sauro V., Tawagi G. F., Andrighetti S., Arnold G., Barrett J., Blumer I., Daneman D., Donat D., Ehrlich R., Feig D., Gottesman I., Gysler M., Karkanis S., Kenshole A., Knight B., Lackie E., Lewis V., Martin M. J., Maxwell C., Oliver G., Panchum P., Shilletto N., Simone A., Skidmore M., Turrini T., Wong S., Allen C., Belanger L., Bouchard I., Ferland S., Frenette L., Garrido-Russo M., Leblanc M., Imbeault J., Morin V., Olivier G., Weisnagell J., Costain G., Dornan J., Heath K., MacSween M. -C., McGibbon A., Ramsay C., Sanderson F., Sanderson S., Benabdesselam L., Gonthier M., Huot C., Thibeault M., Laforte D., Legault L., Perron P., Armson A., Canning P., Cummings E. A., Ivanko V., McLeod L., Mokashi A., Scott K., Bridger T., Crane J., Crummell C., Curtis J. C., Dawson C., Joyce C., Newhook L. A., Newman S., Druken E., Begum-Hasan J., Breen A., Houlden R., Woods M., Carrson G., Kelly S., Martel M. J., Penner M., Sankaran K., Hardy-Brown K., King N., White R. A., Park M., Popkin J., Robson L., Coles K., Al Taji E., Cerna M., Cerny M., Francova H., Hainerova I., Kothankova H., Koukalova R., Krakorova V., Mendlova P., Sitova R., Stechova K., Vavrinec J., Vosahlo J., Zlatohlavkova B., Brazdova L., Faksova P., Gregorova D., Kantor L., Malkova K., Venhacova J., Venhacova P., Cipra A., Skvor J., Budejovice C., Tomsikova Z., Botkova-Krauseova H., Mockova A., Paterova P., Gogelova P., Kandrnalova J., Einberg U., Jakovlev U., Posiadlo S., Rannaste E., Raukas R., Riikjarv M. -A., Valla K., Astover V., Kirss A., Retpap J., Taht E., Tillmann V., Vahtra S., Heikkila M., Hirvasniemi M., Luopajarvi K., Johansson S., Kleemola P., Laukkanen E., Parkkola A., Pigg H. -M., Puttonen H., Renlund M., Salonen K., Suomalainen H., Tenkula T., Teramo K., Jarvenpaa A. -L., Hamalainen A. -M., Jussila R., Kiiveri S., Haavisto H., Holopainen S., Kupiainen H., Leeve T., Lumme K., Nironen T., Tenhola S., Tiilikainen T., Keinonen H., Lautala P., Salonen P., Vesanto M., Aspholm A. S., Asunta P., Ikavalko H., Jason E., Jaminki S., Kekki P., Koskinen M., Lehtimaki S., Lahde J., Makela M., Peltoniemi S., Poutiainen L., Ranta K., Salonsaari T., Sarviharju-Tujula S. -L., Selvenius J., Siljander H., Haanpaa P. -L., Holm C., Juutilainen A., Jarvelainen V., Kangaskolkka-Keskilohko A. -M., Laino E., Marjamaki L., Suominen E., Ylitalo S., Hokkanen M., Lounamaa R., Matikainen M., Nuuja A., Paalanen I., Puupponen A. R., Salo-Edwards H., Alanne S., Kultti T., Linjama H., Muhonen K., Vaaraniemi M., Talvitie T., Backman M., Hanhijarvi R., Koivula P., Lindstrom K., Martikainen A., Nurmi P., Bjork A., Huopio H., Komulainen J., Lehtomaki S., Muikku E., Pesola J., Sankilampi U., Arkkola T., Hekkala A., Jurvakainen S., Koivikko M. -L., Kahonen M., Leinonen E., Mykkanen T., Pohjola H., Riikonen K., Niittyvuopio A., Stenius A., Tapanainen P., Veijola R., Alar A., Jovio S., Korpela P., Makinen E., Hietanen L., Kivisto J., Kaar M. -L., Lehtimaki P., Mustila T., Popov E., Saatela S., Taittonen L., Ahtiainen K., Laaksonen N., Luoto M., Viitala J., Virransalo R., Nykanen P., Paajanen S., Parkkinen S., Pyrhonen H., Sarkka T., Aschemeier B., Bektas S., Biester T., Datz N., Deiss D., Fath M., Lupke K., Muller B., Nestoris C., Rothes S., Sadeghian E., Semler K., Arato A., Krikovszky D., Nobilis A., Szenasi J., Benevento D., Anguissola G. B., Biagioni M., Bizzarri C., Cherubini V., Ferrito L., Giordano C., Giorgetti C., Khazrai Y. M., Kyanvash S., Maddaloni E., Napoli A., Piergiovanni F., Pitocco D., Suraci T., Tabacco G., Valente L., Visalli N., Carboni M. B., Cavallo R., Cau V., Isola C., Ledda A., Loddo M., Mannu C., Pettinau M., Pisano S., Porceddu M., Putzu C., Rita A., Peters D., Schierloh U., Bisschoff M., Blonk L., Lappenschaar T., Manai B., Seesink M., Sperling-Conrad M., Verhagen M., Zoethout J. A., Basiak A., Chalas M., Chesiak M., Gramza A., Iwankiewicz J., Sieradzan E., Wikiera B., Ciechanowska M., Dziatkowiak H., Futona B., Gorska A., Glowacka-Wony M., Kaim I., Klich B., Starzyk J., Wolanin M., Tokarska L., Chucherco D., Deja G., Firek-Pedras M., Jarosz-Chobot P., Kalina M., Kutrowska-Adamusiak K., Minkina-Pedras M., Muchaka-Bianga M., Bodalski J., Mlynarski W., Szadkowska A., Cieslak A., Cypryk K., Dziatosz K., Jastzebowska J., Krysiak A., Szymanska U., Wilcznski J., Zawodniak-Szalapska M., Aguay A., Bilbao J. R., Chueca M., Cortazar A., Echarte G., Frutos T. G., Jimenez P., Martul P., Moreno A., Oyarzabal M., Rica I., Salgado Y., Martinez-Larrad M. T., Hawkins F. G., Hernandez R., Herranz L., Pallardo L. F., Deibarra L. S., Fernandez B. H., Luis J. L., Ortiz-Quintana L., Recarte P. P., Arnau D. R., Aronsson L., Boden S., Fredriksson J., Isacsson E., Johansson I., Karlsson E., Lock C., Sandstrom A. -M., Konefal M. S., Andreasson C., Dahlstrom U., Hanas R., Lundqvist K., Windell L., Jansson I., Karlsson A. -K., Lindbladh B., Odenman I., Pettersson C., Sundberg F., Sundqvist M., Aronsson S., Bellman I., Bengtsson A. -B., Lyden G. -B., Nilsson N. -O., Soderblom M., Unt C., Augustsson M., Bengtsson M., Fors H., Helmrich A., Johansson T. O., Andersson A. -C., Boiard-Stomlid A., Hellgren G., Kallsholm H., Lindqvist J., Nilsson M., Nordwall M., Stromstedt C., Ahsberg C., Lindh A., Lindhe C., Samuelsson C., Wiik A., Edenwall H., Ljumgcrantz M., Persson I. -B., Strigard E., Svensson B. -L., Aman J., Breivik G. -E., Detlofsson I. -L., Kroon M., Sarnblad S., Johansson C., Ilvered R., Lundberg A., Akesson K., Beccarelli A., Gadient M., Rappold-Amrein C., Schoenle E., Daftary A., Damagro-Elias M. E., Gilmour C., Klein M. B., Lain C., Salerno D., Smith M. E., Vats K., Pfaff D. J., Malone P., Mansfield P., Munns M., Nickel K., Pompilio K., Siemion W., Taculad R., Van Horn K., Zdanadewic M., Chambliss C., Jones J., Sadler M., Tanner-Blasiar M., Bell C., Camper N., Devaskar S., Devaskar U., Horowitz H., Rogers L., Shannahan R., Silk K., Bermudez Z., Colon R., Frazer T., Martinez-Nieves B., Torres J., Vega J., Chan M., Cook S., Goland R., Greenberg E., Jules N., Montes J., Nelson M., Parra-Valencia Z., Schachner H., Softness B., Kiviniemi M., Suomenin R., Alexander A., Hyrckowian E., Nichol L., Trucco M., Karjalainen E., Louhio T., Sarnesto A., Valtonen E., Davydova B., Helander S., Hamalainen J., Harkonen T., Joutsjoki L., Kararic M., Latva-Koivisto M., Lonn E., Nurmi T., Ollila I., Rinkinen J., Ronkainen M., Tukiainen H., Cederlof A., Kiikeri M., Tsupari S., Cheng R., Bryant K., Chan Y., Maezawa Y., Paltser G., Rasavi R., Tsui H., Winer S., Wu P., Yantha J., Pediatrics, Knip M., Akerblom H.K., Altaji E., Becker D., Bruining J., Castano L., Danne T., De Beaufort C., Dosch H.-M., Dupre J., Fraser W.D., Howard N., Ilonen J., Konrad D., Kordonouri O., Krischer J.P., Lawson M.L., Ludvigsson J., Madacsy L., Mahon J.L., Ormisson A., Palmer J.P., Pozzilli P., Savilahti E., Serrano-Rios M., Songini M., Taback S., Vaarala O., White N.H., Virtanen S.M., Wasikowa R., Mandrup-Poulsen T., Arjas E., Lernmark A., Laara E., Schmidt B., Hyytinen M., Koski K., Koski M., Merentie K., Pajakkala E., Reunanen A., Salonen M., Terhonen T., Virkkunen S., Cuthbertson D., Gainer B., Hadley D., Malloy J., Nallamshetty L., Shanker L., Bradley B., Lough G., Fraser W., Sermer M., Taback S.P., Franciscus M., Nucci A., Palmer J., Alahuhta K., Barlund S., Korhonen T., Kovanen L., Lehtonen E., Niinisto S., Pekkala M., Sorkio S., Toivanen L., Vahatalo L., Uusitalo U., Ohman T., Bongiorno R., Catteau J., Fraser G., Lloyd M., Crock P., Giles M., Siech K., See D.W., Brown C., Craig M., Johnston A., Bere L.J., Clarson C.L., Jenner M., McManus R., Renato N., Lovell M., Higo D., Kent N., Kwan J., Marshall C., Metzger D., Chanoine J.-P., Stewart L., Thompson D., Edwards A., Lange I., Mercer J., Pacaud D., Josephine H., Schwarz W., Stephure D.K., Boer J., Chatur T., Chick C., Couch B., Demianczuk N., Girgis R., Marks S., Ryan E., Thompson M., Dean H.J., Grant L., Hamelin K., LaForte J., Murphy L., Catte D., Schneider C., Sellers E.A.C., Woo V., Boland A., Clark H.D., Cooper T., Gruslin A., Karovitch A., Keely E., Malcolm J.C., Sauro V., Tawagi G.F., Andrighetti S., Arnold G., Barrett J., Blumer I., Daneman D., Donat D., Ehrlich R., Feig D., Gottesman I., Gysler M., Karkanis S., Kenshole A., Knight B., Lackie E., Lewis V., Martin M.J., Maxwell C., Oliver G., Panchum P., Shilletto N., Simone A., Skidmore M., Turrini T., Wong S., Allen C., Belanger L., Bouchard I., Ferland S., Frenette L., Garrido-Russo M., Leblanc M., Imbeault J., Morin V., Olivier G., Weisnagell J., Costain G., Dornan J., Heath K., MacSween M.-C., McGibbon A., Ramsay C., Sanderson F., Sanderson S., Benabdesselam L., Gonthier M., Huot C., Thibeault M., Laforte D., Legault L., Perron P., Armson A., Canning P., Cummings E.A., Ivanko V., McLeod L., Mokashi A., Scott K., Bridger T., Crane J., Crummell C., Curtis J.C., Dawson C., Joyce C., Newhook L.A., Newman S., Druken E., Begum-Hasan J., Breen A., Houlden R., Woods M., Carrson G., Kelly S., Martel M.J., Penner M., Sankaran K., Hardy-Brown K., King N., White R.A., Park M., Popkin J., Robson L., Coles K., Al Taji E., Cerna M., Cerny M., Francova H., Hainerova I., Kothankova H., Koukalova R., Krakorova V., Mendlova P., Sitova R., Stechova K., Vavrinec J., Vosahlo J., Zlatohlavkova B., Brazdova L., Faksova P., Gregorova D., Kantor L., Malkova K., Venhacova J., Venhacova P., Cipra A., Skvor J., Budejovice C., Tomsikova Z., Botkova-Krauseova H., Mockova A., Paterova P., Gogelova P., Kandrnalova J., Einberg U., Jakovlev U., Posiadlo S., Rannaste E., Raukas R., Riikjarv M.-A., Valla K., Astover V., Kirss A., Retpap J., Taht E., Tillmann V., Vahtra S., Heikkila M., Hirvasniemi M., Luopajarvi K., Johansson S., Kleemola P., Laukkanen E., Parkkola A., Pigg H.-M., Puttonen H., Renlund M., Salonen K., Suomalainen H., Tenkula T., Teramo K., Jarvenpaa A.-L., Hamalainen A.-M., Jussila R., Kiiveri S., Haavisto H., Holopainen S., Kupiainen H., Leeve T., Lumme K., Nironen T., Tenhola S., Tiilikainen T., Keinonen H., Lautala P., Salonen P., Vesanto M., Aspholm A.S., Asunta P., Ikavalko H., Jason E., Jaminki S., Kekki P., Koskinen M., Lehtimaki S., Lahde J., Makela M., Peltoniemi S., Poutiainen L., Ranta K., Salonsaari T., Sarviharju-Tujula S.-L., Selvenius J., Siljander H., Haanpaa P.-L., Holm C., Juutilainen A., Jarvelainen V., Kangaskolkka-Keskilohko A.-M., Laino E., Marjamaki L., Suominen E., Ylitalo S., Hokkanen M., Lounamaa R., Matikainen M., Nuuja A., Paalanen I., Puupponen A.R., Salo-Edwards H., Alanne S., Kultti T., Linjama H., Muhonen K., Vaaraniemi M., Talvitie T., Backman M., Hanhijarvi R., Koivula P., Lindstrom K., Martikainen A., Nurmi P., Bjork A., Huopio H., Komulainen J., Lehtomaki S., Muikku E., Pesola J., Sankilampi U., Arkkola T., Hekkala A., Jurvakainen S., Koivikko M.-L., Kahonen M., Leinonen E., Mykkanen T., Pohjola H., Riikonen K., Niittyvuopio A., Stenius A., Tapanainen P., Veijola R., Alar A., Jovio S., Korpela P., Makinen E., Hietanen L., Kivisto J., Kaar M.-L., Lehtimaki P., Mustila T., Popov E., Saatela S., Taittonen L., Ahtiainen K., Laaksonen N., Luoto M., Viitala J., Virransalo R., Nykanen P., Paajanen S., Parkkinen S., Pyrhonen H., Sarkka T., Aschemeier B., Bektas S., Biester T., Datz N., Deiss D., Fath M., Lupke K., Muller B., Nestoris C., Rothes S., Sadeghian E., Semler K., Arato A., Krikovszky D., Nobilis A., Szenasi J., Benevento D., Anguissola G.B., Biagioni M., Bizzarri C., Cherubini V., Ferrito L., Giordano C., Giorgetti C., Khazrai Y.M., Kyanvash S., Maddaloni E., Napoli A., Piergiovanni F., Pitocco D., Suraci T., Tabacco G., Valente L., Visalli N., Carboni M.B., Cavallo R., Cau V., Isola C., Ledda A., Loddo M., Mannu C., Pettinau M., Pisano S., Porceddu M., Putzu C., Rita A., Peters D., Schierloh U., Bisschoff M., Blonk L., Lappenschaar T., Manai B., Seesink M., Sperling-Conrad M., Verhagen M., Zoethout J.A., Basiak A., Chalas M., Chesiak M., Gramza A., Iwankiewicz J., Sieradzan E., Wikiera B., Ciechanowska M., Dziatkowiak H., Futona B., Gorska A., Glowacka-Wony M., Kaim I., Klich B., Starzyk J., Wolanin M., Tokarska L., Chucherco D., Deja G., Firek-Pedras M., Jarosz-Chobot P., Kalina M., Kutrowska-Adamusiak K., Minkina-Pedras M., Muchaka-Bianga M., Bodalski J., Mlynarski W., Szadkowska A., Cieslak A., Cypryk K., Dziatosz K., Jastzebowska J., Krysiak A., Szymanska U., Wilcznski J., Zawodniak-Szalapska M., Aguay A., Bilbao J.R., Chueca M., Cortazar A., Echarte G., Frutos T.G., Jimenez P., Martul P., Moreno A., Oyarzabal M., Rica I., Salgado Y., Martinez-Larrad M.T., Hawkins F.G., Hernandez R., Herranz L., Pallardo L.F., Deibarra L.S., Fernandez B.H., Luis J.L., Ortiz-Quintana L., Recarte P.P., Arnau D.R., Aronsson L., Boden S., Fredriksson J., Isacsson E., Johansson I., Karlsson E., Lock C., Sandstrom A.-M., Konefal M.S., Andreasson C., Dahlstrom U., Hanas R., Lundqvist K., Windell L., Jansson I., Karlsson A.-K., Lindbladh B., Odenman I., Pettersson C., Sundberg F., Sundqvist M., Aronsson S., Bellman I., Bengtsson A.-B., Lyden G.-B., Nilsson N.-O., Soderblom M., Unt C., Augustsson M., Bengtsson M., Fors H., Helmrich A., Johansson T.O., Andersson A.-C., Boiard-Stomlid A., Hellgren G., Kallsholm H., Lindqvist J., Nilsson M., Nordwall M., Stromstedt C., Ahsberg C., Lindh A., Lindhe C., Samuelsson C., Wiik A., Edenwall H., Ljumgcrantz M., Persson I.-B., Strigard E., Svensson B.-L., Aman J., Breivik G.-E., Detlofsson I.-L., Kroon M., Sarnblad S., Johansson C., Ilvered R., Lundberg A., Akesson K., Beccarelli A., Gadient M., Rappold-Amrein C., Schoenle E., Daftary A., Damagro-Elias M.E., Gilmour C., Klein M.B., Lain C., Salerno D., Smith M.E., Vats K., Pfaff D.J., Malone P., Mansfield P., Munns M., Nickel K., Pompilio K., Siemion W., Taculad R., Van Horn K., Zdanadewic M., Chambliss C., Jones J., Sadler M., Tanner-Blasiar M., Bell C., Camper N., Devaskar S., Devaskar U., Horowitz H., Rogers L., Shannahan R., Silk K., Bermudez Z., Colon R., Frazer T., Martinez-Nieves B., Torres J., Vega J., Chan M., Cook S., Goland R., Greenberg E., Jules N., Montes J., Nelson M., Parra-Valencia Z., Schachner H., Softness B., Kiviniemi M., Suomenin R., Alexander A., Hyrckowian E., Nichol L., Trucco M., Karjalainen E., Louhio T., Sarnesto A., Valtonen E., Davydova B., Helander S., Hamalainen J., Harkonen T., Joutsjoki L., Kararic M., Latva-Koivisto M., Lonn E., Nurmi T., Ollila I., Rinkinen J., Ronkainen M., Tukiainen H., Cederlof A., Kiikeri M., Tsupari S., Cheng R., Bryant K., Chan Y., Maezawa Y., Paltser G., Rasavi R., Tsui H., Winer S., Wu P., Yantha J., University of Zurich, and Knip, Mikael
Subjects: Male, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Casein, Breastfeeding, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 610 Medicine & health, 2700 General Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Disease-Free Survival, law.invention, Follow-Up Studie, Nutrition Policy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, law, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Cumulative incidence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Original Investigation, 2. Zero hunger, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Absolute risk reduction, Infant, Newborn, Caseins, General Medicine, ta3121, medicine.disease, Infant Formula, 3. Good health, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Infant formula, 10036 Medical Clinic, Endokrinologi och diabetes, Female, business, Human, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: IMPORTANCE Early exposure to complex dietary proteins may increase the risk of type 1 diabetes in children with genetic disease susceptibility. There are no intact proteins in extensively hydrolyzed formulas. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that weaning to an extensively hydrolyzed formula decreases the cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes in young children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An international double-blind randomized clinical trial of 2159 infants with human leukocyte antigen-conferred disease susceptibility and a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes recruited from May 2002 to January 2007 in 78 study centers in 15 countries; 1081 were randomized to be weaned to the extensively hydrolyzed casein formula and 1078 to a conventional formula. The follow-up of the participants ended on February 28, 2017. INTERVENTIONS The participants received either a casein hydrolysate or a conventional adapted cows milk formula supplemented with 20% of the casein hydrolysate. The minimum duration of study formula exposure was 60 days by 6 to 8 months of age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome was type 1 diabetes diagnosed according to World Health Organization criteria. Secondary outcomes included age at diabetes diagnosis and safety (adverse events). RESULTS Among 2159 newborn infants (1021 female [47.3%]) who were randomized, 1744 (80.8%) completed the trial. The participants were observed for a median of 11.5 years (quartile [Q] 1-Q3, 10.2-12.8). The absolute risk of type 1 diabetes was 8.4% among those randomized to the casein hydrolysate (n = 91) vs 7.6% among those randomized to the conventional formula (n = 82) (difference, 0.8%[95% CI, -1.6% to 3.2%]). The hazard ratio for type 1 diabetes adjusted for human leukocyte antigen risk group, duration of breastfeeding, duration of study formula consumption, sex, and region while treating study center as a random effect was 1.1 (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.5; P = .46). The median age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was similar in the 2 groups (6.0 years [Q1-Q3, 3.1-8.9] vs 5.8 years [Q1-Q3, 2.6-9.1]; difference, 0.2 years [95% CI, -0.9 to 1.2]). Upper respiratory infections were the most common adverse event reported (frequency, 0.48 events/year in the hydrolysate group and 0.50 events/year in the control group). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among infants at risk for type 1 diabetes, weaning to a hydrolyzed formula compared with a conventional formula did not reduce the cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes after median follow-up for 11.5 years. These findings do not support a need to revise the dietary recommendations for infants at risk for type 1 diabetes. Funding Agencies|Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health [HD040364, HD042444, HD051997]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Commission of the European Communities [QLK1-2002-00372]; European Foundation for the Study of Diabates/JDRF/Novo Nordisk; Academy of Finland (Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research) [250114]; Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation; Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation; JDRF
Published: 2018

17. Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high, middle and low income countries: A multicenter, prospective, cohort study

Author: Drake, TM, Camilleri-Brennan, J, Tabiri, S, Fergusson, SJ, Spence, R, Fitzgerald, JEF, Bhangu, A, Harrison, EM, Ademuyiwa, AO, Fergusson, S, Glasbey, JC, Khatri, C, Mohan, M, Nepogodiev, D, Soreide, K, Gobin, N, Freitas, AV, Hall, N, Kim, S-H, Negida, A, Jaffry, Z, Chapman, SJ, Arnaud, AP, Recinos, G, Manipal, CE, Amandito, R, Shawki, M, Hanrahan, M, Pata, F, Zilinskas, J, Roslani, AC, Goh, CC, Irwin, G, Shu, S, Luque, L, Shiwani, H, Altamimi, A, Alsaggaf, MU, Rayne, S, Jeyakumar, J, Cengiz, Y, Raptis, DA, Fermani, C, Balmaceda, R, Marta Modolo, M, Macdermid, E, Chenn, R, Yong, CO, Edye, M, Jarmin, M, D'amours, SK, Iyer, D, Youssef, D, Phillips, N, Brown, J, George, R, Koh, C, Warren, O, Hanley, I, Dickfos, M, Nawara, C, Oefner, D, Primavesi, F, Mitul, AR, Mahmud, K, Hussain, M, Hakim, H, Kumar, T, Oosterkamp, A, Assouto, PA, Lawani, I, Souaibou, YI, Tun, AK, Chong, CL, Devadasar, GH, Qadir, MRM, Aung, KP, Yeo, LS, Palomino Castillo, VD, Munhoz, MM, Moreira, G, Barros De Castro Segundo, LC, Khouri Ferreira, SA, Careta, MC, Kim, SB, De Sousa, AV, Lazzarini Cury, AD, Soares Miguel, GP, Carreiro De Freitas, AV, Silvestre, BP, Pinto Vianna, JG, Felipe, CO, Valente Laufer, LA, Altoe, F, Da Silva, LA, Pimenta, ML, Giuriato, TF, Bezerra Morais, PA, Luiz, JS, Araujo, R, Menegussi, J, Leal, M, Barroso de Lima, CV, Tatagiba, LS, Leal, A, Dos Santos, DV, Fraga, GP, Simoes, RL, Stock, S, Nigo, S, Kabba, J, Ngwa, TE, King, S, Zani, A, Azzie, G, Firdouse, M, Kushwaha, S, Agarwal, A, Bailey, K, Cameron, B, Livingston, M, Horobjowsky, A, Deckelbaum, DL, Razek, T, Marinkovic, B, Grasset, E, D'aguzan, N, Jimenez, J, Macchiavello, R, Zhang, Z, Guo, W, Oh, J, Zheng, F, Montes, I, Sierra, S, Mendez, M, Isabel Villegas, M, Mendoza Arango, MC, Mendoza, I, Naranjo Aristizabal, FA, Montoya Botero, JA, Quintero Riaza, VM, Restrepo, J, Morales, C, Cruz, H, Munera, A, Karlo, R, Domini, E, Mihanovic, J, Radic, M, Zamarin, K, Pezelj, N, Hache-Marliere, M, Batista Lemaire, S, Rivas, R, Khyrallh, A, Hassan, A, Shimy, G, Fahmy, MAB, Nabawi, A, Elfil, M, Ghoneem, M, Gohar, ME-SAM, Asal, M, Abdelkader, M, Gomah, M, Rashwan, H, Karkeet, M, Gomaa, A, Hasan, A, Elgebaly, A, Saleh, O, Fattah, AA, Gouda, A, Elshafay, AE, Gharib, A, Menshawy, A, Hanafy, M, Al-Mallah, A, Abdulgawad, M, Baheeg, M, Alhendy, M, AbdelFattah, I, Kenibar, A, Osman, O, Gemeah, M, Mohammed, A, Adel, A, Sayed, A, Abozaid, M, Kotb, AHE-B, Ata, AAA, Nasr, M, Alkammash, A, Saeed, M, Abd El Hamid, N, Attia, AM, Abd El Galeel, A, Elbanby, E, El-Dien, KS, Hantour, U, Alahmady, O, Mansour, B, Elkorashy, AM, Taha, EMS, Lasheen, KT, Elkolaly, SS, Abdel-Wahab, NYE, Abozyed, MAF, Saeed, AM, El Sayed, GS, Youssif, JH, Ahmed, SM, El-Shahat, NS, Khedr, AE-RH, Elsebaaye, AO, Elzayat, M, Abdelraheim, M, Elzayat, I, Warda, M, El Deen, KN, Elnemr, AE, Salah, O, Abbas, M, Rashad, M, Elzayyat, I, Hemeda, D, Tawfik, G, Salama, M, Khaled, H, Seisa, M, Elshaer, K, Hussein, A, Elkhadrawi, M, Afifi, AM, Ebrahim, OS, Metwally, MM, Elmelegy, R, Elsawahly, DME, Safa, H, Nofal, E, Elbermawy, M, Ghazy, AA, Samih, H, Abdelgelil, A, Abdelghany, S, El Kholy, A, Aboraya, M, Elkady, F, Salma, M, Samy, S, Fakher, R, Aboarab, A, Samir, A, Sakr, A, Haroun, A, Al-Aarag, AA-R, Elkholy, A, Elshanwany, S, Ghanem, E, Tammam, A, Hammad, AM, El Shoura, Y, El Ashal, G, Khairy, H, Antar, S, Mehrez, S, Abdelshafy, M, Hamad, MGM, Hosh, M, Abdallah, E, Magdy, B, Alzayat, T, Gamaly, E, Elfeki, H, Abouzahra, A, Elsheikh, S, Elgendy, FI, Abd El-Salam, F, Seifelnasr, O, Ammar, M, Eysa, A, Sadek, A, Toeema, AG, Nasr, A, Abuseif, M, Zidan, H, Barakat, SAE, Elsayed, N, Abd Elrasoul, Y, Elkelany, A, Ammar, MS, Mustafa, M-A, Hegazy, Y, Etman, M, Saad, S, Alrahawy, M, Raslan, A, Morsi, M, Rslan, A, Sabry, A, Elwakil, H, Shaker, H, Abd-Elrasoul, Y, El-Kashef, H, Shaalan, M, Tarek, A, Elwan, A, Nayel, AR, Seif, M, Emadeldin, D, Ghonaim, MA, Almallah, A, Fouad, A, Sayma, EA, Elbatahgy, A, El-Ma'doul, AS, Mosad, A, Tolba, H, Elsorogy, DEAA, Mostafa, HA, Omar, AA, Abd El Hameed, OS, Lasheen, A, Abd El Salam, Y, Morsi, A, Ismail, M, El-badawy, HA, Amer, MA, El-Hamouly, AS, Attallah, NA, Mosalum, O, Afandy, A, Mokhtar, A, Abouelnasr, A, Ayad, S, Shaker, R, Sakr, R, Amreia, M, Elsobky, S, Mustafa, M, El Magd, AA, Marey, A, Hafez, AT, Zalabia, MF, Mohamed, MM, Fadel, A, Ahmed, EA, Ali, A, Alwafai, MG, Dwydar, A, Kharsa, S, Mamdouh, E, El-Sheemy, H, AlYoussef, I, Aly, AK, Aldalaq, A, Alnawam, E, Alkhabbaz, D, Saad, M, Hussein, S, Elazayem, AA, Meshref, A, Elashmawy, M, Mousa, M, Nashaat, A, Ghanem, S, Elsayed, ZM, Elwaey, A, Elkadsh, I, Darweesh, M, Mohameden, A, Hafez, M, Badr, A, Badwy, A, Abd El Slam, M, Elazoul, M, Al-Nahrawi, S, Eldamaty, L, Nada, F, Ameen, M, Hagar, A, Elsehimy, M, Dawoud, H, El Mesery, S, El Gendy, A, Abdelkareem, A, Marey, AS, Allam, M, Shehata, S, Abozeid, K, Elshobary, M, Fahiem, A, Sarsik, S, Hashish, A, Zidan, M, Hashish, M, Aql, S, Elhendawy, AOA, Husseini, M, Kasem, E, Gheith, A, Elfouly, Y, Soliman, AR, Ibrahim, Y, Elfouly, N, Fawzy, A, Rashid, M, Elsherbiny, AS, Sieda, B, Badwi, NM, Mohammed, MMH, Mohamed, O, Habeeb, MA, Worku, M, Starr, N, Desta, S, Wondimu, S, Abebe, NS, Thomas, E, Asele, FA, Dabessa, D, Zerihun, AB, Mentula, P, Leppaniemi, A, Sallinen, V, Scalabre, A, Frade, F, Irtan, S, Graffeille, V, Gaignard, E, Alimi, Q, Graffieille, V, Abbo, O, Mouttalib, S, Bouali, O, Hervieux, E, Aigrain, Y, Botto, N, Faure, A, Fievet, L, Panait, N, Eyssartier, E, Schmitt, F, Podevin, G, Parent, V, Martin, A, Muller, C, Bonnard, A, Peycelon, M, Abantanga, F, Boakye-Yiadom, K, Bukari, M, Owusu, F, Awuku-Asabre, J, Bray, LD, Lytras, D, Psarianos, K, Bamicha, A, Kefalidi, E, Gemenetzis, G, Dervenis, C, Gouvas, N, Agalianos, C, Kontos, M, Kouraklis, G, Karousos, D, Germanos, S, Marinos, C, Anthoulakis, C, Nikoloudis, N, Mitroudis, N, Estupinian, S, Forno, W, Arevalo Azmitia, JR, Ramarez Cabrera, CC, Guevara, R, Aguilera, M, Mendez, N, Azmitia Mendizabal, CA, Ramazzini, P, Contreras Urquizu, M, Tale, F, Soley, R, Barrios, E, Marroquin Rodriguez, DE, Perez Velasquez, CI, Contreras Merida, SM, Regalado, F, Lopez, M, Siguantay, M, Lam, FY, Szeto, KJ-Y, Szeto, CCL, Li, WS, Li, KKK, Leung, MF, Mak, T, Ng, S, Prasad, SS, Kirishnan, A, Gyanchandani, N, Kumar, BS, Rangarajan, M, Bhat, S, Sreedharan, A, Kinnera, SV, Reddy, Y, Venugopal, C, Kumar, S, Mittal, A, Nadkarni, S, Lakshmi, HN, Malik, P, Limaye, N, Pai, S, Jain, P, Khajanchi, M, Satoskar, S, Satoskar, R, Bin Mahamood, A, Sutanto, EPR, Soeselo, DA, Tedjaatmadja, C, Rahmawati, FN, Mayasari, M, Al-Hasani, RKMJ, Al-Hameedi, HII, Ibraheem, HI, Al-Azraqi, IAA, Sabeeh, L, Kamil, R, Telfah, MM, Rasendran, A, Sheehan, J, Kerley, R, Normile, C, Gilbert, RW, Song, J, Dablouk, M, Mauro, L, Dablouk, MO, Kielty, P, Marks, E, Gosling, S, Mccarthy, M, Mirghani, D, Naqvi, SA, Wong, CS, Chung, S, D'cruz, R, Cahill, R, Gosling, SG, Fahy, C, Cadogan, DD, Powell, A, Gilbert, R, Clifford, C, Driscoll, A, Paul, S, Lee, C, Bowe, R, Hutch, W, Mohan, H, O'neill, M, Mealy, K, Danelli, P, Bondurri, A, Maffioli, A, Pasini, M, Pata, G, Roncali, S, Silvani, P, Carlucci, M, Faccincani, R, Bonavina, L, Macchitella, Y, Ceriani, C, Tugnoli, G, Di Saverio, S, Khattab, K, Paludi, MA, Pata, D, Cloro, LM, Allegri, A, Ansaloni, L, Coccolini, F, Veronese, E, Bortolasi, L, Hasheminia, A, Nastri, G, Dal Canto, M, Cucumazzo, S, Benevento, A, Tessera, G, Grandinetti, PP, Maniscalco, A, Lamanna, GL, Turati, L, Sgroi, G, Rausa, E, Villa, R, Monteleone, M, Merlini, D, Grassi, V, Cirocchi, R, Cacurri, A, Waleed, H, Diab, A, Elzowawi, F, Jokubauskas, M, Varkalys, K, Venskutonis, D, Pranevicius, R, Ambrozeviciute, V, Juciute, S, Skardziukaite, A, Bradulskis, S, Urbanavicius, L, Austraite, A, Riauka, R, Dambrauskas, Z, Karumnas, P, Urniezius, Z, Zilinskiene, R, Rudzenskaite, A, Usaityte, A, Montrimaite, M, Kaselis, N, Strazdas, A, Jokubonis, K, Maceviciute, K, Beisa, V, Poskus, T, Strupas, K, Laugzemys, E, Kolosov, A, Jotautas, V, Rakita, I, Mikalauskas, S, Kazanavicius, D, Rackauskas, R, Rakauskas, R, Preckailaite, E, Coomber, R, Johnson, K, Nowers, J, Periasammy, D, Salleh, A, Das, A, Tze, RGE, Kumar, MN, Abdullah, NAN, Kosai, NR, Taher, M, Rajan, R, Chong, HY, Agius, M, Borg, E, Bezzina, M, Bugeja, R, Vella-Baldacchino, M, Spina, A, Psaila, J, Francois-Coridon, H, Tolg, C, Colombani, J-F, Diaz-Zorrilla, C, Ramos-De La Medina, A, Corro-Diaz Gonzalez, S, Jacobe, M, Mapasse, D, Snyder, E, Oumer, R, Osman, M, Mohammad, A, Anyanwu, L-J, Sheshe, A, Adesina, A, Faturoti, O, Taiwo, O, Ibrahim, MH, Nasir, AA, Suleiman, SI, Adeniyi, A, Adesanya, O, Adebanjo, A, Osuoji, R, Atobatele, K, Ogunyemi, A, Williams, O, Oludara, M, Oshodi, O, Ademuyiwa, A, Lawal, AO, Alakaloko, F, Elebute, O, Osinowo, A, Bode, C, Adesuyi, A, Tade, A, Adekoya, A, Nwokoro, C, Ayandipo, OO, Lawal, TA, Ajao, AE, Ali, SS, Odeyemi, B, Olori, S, Popoola, A, Adeyeye, A, Adeniran, J, Lossius, WJ, Havemann, I, Thorsen, K, Narvestad, JK, Wold, TB, Nymo, L, Elsiddig, M, Dar, M, Bhopal, KF, Iftikhar, Z, Furqan, MM, Nighat, B, Jawaid, M, Khalique, A, Zil-E-Ali, A, Rashid, A, Dharamshi, HA, Naqvi, T, Faraz, A, Anwar, AW, Yaseen, TM, Shamsi, GS, Shamsi, G, Yaseen, T, Anwer, W, Paredes Decoud, H, Aguilera, O, Zelada Alvarez, II, Marcelo Delgado, J, Machain Vega, GM, Segovia Lohse, HA, Messa Aguilar, WL, Cabala Chiong, JA, Manchego Bautista, AC, Huaman, E, Zegarra, S, Camacho, R, Vergara Celis, JM, Romani Pozo, DA, Hamasaki, J, Temoche, E, Herrera-Matta, J, Garcia Torres, CP, Alvarez Barreda, LM, Barrionuevo Ojeda, RR, Garaycochea, O, Castro Mollo, M, Linares Delgado, MSDFT, Fujii, F, Aranzabal Durand, SY, Arroyo Basto, CA, Urbina Rojas, NM, Shu Yip, SB, Contreras Vergara, AL, Rosas Moran, AE, Borda Luque, G, Rodriguez Castro, M, Alvarado Jaramillo, R, Manrique Sila, G, Elizabeth Lopez, C, Zapata Ponze De Leon, M, Machaca, M, Coasaca Huaraya, R, Arenas, A, Lopez, C, Herrera Puma, CM, Pino, W, Hinojosa, C, Limache, S, Manrrique Sila, G, Mercado Rodriguez, L-A, Melo, R, Costa-Maia, J, Muralha, N, Sauvat, F, Dan, I, Hogea, M, Eduard, P, Bratu, R-M, Beuran, M, Diaconescu, I-B, Martian, B-V, Iordache, F-M, Vartic, M, Vida, LC, Muntean, LI, Mironescu, AS, Nsengimana, VJP, Niragire, A, Ingabire, JDLCA, Niyirera, E, Zanini, N, Jovine, E, Landolfo, G, Alomar, IN, Alnuqaydan, SA, Altwigry, AM, Othman, M, Osman, N, Alqahtani, E, Alzahrani, M, Alyami, R, Aljohani, E, Alhabli, I, Mikwar, Z, Almuallem, S, Nawawi, A, Bakhaidar, M, Maghrabi, AA, Alsaggaf, M, Aljiffry, M, Altaf, A, Khoja, A, Habeebullah, A, Akeel, N, Ghandora, N, Almoflihi, A, Huwait, A, Al-shammari, A, Al-Mousa, M, Alghamdi, M, Adham, W, Albeladi, B, Alfarsi, MA, Mahdi, A, Al Awwad, S, Nouh, T, Hassanain, M, Aldhafeeri, S, Sadig, N, Algohary, O, Aledrisy, M, Gudal, A, Alrifaie, A, AlRowais, M, Althwainy, A, Shabkah, A, Alamoudi, U, Alrajraji, M, Alghamdi, B, Aljohani, S, Daqeeq, A, Al-Faifi, JJ, Jennings, V, Ngayu, N, Moore, R, Kong, V, Kretzmann, H, Connor, K, Nel, D, Sampson, C, Panieri, E, Sishuba, N, Tun, M, Mphatsoe, AM, Carreira, J-A, Teasdale, E, Wagener, M, Botes, S, Du Plessis, D, Fernandez-Bueno, F, Aguilar-Jimenez, J, Andres Garcia-Marin, J, Solar Garcia, L, Garcia Florez, LJ, Arias Pacheco, RD, Pagnozzi, J, Jara Quezada, JH, Luis Rodicio, J, Minguez, G, Rodriguez-Uria, R, Ugalde, P, Lopez-Arevalo, C, Barneo, L, Gonzales Stuva, JP, Ortega-Vazquez, I, Rodriguez, L, Herrera, N, Arachchi, PP, Senanayake, WSMKJ, Arachchige, LAJJ, Sivaganesh, S, Samaraweera, DI, Thanusan, V, Musa, AEK, Balila, RMH, Mohamed, MAEH, Ali, H, Elabdin, HZ, Mahdi, S, Ahmed, H, Idris, SAI, Elsayed, M, Mahmoud, M, Boijsen, M, Lundgren, P-O, Gustafsson, U, Kiasat, A, Wogensen, F, Jurdell, E, Thorell, A, Thorarinsdottir, H, Utter, M, Sundstrom, SM, Wredberg, C, Kjellin, A, Nyberg, J, Frisk, B, Sund, M, Andersson, L, Gunnarsson, U, Ahlqvist, S, Bjorklund, I, Royson, H, Weber, P, Pahlsson, H-I, Borin, E, Hjertberg, M, Schmid, R, Schivo, D, Despotidis, V, Breitenstein, S, Staerkle, RF, Schadde, E, Deichsel, F, Gerosa, A, Nocito, A, Mijuskovic, B, Zuber, M, Eisner, L, Kruspi, S, Reinisch, KB, Schoewe, C, Novak, A, Palma, AF, Teufelberger, G, Kimaro, M, King, R, Balkan, AZA, Gumar, M, Yavuz, MA, Karabacak, U, Lap, G, Ozkan, BB, Karakahya, M, Adams, R, Morton, R, Henderson, L, Gratton, R, Clement, KD, Chang, KY-C, Mcnish, D, Mcintosh, R, Milligan, W, Skelly, B, Anderson-Knight, H, Lawther, R, Onimowo, J, Shatkar, V, Tharmalingam, S, Woin, E, Fautz, T, Ziff, O, Dindyal, S, Arman, S, Talukder, S, Gadhvi, V, Chew, LS, Heath, J, Blencowe, N, Hallam, S, Gash, K, Mannu, GS, Zachariades, D-C, Snaith, AC, Hettiarachchi, TS, Nesaratnam, A, Wheeler, J, McCullagh, D, Clements, JM, Khan, A, Koumpa, F, Neophytou, C, Roth, J, Soon, WC, Deputy, M, Ahmed, A, Ashton, A, Vincent, J, Almy, J, Khan, T, Allen, JLY, Mcintyre, CJ, Marshall, DC, Sykes, M, Behar, N, Jordan, H, Rajjoub, Y, Sherman, T, White, T, Watts, A, Ardley, R, Arulampalam, T, Shah, A, Brown, D, Blower, E, Sutton, P, Gasteratos, K, Vimalachandran, D, Magee, C, Mcguigan, A, Mcaleer, S, Morgan, C, Braungart, S, Lafferty, K, Labib, P, Tanase, A, Mangan, C, Reza, L, Woodward, H, Gouldthorpe, C, Turner, M, Wild, JRL, Malik, TAM, Proctor, VK, Hewage, K, Davies, J, Dubois, A, Sarwary, S, Zardab, A, Grant, A, Mcintyre, R, Mogan, YP, Ho, W, Chong, BFHK, Tewari, S, Humm, G, Farinella, E, Hall, NJ, Wright, NJ, Major, CP, Xerri, T, Amin, J, Farhad, M, Camilleri-Brennan, JF, Robertson, AGN, Swann, J, Richards, J, Jabbar, A, De Bono, P, Attard, M, Burns, H, Macdonald, E, Baldacchino, M, Skehan, J, Hall, TF, Gimzewska, M, Mclachlan, G, Shah, J, Giles, J, Chiu, S, Weber, B, Chiu, SMY, Highcock, S, Hassan, M, Beasley, W, Vlachogiorgos, A, Dias, S, Maharaj, G, Mcdonald, R, Macdonald, A, Witherspoon, P, Baird, A, Sarmah, P, Green, N, Youssef, H, Cross, K, Rees, CM, Van Duren, B, Upchurch, E, Khan, K, Abudeeb, H, Hammad, A, Karandikar, S, Bowley, D, Karim, A, Chachulski, W, Richardson, L, Dawnay, G, Thompson, B, Mistry, A, Ghetia, M, Roy, S, Al-Obaedi, O, Das, K, Prabhudesai, A, Cocker, DM, Tan, JJ, Tyler, R, Di Franco, F, Ayyar, S, Vivekanantham, S, Gokani, S, Gillespie, M, Gudlaugsdottir, K, Pezas, T, Currow, C, Kim, MY-H, Birring, A, Edwards, J, Das, S, Jha, M, Atkinson, K, Luck, J, Fozard, T, Puttick, M, Salama, Y, Shah, R, Ibrahem, AA, Ebdewi, H, Gravante, G, El-Rabaa, S, Nnajiuba, H, Allott, R, Bhargava, A, Chan, Z, Hassan, Z, Makinde, M, Hemingway, D, Dean, R, Boddy, A, Aber, A, Patel, V, Parakh, J, Parthiban, S, Ubhi, HK, Hosein, S-P, Ward, S, Malik, K, Jennings, L, Newton, T, Alkhouri, M, Kang, MK, Houlden, C, Barry, J, Raza, I, Farquharson, A, Bhattacharya, S, Chang, K, Wilson, MSJ, Neo, YN, Ibrahim, I, Chan, E, Peck, FS, Lim, PJ, North, AS, Blundell, R, Williamson, A, Fouad, D, Minocha, A, Mccarthy, K, Court, E, Chambers, A, Yee, J, Tham, JC, Beaton, C, Walsh, U, Lockey, J, Bokhari, S, Howells, L, Griffiths, M, Yallop, L, Singh, S, Nasher, O, Jackson, P, Shariffuddin, AM, Ho, WC, Pabla, G, Ramzi, S, Zeidan, S, Doughty, J, Sinha, S, Davenport, R, Lewis, J, Duffy, L, Mcaleer, E, Williams, E, Som, R, Javed, O, Boal, M, Harrison, N, Tafazal, H, Brogden, T, Griffiths, E, Obute, RD, Glover, TE, Clark, DJ, Boshnaq, M, Akhtar, M, Capleton, P, Doughan, S, Rabie, M, Mohamed, I, Samuel, D, Dickson, L, Kennedy, M, Dempster, E, Brown, E, Maple, N, Monaghan, E, Wolf, B, Garland, A, Mcphee, A, Anderson, D, Anderson, R, Hassan, S, Smith, D, Lund, J, Boereboom, C, Murphy, J, Tierney, G, Tou, S, Zimmermann, EF, Smart, NJ, Warwick, AM, Stasinou, T, Daniels, I, Findlay-Cooper, K, Mitrasinovic, S, Ray, S, Varcada, M, D'Souza, R, Omara, S, Spurr, M, Parkinson, L, Hanks, A, Ma, J, Abington, E, Ramcharn, M, Williams, G, Winstanley, J, Kennedy, ED, Yeung, ENW, Jones, C, O'neill, S, Lim, SJ, Liew, I, Nair, H, Fairfield, C, Koh, S, Wilson, A, Anandkumar, D, Kirupagaran, A, Jones, TF, Torrance, HDT, Fowler, AJ, Chandrakumar, C, Patel, P, Ashraf, SF, Lakhani, SM, Mclean, AL, Basson, S, Batt, J, Bowman, C, Stoddart, M, Benons, N, Mason, C, Harrison, R, Quayle, J, Barker, T, Summerour, V, Harper, E, Smith, C, Hampton, M, Pitt, SK, Ward, AE, O'Connor, T, Heywood, EG, Chowdhury, A, Hossaini, S, Watson, NFS, Mckechnie, D, Farah, A, Chun, A, Koh, H, Lim, G, Sunderland, G, Gould, L, Munipalle, PC, Rooney, H, Browning, DRL, Pereira, B, Nemeth, K, Decker, E, Giuliani, S, Shalaby, A, Shaikh, S, Tan, CY, Palkhi, EYA, Szczap, A, Chidambaram, S, Chen, CY, Kulasabanathan, K, Chhabra, S, Kostov, E, Harbord, P, Barnacle, J, Palliyil, MM, Zikry, M, Porter, J, Raslan, C, Hafiz, S, Soltani, N, Baillie, K, Singh, P, Sheth, S, Patel, K, Khalili, M, Choi, J, Benger, M, Marples, L, Macfarlane, A, Thurairaja, R, Boyce, T, Whewell, H, Jones, E, Th'ng, F, Robertson, N, Mirza, A, Saeed, H, Galloway, S, Elena, G, Afzal, M, Zakir, M, Sodde, P, Hand, C, Sriram, A, Clark, T, Holton, P, Livesey, A, Sinha, Y, Iqbal, FM, Bharj, IS, Rotundo, A, Jenvey, C, Slade, R, Golding, D, Haines, S, Abdullah, AAN, Tilston, TW, Loughran, D, Donoghue, D, Giacci, L, Sherif, MA, Harrison, P, Tang, A, Kotecha, D, Elshaer, M, Urbonas, T, Riaz, A, Chapman, A, Acharya, P, Shalhoub, J, Grossart, C, McMorran, D, Mlotshwa, M, Hawkins, W, Loizides, S, Krishna, K, Orchard, M, Ho, CW, Thomson, P, Khan, S, Taylor, F, Shukla, J, Howie, EE, Macdonald, L, Komolafe, O, Mcintyre, N, Cragg, J, Parker, J, Stewart, D, Lintin, L, Tracy, J, Farooq, T, Molina, G, Kaafarani, H, Beyene, R, Sava, J, Scott, M, Swaroop, M, Kennedy, R, Azodo, IA, Heffernan, D, Chun, T, Stephen, A, Sion, M, Weinstein, MS, Punja, V, Bugaev, N, Goodstein, M, Razmdjou, S, Etchill, E, Puyana, JC, Kesinger, M, Napolitano, L, To, K, Hemmila, M, Todd, O, Jenner, E, Hoogakker, E, Chen, JHC, Ismail, L, Roi, D, Escobar, EG, Clinicum, II kirurgian klinikka, Department of Surgery, Pertti Panula / Principal Investigator, HUS Abdominal Center, and OMÜ
Subjects: Male, SURGERY, Disease, 030230 surgery, DISEASE, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Appendicitis, Appendectomy, Global surgery, Laparoscopic, Operative standards, Postoperative care, Postoperative complications, Surgical site infection, 80 and over, Medicine, Prospective Studies, appendectomy, appendicitis, global surgery, laparoscopic, operative standards, postoperative care, postoperative complications, surgical site infection, Prospective cohort study, Laparoscopy, Child, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, HEALTH, BURDEN, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Developing country, APPENDECTOMY, GlobalSurg Collaborative, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Internal medicine, Surgery, Humans, Emergency appendectomy, Surgical emergency, Propensity Score, Developing Countries, Aged, Science & Technology, SURGICAL CARE, business.industry, Developed Countries, Kirurgi, 1103 Clinical Sciences, medicine.disease, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, Emergencies, Follow-Up Studies, Postoperative Complications, business
Abstract: Mak, Tony W. C./0000-0002-4516-3124; Peycelon, Matthieu/0000-0003-3617-4849; Ng, Simon S. M./0000-0002-5389-9297; Negida, Ahmed/0000-0001-5363-6369; Di Saverio, Salomone/0000-0001-5685-5022; Poskus, Tomas/0000-0002-6931-6041; Mihanovic, Jakov/0000-0001-6450-2956; Lund, Jonathan/0000-0001-5195-2181; Alshara, Ahmed/0000-0002-8127-3873; Maffioli, Anna/0000-0001-7116-4019; Smart, Neil/0000-0002-3043-8324; Roslani, April Camilla/0000-0003-2458-965X; Elfeki, Hossam/0000-0003-0704-4068; Samaraweera, Dulan/0000-0001-8334-8157; Mironescu, Aurel/0000-0003-1827-6948; Gemeah, Mostafa/0000-0002-9145-9348; Antar, Sarah/0000-0001-6091-2835; Labib, Peter LZ/0000-0003-2362-9218; Nouh, Thamer/0000-0002-7118-7453; Soreide, Kjetil/0000-0001-7594-4354; Rabie, Mohamed A/0000-0001-7799-2931; Ansaloni, Luca/0000-0001-6427-0307; Pata, Francesco/0000-0003-2634-1199; Barneo, Luis/0000-0001-9410-4262; Fahmy, Mohamed/0000-0002-3570-1742; Coccolini, Federico/0000-0001-6364-4186; Mikalauskas, Saulius/0000-0002-5191-1491; ALI, EMAD ALI AHMED/0000-0003-4384-0934; Cirocchi, Roberto/0000-0002-2457-0636; Nepogodiev, Dmitri/0000-0002-2171-2862; Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman/0000-0002-7100-7723; Zalabia, Mohamed Fadel/0000-0003-2372-2914; Fahmy, Mohamed A Baky/0000-0002-3570-1742; Glasbey, James/0000-0001-7688-5018; Shaikh, Shafaque/0000-0002-4536-9595; Furqan, Muhammad Mohsin/0000-0003-0719-5069; Boddy, Alexander P/0000-0001-7243-0155; Vimalachandran, Dale/0000-0001-5817-8969; Iordache, Florin/0000-0001-7108-7279; Merlini, David A/0000-0002-7981-7149; Beuran, Mircea/0000-0002-0889-1675; Jaffry, Zahra/0000-0003-4101-2246; Hassan, Mariam/0000-0001-6160-9723; Mohan, Midhun/0000-0002-1865-8623; Germanos, Stylianos/0000-0002-1640-1226; afifi, ahmed/0000-0002-4294-8217; Alhendy, Mohammed/0000-0003-3434-1156; Ozkan, Bahar Busra/0000-0002-0939-8049; Todd, Oliver/0000-0001-7212-8095; Ali, Ased/0000-0001-9576-9047; Torrance, Hew David/0000-0002-3854-1748; Morsi, Mahmoud/0000-0002-6621-0751; Lawal, Taiwo Akeem/0000-0002-8632-5783; Bondurri, Andrea/0000-0002-6521-5876; Chapman, Stephen/0000-0003-2413-5690; morsi, mahmoud/0000-0001-6825-7361; Arman, Sam/0000-0001-9620-5171; Lopez, Crislee/0000-0002-8775-3675; van Duren, Bernard/0000-0003-1877-8227; Hanrahan, Michael/0000-0002-2358-5975; , paolo/0000-0001-9844-3149; Lim, Shujing Jane/0000-0003-4970-7405; Turati, Luca/0000-0002-6958-6682; Shehata, Sherif/0000-0002-9733-006X; LAWANI, Ismail/0000-0001-5022-6313; FAURE, alice/0000-0002-3327-6391; Attia, Attia/0000-0003-2602-7263; Tham, Ji Chung/0000-0003-1796-9347; Segovia Lohse, Helmut Alfredo/0000-0003-3255-5345; Sgroi, Giovanni/0000-0003-4956-124X; Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan/0000-0003-3013-1792; Warren, Oliver/0000-0001-8948-7473; SHAWKI, Marwan/0000-0001-6053-5523; Abbo, Olivier/0000-0002-4202-4284; Fitzgerald, James/0000-0002-4453-5117; Thorell, Anders/0000-0001-7238-1728; Daniels, Ian/0000-0002-9114-0812; Khatri, Chetan/0000-0002-3961-1314; Hassanain, Mazen/0000-0002-2441-5142; Wright, Naomi/0000-0003-4105-8009; Elgebaly, Ahmed/0000-0002-8324-0960; Tanase, Andrei/0000-0001-9465-8302; IMOROU SOUAIBOU, Yacoubou/0000-0002-1908-6698; Scalabre, Aurelien/0000-0001-7361-1900; Pata, Giacomo/0000-0001-7867-9349; McGuigan, Andrew/0000-0002-5097-5063; Marshall, Dominic/0000-0002-3498-2511; Stoddart, Michael/0000-0001-7346-324X; Amandito, Radhian/0000-0002-1211-7973; Hammad, Ali/0000-0003-1894-3480; ZANI, AUGUSTO/0000-0003-2283-9846 WOS: 000438285100004 PubMed: 29623470 Background Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. Methods This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. Results 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). Conclusion A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. Trial registration: NCT02179112. DFID-MRC-Wellcome Trust Joint Global Health Trial Development Grant [MR/N022114/1]; Wellcome Trust Biomedical Vacation ScholarshipsWellcome Trust; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Global Health Research Unit GrantNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR) [NIHR 17-0799] Funded by a DFID-MRC-Wellcome Trust Joint Global Health Trial Development Grant (MR/N022114/1), a Wellcome Trust Biomedical Vacation Scholarships (2015), and a National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Global Health Research Unit Grant (NIHR 17-0799). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, or the UK Department of Health and Social Care.
Published: 2018
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18. Incidentally Raised Cardiac Troponin I Has a Worse Prognosis in Older Patients Compared to Those with Normal Cardiac Troponin I and Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cohort Study

Author: M Justin Zaman, Robert Spooner, Allan Clark, K Honney, Joao H. Bettencourt-Silva, Yoon K. Loke, Phyo K. Myint, and Gurdeep S. Mannu
Subjects: Male, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Renal function, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Troponin I, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Hospitals, Teaching, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Incidental Findings, biology, business.industry, C-reactive protein, Age Factors, Odds ratio, Length of Stay, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Surgery, C-Reactive Protein, biology.protein, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Biomarkers, Cohort study
Abstract: Background: Incidentally elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels are common in acutely unwell older patients. However, little is known about how this impacts on the prognosis of these patients. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether incidentally elevated cTnI levels (group 1) are associated with poorer outcome when compared to age- and sex-matched patients without an elevated cTnI level (group 2), and to patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (group 3). Patients and Methods: This prospective, matched cohort study placed patients ≥75 years old who were admitted to a University teaching hospital into groups 1-3, based on the cTnI levels and underlying diagnosis. Outcomes were compared between the groups using mixed-effects regression models and adjusted for renal function and C-reactive protein. All-cause mortality at discharge, at 1 month and 3 months, alongside the length of hospital stay (LOS), were recorded. Results: In total, 315 patients were included, with 105 patients in each of the 3 groups. The mean age was 84.8 ± 5.5 years, with 41.9% males. All patients were followed up for 3 months. The percent all-cause mortality at discharge and the LOS for groups 1, 2 and 3 were 12.4, 3.8 and 8.6% and 11.2, 8.5 and 7.7 days, respectively. Group 1 had significantly increased mortality at 3 months [odds ratio (OR) 2.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-6.96; p = 0.040] and LOS (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.08-1.79; p = 0.008) compared to group 2 and did not differ significantly when compared to 3-month mortality (OR 2.39, 95% CI 0.91-6.29; p = 0.079) or LOS (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.96-1.66; p = 0.097) in group 3. Conclusion: There is a significant association between an incidental rise in cTnI level with mortality and LOS in older patients. Further research is required to evaluate whether a more systematic management of these patients would improve the prognosis.
Published: 2016
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19. Early diagnosis of bladder cancer through the detection of urinary tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins

Author: Agata Notarpietro, Giuliana Giribaldi, Dario Fontana, Paolo Destefanis, Amina Khadjavi, Franca Mannu, Giovanni Fiorito, Paolo Vineis, Silvia Polidoro, Carlotta Sacerdote, Francesco Michelangelo Turrini, F Castagno, Paolo Gontero, Giuseppe Matullo, Antonino Battaglia, Marco Allasia, Antonella Pantaleo, Bruno Frea, and Mauro Prato
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Oncology, Urinary system, Pilot Projects, urinary tumour markers, Gastroenterology, Cohort Studies, diagnostic assay, Internal medicine, medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Molecular Diagnostics, Early Detection of Cancer, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Aged, 80 and over, Bladder cancer, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Confounding, Case-control study, Cystoscopy, Middle Aged, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, medicine.disease, urinary tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, Phosphoproteins, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Cohort, bladder cancer, Tyrosine, Female, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Background: A noninvasive, highly sensitive and specific urine test is needed for bladder cancer (BC) diagnosis and surveillance in addition to the invasive cystoscopy. We previously described the diagnostic effectiveness of urinary tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins (UPY) and a new assay (UPY-A) for their measurement in a pilot study. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performances of the UPY-A using an independent cohort of 262 subjects. Methods: Urinary tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins were measured by UPY-A test. The area under ROC curve, cutoff, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of UPY-A were determined. The association of UPY levels with tumour staging, grading, recurrence and progression risk was analysed by Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon's test. To test the probability to be a case if positive at the UPY-A, a logistic test adjusted for possible confounding factor was used. Results: Results showed a significant difference of UPY levels between patients with BC vs healthy controls. For the best cutoff value, 261.26 Standard Units (SU), the sensitivity of the assay was 80.43% and the specificity was 78.82%. A statistically significant difference was found in the levels of UPY at different BC stages and grades between Ta and T1 and with different risk of recurrence and progression. A statistically significant increased risk for BC at UPY-A ⩾261.26 SU was observed. Conclusions: The present study supplies important information on the diagnostic characteristics of UPY-A revealing remarkable performances for early stages and allowing its potential use for different applications encompassing the screening of high-risk subjects, primary diagnosis and posttreatment surveillance.
Published: 2015

20. Plasma concentrations of transthyretin in older Sardinians including centenarians

Author: Luca Deiana, Ciriaco Carru, Salvatore Sotgia, Sara Pasella, Elisabetta Canu, Marta Deiana, Andrea Mannu, Angela Baralla, Arduino A. Mangoni, Simone Dore, Giovanni Sotgiu, Sara Pinna, and Angelo Zinellu
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Age and sex, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Elisa kit, Sex Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prealbumin, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Fetus, biology, Geriatrics gerontology, business.industry, Sardinian population, Age Factors, Healthy subjects, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Middle Aged, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Transthyretin, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Italy, Plasma concentration, biology.protein, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business
Abstract: Plasma concentrations of transthyretin (TTR), a negative acute-phase protein, can be influenced by many factors including aging. Under physiological circumstances, TTR concentrations are very low in the fetus, increase slowly after birth up to the fifth decade and, then, decrease slowly. Some studies have shown sex-related differences up to about 70 years, when the differences disappear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in TTR concentrations in healthy males and females aged more than sixty, including numerous centenarians living in Sardinia, a large Italian island located in the Mediterranean Sea. The study sample consisted of 211 healthy subjects grouped by age and sex (male/female ratio: 1:1). Plasma TTR was assessed using a non-competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA Assaypro LLC, prealbumin AssayMAX Human ELISA Kit). In subjects aged between 60 and 99 years, plasma TTR concentrations were higher compared to the reference ranges reported by CRM 470. Moreover, unlike other studies, sex-related differences in TTR concentrations were only observed in nonagenarians and centenarians. We hypothesize that there are TTR-related genetic differences between the Sardinian population and other Caucasian ethnic groups. Further studies and a larger sample are needed to confirm our hypothesis.
Published: 2015
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21. Periodontal health in teenagers treated with removable aligners and fixed orthodontic appliances

Author: Germano Orrù, Luca Levrini, Alberto Caprioglio, Paola Montanari, Maria Paola Caria, Carla Mannu, and Gian Marco Abbate
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Bleeding on probing, Dentistry, Oral Health, Orthodontics, Orthodontic brackets, Oral hygiene, Mandibular first molar, law.invention, Gingivitis, Randomized controlled trial, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, law, Orthodontic Appliances, Removable, medicine, Humans, Maxillary central incisor, MOUTH BLEEDING, Child, Periodontal Diseases, Inflammation, Dental caries, White spot lesions, Oral Surgery, business.industry, Incidence, Bacterial Infections, Oral Hygiene, Treatment Outcome, Italy, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Patient Compliance, Female, Periodontal Index, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the microbiological and periodontal changes occurring in adolescents during 12 months of orthodontic therapy with removable aligners and with fixed appliances. During the years 2012–2013, 50 teenagers aged 10–18 years with similar initial orthodontic conditions participated in this trial in a university clinic in northern Italy. After receiving professional oral hygiene and instructions on a standardized oral hygiene protocol, the adolescents were randomly assigned to either orthodontic treatment with traditional fixed brackets (n = 25) or to treatment with Invisalign® aligners (n = 25). Subgingival microbiological samples, probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were obtained and documented from the mesiovestibular subgingival sulcus of the upper right first molar and left central incisor at the beginning of treatment and 3, 6, and 12 months later. Compliance with oral hygiene procedures, full mouth plaque score (FMPS), and full mouth bleeding score (FMBS) were assessed at the beginning of treatment and 12 months later. Two sample independent t-tests and the χ2 test were used to study whether the indices of periodontal health differed in the teenagers due to the experimental conditions. None of the patients was positive for the periodontal anaerobes analyzed. The PI, PD, BOP, FMPS, and FMBS scores were significantly lower and compliance with oral hygiene was significantly higher in the group treated with Invisalign® than in the group treated with fixed brackets. Teenagers treated with removable appliances display better compliance with oral hygiene, less plaque, and fewer gingival inflammatory reactions than their peers with fixed appliances.
Published: 2015
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22. Aberrant expression of CD10 and BCL6 in mantle cell lymphoma

Author: Francesco Piazza, Francesca Galuppini, Elena Sabattini, Claudio Agostinelli, Matteo Fassan, Massimo Rugge, Marco Pizzi, Simona Righi, Gianpietro Semenzato, Andrea Visentin, Claudia Mannu, Anna Gazzola, Pizzi, Marco, Agostinelli, Claudio, Righi, Simona, Gazzola, Anna, Mannu, Claudia, Galuppini, Francesca, Fassan, Matteo, Visentin, Andrea, Piazza, Francesco, Semenzato, Gianpietro C, Rugge, Massimo, and Sabattini, Elena
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, Proliferation index, Somatic cell, BCL6, mantle cell lymphoma, Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell, Biology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Cyclin D1, FISH, immune system diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, CD10, immunohistochemistry, 2734, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Sanger sequencing, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6, symbols, Immunohistochemistry, Female, Neprilysin, Mantle cell lymphoma, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains, 030215 immunology, Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Abstract: Aims Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by distinctive histologic and molecular features. Aberrant expression of BCL6 and CD10 has occasionally been reported, but the biological features of such cases are largely unknown. This study aimed to define the epidemiologic, histologic and cytogenetic characteristics of BCL6 and CD10-positive MCLs, also investigating possible biological features. Methods and Results 165 cases of cyclin D1 and t(11;14)(q13;q34) positive MCLs were studied for CD10 and BCL6 immunohistochemical expression which was documented in 26/165 (15.8%) cases (BCL6 17/165; CD10 11/165; BCL6 and CD10 co-expression 2/165). CD10-positivity was significantly more frequent in females (63.3%; p
Published: 2017

23. Hsa-miR-15a and Hsa-miR-16-1 Expression Is Not Related to Proliferation Centers Abundance and Other Prognostic Factors in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Author: Claudia Mannu, Anna Gazzola, Maria Antonella Laginestra, Gian Matteo Rigolin, Antonio Cuneo, Simona Righi, Stefano Pileri, Marco Luciani, Fabio Fuligni, Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Maria Ciccone, Maura Rossi, Maria Rosaria Sapienza, Claudio Agostinelli, Rossi M, Fuligni F, Ciccone M, Agostinelli C, Righi S, Luciani M, Laginestra MA, Rigolin GM, Sapienza MR, Gazzola A, Mannu C, Cuneo A, Pileri S, and Piccaluga PP
Subjects: Male, Article Subject, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lcsh:Medicine, Chromosome Disorders, CD38, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Downregulation and upregulation, leukimia, microRNA, medicine, Humans, Lymph node, Aged, Cell Proliferation, Aged, 80 and over, Regulation of gene expression, Paraffin Embedding, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13, General Immunology and Microbiology, Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic, ZAP70, lcsh:R, miR, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell, MicroRNAs, Leukemia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology, Cancer research, Female, Lymph Nodes, Chromosome Deletion, Research Article
Abstract: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) is the commonest leukemia in adults. Here, we aimed to evaluate hsa-miR-15a/hsa-miR-16-1 expression in CLL tissues by qPCR and correlate it with the other clinicopathological features and clinical outcome. 40 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lymph node samples obtained from CLL/SLL patients were classified into two categories, “PCs rich” and “typical.” We found a significant common expression level of 4 miRNAs; however, we did not find any significant relationship between PCs presence and miRNAs expression. Moreover, neither the presence of 13q deletion nor the percentage of cells carrying the deletion strictly correlated with miRNAs expression levels, although a significant number of patients with 13q deletion presented hsa-miR-16-1-3p levels below the median value in normal samples (P<0.05). Finally, although no correlation was found between the expression of each miRNA and other clinicopathological features (Ki67, CD38, ZAP70, and IGVH@ hypermutations), the OS curves showed a positive trend in patients with miRNAs downregulation, though not statistically significant. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that all miRNAs can be successfully studied in FFPE CLL tissues and that del13q and PCs richness do not strictly correspond to miRNAs downregulation; therefore, a specific evaluation may be envisaged at least in patients enrolled in clinical trials.
Published: 2013
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24. Effect of radiotherapy after mastectomy and axillary surgery on 10-year recurrence and 20-year breast cancer mortality: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 8135 women in 22 randomised trials

Author: Mcgale, P., Taylor, C., Correa, C., Cutter, D., Duane, F., Ewertz, M., Gray, R., Mannu, G., Peto, R., Whelan, T., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Darby, S., Albain, K., Anderson, S., Arriagada, R., Barlow, W., Bergh, J., Bergsten Nordström, E., Bliss, J., Burrett, J. A., Buyse, M., Cameron, D., Carrasco, E., Clarke, M., Coleman, R., Coates, A., Collins, R., Costantino, J., Cuzick, J., Davidson, N., Davies, C., Davies, K., Delmestri, A., Di Leo, A., Dowsett, M., Elphinstone, P., Evans, V., Forbes, J., Gelber, R., Gettins, L., Geyer, C., Gianni, L., Gnant, M., Goldhirsch, A., Godwin, J., Gregory, C., Hayes, D., Hill, C., Ingle, J., Jakesz, R., James, S., Janni, W., Kaufmann, M., Kerr, A., Liu, H., Mackinnon, E., Martín, M., Mchugh, T., Morris, P., Norton, L., Ohashi, Y., Paik, S., Pan, H. C., Perez, E., Piccart, M., Pierce, L., Pritchard, K., Pruneri, G., Raina, V., Ravdin, P., Robertson, J., Rutgers, E., Shao, Y. F., Sparano, J., Swain, S., Valagussa, P., Viale, G., Von Minckwitz, G., Winer, E., Wiang, X., Wood, Abe O, W., Abe, R, Enomoto, K, Kikuchi, K, Koyama, H, Masuda, H, Nomura, Y, Ohashi, Y, Sakai, K, Sugimachi, K, Toi, M, Tominaga, T, Uchino, J, Yoshida, M, Haybittle, Jl, Leonard, Cf, Calais, G, Geraud, P, Collett, V, Davies, C, Delmestri, A, Sayer, J, Harvey, Vj, Holdaway, Im, Kay, Rg, Mason, Bh, Forbes, Jf, Wilcken, N, Bartsch, R, Dubsky, P, Fesl, C, Fohler, H, Gnant, M, Greil, R, Jakesz, R, Lang, A, Luschin-Ebengreuth, G, Marth, C, Mlineritsch, B, Samonigg, H, Singer, Cf, Steger, Gg, Stöger, H, Canney, P, Yosef, Hm, Focan, C, Peek, U, Oates, Gd, Powell, J, Durand, M, Mauriac, L, Di Leo, A, Dolci, S, Larsimont, D, Nogaret, Jm, Philippson, C, Piccart, Mj, Masood, Mb, Parker, D, Price, Jj, Lindsay, Ma, Mackey, J, Martin, M, Hupperets, Ps, Bates, T, Blamey, Rw, Chetty, U, Ellis, Io, Mallon, E, Morgan, Da, Patnick, J, Pinder, S, Olivotto, I, Ragaz, J, Berry, D, Broadwater, G, Cirrincione, C, Muss, H, Norton, L, Weiss, Rb, Abu-Zahra, Ht, Portnoj, Sm, Bowden, S, Brookes, C, Dunn, J, Fernando, I, Lee, M, Poole, C, Rea, D, Spooner, D, Barrett-Lee, Pj, Mansel, Re, Monypenny, Ij, Gordon, Nh, Davis, Hl, Cuzick, J, Lehingue, Y, Romestaing, P, Dubois, Jb, Delozier, T, Griffon, B, Mace Lesech, J, Brain, E, de La Lande, B, Mouret-Fourme, E, Mustacchi, G, Petruzelka, L, Pribylova, O, Owen, Jr, Harbeck, N, Jänicke, F, Meisner, C, Schmitt, M, Thomssen, C, Meier, P, Shan, Y, Shao, Yf, Wang, X, Zhao, Db, Chen, Zm, Pan, Hc, Howell, A, Swindell, R, Burrett, Ja, Clarke, M, Collins, R, Correa, C, Cutter, D, Darby, S, Davies, K, Elphinstone, P, Evans, V, Gettins, L, Godwin, J, Gray, R, Gregory, C, Hermans, D, Hicks, C, James, S, Kerr, A, Liu, H, Mackinnon, E, Lay, M, Mcgale, P, Mchugh, T, Morris, P, Peto, R, Taylor, C, Wang, Y, Albano, J, de Oliveira CF, Gervásio, H, Gordilho, J, Ejlertsen, B, Jensen, Mb, Johansen, H, Mouridsen, H, Palshof, T, Gelman, Rs, Harris, Jr, Hayes, D, Henderson, C, Shapiro, Cl, Winer, E, Christiansen, P, Ewertz, M, Møller, S, Mouridsen, Ht, Trampisch, Hj, Dalesio, O, de Vries EG, Rodenhuis, S, van Tinteren, H, Comis, Rl, Davidson, Ne, Robert, N, Sledge, G, Solin, Lj, Sparano, Ja, Tormey, Dc, Wood, W, Cameron, D, Dixon, Jm, Forrest, P, Jack, W, Kunkler, I, Rossbach, J, Klijn, Jg, Treurniet-Donker, Ad, van Putten WL, Rotmensz, N, Veronesi, U, Viale, G, Bartelink, H, Bijker, N, Bogaerts, J, Cardoso, F, Cufer, T, Julien, Jp, Rutgers, E, van de Velde CJ, Cunningham, Mp, Huovinen, R, Joensuu, H, Costa, A, Bonadonna, G, Gianni, L, Valagussa, P, Goldstein, Lj, Bonneterre, J, Fargeot, P, Fumoleau, P, Kerbrat, P, Luporsi, E, Namer, M, Eiermann, W, Hilfrich, J, Jonat, W, Kaufmann, M, Kreienberg, R, Schumacher, M, Bastert, G, Rauschecker, H, Sauer, R, Sauerbrei, W, Schauer, A, Blohmer, Ju, Costa, Sd, Eidtmann, H, Gerber, B, Jackisch, C, Loibl, S, von Minckwitz, G, de Schryver, A, Vakaet, L, Belfiglio, M, Nicolucci, A, Pellegrini, F, Pirozzoli, Mc, Sacco, M, Valentini, M, Mcardle, Cs, Smith, Dc, Stallard, S, Dent, Dm, Gudgeon, Ca, Hacking, A, Murray, E, Panieri, E, Werner, Id, Carrasco, E, Segui, Ma, Galligioni, E, Lopez, M, Erazo, A, Medina, Jy, Horiguchi, J, Takei, H, Fentiman, Is, Hayward, Jl, Rubens, Rd, Skilton, D, Scheurlen, H, Sohn, Hc, Untch, M, Dafni, U, Markopoulos, C, Fountzilas, G, Mavroudis, D, Klefstrom, P, Blomqvist, C, Saarto, T, Gallen, M, Tinterri, C, Margreiter, R, de Lafontan, B, Mihura, J, Roché, H, Asselain, B, Salmon, Rj, Vilcoq, Jr, André, F, Arriagada, R, Delaloge, S, Hill, C, Koscielny, S, Michiels, S, Rubino, C, A'Hern, R, Bliss, J, Ellis, P, Kilburn, L, Yarnold, Jr, Benraadt, J, Kooi, M, van de Velde AO, van Dongen JA, Vermorken, Jb, Castiglione, M, Coates, A, Colleoni, M, Collins, J, Forbes, J, Gelber, Rd, Goldhirsch, A, Lindtner, J, Price, Kn, Regan, Mm, Rudenstam, Cm, Senn, Hj, Thuerlimann, B, Bliss, Jm, Chilvers, Ce, Coombes, Rc, Hall, E, Marty, M, Buyse, M, Possinger, K, Schmid, P, Wallwiener, D, Foster, L, George, Wd, Stewart, Hj, Stroner, P, Borovik, R, Hayat, H, Inbar, Mj, Peretz, T, Robinson, E, Bruzzi, P, Del Mastro, L, Pronzato, P, Sertoli, Mr, Venturini, M, Camerini, T, De Palo, G, Di Mauro MG, Formelli, F, Amadori, D, Martoni, A, Pannuti, F, Camisa, R, Cocconi, G, Colozza, A, Passalacqua, R, Aogi, K, Takashima, S, Abe, O, Ikeda, T, Inokuchi, K, Sawa, K, Sonoo, H, Korzeniowski, S, Skolyszewski, J, Ogawa, M, Yamashita, J, Bastiaannet, E, van de Water, W, van Nes JG, Christiaens, R, Neven, P, Paridaens, R, Van den Bogaert, W, Braun, S, Martin, P, Romain, S, Janauer, M, Seifert, M, Sevelda, P, Zielinski, Cc, Hakes, T, Hudis, Ca, Wittes, R, Giokas, G, Kondylis, D, Lissaios, B, de la Huerta, R, Sainz, Mg, Altemus, R, Camphausen, K, Cowan, K, Danforth, D, Lichter, A, Lippman, M, O'Shaughnessy, J, Pierce, Lj, Steinberg, S, Venzon, D, Zujewski, Ja, D'Amico, C, Lioce, M, Paradiso, A, Chapman, Ja, Gelmon, K, Goss, Pe, Levine, Mn, Meyer, R, Parulekar, W, Pater, Jl, Pritchard, Ki, Shepherd, Le, Tu, D, Whelan, T, Ohno, S, Anderson, S, Bass, G, Brown, A, Bryant, J, Costantino, J, Dignam, J, Fisher, B, Geyer, C, Mamounas, Ep, Paik, S, Redmond, C, Swain, S, Wickerham, L, Wolmark, N, Baum, M, Jackson, Im, Palmer, Mk, Perez, E, Ingle, Jn, Suman, Vj, Bengtsson, No, Emdin, S, Jonsson, H, Lythgoe, Jp, Kissin, M, Erikstein, B, Hannisdal, E, Jacobsen, Ab, Varhaug, Je, Gundersen, S, Hauer-Jensen, M, Høst, H, Nissen-Meyer, R, Reinertsen, K, Mitchell, Ak, Robertson, Jf, Ueo, H, Di Palma, M, Mathé, G, Misset, Jl, Levine, M, Morimoto, K, Takatsuka, Y, Crossley, E, Harris, A, Talbot, D, Taylor, M, di Blasio, B, Ivanov, V, Paltuev, R, Semiglazov, V, Brockschmidt, J, Cooper, Mr, Falkson, Ci, Dowsett, M, Makris, A, Parton, M, Pennert, K, Powles, Tj, Smith, Ie, Gazet, Jc, Browne, L, Graham, P, Corcoran, N, Businico, A, Deshpande, N, di Martino, L, Douglas, P, Lindtner, A, Notter, G, Bryant, Aj, Ewing, Gh, Firth, La, Krushen-Kosloski, Jl, Anderson, H, Killander, F, Malmström, P, Rydén, L, Arnesson, Lg, Carstensen, J, Dufmats, M, Fohlin, H, Nordenskjöld, B, Söderberg, M, Carpenter, Jt, Murray, N, Royle, Gt, Simmonds, Pd, Albain, K, Barlow, W, Crowley, J, Gralow, J, Hortobagyi, G, Livingston, R, Martino, S, Osborne, Ck, Ravdin, Pm, Adolfsson, J, Bergh, J, Bondesson, T, Celebioglu, F, Dahlberg, K, Fornander, T, Fredriksson, I, Frisell, J, Göransson, E, Iiristo, M, Johansson, U, Lenner, E, Löfgren, L, Nikolaidis, P, Perbeck, L, Rotstein, S, Sandelin, K, Skoog, L, Svane, G, af Trampe, E, Wadström, C, Janni, W, Maibach, R, Thürlimann, B, Hakama, M, Holli, K, Isola, J, Rouhento, K, Saaristo, R, Brenner, H, Hercbergs, A, Yoshimoto, M, Paterson, Ah, Fyles, A, Meakin, Jw, Panzarella, T, Bahi, J, Reid, M, Spittle, M, Bishop, H, Bundred, Nj, Forsyth, S, Pinder, Se, Sestak, I, Deutsch, Gp, Kwong, Dl, Pai, Vr, Senanayake, F, Martin, Al, Boccardo, F, Rubagotti, A, Hackshaw, A, Houghton, J, Ledermann, J, Monson, K, Tobias, Js, Carlomagno, C, De Laurentiis, M, De Placido, S, Williams, L, Broglio, K, Buzdar, Au, Hsu, L, Love, Rr, Ahlgren, J, Garmo, H, Holmberg, L, Liljegren, G, Lindman, H, Wärnberg, F, Asmar, L, Jones, Se, Gluz, O, Liedtke, C, Nitz, U, Litton, A, Wallgren, A, Karlsson, P, Linderholm, Bk, Chlebowski, Rt, Caffier, H., McGale, P, Taylor, C, Correa, C, Cutter, D, Duane, F, Ewertz, M, Gray, R, Mannu, G, Peto, R, Whelan, T, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Darby, S, Biomedische Technologie, RS: GROW - Oncology, RS: GROW - R3 - Innovative Cancer Diagnostics & Therapy, Mcgale, P, DE LAURENTIIS, Michelino, Other departments, CCA -Cancer Center Amsterdam, and Radiotherapy
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Breast Neoplasms, Rate ratio, Lower risk, Systemic therapy, Statistical significance, Medicine, Humans, Mastectomy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, business.industry, Articles, General Medicine, Surgery, Radiation therapy, Axilla, Neoplasm Recurrence, medicine.anatomical_structure, Local, Meta-analysis, Lymphatic Metastasis, Lymph Node Excision, Female, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business, Breast Neoplasm, Human
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Postmastectomy radiotherapy was shown in previous meta-analyses to reduce the risks of both recurrence and breast cancer mortality in all women with node-positive disease considered together. However, the benefit in women with only one to three positive lymph nodes is uncertain. We aimed to assess the effect of radiotherapy in these women after mastectomy and axillary dissection.METHODS: We did a meta-analysis of individual data for 8135 women randomly assigned to treatment groups during 1964-86 in 22 trials of radiotherapy to the chest wall and regional lymph nodes after mastectomy and axillary surgery versus the same surgery but no radiotherapy. Follow-up lasted 10 years for recurrence and to Jan 1, 2009, for mortality. Analyses were stratified by trial, individual follow-up year, age at entry, and pathological nodal status.FINDINGS: 3786 women had axillary dissection to at least level II and had zero, one to three, or four or more positive nodes. All were in trials in which radiotherapy included the chest wall, supraclavicular or axillary fossa (or both), and internal mammary chain. For 700 women with axillary dissection and no positive nodes, radiotherapy had no significant effect on locoregional recurrence (two-sided significance level [2p]>0·1), overall recurrence (rate ratio [RR], irradiated vs not, 1·06, 95% CI 0·76-1·48, 2p>0·1), or breast cancer mortality (RR 1·18, 95% CI 0·89-1·55, 2p>0·1). For 1314 women with axillary dissection and one to three positive nodes, radiotherapy reduced locoregional recurrence (2pINTERPRETATION: After mastectomy and axillary dissection, radiotherapy reduced both recurrence and breast cancer mortality in the women with one to three positive lymph nodes in these trials even when systemic therapy was given. For today's women, who in many countries are at lower risk of recurrence, absolute gains might be smaller but proportional gains might be larger because of more effective radiotherapy.FUNDING: Cancer Research UK, British Heart Foundation, UK Medical Research Council.
Published: 2016
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25. Retinoic Acid Receptor γ Activity in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulates Endochondral Bone, Angiogenesis, and B Lymphopoiesis

Author: Alanna C, Green, Victoria, Rudolph-Stringer, Lenny, Straszkowski, Gavin, Tjin, Blessing, Crimeen-Irwin, Mannu, Walia, T John, Martin, Natalie A, Sims, and Louise E, Purton
Subjects: Male, B-Lymphocytes, Bone Development, Osteoblasts, Tibia, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Lymphopoiesis, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Osteoclasts, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Mice, Transgenic, Organ Size, Bone and Bones, Bone Marrow, Osteogenesis, Cancellous Bone, Cortical Bone, Animals, Female
Abstract: Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling regulates bone structure and hematopoiesis through intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. This study aimed to establish how early in the osteoblast lineage loss of RARγ (Rarg) disrupts the bone marrow microenvironment. Bone structure was analyzed by micro-computed tomography (μCT) in Rarg
Published: 2018

26. Modifiable Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Author: Uzoma N. Ibebuogu, Muhammad Shahreyar, Rami N. Khouzam, Chioma C. Nwagbara, Oluwaseun A. Akinseye, Mannu Nayyar, Salem A. Salem, and Mohamed Morsy
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Transcatheter aortic, Databases, Factual, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Logistic regression, Risk prediction models, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Valve replacement, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospital Mortality, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, In hospital mortality, business.industry, Models, Cardiovascular, General Medicine, Aortic Valve Stenosis, medicine.disease, United States, Aortic valve stenosis, Case-Control Studies, Emergency medicine, Female, business, Index hospitalization
Abstract: Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become an acceptable therapy for patients with severe aortic valve stenosis at high or prohibitive surgical risk. Attempts are ongoing to validate risk prediction models for in-hospital mortality after TAVR. Our aim was to define modifiable risk factors predictive of in-hospital mortality after TAVR. Methods We identified patients who underwent TAVR from the 2012 database of the National Inpatient Sample. Patients who died during the index hospitalization were compared to those that were successfully discharged. The predictors of in-hospital mortality were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 1,360 patients (mean age 81 ± 8.8 years, whites 80.1%, blacks 3.5%) had TAVR and 68 (5%) died during hospitalization (χ2 [1, n = 1,360] = 1,101.6, P Conclusions Fluid and electrolyte disturbance could be a modifiable predictor of in-hospital mortality following TAVR. Efforts should be geared towards reducing its occurrence in this patient population.
Published: 2017

27. 20-year risks of breast-cancer recurrence after stopping endocrine therapy at 5 years

Author: Pan, H, Gray, R, Braybrooke, J, Davies, C, Taylor, C, Mcgale, P, Peto, R, Pritchard, Ki, Bergh, J, Dowsett, M, Hayes, Df, Albain, K, Anderson, S, Arriagada, R, Barlow, W, Bartlett, J, Bergsten‐nordström, E, Bliss, J, Boccardo, F, Bradley, R, Brain, E, Cameron, D, Clarke, M, Coates, A, Coleman, R, Correa, C, Costantino, J, Cuzick, J, Davidson, N, Dodwell, D, Di Leo, A, Ewertz, M, Forbes, J, Gelber, R, Gnant, M, Goldhirsch, A, Goodwin, P, Hill, C, Ingle, J, Jagsi, R, Janni, W, Loibl, S, Mackinnon, E, Martin, M, Mukai, H, Norton, L, Ohashi, Y, Paik, S, Perez, E, Piccart, M, Pierce, L, Poortmans, P, Raina, V, Ravdin, P, Regan, M, Robertson, J, Rutgers, E, Slamon, D, Sparano, J, Swain, S, Tutt, A, Viale, G, Von Minckwitz, G, Wang, X, Whelan, T, Wilcken, N, Winer, E, Wolmark, N, Wood, W, Zambetti, M, Alberro, Ja, Ballester, B, Deulofeu, P, Fábregas, R, Fraile, M, Gubern, Jm, Janer, J, Moral, A, De Pablo Jl, Peñalva, G, Puig, P, Ramos, M, Rojo, R, Santesteban, P, Serra, C, Solà, M, Solarnau, L, Solsona, J, Veloso, E, Vidal, S, Abe, O, Abe, R, Enomoto, K, Kikuchi, K, Koyama, H, Masuda, H, Nomura, Y, Sakai, K, Sugimachi, K, Toi, M, Tominaga, T, Uchino, J, Yoshida, M, Haybittle, Jl, Leonard, Cf, Calais, G, Garaud, P, Collett, V, Delmestri, A, Sayer, J, Harvey, Vj, Holdaway, Im, Kay, Rg, Mason, Bh, Forbes, Jf, Balic, M, Bartsch, R, Fesl, C, Fitzal, F, Fohler, H, Greil, R, Jakesz, R, Marth, C, Mlineritsch, B, Pfeiler, G, Singer, Cf, Steger, Gg, Stöger, H, Canney, P, Yosef, Hma, Focan, C, Peek, U, Oates, Gd, Powell, J, Durand, M, Mauriac, L, Dolci, S, Larsimont, D, Nogaret, Jm, Philippson, C, Piccart, Mj, Masood, Mb, Parker, D, Price, Jj, Lindsay, Ma, Mackey, J, Hupperets, Psgj, Bates, T, Blamey, Rw, Chetty, U, Ellis, Io, Mallon, E, Morgan, Dal, Patnick, J, Pinder, S, Lohrisch, C, Nichol, A, Bramwell, Vh, Chen, Be, Gelmon, K, Goss, Pe, Levine, Mn, Parulekar, W, Pater, Jl, Shepherd, Le, Tu, D, Berry, D, Broadwater, G, Cirrincione, C, Muss, H, Weiss, Rb, Abu‐zahra, Ht, Portnoj, Sm, Bowden, S, Brookes, C, Dunn, J, Fernando, I, Lee, M, Poole, C, Rea, D, Spooner, D, Barrett‐lee, Pj, Mansel, Re, Monypenny, Ij, Gordon, Nh, Davis, Hl, Sestak, I, Lehingue, Y, Romestaing, P, Dubois, Jb, Delozier, T, Griffon, B, Mace Lesec’h, J, De La Lande, B, Mouret‐fourme, E, Mustacchi, G, Petruzelka, L, Pribylova, O, Owen, Jr, Harbeck, N, Jänicke, F, Meisner, C, Schmitt, M, Thomssen, C, Meier, P, Shan, Y, Shao, Yf, Zhao, Db, Chen, Zm, Howell, A, Swindell, R, Boddington, C, Burrett, Ja, Cutter, D, Duane, F, Evans, V, Gettins, L, Godwin, J, James, S, Kerr, A, Liu, H, Mannu, G, Mchugh, T, Morris, P, Read, S, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Albano, J, De Oliveira Cf, Gervásio, H, Gordilho, J, Ejlertsen, B, Jensen, Mb, Johansen, H, Mouridsen, H, Palshof, T, Gelman, Rs, Harris, Jr, Henderson, C, Shapiro, Cl, Christiansen, P, Mouridsen, Ht, Fehm, T, Trampisch, Hj, Dalesio, O, De Vries Ege, Rodenhuis, S, Van Tinteren, H, Comis, Rl, Davidson, Ne, Robert, N, Sledge, G, Solin, Lj, Sparano, Ja, Tormey, Dc, Dixon, Jm, Forrest, P, Jack, W, Kunkler, I, Rossbach, J, Klijn, Jgm, Treurniet‐donker, Ad, Van Putten Wlj, Rotmensz, N, Veronesi, U, Bartelink, H, Bijker, N, Bogaerts, J, Cardoso, F, Cufer, T, Julien, Jp, Van De Velde Cjh, Cunningham, Mp, Brufsky, Am, Coleman, Re, Llombart, Ha, Huovinen, R, Joensuu, H, Costa, A, Bonadonna, G, Gianni, L, Valagussa, P, Goldstein, Lj, Bonneterre, J, Fargeot, P, Fumoleau, P, Kerbrat, P, Luporsi, E, Namer, M, Carrasco, E, Segui, Ma, Eiermann, W, Hilfrich, J, Jonat, W, Kaufmann, M, Kreienberg, R, Schumacher, M, Bastert, G, Rauschecker, H, Sauer, R, Sauerbrei, W, Schauer, A, Blohmer, Ju, Costa, Sd, Eidtmann, H, Gerber, B, Jackisch, C, De Schryver, A, Vakaet, L, Belfiglio, M, Nicolucci, A, Pellegrini, F, Pirozzoli, Mc, Sacco, M, Valentini, M, Mcardle, Cs, Smith, Dc, Stallard, S, Dent, Dm, Gudgeon, Ca, Hacking, A, Murray, E, Panieri, E, Werner, Id, Galligioni, E, Leone, B, Vallejo, Ct, Zwenger, A, Lopez, M, Erazo, A, Medina, Jy, Horiguchi, J, Takei, H, Fentiman, Is, Hayward, Jl, Rubens, Rd, Skilton, D, Scheurlen, H, Sohn, Hc, Untch, M, Dafni, U, Markopoulos, C, Fountzilas, G, Mavroudis, D, Klefstrom, P, Blomqvist, C, Saarto, T, Gallen, M, Tinterri, C, Margreiter, R, De Lafontan, B, Mihura, J, Roché, H, Asselain, B, Salmon, Rj, Vilcoq, Jr, André, F, Delaloge, S, Koscielny, S, Michiels, S, Rubino, C, A'Hern, R, Ellis, P, Kilburn, L, Yarnold, Jr, Benraadt, J, Kooi, M, Van De Velde Ao, Van Dongen Ja, Vermorken, Jb, Castiglione, M, Colleoni, M, Collins, J, Gelber, Rd, Lindtner, J, Price, Kn, Regan, Mm, Rudenstam, Cm, Senn, Hj, Thuerlimann, B, Bliss, Jm, Chilvers, Ced, Coombes, Rc, Hall, E, Marty, M, Buyse, M, Possinger, K, Schmid, P, Wallwiener, D, Bighin, C, Bruzzi, P, Del Mastro, L, Dozin, B, Pastorino, S, Pronzato, P, Sertoli, Mr, Foster, L, George, Wd, Stewart, Hj, Stroner, P, Borovik, R, Hayat, H, Inbar, Mj, Peretz, T, Robinson, E, Camerini, T, Formelli, F, Martelli, G, Di Mauro Mg, Perrone, F, Amadori, D, Martoni, A, Pannuti, F, Camisa, R, Musolino, A, Passalacqua, R, Iwata, H, Shien, T, Ikeda, T, Inokuchi, K, Sawa, K, Sonoo, H, Sadoon, M, Tulusan, Ah, Kohno, N, Miyashita, M, Takao, S, Ahn, Jh, Jung, Kh, Korzeniowski, S, Skolyszewski, J, Ogawa, M, Yamashita, J, Bastiaannet, E, Liefers, Gj, Christiaens, R, Neven, P, Paridaens, R, Van Den Bogaert, W, Braun, S, Martin, P, Romain, S, Janauer, M, Seifert, M, Sevelda, P, Zielinski, Cc, Hakes, T, Hudis, Ca, Wittes, R, Giokas, G, Kondylis, D, Lissaios, B, De La Huerta, R, Sainz, Mg, Ro, J, Camphausen, K, Danforth, D, Lichter, A, Lippman, M, Smart, D, Steinberg, S, D’Amico, C, Lioce, M, Paradiso, A, Ohno, S, Bass, G, Brown, A, Bryant, J, Dignam, J, Fisher, B, Geyer, C, Mamounas, Ep, Redmond, C, Wickerham, L, Aihara, T, Hozumi, Y, Baum, M, Jackson, Im, Palmer, Mk, Ingle, Jn, Suman, Vj, Bengtsson, No, Emdin, S, Jonsson, H, Venturini, M, Lythgoe, Jp, Kissin, M, Erikstein, B, Hannisdal, E, Jacobsen, Ab, Reinertsen, Kv, Varhaug, Je, Gundersen, S, Hauer‐jensen, M, Høst, H, Nissen‐meyer, R, Mitchell, Ak, Robertson, Jfr, Ueo, H, Di Palma, M, Mathé, G, Misset, Jl, Levine, M, Morimoto, K, Takatsuka, Y, Crossley, E, Harris, A, Talbot, D, Taylor, M, Cocconi, G, Di Blasio, B, Ivanov, V, Paltuev, R, Semiglazov, V, Brockschmidt, J, Cooper, Mr, Falkson, Ci, Hadji, P, A’Hern, R, Makris, A, Parton, M, Pennert, K, Powles, Tj, Smith, Ie, Gazet, Jc, Browne, L, Graham, P, Corcoran, N, Clack, G, Van Poznak, C, Deshpande, N, Di Martino, L, Douglas, P, Lindtner, A, Notter, G, Bryant, Ajs, Ewing, Gh, Firth, La, Krushen‐kosloski, Jl, Anderson, H, Killander, F, Malmström, P, Rydén, L, Arnesson, Lg, Carstensen, J, Dufmats, M, Fohlin, H, Nordenskjöld, B, Söderberg, M, Carpenter, Jt, Murray, N, Royle, Gt, Simmonds, Pd, Crowley, J, Gralow, J, Hortobagyi, G, Livingston, R, Martino, S, Osborne, Ck, Ravdin, Pm, Bondesson, T, Celebioglu, F, Dahlberg, K, Fornander, T, Fredriksson, I, Frisell, J, Göransson, E, Iiristo, M, Johansson, U, Lenner, E, Löfgren, L, Nikolaidis, P, Perbeck, L, Rotstein, S, Sandelin, K, Skoog, L, Svane, G, Af Trampe, E, Wadström, C, Maibach, R, Thürlimann, B, Holli, K, Rouhento, K, Safra, T, Brenner, H, Hercbergs, A, Yoshimoto, M, Paterson, Ahg, Fyles, A, Meakin, Jw, Panzarella, T, Bahi, J, Lemonnier, J, Martin, Al, Reid, M, Spittle, M, Bishop, H, Bundred, Nj, Forsyth, S, Pinder, Se, Deutsch, Gp, Kwong, Dlw, Pai, Vr, Senanayake, F, Rubagotti, A, Hackshaw, A, Houghton, J, Ledermann, J, Monson, K, Tobias, Js, Carlomagno, C, De Laurentiis, M, De Placido, S, Williams, L, Bell, R, Hinsley, S, Marshall, Hc, Pierce, Lj, Solomayer, E, Horsman, Jm, Lester, J, Winter, Mc, Buzdar, Au, Hsu, L, Love, Rr, Ahlgren, J, Garmo, H, Holmberg, L, Liljegren, G, Lindman, H, Wärnberg, F, Asmar, L, Jones, Se, Aft, R, Gluz, O, Liedtke, C, Nitz, U, Litton, A, Wallgren, A, Karlsson, P, Linderholm, Bk, Chlebowski, Rt, Caffier, H., Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), Other departments, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Radiotherapy, Pan, Hongchao, Gray, Richard, Braybrooke, Jeremy, Davies, Christina, Taylor, Carolyn, Mcgale, Paul, Peto, Richard, Pritchard, Kathleen I, Bergh, Jona, Dowsett, Mitch, Hayes, Daniel F, De Laurentiis, Michelino, MUMC+: MA Medische Oncologie (9), RS: GROW - R3 - Innovative Cancer Diagnostics & Therapy, and Interne Geneeskunde
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_treatment, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Recurrence, Receptors, Neoplasm Metastasis, AMERICAN SOCIETY, Adjuvant, CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE, Absolute risk reduction, Estrogen Antagonists, General Medicine, Estrogen Antagonist, CHEMOTHERAPY, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Neoplasm Metastasi, Local, POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN, Receptors, Estrogen, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Meta-analysis, Lymphatic Metastasis, Female, Human, Estrogen Antagonists/therapeutic use, Adult, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Prognosi, medicine.drug_class, DISCONTINUATION, Breast Neoplasms, Article, Drug Administration Schedule, LATE DISTANT RECURRENCE, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy, Internal medicine, SCORE, medicine, Humans, SURGICAL ADJUVANT BREAST, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Lymphatic Metastasi, TAMOXIFEN THERAPY, ta3122, medicine.disease, Estrogen, RANDOMIZED-TRIALS, Discontinuation, Surgery, Neoplasm Recurrence, 030104 developmental biology, Proportional Hazards Model, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business
Abstract: Background The administration of endocrine therapy for 5 years substantially reduces recurrence rates during and after treatment in women with early-stage, estrogen-receptor (ER)–positive breast cancer. Extending such therapy beyond 5 years offers further protection but has additional side effects. Obtaining data on the absolute risk of subsequent distant recurrence if therapy stops at 5 years could help determine whether to extend treatment. Methods In this meta-analysis of the results of 88 trials involving 62,923 women with ER-positive breast cancer who were disease-free after 5 years of scheduled endocrine therapy, we used Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses, stratified according to trial and treatment, to assess the associations of tumor diameter and nodal status (TN), tumor grade, and other factors with patients’ outcomes during the period from 5 to 20 years. Results Breast-cancer recurrences occurred at a steady rate throughout the study period from 5 to 20 years. The risk of distant recurrence was strongly correlated with the original TN status. Among the patients with stage T1 disease, the risk of distant recurrence was 13% with no nodal involvement (T1N0), 20% with one to three nodes involved (T1N1–3), and 34% with four to nine nodes involved (T1N4–9); among those with stage T2 disease, the risks were 19% with T2N0, 26% with T2N1–3, and 41% with T2N4–9. The risk of death from breast cancer was similarly dependent on TN status, but the risk of contralateral breast cancer was not. Given the TN status, the factors of tumor grade (available in 43,590 patients) and Ki-67 status (available in 7692 patients), which are strongly correlated with each other, were of only moderate independent predictive value for distant recurrence, but the status regarding the progesterone receptor (in 54,115 patients) and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) (in 15,418 patients in trials with no use of trastuzumab) was not predictive. During the study period from 5 to 20 years, the absolute risk of distant recurrence among patients with T1N0 breast cancer was 10% for low-grade disease, 13% for moderate-grade disease, and 17% for high-grade disease; the corresponding risks of any recurrence or a contralateral breast cancer were 17%, 22%, and 26%, respectively. Conclusions After 5 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy, breast-cancer recurrences continued to occur steadily throughout the study period from 5 to 20 years. The risk of distant recurrence was strongly correlated with the original TN status, with risks ranging from 10 to 41%, depending on TN status and tumor grade. (Funded by Cancer Research UK and others.)
Published: 2017

28. More Than 20 Years of Registration of Type 1 Diabetes in Sardinian Children

Author: Marco Songini, Graziella Bruno, Franco Merletti, Milena Maule, Carla Mannu, Annibale Biggeri, and Alessia Ledda
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pathophysiology, symbols.namesake, Age Distribution, Risk Factors, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Registries, Poisson regression, Age of Onset, Sex Distribution, Child, Original Research, Analysis of Variance, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Infant, Newborn, Infant, medicine.disease, Calendar period, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Italy, Child, Preschool, Relative risk, symbols, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Registry data, Analysis of variance, Age of onset, business
Abstract: We analyzed Sardinian registry data to assess time trends in incidence rates (IRs) of type 1 diabetes during the period 1989–2009 (2,371 case subjects 0–14 years of age). Poisson regression models were used to estimate the effects of sex, age, period of diagnosis, and birth cohorts. IR was 44.8 cases/100,000 person-years (95% CI 43.1–46.7). The annual increase was 2.12% (1.45–2.80; test for linear trend, P < 0.001). For boys, the increasing trend was evident up to 5 years of age and for girls up to 8 years of age. Compared with the 1989–1994 birth cohort, the relative risk increased from 0.78 (0.61–1.10) in 1974–1979 to 1.62 (1.18–2.23) in 2004–2009. The increase over period was less striking, with a tendency to regress in more recent years. The best-fitting model for boys included age and a linear time trend, and for girls age and nonlinear effects of calendar period and birth cohort. In conclusion, incidence increased over time, and the increase tended to level off in more recent years by calendar period but not by birth cohort, with some evidence of a stronger increase among girls than boys. Should the increase be attributable to the effects of some perinatal environmental factor, this would mean that such a factor has started affecting females before males.
Published: 2013
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29. Minipig and Human Metabolism of Aldehyde Oxidase Substrates: In Vitro-In Vivo Comparisons

Author: Victoria Shaw, Michael B. Otteneder, John Kendrick, Lisa M. Wright, Louise A. Blakeburn, Sarah L. Johnson, Mingguang Li, Rosalind L. Southall, David J. Wilkinson, Benjamin Bratby, Ranbir Mannu, Thomas A. Heeley, Holly L. Friett, and Lindsay J. Corfield
Subjects: Male, Swine, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacology, Biology, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, In vitro, Substrate Specificity, Aldehyde Oxidase, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal data, Cytosol, Metabolic pathway, 0302 clinical medicine, Biochemistry, Pharmacokinetics, In vivo, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Microsome, Microsomes, Liver, Animals, Humans, Swine, Miniature, Female, Aldehyde oxidase
Abstract: The importance of aldehyde oxidase (AOX) is becoming increasingly recognized in the prediction of human pharmacokinetic parameters from animal data. The objectives of these studies were to ascertain whether an in vitro-in vivo correlation existed in the clearance and metabolic pathways of AOX substrates and to establish whether the minipig represented an appropriate non-rodent model for man in the pre-clinical development of drugs metabolized by AOX. Using the AOX substrates carbazeran, 6-deoxypenciclovir and zaleplon, clearance was estimated from in vitro depletion experiments with minipig and human liver cytosol and microsomes and scaled before comparison with data generated in parallel in vivo studies in minipigs. In vitro and in vivo metabolic pathways were characterized by LC-MS/MS. Scaling of in vitro metabolism data to predict in vivo clearance underestimated in vivo values, although the rank order of clearance for the three compounds was preserved. Prediction of human in vivo clearance from scaled minipig in vivo data produced results which correlated well with published clinical values. Overall, this study is the first to compare minipig in vitro metabolism data with in vivo pharmacokinetic data for compounds metabolized by AOX and provides a scientific rationale for the selection of this species as a model for humans in the development of drugs which are substrates of AOX.
Published: 2017

30. Making progress in early breast cancer: Taking time or accepting risk?

Author: Gurdeep S, Mannu and David, Dodwell
Subjects: Surrogate markers, Randomised trials, Breast Neoplasms, Prognosis, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Observational Studies as Topic, Current Perspective, Breast cancer, Clinical trials, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Female, Observational studies, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract: Outcomes for patients diagnosed with early breast cancer in developed countries have improved substantially over recent decades. Adjuvant therapies have contributed to this improvement and their benefits have been confirmed in large randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses. Lower event rates, whilst welcome, have created problems for RCTs, that need to be larger and often take longer to provide a reliable result. In an effort to maintain the rate of progress and to obviate the complexity, cost and time required to conduct large RCTs, there has been an increased tendency to rely on observational data to determine a treatment effect and also to accelerate progress by the use of a surrogate marker (pathological complete remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy). We highlight the pitfalls in these approaches and suggest some simplifications in the conduct of RCTs., Highlights • Surrogate markers are yet to be developed and validated in early breast cancer. • Reliance on observational data to evaluate treatment effects is risky. • Prospective randomised trials are difficult but remain vital to progress. • Research approval processes need simplification and streamlining.
Published: 2016

31. Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease Is Associated With Worse Outcomes in Stroke: A Thailand National Database Study

Author: Narongrit Kasemsap, Kittisak Sawanyawisuth, Joao H. Bettencourt-Silva, Somsak Tiamkao, Mamas A. Mamas, Gurdeep S. Mannu, Raphae S. Barlas, Adrian D. Wood, Allan Clark, Kannikar Kongbunkiat, and Phyo K. Myint
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Databases, Factual, National Health Programs, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Brain Ischemia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Mitral valve, Sepsis, Epidemiology, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, medicine, Humans, Mitral Valve Stenosis, Stroke, Aged, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, valvular heart disease, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Mitral Valve Insufficiency, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Shock, Pneumonia, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Thailand, R1, Heart Arrest, medicine.anatomical_structure, Respiratory failure, Propensity score matching, Cohort, Cardiology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Respiratory Insufficiency, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background and Purpose— Rheumatic valvular heart disease is associated with the increased risk of cerebrovascular events, although there are limited data on the prognosis of patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease (RMVD) after stroke. Methods— We examined the association between RMVD and both serious and common cardiovascular and noncardiovascular (respiratory and infective) complications in a cohort of hospitalized stroke patients based in Thailand. Factors associated with in-hospital mortality were also explored. Data were obtained from a National Insurance Database. All hospitalized strokes between October 1, 2004, and January 31, 2013, were included in the current study. Characteristics and outcomes were compared for RMVD and non-RMVD patients. Logistic regression, propensity score matching, and multivariate models were used to assess study outcomes. Results— In total, 594 681 patients (mean [SD] age=64 [14.5] years) with a diagnosis of stroke (ischemic=306 154; hemorrhagic=195 392; undetermined=93 135) were included in this study, of whom 5461 had RMVD. Results from primary analyses showed that after ischemic stroke, and controlling for potential confounding covariates, RMVD was associated ( P Conclusions— RMVD is associated with the development of cardiac arrest, shock, arrhythmias, respiratory failure, pneumonia, and sepsis after acute stroke.
Published: 2016

32. New antimalarial indolone-N-oxides, generating radical species, destabilize the host cell membrane at early stages of Plasmodium falciparum growth: role of band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation

Author: Philip S. Low, Françoise Nepveu, Estela Campanella, Rosa Vono, Hany Ibrahim, Omar Lobina, Franco Carta, Proto Pippia, Francesco Michelangelo Turrini, Antonella Pantaleo, Giuliana Giribaldi, Emanuela Ferru, Franca Mannu, and Jean-Pierre Nallet
Subjects: Male, Erythrocytes, Indoles, Proteome, Plasmodium falciparum, Free radicals, Red blood cells, Biochemistry, Article, Cyclic N-Oxides, Tyrosine phosphorylation, Cell membrane, Antimalarials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte, Physiology (medical), Oxidative damage, medicine, Humans, Malaria, Falciparum, Phosphorylation, Phosphotyrosine, Cytoskeleton, Band 3, Host cell membrane, biology, Cell Membrane, Membrane Proteins, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mechanism of action, Membrane protein, chemistry, biology.protein, Female, Protein Multimerization, medicine.symptom
Abstract: Although indolone-N-oxide (INODs) genereting long-lived radicals possess antiplasmodial activity in the low-nanomolar range, little is known about their mechanism of action. To explore the molecular basis of INOD activity, we screened for changes in INOD-treated malaria-infected erythrocytes (Pf-RBCs) using a proteomics approach. At early parasite maturation stages, treatment with INODs at their IC(50) concentrations induced a marked tyrosine phosphorylation of the erythrocyte membrane protein band 3, whereas no effect was observed in control RBCs. After INOD treatment of Pf-RBCs we also observed: (i) accelerated formation of membrane aggregates containing hyperphosphorylated band 3, Syk kinase, and denatured hemoglobin; (ii) dose-dependent release of microvesicles containing the membrane aggregates; (iii) reduction in band 3 phosphorylation, Pf-RBC vesiculation, and antimalarial effect of INODs upon addition of Syk kinase inhibitors; and (iv) correlation between the IC(50) and the INOD concentrations required to induce band 3 phosphorylation and vesiculation. Together with previous data demonstrating that tyrosine phosphorylation of oxidized band 3 promotes its dissociation from the cytoskeleton, these results suggest that INODs cause a profound destabilization of the Pf-RBC membrane through a mechanism apparently triggered by the activation of a redox signaling pathway rather than direct oxidative damage.
Published: 2012
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33. Radio electric asymmetric brain stimulation in the treatment of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease

Author: Alessandro Castagna, Piero Mannu, Salvatore Rinaldi, and Vania Fontani
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Deep brain stimulation, Activities of daily living, Insomnia, Behavioral and Psychiatric Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD), medicine.medical_treatment, Deep Brain Stimulation, Behavioral Symptoms, Neuropsychological Tests, Anxiety, Alzheimer Disease, mental disorders, medicine, Dementia, Humans, Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, business.industry, Depression, RC952-954.6, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Radiofrequency Therapy, Distress, Treatment Outcome, Geriatrics, Clinical Interventions in Aging, Brain stimulation, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Alzheimer's disease, medicine.symptom, business, human activities, Perspectives
Abstract: Piero Mannu1, Salvatore Rinaldi1,2, Vania Fontani1, Alessandro Castagna11Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology, Florence, Italy; 2Medical School of Occupational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyPurpose: Behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and disrupt the effective management of AD patients. The present study explores the use of radio electric asymmetric brain stimulation (REAC) in patients who have had a poor response to pharmacological treatment.Patients and methods: Eight patients (five females and three males; mean [±standard deviation] age at study baseline: 69.9 ± 3.0 years) diagnosed with AD according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria (mean onset age of AD: 65.4 ± 3.5 years) were cognitively and psychometrically assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Activity of Daily Living (ADL), the Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL), and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), prior to and after each of 2 REAC treatment cycles.Results: Scores on the MMSE and all subscales of the NPI (frequency, severity, and distress), the ADL, and the IADL were significantly improved following the initial REAC treatment. There was further significant improvement in all measurements (with a tendency for improvement in the IADL) after the second REAC treatment cycle.Conclusion: The improvement of cognitive and behavioral/psychiatric functioning following REAC treatment suggests that this innovative approach may be an effective, safe, and tolerable alternative to pharmacological treatment of AD patients, especially in the area of BPSD. Elderly patients suffering from other types of dementia may also benefit from REAC treatment.Keywords: anxiety, depression, insomnia, behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD)
Published: 2011

34. Comparison of two treatments for coxarthrosis: local hyperthermia versus radio electric asymmetrical brain stimulation

Author: Matteo Lotti Margotti, Alessandro Castagna, Vania Fontani, Piero Mannu, and Salvatore Rinaldi
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Deep brain stimulation, Movement disorders, Deep Brain Stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, radio electric asymmetric brain stimulation, Osteoarthritis, Hip, medicine, Humans, Psychogenic disease, Aged, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Retrospective Studies, Original Research, Aged, 80 and over, Rehabilitation, business.industry, anti-aging, RC952-954.6, Retrospective cohort study, Hyperthermia, Induced, radioelectric asymmetric brain stimulation, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Radiofrequency Therapy, motor behavior, Hyperthermia induced, Treatment Outcome, Local Hyperthermia, Geriatrics, Clinical Interventions in Aging, Brain stimulation, Physical therapy, Coxarthrosis, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Alessandro Castagna1, Salvatore Rinaldi1,2, Vania Fontani1, Piero Mannu1, Matteo Lotti Margotti11Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology, 2Medical School of Occupational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyBackground: It is well known that psychological components are very important in the aging process and may also manifest in psychogenic movement disorders, such as coxarthrosis. This study analyzed the medical records of two similar groups of patients with coxarthrosis (n = 15 in each) who were treated in two different clinics for rehabilitation therapy.Methods: Patients in Group A were treated with a course of traditional physiotherapy, including sessions of local hyperthermia. Group B patients were treated with only a course of radioelectric asymmetrical brain stimulation (REAC) to improve their motor behavior.Results: Group A showed a significant decrease in symptoms of pain and stiffness, and an insignificant improvement in range of motion and muscle bulk. A single patient in this group developed worsened symptoms, and pain did not resolve completely in any patient. The patients in Group B had significantly decreased levels of pain and stiffness, and a significant improvement in range of motion and muscle bulk. No patients worsened in Group B, and the pain resolved completely in one patient.Conclusion: Both treatments were shown to be tolerable and safe. Patients who underwent REAC treatment appeared to have slightly better outcomes, with an appreciable improvement in both their physical and mental states. These aspects are particularly important in the elderly, in whom functional limitation is often associated with or exacerbated by a psychogenic component.Keywords: coxarthrosis, anti-aging, motor behavior, radioelectric asymmetric brain stimulation
Published: 2011

35. Evidence of Abnormal Tyrosine Phosphorylated Proteins in the Urine of Patients With Bladder Cancer: The Road Toward a New Diagnostic Tool?

Author: Francesco Michelangelo Turrini, Dario Fontana, G. Barbero, Andrea Bosio, Luigi Rolle, Giorgia Mandili, Paolo Destefanis, Amina Khadjavi, Giuliana Giribaldi, Carlo Ceruti, Antonella Pantaleo, and Franca Mannu
Subjects: Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, diagnosis, Biopsy, Urology, Blotting, Western, Immunoblotting, carcinoma, Mass Spectrometry, Western blot, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Phosphorylation, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Electrophoresis, Agar Gel, Gel electrophoresis, Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Bladder cancer, Urinary bladder, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.disease, urinary bladder, transitional cell, tumor markers, biological, phosphoproteins, Molecular biology, Blot, medicine.anatomical_structure, Transitional cell carcinoma, ROC Curve, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Tyrosine, Female, business
Abstract: Since changes in protein phosphorylation are a common feature of cancer cells, we analyzed phosphoproteins in the tissue and urine of patients with bladder cancer and assessed the diagnostic relevance of abnormally phosphorylated proteins as tumor markers.Enrolled in this study were 66 patients and 82 healthy volunteers. From the first 14 patients with bladder cancer we obtained samples of malignant and normal bladder tissue. All patients and volunteers provided a urine sample. Protein extracts of tissue specimens were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis for comparative analysis of neoplastic and normal tissue. Phosphoproteins were studied by Western blot and characterized by mass spectrometry. Urine samples were analyzed by 1-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Phosphoproteins were measured by affinity dot blotting.Profound changes in the pattern of protein tyrosine phosphorylation were consistently, reproducibly observed in bladder cancer tissues. A total of 24 phosphorylated proteins were differentially expressed in cancer tissue and identified by mass spectrometry. Phosphoproteins were fairly stable in urine samples, leading to accumulation. Urinary tyrosine phosphoproteins showed the most remarkable changes in patients with cancer with an approximately 5-fold increase compared to levels in healthy controls.To our knowledge we investigated for the first time the diagnostic potential of tissue and urinary tyrosine phosphoproteins for bladder carcinoma. Results indicate that phosphorylated proteins may represent a new, valuable class of urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer.
Published: 2011
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36. Does Osteoarthritis Of The Knee Also Have A Psychogenic Component? Psycho-emotional Treatment With a Radio-electric Device vs. Intra-articular Injection Of Sodium Hyaluronate: An Open-label, Naturalistic Study

Author: Lucia Aravagli, Matteo Lotti Margotti, Alessandro Castagna, Vania Fontani, Salvatore Rinaldi, and Piero Mannu
Subjects: Male, musculoskeletal diseases, Knee Joint, Emotions, Sodium hyaluronate, Osteoarthritis, Injections, Intra-Articular, chemistry.chemical_compound, Humans, Medicine, Psychogenic disease, Hyaluronic Acid, Range of Motion, Articular, Aged, Pain Measurement, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Visual Analog Pain Scale, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Knee, medicine.disease, Electroacupuncture, Treatment Outcome, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Complementary and alternative medicine, Effusion, chemistry, Case-Control Studies, Anesthesia, Female, Component (group theory), business, Range of motion, Acupuncture Points
Abstract: This study is to compare, in patients suffering of knee joint disorder, the effects of intra-articular injection of Sodium Hyaluronate, and those of a treatment aiming at the improvement of the emotional status carried out by means of a Radio Electric Device (REAC). 30 subjects were divided into two groups: 15 who preferred a non-drugs approach (Group A) and 15 who preferred an infiltrative treatment (Group B). The evaluations were expressed for both pain level and knee bending and extension. Group A showed significant decrease in pain, stiffness, joint noises and intra-articular effusion, and significant improvement in motion range, without any patients worsening. 8 patients showed complete disappearance of pain in Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) evaluation, evident by a level of 0. The initial VAS results were between 8 and 4. One month after treatment's end, VAS results of the patients in Group A were between 3 and 0. Group B showed significant decrease in pain, stiffness, joint noises and intra-articular effusion, but no significant improvement in motion range; 2 of 15 patients showed worsening symptoms and no significant improvement in muscular hypotrophy. Initial VAS results were between 7 and 4. One month after treatment's end, VAS results were between 6 and 0.
Published: 2010
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37. Multiparametric MR investigation of the motor pyramidal system in patients with ‘truly benign’ multiple sclerosis

Author: Carlo Caltagirone, Rosalba Mannu, Mara Cercignani, Placido Bramanti, Barbara Basile, Marco Bozzali, Silvia Romano, Ugo Nocentini, Barbara Spanò, and Diego Centonze
Subjects: Male, Adult, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Pyramidal Tracts, Neuropsychological Tests, Grey matter, Severity of Illness Index, Central nervous system disease, Atrophy, Degenerative disease, Predictive Value of Tests, Fractional anisotropy, medicine, Humans, Prognosis, Middle Aged, Female, Phenotype, Motor Neurons, Motor Cortex, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Case-Control Studies, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Neurology (clinical), Primary motor cortex, business, Tractography
Abstract: One possible explanation for the mismatch between tissue damage and preservation of neurological functions in patients with benign multiple sclerosis (BMS) is that the pathophysiology differs from that occurring in other multiple sclerosis (MS) phenotypes. The objective of this study was to identify pathologically specific patterns of tissue integrity/damage characteristics of patients with BMS, and markers of potential prognostic value. The pyramidal system was investigated in 10 BMS patients and 20 controls using voxel-based morphometry to assess grey matter (GM) atrophy, and diffusion tractography and quantitative magnetization transfer to quantify the microstructural damage in the corticospinal tracts (CSTs). Widespread reductions in GM volume were found in patients compared with controls, including the primary motor cortex. A significant decrease was observed in the mean macromolecular pool ratio (F) of both CSTs, with no fractional anisotropy (FA) change. GM volume of the primary motor areas was associated with clinical scores but not with the CST parameters. The mismatch between F and FA suggests the presence of extensive demyelination in the CSTs of patients with BMS, in the absence of axonal damage. The lack of correlation with GM volume indicates a complex interaction between disruptive and reparative mechanisms in BMS.
Published: 2009
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38. The enhanced tool-kit of two groups of wild bearded capuchin monkeys in the Caatinga: tool making, associative use, and secondary tools

Author: Eduardo B. Ottoni and Massimo Mannu
Subjects: Male, Appetitive Behavior, Behavior, Animal, Tool Use Behavior, Sapajus libidinosus, Combined use, Video Recording, Dead wood, Cebus libidinosus, Archaeology, Visual contact, Digging, Geography, Food, Animals, Cebus, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Weapons, Brazil, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: The use of stones to crack open encapsulated fruit is widespread among wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) inhabiting savanna-like environments. Some populations in Serra da Capivara National Park (Piaui, Brazil), though, exhibit a seemingly broader toolkit, using wooden sticks as probes, and employing stone tools for a variety of purposes. Over the course of 701.5 hr of visual contact of two wild capuchin groups we recorded 677 tool use episodes. Five hundred and seventeen of these involved the use of stones, and 160 involved the use of sticks (or other plant parts) as probes to access water, arthropods, or the contents of insects' nests. Stones were mostly used as “hammers”—not only to open fruit or seeds, or smash other food items, but also to break dead wood, conglomerate rock, or cement in search of arthropods, to dislodge bigger stones, and to pulverize embedded quartz pebbles (licking, sniffing, or rubbing the body with the powder produced). Stones also were used in a “hammer-like” fashion to loosen the soil for digging out roots and arthropods, and sometimes as “hoes” to pull the loosened soil. In a few cases, we observed the re-utilization of stone tools for different purposes (N=3), or the combined use of two tools—stones and sticks (N=4) or two stones (N=5), as sequential or associative tools. On three occasions, the monkeys used smaller stones to loosen bigger quartz pebbles embedded in conglomerate rock, which were subsequently used as tools. These could be considered the first reports of secondary tool use by wild capuchin monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 71:242–251, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Published: 2009
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39. Minimal residual disease after conventional treatment significantly impacts on progression-free survival of patients with follicular lymphoma: The FIL FOLL05 trial

Author: Marzia Cavalli, Francesca Guerrini, Barbara Mantoan, Alessandra Dondi, Giuseppe A. Palumbo, Gianluca Gaidano, Luca Arcaini, Luigia Monitillo, Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Mario Petrini, Luigi Rigacci, Claudia Mannu, Irene Della Starza, Ilaria Del Giudice, Anna Gazzola, Alessandra Tucci, Stefano Luminari, Massimo Federico, Daniele Vallisa, Susanna Grassi, Sara Galimberti, Pellegrino Musto, Luigi Marcheselli, Elena Ciabatti, Umberto Vitolo, Carola Boccomini, Marco Ladetto, Giovanni Bertoldero, Alessandro Pulsoni, Galimberti S, Luminari S, Ciabatti E, Grassi S, Guerrini F, Dondi A, Marcheselli L, Ladetto M, PICCALUGA P., Gazzola A, Mannu C, Monitillo L, Mantoan B, Del Giudice I, Della Starza I, Cavalli M, Arcaini L, Tucci A, Palumbo GA, Rigacci L, Pulsoni A, Vitolo U, Boccomini C, Vallisa D, Bertoldero G, Gaidano G, Musto P, Petrini M, and Federico M.
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, Neoplasm, Residual, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, Female, Gene Dosage, Gene Rearrangement, Genes, bcl-2, Humans, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains, Lymphoma, Follicular, Middle Aged, Prognosis, ROC Curve, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Oncology, Lymphoma, bcl-2, Follicular lymphoma, Gastroenterology, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Phase III as Topic, medicine.anatomical_structure, Residual, medicine.medical_specialty, MRD, FOLL05, Chemoimmunotherapy, Internal medicine, medicine, Follicular lymphoma, MRD, Clinical Trials, Progression-free survival, business.industry, Follicular, Cancer, Gene rearrangement, medicine.disease, Minimal residual disease, Surgery, Genes, Neoplasm, Bone marrow, business
Abstract: Purpose: The role of the minimal residual disease (MRD) in follicular lymphoma is still debated. In this study, we assessed whether the BCL2/IGH rearrangement could have a prognostic role in patients receiving R-CHOP, R-FM, or R-CVP. Experimental Design: DNAs from 415 patients among the 504 cases enrolled in the FOLL05 trial (NCT00774826) were centralized and assessed for the BCL2/IGH at diagnosis, at the end of treatment, and after 12 and 24 months. Results: At diagnosis, the molecular marker was detected in 53% of cases. Patients without molecular marker or with a low molecular tumor burden ( Conclusions: In this study, standardized molecular techniques have been adopted and applied on bone marrow samples from a large cohort. Data reported show that the MRD detection is a powerful independent predictor of PFS in patients with follicular lymphoma receiving conventional chemoimmunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6398–405. ©2014 AACR.
Published: 2014

40. Pathogenetic and diagnostic significance of microRNA deregulation in peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified

Author: Claudio Agostinelli, Federica Melle, Giorgio Inghirami, Tabanelli, Anna Gazzola, Martina Rossi, G Motta, Alberto Clò, Simona Righi, Fabio Fuligni, Tomas Barrese, Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Claudio Tripodo, Carlo Alberto Sagramoso Sacchetti, Maria Antonella Laginestra, Davide Gibellini, Stefano Pileri, Claudia Mannu, Elena Sabattini, Francesco Bacci, Carlo M. Croce, Maryam Etebari, Maria Rosaria Sapienza, Laginestra, M., Piccaluga, P., Fuligni, F., Rossi, M., Agostinelli, C., Righi, S., Sapienza, M., Motta, G., Gazzola, A., Mannu, C., Sabattini, E., Bacci, E., Tabanelli, V., Sacchetti, C., Barrese, T., Etebari, M., Melle, F., Clò, A., Gibellini, D., Tripodo, C., Inghirami, G., Croce, C., Pileri, S., Laginestra, M.A, Piccaluga, P.P., Sapienza, M.R., Sagramoso Sacchetti, C.A., Barrese, T.Z., Croce, C.M., and Pileri, S.A.
Subjects: Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral, Male, MicroRNAs, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, RNA, Neoplasm, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Oncology, Hematology, Medicine (all), medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified, Biology, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, microRNA, medicine, Regulation of gene expression, PTCLs/NOS, GEP, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysi, Not Otherwise Specified, MicroRNA, medicine.disease, Lymphoma, Gene expression profiling, Original Article, CD8, Human
Abstract: Peripheral T-cell lymphomas not otherwise specified (PTCLs/NOS) are rare and aggressive tumours whose molecular pathogenesis and diagnosis are still challenging. The microRNA (miRNA) profile of 23 PTCLs/NOS was generated and compared with that of normal T-lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+, naive, activated). The differentially expressed miRNA signature was compared with the gene expression profile (GEP) of the same neoplasms. The obtained gene patterns were tested in an independent cohort of PTCLs/NOS. The miRNA profile of PTCLs/NOS then was compared with that of 10 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITLs), 6 anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCLs)/ALK+ and 6 ALCLs/ALK - . Differentially expressed miRNAs were validated in an independent set of 20 PTCLs/NOS, 20 AITLs, 19 ALCLs/ALK - and 15 ALCLs/ALK+. Two hundred and thirty-six miRNAs were found to differentiate PTCLs/NOS from activated T-lymphocytes. To assess which miRNAs impacted on GEP, a multistep analysis was performed, which identified all miRNAs inversely correlated to different potential target genes. One of the most discriminant miRNAs was selected and its expression was found to affect the global GEP of the tumours. Moreover, two sets of miRNAs were identified distinguishing PTCL/NOS from AITL and ALCL/ALK - , respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of this tool was very high (83.54%) and its prognostic value validated.
Published: 2014

41. Mortality of emergency abdominal surgery in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Author: J E, F Fitzgerald, Khatri, C, C Glasbey, J, Mohan, M, Lilford, R, M Harrison, E, Holmer, H, Hall, N, S-H, Kim, Negida, A, Jaffry, Z, J Chapman, S, Shu, S, Shiwani, H, Jeyakumar, J, Fermani, C, Balmaceda, R, M Marta Modolo, Macdermid, E, Gobin, N, Chenn, R, C Ou Yong, Edye, M, Jarmin, M, K D'amours, S, Iyer, D, Youssef, D, Phillips, N, Brown, J, George, R, Koh, C, Warren, O, Hanley, I, Dickfos, M, Nawara, C, Öfner, D, Primavesi, F, R Mitul, A, Mahmud, K, Hussain, M, Hakim, H, Kumar, T, Oosterkamp, A, A Assouto, P, Lawani, I, Y Imorou Souaibou, A Kyaw Tun, C Leung Chong, H Devadasar, G, M Rashid Minhas Qadir, K Phyo Aung, L Shi Yeo, D Palomino Castillo, V, M Moron Munhoz, Moreira, G, C Barros De Castro Segundo, L, S Anderson Khouri Ferreira, M Cassa Careta, S Binna Kim, A Venâncio De Sousa, A Daltri Lazzarini Cury, G Peixoto Soares Miguel, A Vega Carreiro De Freitas, B Pereira Silvestre, J Guasti Pinto Vianna, C Oliveira Felipe, L Alberto Valente Laufer, Altoe, F, L Ayres Da Silva, L Pimenta, M, T Fernandes Giuriato, P Alves Bezerra Morais, J Souza Luiz, Araujo, R, Menegussi, J, Leal, M, C Vinícius Barroso de Lima, L Sarmento Tatagiba, Leal, A, D Vinicius Dos Santos, G Pereira Fraga, R Lages Simoes, Stock, S, Nigo, S, Kabba, J, T Ebogo Ngwa, King, S, Zani, A, Azzie, G, Firdouse, M, Kushwaha, S, Agarwal, A, Bailey, K, Cameron, B, Livingston, M, Horobjowsky, A, L Deckelbaum, D, T Razek, B Marinkovic, Grasset, E, D'Aguzan, N, Jimenez, J, Macchiavello, R, Zhang, Z, Guo, W, J, Oh, Zheng, F, Montes, I, Sierra, S, Mendez, M, I Villegas, M, C Mendoza Arango, M, Mendoza, I, A Naranjo Aristizã Bal, F, A Montoya Botero, J, M Quintero Riaza, V, Restrepo, J, Morales, C, Cruz, H, Munera, A, Karlo, R, Domini, E, Mihanovic, J, Radic, M, Zamarin, K, Pezelj, N, Hache-Marliere, M, S Batista Lemaire, Rivas, R, Khyrallh, A, Hassan, A, Shimy, G, A Baky Fahmy, M, Nabawi, A, S Ali Muhammad Gohar, M, Elfil, M, Ghoneem, M, Asal, M, Abdelkader, M, Gomah, M, Rashwan, H, Karkeet, M, Gomaa, A, Hasan, A, Elgebaly, A, Azzam, O, Abdelfattah, A, Gouda, A, Elshafay, A, Gharib, A, Menshawy, A, Hanafy, M, Al-Mallah, A, Abdulgawad, M, Baheeg, M, Alhendy, M, A Fattah, I, Kenibar, A, Osman, O, Gemeah, M, Mohammed, A, Adel, A, Sayed, A, Abozaid, M, A Hafez El-Badri Kotb, A Ahmed Ata, A, Nasr, M, Alkammash, A, Saeed, M, N Abd El Hamid, M Attia, A, A Abd El Galeel, Elbanby, E, K Salah El-Dien, Hantour, U, Alahmady, O, Mansour, B, M Elkorashy, A, M Saeed Taha, E, T Lasheen, K, S Said Elkolaly, N Yosri Elsayed Abdel-Wahab, A Fathi Abozyed, M, M Saeed, A, G Samir El Sayed, H Youssif, J, S Magdy Ahmed, N Soubhy El-Shahat, A Hegazy Khedr, A Osama Elsebaaye, Elzayat, M, Abdelraheim, M, Elzayat, I, Warda, M, K Naser El Deen, A Essam Elnemr, Salah, O, Abbas, M, Rashad, M, Elzayyat, I, Hemeda, D, Tawfik, G, Salama, M, Khaled, H, Seisa, M, Elshaer, K, Hussein, A, Elkhadrawi, M, M Afifi, A, O Saadeldeen Ebrahim, M Metwally, M, Elmelegy, R, M Elbendary Elsawahly, D, Safa, H, Nofal, E, Elbermawy, M, M Abo Raya, A Abdelmotaleb Ghazy, Samih, H, Abdelgelil, A, Abdelghany, S, A El Kholy, Elkady, F, Salma, M, Samy, S, Fakher, R, Aboarab, A, Samir, A, Sakr, A, Haroun, A, A Abdel-Rahman Al-Aarag, Elkholy, A, Elshanwany, S, Ghanem, E, Tammam, A, M Hammad, A, Y El Shoura, G El Ashal, Khairy, H, Antar, S, Mehrez, S, Abdelshafy, M, M Gamal Mohamad Hamad, M Farid Hosh, Abdallah, E, Magdy, B, Alzayat, T, Gamaly, E, Elfeki, H, Abouzahra, A, Elsheikh, S, Elgendy, F, F Abd El-Salam, Seifelnasr, O, Ammar, M, Eysa, A, Sadek, A, A Gamal Toeema, Shady, K, Nasr, A, Abuseif, M, Zidan, H, S Abd Elmageed Barakat, Elsayed, N, Y Abd Elrasoul, Elkelany, A, M Sabry Ammar, Mustafa, M, Hegazy, Y, Etman, M, Saad, S, Alrahawy, M, Raslan, A, Morsi, M, Rslan, A, Sabry, A, Elwakil, H, Shaker, H, Abd-Elrasoul, Y, El-Kashef, H, Shaalan, M, Tarek, A, Elwan, A, A Ragab Nayel, Seif, M, Emadeldin, D, M Ali Ghonaim, Almallah, A, Fouad, A, E Adel Sayma, Elbatahgy, A, A Solaiman El-Ma'doul, Mosad, A, Tolba, H, A Amin Elsorogy, D, H Ali Mostafa, A Atef Omar, O Sherief Abd El Hameed, Lasheen, A, Y Abd El Salam, Morsi, A, Ismail, M, H Ahmed El-Badawy, Amer, M, A Sabry El-Hamouly, N Ahmed Attallah, Mosalum, O, Afandy, A, Mokhtar, A, Abouelnasr, A, Ayad, S, Shaker, R, Sakr, R, Amreia, M, Elsobky, S, A Abo El Magd, Marey, A, A Tarek Hafez, Zalabia, M, M Moamen Mohamed, Fadel, A, E Ali Ahmed, Ali, A, M Ghassan Alwafai, Dwydar, A, Kharsa, S, Mamdouh, E, El-Sheemy, H, Youssef, I, A Khairy Aly, Aldalaq, A, Alnawam, E, Alkhabbaz, D, Saad, M, Hussein, S, A Abo Elazayem, Ramadan, A, Elashmawy, M, Mousa, M, Nashaat, A, Ghanem, S, Oof, Z, Elwaey, A, Elkadsh, I, Darweesh, M, Mohameden, A, Hafez, M, Badr, A, Badwy, A, M Abd El Slam, Elazoul, M, Al-Nahrawi, S, Eldamaty, L, Nada, F, Ameen, M, Hagar, A, Elsehimy, M, Aboraya, M, Dawoud, H, S El Mesery, A El Gendy, Abdelkareem, A, A Safwan Marey, Allam, M, Shehata, S, Abozeid, K, Elshobary, M, Fahiem, A, Sarsik, S, Hashish, A, Zidan, M, Hashish, M, Sanad, A, Mesalam, M, Aql, S, A Osman Abdelaziz Elhendawy, Husseini, M, Kasem, E, Gheith, A, Elfouly, Y, A Ragab Soliman, Ibrahim, Y, Elfouly, N, Fawzy, A, Rashid, M, A Salah Elsherbiny, Sieda, B, Badwi, N, M Hassan Mohammed, M, Mohamed, O, M Abdulkhalek Habeeb, Worku, M, Starr, N, Desta, S, Wondimu, S, S Abebe, N, Thomas, E, A Asele, F, Dabessa, D, N Seyoum Abebe, B Zerihun, A, Mentula, P, Leppäniemi, A, Sallinen, V, Scalabre, A, Frade, F, Irtan, S, Graffeille, V, Gaignard, E, Alimi, Q, Graffieille, V, Abbo, O, Mouttalib, S, Bouali, O, Hervieux, E, Aigrain, Y, Botto, N, Faure, A, Fievet, L, Panait, N, Eyssartier, E, Schmitt, F, Podevin, G, Parent, V, Martin, A, P Arnaud, A, Muller, C, Bonnard, A, Peycelon, M, Abantanga, F, Boakye-Yiadom, K, Bukari, M, Owusu, F, Awuku-Asabre, J, Tabiri, S, D Bray, L, Lytras, D, Psarianos, K, Bamicha, A, Kefalidi, E, Gemenetzis, G, Dervenis, C, Gouvas, N, Agalianos, C, Kontos, M, Kouraklis, G, Karousos, D, Germanos, S, Marinos, C, Anthoulakis, C, Nikoloudis, N, S Mitroudis, N, Recinos, G, Estupinian, S, Forno, W, R Arévalo Azmitia, J, C Ramã Rez Cabrera, C, Guevara, R, Aguilera, M, Mendez, N, A Azmitia Mendizabal, C, Ramazzini, P, M Contreras Urquizu, Tale, F, Soley, R, Barrios, E, E Marroquín Rodríguez, D, I Pérez Velásquez, C, M Contreras Mérida, S, Regalado, F, Lopez, M, Siguantay, M, Y Lam, F, K J-Y Szeto, C C, L Szeto, S Li, W, K K, K Li, F Leung, M, Mak, T, S, Ng, S Prasad, S, Kirishnan, A, Gyanchandani, N, Bhat, S, Sreedharan, A, V Kinnera, S, S Kumar, B, Rangarajan, M, Reddy, Y, Venugopal, C, Kumar, S, Mittal, A, Nadkarni, S, N Lakshmi, H, Malik, P, Limaye, N, Pai, S, Jain, P, Khajanchi, M, Satoskar, S, Satoskar, R, Abid Bin Mahamood, P Refianti Sutanto, E, A Soeselo, D, Tedjaatmadja, C, N Rahmawati, F, Amandito, R, Mayasari, M, R K, M Jawad Al-Hasani, I Ibraheem Al-Hameedi, H, A Aziz Al-Azraqi, I, Sabeeh, L, Kamil, R, Shawki, M, M Mezeil Telfah, Rasendran, A, Sheehan, J, Kerley, R, Normile, C, W Gilbert, R, Song, J, Dablouk, M, Mauro, L, O Dablouk, M, Hanrahan, M, Kielty, P, Marks, E, Gosling, S, Mccarthy, M, Mirghani, D, S Altaf Naqvi, S Wong, C, Chung, S, D'Cruz, R, Cahill, R, G Gosling, S, Fahy, C, D Duarte Cadogan, Powell, A, Gilbert, R, Clifford, C, Driscoll, A, Stassen, P, Lee, C, Bowe, R, Hutch, W, Mohan, H, O'Neill, M, Mealy, K, Danelli, P, Bondurri, A, Maffioli, A, Pasini, M, Pata, G, Roncali, S, Silvani, P, Carlucci, M, Faccincani, R, Bonavina, L, Macchitella, Y, Ceriani, C, Tugnoli, G, S Di Saverio, Khattab, K, M Angel Paludi, Pata, D, L Maria Cloro, Allegri, A, Ansaloni, L, Coccolini, F, Veronese, E, Bortolasi, L, Hasheminia, A, Nastri, G, M Dal Canto, Cucumazzo, S, Pata, F, Benevento, A, Tessera, G, P Paolo Grandinetti, Maniscalco, A, G Luca Lamanna, Turati, L, Sgroi, G, Rausa, E, Villa, R, Monteleone, M, Merlini, D, Grassi, V, Cirocchi, R, Cacurri, A, Waleed, H, Diab, A, Elzowawi, F, Jokubauskas, M, Varkalys, K, Venskutonis, D, Pranevicius, R, Ambrozeviciute, V, Juciute, S, Skardžiukaitė, A, Bradulskis, S, Urbanavicius, L, Austraite, A, Riauka, R, Zilinskas, J, Dambrauskas, Z, Karumnas, P, Urniezius, Z, Zilinskiene, R, Rudzenskaite, A, Usaityte, A, Montrimaite, M, Kaselis, N, Strazdas, A, Jokubonis, K, Maceviciute, K, Laugzemys, E, Kolosov, A, Jotautas, V, Rakita, I, Mikalauskas, S, Kazanavicius, D, Rackauskas, R, Strupas, K, Poskus, T, Beisa, V, Rakauskas, R, Preckailaite, E, Coomber, R, Johnson, K, Nowers, J, Periasammy, D, Salleh, A, Das, A, R Goh Ern Tze, M Nirumal Kumar, A Nik Abdullah, N, R Kosai, N, Taher, M, Rajan, R, Y Chong, H, C Roslani, A, C Goh, C, Agius, M, Borg, E, Bezzina, M, Bugeja, R, Vella-Baldacchino, M, Spina, A, Psaila, J, Francois-Coridon, H, Tolg, C, J-F, Colombani, Diaz-Zorrilla, C, A Ramos-De La Medina, S Corro-Diaz Gonzalez, Jacobe, M, Mapasse, D, Snyder, E, Oumer, R, Osman, M, Mohammad, A, L-J, Anyanwu, Sheshe, A, Adesina, A, Faturoti, O, Taiwo, O, M Habib Ibrahim, A Nasir, A, S Itopa Suleiman, Adeniyi, A, Adesanya, O, Adebanjo, A, Osuoji, R, Atobatele, K, Ogunyemi, A, Wiliams, O, Oludara, M, Oshodi, O, Ademuyiwa, A, A Oluwagbemiga Lawal, Alakaloko, F, Elebute, O, Osinowo, A, Bode, C, Adesuyi, A, Tade, A, Adekoya, A, Nwokoro, C, O Ayandipo, O, T Akeem Lawal, E Ajao, A, S Sani Ali, Odeyemi, B, Olori, S, Popoola, A, Adeyeye, A, Adeniran, J, J Lossius, W, Havemann, I, Thorsen, K, K Narvestad, J, Søreide, K, B Wold, T, Nymo, L, Elsiddig, M, Dar, M, F Bhopal, K, Iftikhar, Z, M Furqan, M, Nighat, B, Jawaid, M, Khalique, A, Zil-E-Ali, A, Rashid, A, H Abbas Dharamshi, Naqvi, T, Faraz, A, W Anwar, A, T Muhammad Yaseen, S Shamsi, G, Yaseen, T, Anwer, W, H Paredes Decoud, Aguilera, O, I Zelada Alvarez, I, J Marcelo Delgado, M Machain Vega, G, A Segovia Lohse, H, L Messa Aguilar, W, A Cabala Chiong, J, C Manchego Bautista, A, Huaman, E, Zegarra, S, Camacho, R, M Vergara Celis, J, A Romani Pozo, D, Hamasaki, J, Temoche, E, Herrera-Matta, J, P García Torres, C, M Alvarez Barreda, L, R Barrionuevo Ojeda, Garaycochea, O, M Castro Mollo, M Linares Delgado, Fujii, F, A Durand, S, A Arroyo Basto, C, M Urbina Rojas, N, B Shu Yip, S, L Contreras Vergara, A, A Echevarria Rosas Moran, G Borda Luque, M Rodriguez Castro, R Alvarado Jaramillo, G Manrique Sila, E Lopez, C, M Zapata Ponze De Leon, Machaca, M, R Coasaca Huaraya, Arenas, A, López, C, C Milagros Herrera Puma, Pino, W, Hinojosa, C, Limache, S, G Manrrique Sila, L-A Mercado Rodriguez, Melo, R, Costa-Maia, J, Muralha, N, Sauvat, F, Dan, I, Hogea, M, Eduard, P, R-M, Bratu, Beuran, M, I-B, Diaconescu, B-V, Martian, F-M, Iordache, Vartic, M, C Vida, L, I Muntean, L, S Mironescu, A, V J, P Nsengimana, Niragire, A, J D L, C Allen Ingabire, Niyirera, E, Zanini, N, Jovine, E, Landolfo, G, N Alomar, I, A Alnuqaydan, S, M Altwigry, A, Othman, M, Osman, N, Alqahtani, E, Alzahrani, M, Alyami, R, Aljohani, E, Alhabli, I, Mikwar, Z, Almuallem, S, Nawawi, A, Bakhaidar, M, A Maghrabi, A, Alsaggaf, M, Aljiffry, M, Altaf, A, Khoja, A, Habeebullah, A, Akeel, N, Ghandora, N, Almoflihi, A, Huwait, A, Al-Shammari, A, Al-Mousa, M, Alghamdi, M, Adham, W, Albeladi, B, A Alfarsi, M, Mahdi, A, S Al Awwad, Altamimi, A, Nouh, T, Hassanain, M, Aldhafeeri, S, Sadig, N, Algohary, O, Aledrisy, M, Gudal, A, Alrifaie, A, Alrowais, M, Althwainy, A, Shabkah, A, Alamoudi, U, Alrajraji, M, Alghamdi, B, Aljohani, S, Daqeeq, A, J Al-Faifi, J, Jennings, V, Ngayu, N, Moore, R, Kong, V, Kretzmann, H, Connor, K, Nel, D, Sampson, C, Spence, R, Panieri, E, Rayne, S, Sishuba, N, Tun, M, M Mphatsoe, A, A Carreira, J, Teasdale, E, Wagener, M, Botes, S, D Du Plessis, Fernandez-Bueno, F, Aguilar-Jimenez, J, A Garcia-Marin, J, S García, L, J García Florez, L, R Darío Arias Pacheco, Pagnozzi, J, H Jara Quezada, J, L Rodicio, J, Minguez, G, Rodríguez-Uría, R, Ugalde, P, Lopez-Arevalo, C, Barneo, L, P Gonzales Stuva, J, Ortega-Vazquez, I, Rodriguez, L, Herrera, N, P Pitigala Arachchi, W S, M Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, L A, J Jayasooriya Arachchige, Sivaganesh, S, I Samaraweera, D, Thanusan, V, A E, K Musa, R M, H Balila, M A E, H Mohamed, Ali, H, H Zain Elabdin, Mahdi, S, Ahmed, H, S Abdoun Ishag Idris, Elsayed, M, Mahmoud, M, Boijsen, M, P-O, Lundgren, Gustafsson, U, Kiasat, A, Wogensen, F, Jurdell, E, Thorell, A, Thorarinsdottir, H, Utter, M, M Sundstrom, S, Wredberg, C, Kjellin, A, Nyberg, J, Frisk, B, Sund, M, Andersson, L, Gunnarsson, U, Cengiz, Y, Ahlqvist, S, Björklund, I, Royson, H, Weber, P, H-I, Pahlsson, Borin, E, Hjertberg, M, Schmid, R, Schivo, D, Despotidis, V, Breitenstein, S, F Staerkle, R, Schadde, E, Deichsel, F, Gerosa, A, Nocito, A, A Raptis, D, Mijuskovic, B, Zuber, M, Eisner, L, Kruspi, S, B Reinisch, K, Schoewe, C, Novak, A, F Palma, A, Teufelberger, G, Kimaro, M, King, R, A Zeynel, A Balkan, Gumar, M, M Ali Yavuz, Karabacak, U, Lap, G, B Ozkan, B, Karakahya, M, Adams, R, Morton, R, Henderson, L, Gratton, R, D Clement, K, K Yu-Ching Chang, Mcnish, D, Mcintosh, R, Milligan, W, Skelly, B, Anderson-Knight, H, Lawther, R, Onimowo, J, Shatkar, V, Tharmalingam, S, Woin, E, Fautz, T, Ziff, O, Dindyal, S, Talukder, S, Arman, S, Gadhvi, V, S Chew, L, Heath, J, Blencowe, N, Hallam, S, Gash, K, G Singh Mannu, D-C, Zachariades, C Snaith, A, S Hettiarachchi, T, Nesaratnam, A, Wheeler, J, Mccullagh, D, M Clements, J, Khan, A, Koumpa, F, Neophytou, C, Roth, J, C Soon, W, Deputy, M, Ahmed, A, Ashton, A, Vincent, J, Almy, J, Khan, T, J L, Y Allen, J Mcintyre, C, C Marshall, D, Sykes, M, Behar, N, Jordan, H, Rajjoub, Y, Sherman, T, White, T, Watts, A, Ardley, R, Arulampalam, T, Shah, A, Brown, D, Blower, E, Sutton, P, Gasteratos, K, Vimalachandran, D, Magee, C, Irwin, G, Mcguigan, A, Mcaleer, S, Morgan, C, Braungart, S, Lafferty, K, Labib, P, Tanase, A, Mangan, C, Reza, L, Woodward, H, Gouldthorpe, C, Turner, M, J R, L Wild, T A, M Malik, K Proctor, V, Hewage, K, Davies, J, Dubois, A, Sarwary, S, Zardab, A, Grant, A, Mcintyre, R, P Mogan, Y, W, Ho, F Hon Khi Chong, B, Tewari, S, Humm, G, Farinella, E, J Hall, N, J Wright, N, P Major, C, Xerri, T, P De Bono, Amin, J, Farhad, M, F Camilleri-Brennan, J, A G, N Robertson, Swann, J, Richards, J, Jabbar, A, Attard, M, Burns, H, Macdonald, E, Baldacchino, M, Skehan, J, Camilleri-Brennan, J, T Falconer Hall, Gimzewska, M, Mclachlan, G, Shah, J, Giles, J, Chiu, S, Weber, B, S Man Yeng Chiu, Highcock, S, Hassan, M, Beasley, W, Vlachogiorgos, A, Dias, S, Maharaj, G, Mcdonald, R, Macdonald, A, Witherspoon, P, Baird, A, Sarmah, P, Green, N, Youssef, H, Cross, K, M Rees, C, B Van Duren, Upchurch, E, Khan, K, Abudeeb, H, Hammad, A, Karandikar, S, Bowley, D, Karim, A, Chachulski, W, Richardson, L, Dawnay, G, Thompson, B, Mistry, A, Bhangu, A, Ghetia, M, Roy, S, Al-Obaedi, O, Das, K, Prabhudesai, A, M Cocker, D, J Tan, J, Tyler, R, F Di Franco, Ayyar, S, Vivekanantham, S, Gokani, S, Gillespie, M, Gudlaugsdottir, K, Pezas, T, Currow, C, M Young-Han Kim, Birring, A, Edwards, J, Das, S, Jha, M, Atkinson, K, Luck, J, Fozard, T, Puttick, M, Salama, Y, Shah, R, A Ibrahem, A, Ebdewi, H, Gravante, G, El-Rabaa, S, Nnajiuba, H, Allott, R, Bhargava, A, Chan, Z, Hassan, Z, Makinde, M, Hemingway, D, Dean, R, Boddy, A, Aber, A, Patel, V, Parakh, J, Parthiban, S, K Ubhi, H, S-P, Hosein, Ward, S, Malik, K, Jennings, L, Newton, T, Alkhouri, M, K Kang, M, Houlden, C, Barry, J, Raza, I, Farquharson, A, Bhattacharya, S, Chang, K, M S, J Wilson, N Neo, Y, Ibrahim, I, Chan, E, S Peck, F, J Lim, P, S North, A, Blundell, R, Williamson, A, Fouad, D, Minocha, A, Mccarthy, K, Court, E, Chambers, A, Yee, J, C Tham, J, Beaton, C, Walsh, U, Lockey, J, Bokhari, S, Howells, L, Griffiths, M, Yallop, L, Singh, S, Nasher, O, Jackson, P, M Shariffuddin, A, C Ho, W, Pabla, G, Ramzi, S, Zeidan, S, Doughty, J, Sinha, S, Davenport, R, Lewis, J, Duffy, L, Mcaleer, E, Williams, E, Som, R, Javed, O, Boal, M, Harrison, N, Tafazal, H, Brogden, T, Griffiths, E, D Obute, R, E Glover, T, J Clark, D, Boshnaq, M, Akhtar, M, Capleton, P, Doughan, S, Rabie, M, Mohamed, I, Samuel, D, Dickson, L, Kennedy, M, Dempster, E, Brown, E, Maple, N, Monaghan, E, Wolf, B, Garland, A, Mcphee, A, Anderson, D, Anderson, R, Hassan, S, Smith, D, Lund, J, Boereboom, C, Murphy, J, Tierney, G, Tou, S, F Zimmermann, E, J Smart, N, M Warwick, A, Stasinou, T, Daniels, I, Findlay-Cooper, K, Mitrasinovic, S, Ray, S, Varcada, M, R D, S Omara, Spurr, M, Parkinson, L, Hanks, A, J, Ma, Abington, E, Ramcharn, M, Williams, G, Winstanley, J, D Kennedy, E, E N, W Yeung, Fergusson, S, Jones, C, O'Neill, S, J Lim, S, Liew, I, Nair, H, Fairfield, C, Koh, S, Wilson, A, Anandkumar, D, Kirupagaran, A, F Jones, T, D Torrance, H, J Fowler, A, Chandrakumar, C, Patel, P, F Ashraf, S, M Lakhani, S, L Mclean, A, Basson, S, Batt, J, Bowman, C, Stoddart, M, Benons, N, Mason, C, Harrison, R, Quayle, J, Barker, T, Summerour, V, Harper, E, Smith, C, Hampton, M, K Pitt, S, E Ward, A, O'Connor, T, G Heywood, E, M Drake, T, Chowdhury, A, Hossaini, S, F Watson, N, Mckechnie, D, Farah, A, Chun, A, Koh, H, Lim, G, Sunderland, G, Gould, L, C Munipalle, P, Rooney, H, D R, L Browning, Pereira, B, Nemeth, K, Decker, E, Giuliani, S, Shalaby, A, Shaikh, S, Y Tan, C, E Y, A Palkhi, Kostov, E, Harbord, P, Barnacle, J, Szczap, A, Chidambaram, S, Y Chen, C, Kulasabanathan, K, Chhabra, S, M Palliyil, M, Zikry, M, Porter, J, Raslan, C, Hafiz, S, Soltani, N, Baillie, K, Marples, L, Macfarlane, A, Thurairaja, R, Singh, P, Sheth, S, Patel, K, Khalili, M, Choi, J, Benger, M, Boyce, T, Whewell, H, Jones, E, Th'Ng, F, Robertson, N, Mirza, A, Saeed, H, Galloway, S, Elena, G, Afzal, M, Zakir, M, Sodde, P, Hand, C, Sriram, A, Clark, T, Holton, P, Livesey, A, Sinha, Y, M Iqbal, F, S Bharj, I, Rotundo, A, Jenvey, C, Slade, R, Golding, D, Haines, S, A Ne'ma Abdullah, A, W Tilston, T, Loughran, D, Donoghue, D, Giacci, L, M Ashur Sherif, Harrison, P, Tang, A, Kotecha, D, Elshaer, M, Urbonas, T, Riaz, A, Chapman, A, Acharya, P, Shalhoub, J, Grossart, C, Mcmorran, D, Mlotshwa, M, Hawkins, W, Loizides, S, Krishna, K, Orchard, M, W Ho, C, Thomson, P, Khan, S, Taylor, F, Shukla, J, E Howie, E, Macdonald, L, Komolafe, O, Mcintyre, N, Cragg, J, Parker, J, Stewart, D, L, L, Tracy, J, Farooq, T, Molina, G, Kaafarani, H, Luque, L, Beyene, R, Sava, J, Scott, M, Swaroop, M, Kennedy, R, A Azodo, I, Heffernan, D, Chun, T, Stephen, A, Sion, M, S Weinstein, M, Punja, V, Bugaev, N, Goodstein, M, Razmdjou, S, Etchill, E, C Puyana, J, Kesinger, M, Napolitano, L, K, To, Hemmila, M, Todd, O, Jenner, E, Hoogakker, E, Roi, D, H Chieh Chen, J, Ismail, L, and G Escobar, E
Subjects: Adult, Male, Gastrointestinal Diseases, mortality, global surgery, abdominal, emergency, LMIC, surgery, Developed Countries, Checklist, Cohort Studies, Health Care, Abdomen, Humans, Female, Patient Safety, Emergencies, Quality Assurance, Developing Countries, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Quality Assurance, Health Care
Published: 2016

42. A Preliminary Investigation of Abnormal Personality Traits in MS Using the MCMI-III

Author: Giancarlo Di Battista, Ugo Nocentini, Chiara Concetta Incerti, Giuseppe Magistrale, Valerio Pisani, Ornella Argento, Rosalba Mannu, and Carlo Caltagirone
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, Multiple Sclerosis, Personality Inventory, media_common.quotation_subject, Neuropsychological Tests, Personality Disorders, Young Adult, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Personality, Humans, Big Five personality traits, Psychiatry, media_common, Aged, Expanded Disability Status Scale, histrionism, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, psychopathology, Personality disorders, Neuroticism, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Mood, personality, multiple sclerosis, narcissism, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Female, Personality Assessment Inventory, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Neuropsychiatric abnormalities are frequently reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies have investigated the neurotic aspects of psychopathology, and the importance of the personality structure underlying neurotic symptoms has only recently been reconsidered. The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency and type of personality profiles in MS using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). We evaluated 77 nondemented patients with MS using physical disability scales and self-report questionnaires focused on mood, fatigue, and personality. In our cohort study, we found a personality scale score greater than 85 in 62.3% of enrolled participants. In particular, high scores on the Histrionic and Narcissistic scales emerged, respectively, in 20.8% and 15.6% of the sample. The presence of moderate abnormal elevation scores in MCMI personality scales in MS does not seem to be influenced by age, the Expanded Disability Status Scale score, disease course, or disease duration. Our research study focused on the importance of identifying personality maladaptation in patients with MS.
Published: 2015

43. Age but not ABCD(2) score predicts any level of carotid stenosis in either symptomatic or asymptomatic side in transient ischaemic attack

Author: Allan Clark, M M Kyu, Yoon K. Loke, Anthony K. Metcalf, Joao H. Bettencourt-Silva, Gurdeep S. Mannu, John F. Potter, and Phyo K. Myint
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Blood Pressure, Asymptomatic, Severity of Illness Index, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, ABCD2, Medicine, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, education, Stroke, Aged, Retrospective Studies, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Confounding, Age Factors, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Stenosis, Review Literature as Topic, Logistic Models, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Cohort, biology.protein, Observational study, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Summary Background The ABCD2 score is routinely used in assessment of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) to assess the risk of developing stroke. There remains uncertainty regarding whether the ABCD2 score could be used to help predict extent of carotid artery stenosis (CAS). Objectives We aimed to (i) collate and analyse all available published literature on this topic and (ii) compare the data from our local population to the existing evidence base. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective-observational study over a 6-month period using our East of England hospital-based TIA clinic data with a catchment population of ~750,000. We also searched the literature on studies reporting the association between ABCD2 score and CAS. Results We included 341 patients in our observational study. The mean age in our cohort was 72.86 years (SD 10.91) with 52% male participants. ABCD2 score was not significantly associated with CAS (p = 0.78). Only age > 60 years was significantly associated with ipsilateral (> 50%) and contralateral CAS (> 50% and > 70%) (p
Published: 2015

44. Molecular Profiling Improves Classification and Prognostication of Nodal Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas: Results of a Phase III Diagnostic Accuracy Study

Author: John C. Chan, Giorgio Inghirami, Maria Antonella Laginestra, Fabio Fuligni, Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Javeed Iqbal, Maria Rosaria Sapienza, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Martin L. Hansmann, Monica Bellei, Claudio Agostinelli, Julie M. Vose, Francesco Bacci, Massimo Federico, Claudia Mannu, Sylvia Hartmann, Stefano Pileri, Antonio De Leo, Elena Sabattini, D. D. Weisenburger, Maura Rossi, Clara Bertuzzi, Roberto Piva, Anna Gazzola, P. P. Piccaluga, F. Fuligni, A. De Leo, C. Bertuzzi, M. Rossi, F. Bacci, E. Sabattini, C. Agostinelli, A. Gazzola, M.A. Laginestra, C. Mannu, M.R. Sapienza, S. Hartmann, M.L. Hansmann, R. Piva, J. Iqbal, J.C. Chan, D. Weisenburger, J.M. Vose, M. Bellei, M. Federico, G. Inghirami, P.L. Zinzani, and S.A. Pileri
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Tissue Fixation, CD30, T cell, Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas, Phase III diagnostic, Diagnosis, Differential, Formaldehyde, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Medicine, Humans, Survival analysis, Paraffin Embedding, GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE, business.industry, Not Otherwise Specified, Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral, PTCL-NOS, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Survival Analysis, Lymphoma, Peripheral, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Female, Differential diagnosis, NODAL, business, Transcriptome
Abstract: Purpose The differential diagnosis among the commonest peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs; ie, PTCL not otherwise specified [NOS], angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma [AITL], and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma [ALCL]) is difficult, with the morphologic and phenotypic features largely overlapping. We performed a phase III diagnostic accuracy study to test the ability of gene expression profiles (GEPs; index test) to identify PTCL subtype. Methods We studied 244 PTCLs, including 158 PTCLs NOS, 63 AITLs, and 23 ALK-negative ALCLs. The GEP-based classification method was established on a support vector machine algorithm, and the reference standard was an expert pathologic diagnosis according to WHO classification. Results First, we identified molecular signatures (molecular classifier [MC]) discriminating either AITL and ALK-negative ALCL from PTCL NOS in a training set. Of note, the MC was developed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples and validated in both FFPE and frozen tissues. Second, we found that the overall accuracy of the MC was remarkable: 98% to 77% for AITL and 98% to 93% for ALK-negative ALCL in test and validation sets of patient cases, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the MC significantly improved the prognostic stratification of patients with PTCL. Particularly, it enhanced the distinction of ALK-negative ALCL from PTCL NOS, especially from some CD30+ PTCL NOS with uncertain morphology. Finally, MC discriminated some T-follicular helper (Tfh) PTCL NOS from AITL, providing further evidence that a group of PTCLs NOS shares a Tfh derivation with but is distinct from AITL. Conclusion Our findings support the usage of an MC as additional tool in the diagnostic workup of nodal PTCL.
Published: 2013

45. Zinc and Other Metals Deficiencies and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: An Ecological Study in the High Risk Sardinia Island

Author: Paolo Valera, C Targhetta, Graziella Bruno, Patrizia Zavattari, A. Marcello, Marco Songini, Alessandro Sanna, S. Pretti, and Carla Mannu
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Male, Geologic Sediments, Adolescent, Population, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Risk Assessment, Mass Spectrometry, Rivers, Risk Factors, Metals, Heavy, medicine, Humans, Registries, education, Child, lcsh:Science, Islands, Type 1 diabetes, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Ecology, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Spectrophotometry, Atomic, lcsh:R, Genetic variants, Infant, Newborn, Ecological study, Infant, medicine.disease, Infant newborn, Geochemical elements, Zinc, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Italy, Child, Preschool, Female, lcsh:Q, Risk assessment, Research Article
Abstract: Background: Type 1 diabetes incidence presents a decreasing gradient in Europe from the Nordic countries to the Mediterranean ones. Exception to this gradient is represented by Sardinia, the second largest Mediterranean island whose population shows the highest incidence in Europe, after Finland. The genetic features of this population have created a fertile ground for the epidemic of the disease, however, as well as being strikingly high, the incidence rate has suddenly presented a continuous increase from the '50s, not explainable by accumulation of new genetic variants. Several environmental factors have been taken into account, possibly interacting with the genetic/epigenetic scenario, but there are no strong evidences to date. Methods: The present study investigated the hypothesis that geochemical elements could create permissive environmental conditions for autoimmune diabetes. An ecological analysis was performed to test possible correlations between the values of eight elements in stream sediments and type 1 diabetes incidence rate in Sardinia. Results: Analyses revealed negative associations between elements, such as Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and type 1 diabetes incidence. Conclusions: The results suggest a possible protective role of some elements against the onset of the disease. Copyright
Published: 2015
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46. An exploration of anger phenomenology in multiple sclerosis

Author: Nocentini U, Tedeschi G, Migliaccio R, Dinacci D, Lavorgna L, Bonavita S, Comanducci G, Coniglio G, Livrea P, Mannu R, Orefice G, Paciello M, Patti F, Quattrone A, Salemi G, Savettieri G, Simone IL, Valentino P, Zappia M, Bonavita V, Musicco M, Caltagirone C., BRESCIA MORRA, VINCENZO, Nocentini, U, Tedeschi, Gioacchino, Migliaccio, R, Dinacci, D, Lavorgna, L, Bonavita, Simona, Bresciamorra, V, Comanducci, G, Coniglio, G, Livrea, P, Mannu, R, Orefice, G, Paciello, M, Patti, F, Quattrone, A, Salemi, G, Savettieri, G, Simone, I, Valentino, P, Zappia, M, Bonavita, V, Musicco, M, Caltagirone, C., Tedeschi, G, Bonavita, S, Simone, IL, Caltagirone, C, BRESCIA MORRA, Vincenzo, and Simone, Il
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, anger, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, anxiety, multiple sclerosis, Anger, Young Adult, Female, Depression, Humans, Anxiety, Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, disability, depression, Multiple sclerosi, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are often emotionally disturbed. We investigated anger in these patients in relation to demographic, clinical, and mood characteristics.About 195 cognitively unimpaired MS patients (150 relapsing-remitting and 45 progressive) were evaluated with the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Chicago Multiscale Depression Inventory, and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. The patients' anger score distribution was compared with that of the normal Italian population. Correlation coefficients among scale scores were calculated and mean anger scores were compared across different groups of patients by analysis of variance.Of the five different aspects of anger, levels of withheld and controlled Anger were respectively higher and lower than what is expected in the normal population. Although anger was correlated with anxiety and depression, it was largely independent from these mood conditions. Mean anger severity scores were not strongly influenced by individual demographic characteristics and were not higher in more severe patients.The presence of an altered pattern of anger, unrelated to the clinical severity of MS, suggests that anger is not an emotional reaction to disease stress. An alteration of anger mechanisms might be a direct consequence of the demyelination of the connections among the amygdale, the basal ganglia and the medial prefrontal cortex.
Published: 2009
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47. A century of breast surgery: from radical to minimal

Author: Gurdeep S. Mannu and Angeline Bhalerao
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Breast surgery, Breast Neoplasms, Modified Radical Mastectomy, Online Correspondence, medicine.disease, Surgery, Breast cancer, medicine, Humans, Female, Radical surgery, Total Mastectomy, business, Quadrantectomy, Mastectomy, Radical mastectomy, Early Detection of Cancer, Mammography
Abstract: We read the recent article “What is the effect of screening mammography on breast cancer incidence”1 with great interest. The introduction of breast screening programs has opened many new uncertainties on the ideal management of women with early breast cancer. This is especially true of in situ disease, as it is clear that a proportion of these women may be overtreated. We feel your readers may be interested in the history of breast cancer treatment and the changes in surgical techniques as a background for considering breast cancer incidence over time. This history is especially pertinent in light of only marginal reductions in the rate of late-stage cancer presentation,1 suggesting the screening program is unlikely to eliminate the need for more extensive surgery for later-stage presentation. In this letter we provide this historic surgical background. In the last century, breast surgery has undergone dramatic changes in dogma; it serves as a prime example of how surgeons have made progress by challenging the limits of contemporary doctrine. The origins of breast surgery for cancer can be traced back to the 16th century.2 It was not until 1894, however, that an American surgeon, William Stewart Halsted (1852–1922), published his surgical technique for breast cancer surgery in the form of the Halsted (radical) mastectomy.3 This technique involved excising the breast, lymph nodes and pectoralis major and minor, leaving only skin covering the ribs. This extensive en bloc tissue resection resulted in considerable disfigurement and morbidity from the resultant weakened arm function and disabling lymphedema. Despite this, the vogue toward more extensive surgery continued into the midtwentieth century with a “bigger is better” approach. In fact, an American surgeon, Owen H. Wangensteen, was quoted as saying “Today, it should be said, I believe, the Halsted operation for cancer of the breast is outmoded: it is not radical enough”4. These newer operations involved extending the radical surgery dissection into the neck and mediastinum by supraradical mastectomy. This made no difference on patient outcomes; subsequent survival rates did not change in light of more aggressive surgery. In 1948, Patey and Dyson (London) advocated for taking a step back with pectoralis major–sparing surgery by using modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer. The modified radical mastectomy became popular and slowly replaced more extensive surgery by the 1980s.5 Patey argued that the excision of pectoralis major did not add any significant benefit but did contribute to poor cosmetic outcomes and intraoperative blood loss. In this post-World War II era and particularly from the 1970s, advances in adjuvant therapy (such as hormonal, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) have been combined with less radical surgery to achieve similar survival rates compared with early more radical surgery. The 1970s marked the age of large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the extent of surgery with objective outcomes. The Alabama Breast Cancer Project, Manchester Trial, the Cardiff–St. Mary’s trial and several others compared more versus less extensive surgery. In 1971, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-04 was initiated and was to be the largest RCT on the subject. The trial included 1079 women with clinically negative axillary nodes who underwent radical mastectomy, total mastectomy without axillary dissection but with postoperative irradiation, or total mastectomy plus axillary dissection only if their nodes became positive. There is now 25-year follow-up data from this study, which validated other studies showing no advantage from radical mastectomy.6 The true era of breast-conserving surgery is accredited to Umberto Veronesi, an Italian oncologist who progressed the idea of removing only the involved part of the breast (quadrantectomy). This was a radical idea at the time. An RCT of 701 women recruited from 1973 to 1980 and followed up for 20 years showed that the long-term survival rate among women who undergo breast-conserving surgery (with radiotherapy) was similar to that among women who undergo radical mastectomy. The evolution and minimization of breast surgery is being echoed in the field of surgery to the axilla. A number of contemporary studies have focused on the role of management of the sentinel lymph node biopsy (Z0011, Amaros, Supremo), stepping away from conventional axillary clearance. The future of breast surgery is bright. The next decade will be marked by shifts in paradigm toward less (with narrower acceptable margins) but more focused surgery to both the breast and axilla in light of advances in newer radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens. This is especially true with earlier stage cancer detection, which this data demonstrates.1
Published: 2014

48. Clinical and subclinical body dysmorphic disorder

Author: Piero Mannu, Michela Minio Paluello, Carlo Altamura, Stefania Medda, and Emanuela Mundo
Subjects: Adult, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical variables, Adolescent, Population, Comorbidity, Severity of Illness Index, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Sex Factors, mental disorders, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Family, Pharmacology (medical), Surgery, Plastic, Family history, Somatoform Disorders, education, Referral and Consultation, Suicidal ideation, Biological Psychiatry, Subclinical infection, education.field_of_study, Mood Disorders, Age Factors, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Italy, Phobic Disorders, Case-Control Studies, Body dysmorphic disorder, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Background The aim of the study was to define the main demographic and clinical characteristics of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and subclinical BDD (sBDD) in a sample derived by a screening survey done on a population of individuals referring to aesthetical medicine centers. Method 487 subjects referring to hospital centers for aesthetical medicine were administered the SCID-I and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale adapted for BDD (BDD-YBOCS). The sample was thus sub-divided in three sub-samples: 1) BDD, 2) sub-clinical BDD, and 3) controls. The main demographic and clinical variables were considered and compared between the BDD and the sBDD samples. Results As previously reported, the prevalence of BDD and sBDD was 6.3 % and 18.4 %, respectively. The most frequent comorbid diagnosis in both BDD and sBDD patients and their relatives was Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). A higher severity of symptoms was found in male BDD patients, while no gender-related differences were found in the sBDD group. Suicidal ideation was found in 12.1 % of the sBDD and in 49.7 % of the BDD patients. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis of BDD and sBDD belonging to the OCD spectrum, and appear to advise long-term follow-up studies on the course and the prognosis of sBDD.
Published: 2001
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49. Sentinel lymph node biopsy before mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction does not significantly delay surgery in early breast cancer

Author: Gurdeep S, Mannu, Ali, Navi, and Maged, Hussien
Subjects: Adult, Time Factors, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Mammaplasty, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast, Breast Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating, Preoperative Care, Humans, Female, Mastectomy, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) before mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) may help to avoid the negative cosmetic effects of radiotherapy on reconstructed breasts in lymph node-positive patients. Concerns have been raised regarding possible delays whilst awaiting the SLNB result prior to definitive surgery, which needs to be performed within 31 days of cancer diagnosis. The aim was to investigate whether initial SLNB delays mastectomy and IBR.All patients who had IBR between January 2005 and 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. Before October 2005 axillary staging was performed simultaneously with mastectomy and IBR (Group I). After October 2005, SLNB was performed as an initial procedure and patients with positive SLNB were only offered a temporary tissue expander to be replaced by autogenous reconstruction after completing the cancer treatment (Group II). Date of diagnosis and waiting times were recorded and the two groups were compared. Different reasons for delays in treatment were studied.One hundred and thirty-nine IBR (123 patients) were included in the statistical analysis (67 IBR in Group I and 72 IBR in Group II). Seventy-one patients (57.7%) had no delay (mean waiting time of 23 days). Fifty-two patients (42.3%) had delay longer than 31 days (mean waiting time of 66 days). Group I patients had a mean waiting time (standard deviation) of 38.8 (38) days and Group II patients 42.7 (24) days (p = 0.51).In this group of patients, SLNB before mastectomy and IBR does not significantly delay definitive breast cancer surgery.
Published: 2014

50. A rare cause of axillary lymphadenopathy: Kikuchi's disease

Author: Katharine Sheppard, Giles Cunnick, Gurdeep S. Mannu, and Farid Ahmed
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Breast clinic, Breast surgery, medicine.medical_treatment, Physical examination, Disease, Article, Young Adult, Rare Diseases, Surgical oncology, medicine, Axillary Lymphadenopathy, Humans, skin and connective tissue diseases, Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis, Lymphatic Diseases, medicine.diagnostic_test, Systemic lupus, business.industry, General surgery, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Lymphoma, Axilla, Female, business
Abstract: A healthy 19-year-old woman presented to her general practitioner with a 2-month history of a right axillary lump. There were no breast lesions and a general clinical examination was unremarkable. The lump was thought to be an enlarged lymph node so the patient was given several courses of antibiotics with little benefit. Tests for lymphoma and systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) were negative. The patient was subsequently referred to the breast clinic …
Published: 2014

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